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‫هـ‬1441 ‫ من شعبان‬24 - 2020 ‫ إبريل‬17 ‫ الجمعة‬- 3244 ‫العدد‬ Friday - 17 April 2020 - Issue NO. 3244

‫ملف خاص‬

:‫إعداد‬ ‫ أيمن منصور‬.‫أ‬ »‫خبير مادة الكيمياء «لغات‬

‫ شيماء سمير‬:‫إشراف‬

»‫مراجعة نهائية لطالب «الثانوية العامة» فى مادة الكيمياء «لغات‬ Q1- Write the scientific expression of the following:-

1-the method of conversion of water gas to liquid fuel 2-The colour that is not absorbed by the substance. 3- Chemical formula of cementite 4- Formation of a thin non – porous layer of oxide which protects iron from further oxidation 5-Elements that fills the 3d energy sub - level by electrons sequentially located at the fourth period in the periodic table . 6-gas has bad smell turns a paper wet with lead acetate to black 7-the anion which form colourless gas turns to reddish brown fumes in air 8- They are precipitated as hydroxides. Its reagent is ammonium hydroxide 9- Formula of brown ring appears by anions of nitrate disappears by heat or shaking 10- The reactions which are used for determination of substances that form sparingly soluble products. 11-It is a kind of filter paper doesn’t leave ash on burning 12- At constant temperature the speed of chemical reaction directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants 13- The minimum energy that molecule must be gained in order to react. 14- The positive ion which is formed when water molecule combine with the hydrogen ion (proton) and has an acidic effect on litmus 15-It is the product of multiplication of the concentration of ions of sparingly soluble substance in its saturated solution each is raised to power number of moles in balanced equation. 16-The quantity of electricity consumed on passing a current with a strength of one ampere through a conductor for a time of one second . 17- When a given quantity of electricity is passed through solution of several electrolytes the weights of substances formed at the electrode are directly proportional to their equivalent weights. 18-It is electrochemical process in which metals oxidize or lose electrons 19-Process of covering iron with metal more reactive than iron as zinc 20- It shows the number and kind of atoms inside the molecule. 21-It shows the arrangement of the atoms inside the molecule and its bonds. 22- More than one Organic compound has the same molecular formula but differs in their structural formula and also differs in physical and chemical properties. 23-It is a series of organic compounds have the same general formula and chemical properties but graduated physical properties

Because the concentration of hydrogen ion equals the concentration of hydroxyl ion = 10-7.

14- Ionization of hydrochloric acid is not affected by dilution but the extent of ionization of acetic acid increases by dilution. Because HC1 acid is completely ionized while acetic acid contains unionized molecules which ionize gradually by increasing dilution

15- Silver nitrate solution should not be kept in copper vessels.

Because the oxidation potential of copper is higher than that of silver i.e copper is more active than silver , so it replaces silver in its salt solution and vessel decay.

16-carbon electrodes must be replaced from time to time when extraction of aluminum metal

Because rising oxygen reacts with the carbon electrodes and gives carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide 3 /2 O2 + 2C CO + CO2 Causing erosion of carbon electrodes

17-Recently we use a mixture of salts of aluminum sodium, calcium, fluorides, rather than carylite when extracting aluminum metal?

B. it reduces melting point and has lower density than of the molten which facilitates the separation of aluminum, in the bottom of the electric cell 18-The density of the sulphuric acid in the battery can identify the car battery condition. B. when the battery is completely charged the density of acid equal from 1.28 to 1.30 gm/cm3 but if the acid density decreased to less than 1.2 gm/cm3, the battery needs to recharging and increasing its acid concentration

19-Lithium is used in making mobile battery . B. It is the lightest known metal and it has the lowest standard reduction potential relative to all metals ( - 3.04v) 20-Alkanes are chemically inactive chemically. Because the carbon atoms are combined together by a single sigma bond which is strong and cannot broken easily. 21-The reaction of alkenes with water needs acidic medium To produce positive hydrogen ion because water is a weak electrolyte so the 22-Using chloroform as anesthetic is stopped Because the inaccurate estimation of the dose causes the death of patient

22-The use of ethylene glycol as antifreeze substance

Because it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules and it prevents their combination with each other to form ice crystals reaction reaches more 3000°C. 23-Ethyne reacts by addition in two steps while ethene reacts in one step.

