Eumseung, the Global Local Town, Urban Regeneration Project
Yeonnam Co-living Resident
Yeonnam Coliving Residential Proposal
48 64
Myeunjung Elementary School
Myeunjung Elementary School Renovation Proposal
80
Entertainment Office
Hapjeong entertainment office Proposal
96
Yeondong Church
Jongno District, Seoul Regeneration Project
Fossil fuels have altered Earth’s atmosphere, creating unprecedented challenges. Current passive actions are insufficient to tackle climate change; active measures are needed. Carbon credits have made emission trading and capture technology profitable. The Samcheonpo power plant, once a major carbon emitter, has been transformed into an infrastructure that reverses emissions. This shift from Carbon to Green showcases the potential for positive change in the fight against climate change.
Green Mining: Carbon
Samcheonpo Power Plant Renovation Proposal
Climate Crisis
problem of the elephant in the room
“It was by far the warmest year on record. The global average temperature in 2023 was 1.45 ± 0.12 °C above the 1850–1900 average. Never have we been so close – albeit on a temporary basis – to the 1.5° C lower limit of the Paris Agreement on climate change.
The climate crisis is the defining challenge that humanity faces.
Heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires and intense tropical cyclones wreaked havoc on every continent and caused huge socio-economic losses. There were particularly devastating consequences for vulnerable populations who suffer disproportionate impacts.
Extreme climate conditions exacerbated humanitarian crises, with millions experiencing acute food insecurity and hundreds of thousands displaced from their homes.”
World Meteorological Organization
Secretary-General
Prof. Celeste Saulo
fig 1. time series of NOAA’s oceanic Niño index (a) 1950-1970 (b) 1970-1990 (c) 1990-2010 (d) 2010 - 2023
Time series of NOAA’s Oceanic Niño index from January 1950 to December 2023 showing the presence of cooler-then-average conditions and warmer-than-average conditions during 3-month average time periods. Anomalies are with respect to the 1991–2020 average sea-surface temperature.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are atmospheric gases that trap heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change. The main types of greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), fluorinated gases, and water vapor. CO2 is the most prevalent greenhouse gas emitted from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. Addressing the sources and mitigation of these greenhouse gases is crucial for combating climate change and reducing its impacts on ecosystems and human societies.
Demand for carbon credits is expected to rise, driven by regulatory requirements, corporate sustainability goals, and consumer preferences for environmentally responsible products and services. Additionally, advancements in carbon pricing mechanisms, such as cap-and-trade systems and carbon taxes, are likely to further stimulate demand for carbon credits as companies seek cost-effective ways to comply with regulations and offset their emissions.
The growing interest in sustainable finance and corporate social responsibility is expected to further support demand for carbon credits, particularly in voluntary markets. However, uncertainties remain regarding the pace of policy implementation, technological innovation, and market stability, which could influence carbon credit prices in the future.
fig 2. CO2 concentration (solid) & growth rate (dashed)
fig 3. world carbon credit trading volume (solid) & EU carbon credit price (dotted)
CO2
PROCESSOR
FUELS RAW MATERIALS
FERTILIZER
Carbon Capture and Utilization emerged as a response to the growing profit from the carbon credits.
Carbon capture and utilization is a climate change mitigation strategy that involves capturing CO2 emissions from industrial processes and converting them into valuable products. Unlike traditional carbon capture and storage (CCS), which focuses solely on storing CO2 underground, CCU transforms CO2 into useful materials such as chemicals, fuels, and building materials. By repurposing CO2 as a feedstock, CCU not only reduces emissions but also creates economic value, making it a promising solution for addressing climate change while promoting sustainable development.
