نص خطبة الجمعة المقبلة "الإمام الشافعي ودوره التجديدي في عصره"

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‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺻﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻣ ﺩ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻣﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋ ﻝ ﻓ ﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑ ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻳ ﺯ‪} :‬ﻳَ ْﺭﻓَ ﻊِ ﷲ ُ ﺍﻟ ﺫِﻳﻥَ ﺁ َﻣﻧُ ﻭﺍ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﻛ ْﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺫِﻳﻥَ‬ ‫ﺕ{‪ ،‬ﻭﺃَﺷ ﻬ ُﺩ ْ‬ ‫ﺷ ﺭﻳﻙَ ﻟَ ﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃَﺷ ﻬ ُﺩ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃُﻭﺗ ُ ﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ َﻡ َﺩ َﺭ َﺟ ﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺳ ِﻳّ َﺩﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺑﻳﱠﻧ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻻَ ﺇﻟ ﻪَ ﺇِﻻﱠ ﷲُ ﻭﺣ َﺩﻩُ ﻻ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻳَ ْﺑﻌَ ُ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻧَ ٍﺔ َﻣ ْﻥ ﻳُ َﺟ ِ ّﺩ ُﺩ ﻟَ َﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺙ ِﻟ َﻬ ِﺫ ِﻩ ﺍﻷ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩًﺍ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َﺭﺃ ِﺱ ُﻛ ِّﻝ ِﻣﺎﺋ َ ِﺔ َ‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺩُﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻭﻟُﻪُ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻝ‪ِ ) :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ ﺇﻟ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺩِﻳﻧَ َﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻡ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻳ ﻪ ﻭﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺁ ِﻟ ِﻪ ﻭﺻ ﺣﺑِ ِﻪ ﺃﺟﻣﻌ ﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ َﻣ ﻥ ﺗ ﺑِﻌَ ُﻬ ْﻡ ﺑﺈﺣﺳ ٍ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻝ ﻭﺳ ِﻠ ْﻡ ﻭﺑ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺩِﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌــﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء ﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﺟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻧﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻡ ﻭﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺑﻳﺎء‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻭﻝ ﻧﺑﻳﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻁ ِﺭﻳﻘًﺎ ﻳَ ْ‬ ‫ﻁ ِﺭﻳﻘًﺎ ِﻣ ْﻥ ُ‬ ‫ﺳﻠَﻙَ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻠَﻙَ ﷲُ ﺑِ ِﻪ َ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟ َﺟﻧﱠ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻁﻠُ ُ‬ ‫)ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ(‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﻥ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻓِﻳ ِﻪ ِﻋ ْﻠ ًﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﻁ ُﺭ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺳ َﻣ َﺎﻭﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠ ِﻡ‪َ ،‬ﻭﺇِﻥ ﺍﻟﻌَﺎ ِﻟ َﻡ ﻟﻳَ ْﺳﺗَﻐ ِﻔ ُﺭ ﻟﻪُ َﻣﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ ﺃَﺟْ ِﻧ َﺣﺗ َ َﻬﺎ ِﺭ ً‬ ‫ﺿﺎ ِﻟﻁﺎ ِﻟ ِ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ َﻣ َﻼﺋِ َﻛﺔَ ﻟَﺗَ َ‬ ‫ﺿ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﻘَ َﻣ ِﺭ ﻟَ ْﻳﻠَﺔَ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺗ ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟ َﻌﺎ ِﺑ ِﺩ َﻛﻔَ ْ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻓَ ْ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﺽ َﻭ ِ‬ ‫َﺎﻥ ِﻓﻲ َﺟ ْﻭ ِ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻣ ْﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻷ َ ْﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َﻝ ﺍﻟﻌَﺎ ِﻟ ِﻡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﺎﺭﺍ َﻭﻻَ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺏ‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌُﻠ َﻣﺎ َء َﻭ َﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺑِﻳَ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻭ ِﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺑِﻳَﺎ َء ﻟ ْﻡ ﻳ َُﻭ ِ ّﺭﺛﻭﺍ ﺩِﻳﻧ ً‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ِﺋ ِﺭ ﺍﻟ َﻛ َﻭﺍ ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑَﺩ ِْﺭ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺩ ِْﺭ َﻫ ًﻣﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﺇﻧﱠ َﻣﺎ َﻭ ﱠﺭﺛُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ َﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓَ َﻣ ْﻥ ﺃَ َﺧﺫَﻩُ ﺃَ َﺧﺫَ ِﺑ َﺣ ٍ ّ‬ ‫ﻅ َﻭﺍﻓِ ٍﺭ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺿﻝ ﷲ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺗﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻌﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻣﺎء ﻣﺟﺩﺩﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻬﻭﺍ ﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﷲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺳﻭﻟﻪ )ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻳﱠﻧﻭﻩ ﻟﻠﻧﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻛﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﻋﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻧﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻳﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﻥ ﺃﻋﻅـﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻭﻝ )ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ(‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﻥ ﻳُ ِﺭ ِﺩ ﷲ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺧﻳ ًْﺭﺍ ﻳُﻔَ ِﻘّ ْﻬﻪُ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺩ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺩﺩﻳﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﻥ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻟﺙ ﺍﻷﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻙ ﺑﻥ ﺃﻧﺱ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ(‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺗﻼﻣﻳﺫ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻲ ﺣﻧﻳﻔﺔ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ﻭﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﻛﺗﺑﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺗﺎ ًﺫﺍ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺑﻥ ﺣﻧﺑﻝ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺑﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ﻣﺫﻫﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺩ ﻛﺗﺎﺏ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺳﻧﺔ ﻧﺑﻳﻪ )ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ﻧﺎﻓﺫ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺻﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺻﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺑﻌﺙ ﺇﻟﻳﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻭ ﻳﻭﺳﻑ ‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺣﻧﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻧّﻑ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻙ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ َﻣﻥ ﻳﺻ ِﻧّﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻧﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫)ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺋﻼ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺱ ﺑﻳﺩﻩ ﻣﺣﺑﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻠ ًﻣﺎ‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ -‬ﺇﻻ ﻭﻟﻠﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻗﺑﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻣﺩ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣ ٌﺩ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﻧّﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻧﻪ ﺃﻳﺿًﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﻟﻠﺩﻧﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻟﻌﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺑﺩﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻲ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ً‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼ ﻭﺍﻋﻳًﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻡ ﻳﻛﻥ ﻣﻘﻠﺩًﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﻳﻘﻑ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺣﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺣﺑﺎ ﷲُ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻓﻌ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﺹ؛ ﺑﻝ ﻧﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﻣﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺭﻩ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻣﺟﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺟﺭﻱ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻬﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺗﻬﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺑﺎﺋﻌﻬﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺭ ﻣﺫﻫﺑﻪ )ﺭﺣﻣﻪ ﷲ( ﺑﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ؛ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﺧﺗﻠﻔﺕ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻡ؛ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫****‬


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