المراجعة النهائية في الأحياء لغات الجزء الثاني

Choose the correct answer for each of the following :1- the organelles that are responsible for division of fertilized ovum 2-The ratios of the nitrogenous bases of a nucleic acid of an organism was found to be as follows (A = 12% U= 18% G= 39% C=32%) The nucleic acid is ( DNA double strand – single strand of DNA – tRNA – rRNA) 3- The lymphoid stem cells mature and differentiated into different types of T lymphocytes in the (Bone marrow – Thymus gland – spleen – Tonsils ) 4- The amount of proteins that formed by human cell ……….the salamander cell ( equal - less– more - non of them ) 5- The number of chromosome in sperm of honey bee …………..of number of chromosomes in its somatic cells. ( double - triple- same – half) 6- There is hydrogen bond in DNA between ( Phosphate and deoxyribose - Cytosine and guanine - uracil and thyamine - Adenine and uracil ) 7- The walls of plant cells become stronger if …….. is deposited in it. ( cutin - suberin - cellulose - all the previous ) ( DNA molecule with which replication begins -DNA molecule which represents rRNA genes from which RNA is replicated) 8- Some plants such as banana and pine apple naturally form seedless fruits by …………………..

(Parthenocarby -Spraying flowers with growth hormone - Spraying flowers with growth retardation hormone - The absence of flower formation) 9- During menstruation (The egg moves into fallopian tube - corpus luteum develope - The uterine lining is discharged - The egg matures ) 10- If the number of 1ry oocyst is 13 so , the number of polar bodies equal………and number of egg equal ……………..

(18,9 - 13,3 - 39,13 - 26,13) 11- Exophthalmic goiter is due to the increase in the hormone : (Thyroxin – growth – cortisone- parathormone )

12-The proper energy store for the muscle is(ATP –Glycogen – Glucose- lactic acid) 13- The two centrioles existing in the neck of human male gamete play a role in the division of the fertilized ovum within the………………

(Ovary - fallopian tube – uterus - vagina ) 14- The gland which its hyper secretion leads to sexual prematuration in males is the ……………gland. ( pituitary - thyroid - adrenal - parathyroid ) 15- Parthenogenesis occurs in all of the following organisms except the …….. (crustaceans - worms - insects - sponges ) 16- The theory of Huxely states that when the skeletal muscle contracts the adjacent sets of …………… are withdrawn with help of energy . ( transverse links - myosin filaments - actin filaments - myosin and actin filament ) 17- On the arrival of the pollen grains on the stigma of the plant it stimulates the ……………to secrete ……………..

(Anther ,auxins - Ovary , mustard gas - receptacle ,nitrous acid - Ovary ,auxins ) 18- If there are three sarcomeres so ,there are ……………Z lines .

(6 8 -12 -4) 19- Which one of the following would occur as a response to fear or stress? ( blood glucose level increases - blood flow to skin increases - adrenaline production decrease - pancreases secret more insulin 20- number of the bone in the ankle ,carpels, big toe , cerebral part of skull is ( 26 - 25 - 34 - 12 ) Give reasons for each of the following :1- Knee joint is considered as one of a limited movement joints.

2-The number of T – suppressor cells increases after destruction of the pathogen 3- Spore may wilt and die in some cases .

4- Occurrence of gigantism in some children 5-Tears and saliva are considered as kind of natural immunity 6- Acilles tendon exposes to damage ,in some times 7- Deposition of gums represents a way of structural immunity

8- Precipitation is considered one mechanism stop the action of antigens by antibodies 9- The human placenta is considered as endocrine gland 10- plant forms tyloses 11- Masculinization may occur in some women .

12- Antibodies are different from each other What would happen in each of the following cases:1-Disapperance of acrosomes from sperms 2- Stop secretion of histamine substance in the injured tissues 3- second infection with same microbes for same person 4- Decrease secretion of the prolactin hormone 5- Releasing of the interleukins from the activated T helper cells during cellular immunity Compare between each of the following :1- Natural immunity and acquired immunity 2-T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes 3- Nucleotide and nucellus Write the scientific term that indicates each of the following statements:1- The organ through which the urethra passes.