Fuels have progressed from basic resources like wood and coal, which powered early heating and industrialization, to petroleum and natural gas, which revolutionized transportation and energy production in the 20th century. The rise of internal combustion engines cemented petroleum’s dominance, while natural gas gained traction for its efficiency and cleaner emissions. Nuclear energy emerged as a high-density, low-carbon alternative mid-century. Recently, growing climate concerns have driven the development of renewable fuels like biofuels, hydrogen, and synthetic options, alongside clean energy technologies, reflecting the ongoing shift toward sustainable energy solutions.
fig 8. facilities (a) coal (b) water & air (c) fly ash (d) road & buildings
fig 9. Samcheonpo thermal power plant layout
1. Air Inhaler Module
2. Fans
3. Air Slit
4. Air Pipe
A thermal power plant has undergone a remarkable transformation, finding new purpose beyond its original role of generating electricity. Once a symbol of fossil fuel dependence, it has been repurposed to align with sustainable energy initiatives. This shift may include serving as a hub for renewable energy storage, a facility for carbon capture and utilization, or even a site for producing green hydrogen. By adopting innovative technologies, the plant not only reduces its environmental impact but also contributes to the transition toward a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.
5. Air Filter
Processor
Mixer 8. Germination Lab
Storage
Toilet
Lobby
Elevator
Stair
Conveyor
1. Air Inhaler Module
2. Fans
3. Air Slit
4. Air Pipe
5. Air Filter 6. Processor
Mixer 8. Germination Lab
Storage
Toilet
Lobby
Conveyor
fig 10. image, stack - boiler - conveyor
fig 11. section, boiler
A former thermal power plant has been creatively renovated into a thriving plant nursery, symbolizing the shift from industrial utility to ecological restoration. Once a hub for burning fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gases, the facility now houses expansive greenhouses, vertical gardens, and seed propagation areas. The plant’s robust infrastructure, such as its cooling systems and spacious interiors, has been repurposed to regulate temperature and humidity for optimal plant growth. This transformation not only breathes new life into the once-polluting site but also serves as an inspiring model for sustainable reuse, blending environmental stewardship with innovative design.
fig 13. image, conveyor facility
fig 14. floor plan, turbine
fig 15. section, turbine
1. Conveyor 2. Escalator 3. Crane
Entrance
Storage
Visitor & Retail
Core
A former turbine facility has been transformed into a vibrant retail and visitor center, blending industrial heritage with modern functionality. Once a powerhouse of energy production, the site now features open-concept spaces showcasing its original machinery as part of the design, creating a unique industrial-chic aesthetic. Visitors can explore retail shops, cafes, and interactive exhibits that highlight the site’s history and its role in renewable energy education. The spacious turbine halls have been adapted for events, workshops, and community gatherings, breathing new life into the facility while preserving its legacy. This transformation serves as a testament to adaptive reuse and sustainable development.
fig 16. elevation, conveyor
8. Conveyor Facility
9. Stair
10. Corricor
11. Plant Conveyor
A towering silo, once used for fly-ash storage, has been ingeniously renovated into a greenhouse for sustainable plantation. Its vertical structure now houses tiered planting systems and hydroponic setups, optimizing space for growing a variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs. The silo’s robust design provides excellent insulation, while translucent panels and LED grow lights ensure plants receive ample light for photosynthesis. Rainwater harvesting systems and renewable energy installations further enhance its eco-friendly operation. This innovative transformation not only revitalizes an industrial relic but also contributes to local food production and environmental sustainability, showcasing the potential of adaptive reuse.
The silo greenhouse is a lush, vertical oasis, brimming with a diverse array of plants. Inside its towering structure, tiered planting systems and hydroponic setups support vibrant rows of leafy greens, colorful vegetables, aromatic herbs, and even exotic fruits. Climbing vines weave up the walls, while hanging baskets overflow with cascading flowers, creating a dynamic and layered ecosystem. The controlled environment, with optimized light, temperature, and humidity, allows for year-round cultivation of plants that would otherwise thrive in different climates. This unique blend of innovation and biodiversity turns the silo into a thriving green sanctuary, offering both beauty and sustainability.