2-Iron III oxide from iron III chloride FeCl3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4Cl + Fe(OH)3 >2000c

..................................Exothermic reaction..............

Q7-How can you differentiate between Exp

By using magnesium sulphate solution

Carbonate salt

By using sodium or ammonium hydroxide

1- Fischer-Tropsch 3- Fe3 C 5- First transition series

7-nitrite 9- fifth analytical group

2- complementary colour 4- Passivity

6- Hydrogen sulphide H2S 8- third analytical group 10- precipitation reaction

1-Although chromium has more chemical activity but it resists weather due to formation a thick layer of metal oxide on the surface , its size more than element size, which gives non-porous surface which prevent reaction of metal with atmospheric oxygen 2-Transition elements are characterized by having variable oxidation states. Because the two sublevels 4S and 3d of nearly equal energy and their electrons are lost in sequence when the atom is oxidized. 3-Transition elements atomic radii are nearly constant from chromium to copper Due to two opposite factors; a- by increasing atomic number the effective nuclear charge increases and number of electrons increases so attraction force of nucleus to electrons increases so atomic radius decreases b- By increasing the atomic number, number of electrons in 3d sublevel increases causes increasing the repulsion force between electrons so atomic radius increases 4-transition elements are ideal catalyst . due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the orbitals of 4s, 3d sublevels which form bonds between the reactant molecules and the atoms of the metals

Because ethyne contains two (pi) bonds while ethene contains one only. 24-Bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride solution, is not used to differentiate between ethene and ethyne. Because both of them reacts with bromine and its red colour discharged.

Q3 -Choose the correct answer

1-The reaction of iron and sulphur gives ………… c-Fe2O3 d-FeS a-Fe2(SO4)3 b-FeSO4 2-Iron dissolved in dil .acids giving………. a-iron(II)salts b-iron(II)oxide c-iron(III) salt d-iron(III)oxide 3-Black iron oxide is a mixed oxide, it reacts with conc. hot acids giving ….. a-iron(II)salts b-iron(III) salts c-(a and b) together d-iron (III) oxide 4-Reducing magnetic iron oxide at 400-700oC gives………… d-FeSO4 a-Fe b-FeO c-Fe2O3 5-FeO reacts with dil. acids to give ……….. a-iron(II) salt only b-iron(III) salt only c- iron(II) salt and water d-iron(III)salt and water 6-Compound FeCl2 is…………………………….. a) Paramagnetic and colorured. b) Diamagnetic and colourless c) Diamagnetic and colorured. d) Paramagnetic and colourless 7- We can detect glucose by using ...................... a) Schiffs reagent b) iron tri chloride c) Fehling's solution 8-To deposit one gram atom of a trivalent metal it is required to pass a quantity of electricity of......... a ) 189000 coulomb ( b ) 289500 coulomb c) 96500 coulomb (d ) 9650 c 9-The quantity of electricity needed to precipitate 1/10 equivalent of silver from silver nitrate solution is........................ [Ag=108] a) Faraday (b) 1/10 Faraday c ) 1/5 Faraday ( d ) Faraday 10-The positive pole in the mercury cell consists of..................... a) graphite (b) copper c) aluminum (d)Zinc 11-The anode in the car's battery is made of............ a) Copper ( b) aluminum c ) lead ( d) iron 12-To precipitate 32.5 gram of zinc [Zn= 65 ] by electrolysis equals........... a) 2 Faradays ( b) 1 Faraday c ) 0.5 Faraday (d ) 0.2 Faraday 13-The anode in the galvanic cell is................ a) The positive pole where oxidation process takes place b) The negative pole where oxidation process takes place c) The positive pole where reduction process takes place d) The negative pole where reduction process takes place 14-Each half cell in the galvanic cell is called a ........... electrode.