2- A method of sexual reproduction in primitive organisms in which the contents of a cell fuse with the contents of another cell.

3- The plant portion that if it does not find what it sticks to during its movement ,it wilts and dies .

4- It is the joint that is converted into bony joint by growing older.

5- An enzyme secreted by the sperm to dissolve a part of ovum coat .

6- A tissue is produced after endospermic nucleus has been formed .

7- It is an infective stage for the anopheles Mosquitos

8-Type of division taken place during multiplication 9- Cell from which sperm and ovum are formed .

10- Chemical substances make communication between different white blood cells .

11- Chemical substance produced from infected cells with viruses 12- Enzyme can degrade DNA completely 13- Fusion between two male nuclei ,one with egg and the other with two polar nuclei 14- Coated zygot of the spirogyra . )1- From the following figure answer :1- write the labelles from 1-6 2- what are function of 2,5?

3- what is fate to structure no 5 if the Ovum Is fertilized ?

2-From the following figure answer:C) 2- the graph shows the changes in blood glucose level after a meal . explain the shape of graph between a- From A to B b- From B To C C- From C to D 3-From the following figure answer :the opposite table shows the percentage of bases in three different samples of DNA ,as determined by a scientist .

1- What is / are the samples (S) that emphasize Base pairing in DNA ?Explain 2- What is the percentage of uracil in mRNA that transcribed from sample (B)?

3- The opposite figure illustrate show a stage in human pregnancy . a- Name the numbered parts 1-6 bDecide wether this figure shows an

early ,middle, or last stage of pregnancy? c- What is the difference between Number 5 ,4 d- Give three reasons for your answer on the previous question ?

(B1) The following figures represents one from the structures that belongs to the skeletal system answer following question :-1- What is the diagram represents ?

2- The structure indicated by this diagram connects two different structures ,mention these two structures ?

3- Mention number and names in this diagram not belongs to the skeletal system?.

6- The opposite figure illustrate part of skeletal system . a- What is this diagram represents b-Complete the labeled diagram ?

a- Calculate the number of turn – number of nitrogenous bases – number of the ribose sugar – number of the phosphate group on one strand only ?If you now that DNA molecule length is 45 cm and each 1.5 represent half of turn ? b- The number of chromosomes in certain plant is 18 pairs How many expected chromosomes in the following :1- nucleus of endosperm 2- cell in the embryo 3- Female gamete 4- each of the polar nuclei 5- cell of testa 6- cell in the nucellus Draw the stages that can been seen under microscope of the infected person .

Draw the Myofibril

Answer :Choose the correct answer:1- centrioles 2- single strand of DNA 3- Thymus gland 4- more 5equal 6- Cytosine and guanine 7-cellulose 8-Parthenocarpy 9- The uterine lining is discharged 10-(39,13 ) 11-Thyroxin 12- Glycogen 13-Fallopian tube 14- Pituitary gland 15Spongy 16-actin filament 17-ovary ,auxins 18-4 19- blood glucose level increase 20- (25) Give reasons for each of the following :1- Because it allow movement of one bone in one direction 2- Because they bind to plasma cells ,T helper ,T cytotoxic cells ,this binding will help the T suppressor cells to secret lymphokines which inhibit the immune response where plasma cell will stop producing antibodies ,many T helper and activated T cytotoxic cells will die.

3- There is no water for its germination 4- Due to hyper secretion of the growth hormone.

5-Because tears contains antimicrobial substance that protect the eye from microbes ,the saliva contains substance that kill microbes due to dissolved enzymes.