Mugeuk-ri in Eumseong’s Geumwang-eup has long been the most bustling area in town. Among its neighborhoods, the Mugeuk Market stands out with a history stretching back many years. It has served not only as a place to buy and sell goods but also as a hub that attracts people, brings them together, and creates a space for gathering. However, due to population decline, urban shrinkage and the subsequent weakening of small towns, Mugeuk Market has also gradually been losing its vibrancy. Meanwhile, foreign laborors and their purchasing power are increasing, creating communities and bringing new source of vitality to the town.
Mugeuk Market
Eumseung, the Global Local Town, Urban Regeneration
Eumseung
City of diversity
Located in the northwestern part of Chungcheongbuk-do, this county borders Chungju to the east, Goesan and Jeungpyeong to the south, Jincheon to the southwest, and Anseong in Gyeonggi-do to the west. To the north, it is adjacent to Icheon and Yeoju, placing it at the northwesternmost edge of Chungcheongbuk-do.
fig 1. map of Geumwang-eup downtown, Eumsung-gun
Historically, the area referred to as “Eumseong” only encompassed the present-day Eumseong-eup and Wonnam-myeon regions, while the other towns and townships were part of Chungju’s territory. However, the six western towns and townships, excluding Soi-myeon, were collectively known as “Oeseo” or “Oeseochon.” Although original Eumseong was a subordinate region (sokhyeon) of Chungju during the Goryeo Dynasty, the Oeseo area was not entirely part of Chungju from the beginning. It is believed that these regions were originally designated as subordinate administrative divisions, such as hyeang, bugok, or so, and, unlike Eumseong, never developed into independent counties but were instead incorporated into Chungju’s jurisdiction.
The distance from Daesari, located in the northernmost part of Samseong-myeon, Eumseong County, to Gangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, is approximately 70 kilometers. Depending on traffic conditions, this journey takes between 50 minutes and 1.5 hour, making it the closest area to the Seoul metropolitan area within Chungcheongbuk-do.
Each town and township in the area has at least one agro-industrial or industrial complex. Proximity to the Seoul metropolitan area without being subject to its regulatory restrictions has led to the spread of factories across the region, resembling the outer metropolitan areas. This has likely contributed to a gradual increase in population. Similar trends can also be observed in nearby regions such as Jincheon and Cheongju. Additionally, as Cheongju, a major city, continues to expand, stricter factory regulations there have further influenced this development. Successive county governors have also actively promoted the establishment of industrial complexes, which has played a significant role.
Meanwhile, as the number of factories increases, the influx of foreign workers has remained steady, with the foreign population accounting for over 15% of the total in 2023, the highest proportion in the country.
Just like other cities, Eumseung is experiencing a significant demographic shift marked by a declining population and an aging society. The birth rate has plummeted in recent years, this decline is attributed to factors such as delayed marriages, financial instability, and high living costs. As a result, the working-age population is shrinking, while the elderly population continues to grow. The proportion of elderly population in Eumseung has shown a continuous increase, with 22.5% in 2021, 23.7% in 2022, and 25% in 2023.
Eumseong’s population growth is driven by foreign residents. The population, which was 101,809 in 2022, increased slightly to 103,173 last year, and as of the end of last month, it reached 103,860. During this period, the number of Korean nationals decreased by 1,839, from 92,058 to 90,219, while the number of foreign residents increased by 3,890, from 9,751 to 13,641.
fig 3. estimation on perforation in downtwon area
fig 4. photo, 2023
2023
2043
2033
2053
There are two main roads that goes through the downtown of Geumwang, Daeguem-ro and Mugeuk-ro. Since they were formed in different ages(shown in fig2), the two main roads in this area has distinguishable characteristics.