Bicarbonate salt

Aluminum salt

White ppt. turns Reddish brown White gelatinous ppt. green When it ppt. Soluble in of Aluminum hydroxide exposed to air acids soluble In dil. Acids and in caustic soda

3- How can you distinguish, without using reagents, between silver chloride and sodium chloride salts? Exp. sodium chloride silver chloride is sparingly or slightly soluble It completely dissolve By adding water in water in water Q8-Show by balanced chemical reactions what happens in each of the following: (1) Exposing filter paper moistened with acidified potassium dichromate solution to the gas which is evolved when the solid salt of sulphite reacts with dil. HCl K2Cr2O7(aq) +3SO2(g) +H2SO4(aq) K2SO4(aq)+ Cr2(SO4)3(aq)+ H2O(l) (2) Exposing filter paper moistened with lead acetate (II) solution to the gas

PbS(s) ↓ + 2CH3COOH(aq)

(3) Adding lead acetate solution to sodium sulphate. Na2SO4(aq) + (CH3COO)2Pb(aq)

CH3COONa (aq) + PbSO4(s)

Q9-Mention one conﬁrmatory test for each of the following (1) Chloride anion. NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) (2) Iodide anion. NaI (aq) + AgNO3(aq) (3) Phosphate anion. Na3 PO4+ 3 AgNO3

(aq)

AgI (s) + NaNO3( aq) yellow ppt. NaNO3

(aq)

Q10-compare

1-Blast furnace and Medrix furnace related to:-

Iron ore, Source of reducing agent, Reducing agent, chemical equation)

P .O .C

iron ore Source of reducing agent Reducing agent

Blast furnace Fe2O3 from coke coal [ C ]

Medrix furnace Fe2O3 from natural gas

12 - Sodium chloride solution has a neutral effect on litmus. NaCl Na+ + Cl-1 by addation H2O H+ + OH-

2-Paramagnetic & diamagnetic substances related to:(define - magnetic moment)

Diamagnetic substance

It is the substance which is attracted to It is the substance which is repelled the magnetic field due to the presence of to the magnetic field due to the presence of paired electrons in ( d ) unpaired electrons in ( d ) orbitals . orbitals .

H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-

NaCl + 2H2O

Because NaCl dissociates in water giving hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide which are strong electrolytes and completely ionized , so the concentration of H+ ions equals that of OH- ions ,

13- pH Value of pure water = 7

a) standard (b) reducible c) non - reversible ( d) reversible 15-Mass of gold precipitated by passing one Faraday in a solution of gold III chloride is.......................... a) 1 mole b) 3/2mole c ) 1/3 moles ( d ) 2 moles 16-To recharge the lead cell an outside source of electricity is connected to the cell which have potential............. a ) slightly higher than the potential of the cell b ) lower than the potential of the cell c) Much higher than potential of the cell d) equal to the potential. 17- If you are provided with the following metals: Iron - copper - zinc - gold. you can determine their locations in the electrochemical series by one of the following..... a) Its malleability and ductility . b ) addition of water to each metal. c ) addition of each one to a solution of the other metal d) addition of hydrochloric acid to each metal 18-The apparatus used to measure the electric potential difference for a half cell [ i,e. oxidation or reduction ]....... a) voltmeter (b) galvanoscope c ) voltammeter ( d ) ammeter 19- During purification of copper the impure copper is used as ............... pole a) positive (b) negative c ) standard ( d ) magnetic 20-Mass of magnesium precipitated by passing 2 Faraday in solution of magnesium sulphate is.................... Mg=24 a) 48 grams ( b ) 12 grams c ) 36 grams ( d ) 24 grams

Q4-What is the effect of heat on:1- Iron II oxalate COO



Absence of air

COO 2FeO +

FeO + CO2 + CO Fe2O3



Presence of air

2- Iron II sulphate  Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 2FeSO4 Q5-How can you get 1- The three iron oxides from iron  3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 Fe3O4 + H2

2FeO + O2



400:700 c



3FeO + H2O

Fe2O3

3-types of chemical analysis Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Analysis that aims to identify the constituents or components of the substance if it is pure ( simple salt )or mixture from different substances.

Analysis that aims to measure the percent or ratio or weight of each constituent of the substance .