6 – Exposing it to vigorous exercises or effort or sudden muscle contraction and loss of elasticity in the muscles 7- Because it prevents the entry of microbes inside the plant 8-Because the binding occurs between antibodies and antigen microbes , this leads to the formation of insoluble antigen-antibody complex ,when form a precipitation ,to facilitate its engulfing by phagocytes 9-Because it secrets estrogen and progesterone 10-If the vascular system is exposed to cut 11-Due to unbalance secretion of adrenal cortex which results in the increase in level of male sex hormones above normal 12- As they are different from each other at antigen binding site in sequence , number , arrangement What would happen 1- No penetration of ovum , so there is no fertilization 2-Stopping second line of defense and so microbes will spread faster and 3rd line will start its response.

Stop permeability of arterioles and capillaries to blood fluids or white blood cells so ,inhibits healing of the injured tissues 3- No symptoms appear , as amount of antibodies are large , depending on B and T memory cells .

4- Decrease the milk secretion and its secretion from the mammary glands and also decrease the secretion of progesterone hormone from the corpus luteum 5- The activated T H cells bind to the antigen –MHC2 complex presented on the surface of macrophage to divide to form a strain of

activated TH ,Divide to form a strain of memory cells that lasts in blood for long period of time.

Compare between each of the following :1-natural immunity :Acquired immunity is group of the defense mechanisms that protect the body against the microbes or the foreign body ,non –specific or innate ,represents the the first line and second line (physical and natural barriers in the body ,inflammatory response ,interferon and natural killer cells ,no memory cell .

is the resistance of the body to attack pathogen or infected body before, specific or adaptive ,represents the third line line of defense cellular ,humoral or antibody – mediated immunity response ,memory cells will be formed

T- lymphocytes Represents 80% of lymphocytes Formed in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus Types T helper- Tcytotoxic – Suppressor

B-lymphocytes About 10%-to 15% Formed and complete their growth to become mature in the bone marrow One type Produces antibodies

Nucleotides Nucellus It is made up of deoxyribose It in nutritive tissue that sugar ,phosphate group ,and surround ovule nitrogenous base Write the scientific name:1-Penis 2- spores 3- Tendril 4-Fibrous joint 5- Hyluronase enzyme 6endospermic tissue 7-gametocytes 8- mitosis 9-Iry germ cell 10 – Interleukin 11- interferon 12- Deoxyribonuclease enzyme 13-Triple fusion 14-Zygospore Diagram1 1- 1- ovum 2- graafian follicle 3- ovary wall 4- released ovum 5corpus luteum 2- Function of graafian follicle secrets estrogen hormone in the blood that stimulates the growth of the endometrium Function of the corpus luteum secrets progesterone and estrogen hormone that increases the thickness of the endometrium stops ovulation 3- If the ovum is fertilized ,pregnancy occurs and the corpus luteum remains to secrets progesterone and estrogen and it reaches its maximum growth at the end of 3rd month of pregnancy ,the corpus

luteum starts to degenerates during the fourth month ,when the placenta that grow in the uterus takes over the function of the corpus luteum in the secreting the progesterone .

Diagram2 a- Absorption of glucose by the small intestine after digestion ,so glucose level increase with high ratio. b- Insulin change glucose into glycogen ,so glucose level decrease c- glucagon change glycogen into glucose , so level of glucose increases with normal ratio Diagram3 a-The sample A and C due to equal Percentage of (G) and (C) and equal (T) ,(A) b-The percentage of the uracil is 40 % because sample B is DNA strand ,so Percent of mRNA must be equal adenine and thymine Diagram 4 1- 1- Uterine wall 2- amnion 3- cervix 4- placenta 5- umbilical cord 6amniotic fluid 2- Last stage of the pregnancy 3- presence of the head of fetus at neck of vagina-complete organs – expansion of cervix Diagram 5 1- Acilles tendon 2- gastrocnemius muscle – Heel bone 3- Gastrocnemius muscle Diagram 6 1- Knee joint 2- 1- Anterior cruciate ligament 2- Posterior cruciate ligament 3lateral collateral ligament 4- medial collateral ligaments a- Number of turn = 15 number of nitrogenous bases in one strand = 150 number of phosphate bases in one strand = 149 number of deoxyribose in one strand = 150 b- 1- (27 ) 2- (18 ) 3- (9 ) 4- (9 ) 5- (27) 6- (18 )