Mugeuk-ro is a pedestrian-oriented road, four-lane road with a width of approximately 12.5 meters. On both sides of the road, there are primarily low-rise buildings designated for commercial use, arranged in a linear fashion. There are one to two crosswalks per block along Mugeuk-ro, and the size of the blocks is smaller compared to Daegum-ro.
n contrast, Daegum-ro is vehicle-oriented road, four-lane road with a width of approximately 18 meters. On both sides of the road, there are primarily high-rise apartment buildings for residential use, located behind soundproof walls, with newly constructed complexes also present. There are zero to one crosswalks per block along Daegum-ro, and the size of the blocks is larger compared to Mugeuk-ro.
fig 5. figure and ground, (a) Muguek-ro (b) Daeguem-ro
Guidelines for Regeneration
A plan based on time that responds to the growth and decline of the city
A proposal for an urban model that is in contrast to the main road-axis urban form
A proposal for an urban model that reverses the order of urban planning and architectural planning
A proposal for an intermediate-density, rural-urban mixed urban model that coexists with agriculture
Establishment of an architectural plan considering the exclusive use of parking spaces
fig 8. site map, (a) site boundary (b) foreigner facilities (c) lot type
The origins of Mugeuk Market date back to as early as 1770. Over the years, it has continued to grow and evolve, maintaining its traditional market charm. The market became especially lively with the establishment of Mugeukjang in Mugeuk-ri, once home to Korea’s largest gold mine. The bustling activity around the mine helped the market grow into a large-scale operation. Mugeuk Market is the most developed and bustling traditional market in Eumseong, with the highest foot traffic. In 2005, the market underwent an environmental improvement project, completing the construction of an arcade, transforming it into a modern facility. Over a decade has passed since this modernization.
fig 9. photos, Mugeuk market and its neighborhood
This site is the location of the former bus terminal. It is presumed that foreigners, upon their initial arrival, stayed for a short period in local accommodations, leading to the development of lodging facilities and other foreigner-related amenities in the area.
Mugeuk-ro has traditionally been developed as a city center primarily catering to locals. However, under the urban revitalization plan, Yongcheonseo-gil 27-gil and Geumseok-ro 75-gil are being developed as urban areas centered around foreign residents. Since Mugeuk Market lies between these two roads, it is expected to embody a mix of both foreign and local characteristics.
To foster interaction among foreigners as well as between locals and foreigners, short-term housing for foreign residents, a commercial district concentrated on foreign-oriented businesses, and a public plaza for community gatherings have been established. These efforts aim to enhance cultural and social exchanges within the community.
fig 10. mass development by time (a)
fig 11. plot plan, Muguek market
Mugeuk Market has experienced a remarkable resurgence in vibrancy with the establishment of foreign residential areas in its vicinity. The arrival of foreign residents has not only breathed new life into the market but also transformed it into a bustling center where diverse cultures and businesses coexist harmoniously. Vendors have adapted to meet the needs of a broader customer base, offering products and services that appeal to both local residents and foreign visitors. This shift has created a lively, inclusive atmosphere, attracting people from all walks of life to engage in commerce and cultural exchange.
As the market has grown, it has become more than just a place for transactions—it now serves as a vibrant hub for the community. Events, gatherings, and informal interactions at the market foster understanding and camaraderie among the diverse population, bridging cultural gaps and fostering a unique sense of unity. The dynamic interplay of cultures and the blend of traditional and modern elements have turned Mugeuk Market into a model of community-driven revitalization. This transformation not only highlights the market’s adaptability and resilience but also ensures its continued relevance as a center of trade, interaction, and cultural fusion in the region.
fig 12. floor plan, 2
fig 13. floor plan, 3
The use of barrel vault structures played a crucial role in the market’s expansion and redevelopment. These structures not only provided scalability and structural stability but also addressed cost concerns, making the project economically viable. The design’s flexibility allowed for the creation of a modern yet functional space, enabling the market to accommodate more vendors and visitors. This innovative approach has ensured that Mugeuk Market continues to grow and adapt, maintaining its historical significance while embracing a vibrant, multicultural future.
fig 15. section b
fig 14. section a
fig 16. model
fig 17. model
Mother is an elementary school teacher in Suwon, Gyungi-do. She comes home after work, where her dog is waiting. She spends time with the dog on weekdays, sometimes she plays piano, draw some painting, etc. Father works at Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do. He comes home on weekends.