Q11-Mention the use of the following elements or compounds:1-plating metals& leather industry 2- galvanizing of metals 3-In sunscreens or sun cream 4-bright coatings & X-ray screens industry

Q12-A 1.023 grams of hydrated coblet (ll) sluphate (CoSO4. X H2O) was strongly heated until a constant mass 0.603 grams. Calculate the percentage of water of crystallization of the hydrated cobalt (ll)sluphate ,then calculate the number of water molecules of crystallization and write the molecular formula of the hydrated salt. Mass of Mass of (Co=59,S=32,O=16,H=1) water in anhydrous Solution substance 0.42 g 155 g sample xg 0.603 g Mass of water of crystallization=1.023-0.603=0.42 g % of water of crystallization =

mass of water

x 100

mass of hydrated salt

CO + H2

equation in Blast furnace Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)  equation in Medrix furnace Fe2O3(s) + 2CO(g)+ H2(g)  2Fe(s) + 2CO2(g)+H2O(g)

Paramagnetic substance

FeCl2 + H2

conc Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 +4H2O 9-Hydrochloric acid is the suitable reagent that used to test for carbonates , B. HCl is more stable than their acids. so it replaces the acids of these anions in the form of gases can be identified with the suitable reagent. 10- When testing for carbonate radical Carbon dioxide gas CO2 should pass for short time. To avoid the conversion of calcium carbonate of white p.pt to soluble calcium bicarbonate so the p.pt disappear 11 - The hydrogen ion does not exist freely in the aqueous solutions of acids. Or The hydrogen ion is called hydrated proton. Because the hydrogen ion contains an empty orbital, so it can accept the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom in a water molecule by a coordinate bond forming the hydrated proton or hydronium ion

1-Chromium 2-Zinc 3-titanium dioxide -TiO2 4- zinc sulfide ZnS

AgCl (s) + 2NaNO3(aq) white ppt.

Ag3 PO4 +3 yellow p.pt (s)



dil.

7-Iron does not react with conc. nitric acid Due to formation of a thin non – porous layer of oxide which protects iron from further oxidation. (Passivity) 8-Magnetite reacts with conc. acids and gives two salts of iron II and III . B.it is a mixed oxide of Fe2O3 , FeO

Q2-Give the scientific explanation:-

(CH3COO)2Pb(aq) + H2S(g)

surface so the concentration of reactants increase on the catalyst surface and weakness the bond between molecules of reactants and decreasing the activation energy so the speed of reaction increase. 5-Reaction of iron with chlorine form iron III chloride Because chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent so it prevents the formation of iron II salt  2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 6-Reaction of iron with dilute hydrochloric acid form iron II chloride Because hydrogen is a strong reducing agent so it prevents the formation of iron III salt

Fe + 2HCl

11-Ash less filter paper 12-Law of mass action 14-Hydroniuom ion or H3O+ 13-activation energy 15 - Solubility product Ksp 16-coloumb 17-Faraday second law 18-Corrosion 20-Molecular formula 19- galvanization 22-Isomer 21-structural formula 24-saturated hydrocarbons 23-homolegues series 25-thermal catalytic cracking

(aq)

a white ppt. of magnesium a white ppt. of magnesium Sulphate is formed on Sulphate is formed after cold heating

2- Iron II salt , Iron III salt and Aluminum salt Exp. Iron II salt Iron III salt

Answer Q1

which is evolved when the solid salt of sulphide reacts With dil. HCl

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O Q6-By using the figure below that shows the activation energy before and after using a transition element as a catalyst, Answer the following questions:a) What is the value of the activation energy without using a catalyst? ………………130KJ/mol......................... b) What is the value of the activation energy after using a catalyst? …………………100KJ/mol............................. c) Is this reaction an endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

1- Carbonate salt and Bicarbonate salt

24-They are characterized by the presence of single bond between two carbon atoms. 25- It is the breakdown of large hydrocarbons into other small ones using a catalyst.

= (0.42/1.023) X100 = 41.1% Molecular mass of CoSO4 = 59+32+(4x16) = 155 g mass of anhydrous sub. Mass of water in sub. = Mass of water in sample mass of anhydrous sample x g of H2O

155 g

0.42 g 0.603 X gm =(155x0.42)/0.603 = 107.9=108g Molar mass of water=18g X mole water = 108 ÷ 18 = 6 mole

The molecular formula CoSO4 .6H2O