Daughter attends to an university in New York, United States. She comes home on vacations, summer and winter. Son attends to an university in Seoul. He comes home on vacations and weekends when no tests or assignment is due.
Co-living Resident
Yeonnam Coliving Residential Proposal
Yeonnam
living dining kitchen, 2020
house, 2020
House
house of a middle-class family
In the rapid development of Korea, an 89m² sized house with three rooms has become the standard housing for the middle class. This design reflects a practical balance between affordability and functionality, catering to the needs of typical nuclear families. The layout, often featuring a living room, kitchen, and two bedrooms alongside a master suite, provides a compact yet efficient living space. These homes are commonly found in high-rise apartment complexes, which dominate urban landscapes and symbolize Korea’s modernization and economic growth. Their prevalence stems from government-led housing policies during periods of urban expansion, aiming to meet the demands of rapidly increasing city populations. Today, they remain a cultural benchmark of comfortable living, representing aspirations for stability and familial togetherness in a fast-paced society.
fig 1. house, 2020
nuclear family
“A nuclear family is a household structure consisting of two parents and their children living together as a single unit, often viewed as a cornerstone of modern social organization. This model has become prevalent in industrialized societies due to urbanization, economic shifts, and cultural changes that prioritize smaller, self-contained households. It offers benefits such as privacy and financial independence, but also comes with challenges, including reduced familial support networks and greater reliance on external childcare or elder care services. As societies evolve, the nuclear family continues to adapt, reflecting diverse cultural and economic contexts while maintaining its significance in shaping social dynamics.”
The above shows the room occupation in different seasons and time.
(a) occupations on weekdays, when the mother is home alone. She works during the office hours, 9-17. (b) occupations on weekends, when the father returns home from the house provided by the company. He stays at the house near work during the weekdays, where commuting hours takes much shorter.
(c) occupations on some weekends, when the son returns home from the house near his school at Seoul. He stays at one-room house near his university, attends to school on weekdays. Exam periods and assignments prevent him often from returning home on weekends.
(d) occupations on vacations, when the daughter returns home from abroad. She is studying abroad, stays at the house near her university. On vacations, both summer and winter, she returns home and spend time at her home.
Urbanization and extremely centralized populations of Korea have led to the phenomenon showing above, leading to low occupancies on most of the time in one’s own homes.
fig 2. maximum room occupations, 0 - 24 hr
3. conceptual plan, floors and sections
The concept revolves around the idea of a flexible floor plan, discussing the use of cranes to move and rearrange furniture and make use of empty rooms. This approach allows for dynamic spatial configurations, enabling users to adapt their living or working environments according to their needs. By utilizing cranes, even heavy or cumbersome furniture can be repositioned easily, offering a practical solution for maximizing space efficiency and functionality. The ability to repurpose spaces provides endless possibilities for customization, catering to changing lifestyles, seasonal needs, or even temporary functions, such as hosting events or accommodating guests.
fig
fig 4. photo, apartments
fig 5. site plan, Yeonnam district
A home that reflects a new way of living, a space that allows people who live apart due to studies, work, or other activities to gather on weekends, during vacations, or holidays. The idea was to create a versatile space for different uses. This diversity varies depending on the number of people using the space and the difference in programs, considering experimental designs that reflect the changes in space according to these factors. The users of the space can alter the floor plan and elevations based on predefined modules. By using these fixed modules, the home can be transformed like machinery.
fig 6. mass development
fig 7. isometric, exploded
fig 8. section, serving zone
fig 9. section, served zone
fig 10. isometric, splitted
fig 12. commercial, floor b1 & 1
fig 14. residential, floor
In respect to inner mechanism, facade is made to a module that could be modified in different ways. The slidable wooden louver works as a shade, could be open fully or could be closed fully for privacy from the outside. The facade outside reflects the inner program, user could modify its facade on public programs and private programs.
The slider attached to the side of the louver module makes it possible to modify the facade. The top module and the bottom module interlocks with each other, top module fills the bottom louver, making solid block from the outside.
fig 17. bay study
fig 16. facade detail
In the transition to a digital-based society and the acceleration of the 4th Industrial Revolution, customized education to support creativity and the individual growth of learners is being emphasized due to the increasing uncertainty of future societies. The curriculum is designed to respond to societal changes and adapt flexibly to future needs, focusing on the core competencies required for future society, fostering basic literacy in the humanities, social sciences, and technology, operating common subjects, and aiming for student-centered education. Furthermore, to cultivate creative and convergent talent suitable for the future, the expansion of digital-based educational environments is being promoted, emphasizing personalized education that supports the growth of each student, and helping them develop the ability to respond flexibly to changes.
Myeunjung Elementary School
Myeunjung Elementary School Renovation Proposal
Myunjeong Jungnang-gu, Seoul
Myeonjung Elementary School is located in a mountainous area, with Yongmasan and Mangusan mountains behind it. To the west, residential complexes are formed, while to the east, more mountainous terrain exists. There is a single entrance with a steep slope, and the surrounding area is part of a school district. The school is situated between the urban area and green spaces.
The site exists between the urban area and green spaces, offering a location that can be interpreted in various ways. Currently, Myeonjung Elementary School does not fully utilize the characteristics of the site and shows a gesture of disconnection from the green space. Additionally, due to the site’s topography, a passive solution was implemented, where a stone wall was built to resolve the slope, which disconnects the green space, and a single passage was created.
fig 1. map, Jungnang-gu, Seoul
Green·Smart·Future School
Creation of spaces for diverse learning and interdisciplinary experiences (flexible spaces, creative convergence spaces, small-scale spaces)
Creation of spaces for student relaxation and communication (interactive communication spaces, ensuring openness)
Space Innovation
Establishment of a digital-based smart learning environment (wireless internet, individual devices, teaching equipment, platforms)
Creating an environment for establishing a smart school management system
fig 2. area volume, suggested by the ministry of education
Carbon-Neutral Zero-Energy School
A healthy ecological school that integrates learning and relaxation
Establishing schools as spaces for environmental and ecological education
Development of school complex facilities for regional coexistence (shared facilities, block-style school facilities)
Introducing efficient management methods and diversifying community programs (village education communities, online joint education programs, etc.)
Smart Classrooms Green School Complexed School
3. education objectives, suggested by the ministry of education
The transition to a future school is achievable through the participation of all members, and it goes beyond the creation of new learning environments. It includes changes in the members and the strengthening of their capabilities, which drive the transformation of education. The key elements required in a future school are shown as above.
fig
category
address
zoning district area
road status
building area
SUMMARY
EXTERIOR FINISH
PARKING SUMMARY
ENV. SUMMARY
gross floor area(gfa) far
building coverage ratio(bcr)
structure No. of floors
building height
Wooden panel, pair glass
total 104 planned
design details
43 Yongmasan-ro 70, Jungnan-gu, Seoul
Green Conservation Area, Class I General Residential Area, School
Entertainment industry has been through rapid change with the advent of the new communication technology. The legacy media have been replaced by the new media, facebook, youtube, netflix, twitch, and more. New media platforms have brought significant changes to the entertainment industry. In accordance to the changes of entertainment industry, new type of office is proposed to maximize the possible opportunities for the future.
Hapjeong Entertainment Office Proposal
Hapjeong place of the young populations
Hapjeong-dong in Mapo-gu, Seoul, is strategically located with excellent transportation connectivity, making it a vital hub for the broadcasting and media industries. Its proximity to the Digital Media City (DMC), a center for media and entertainment companies, as well as to Yeouido, home to major broadcasting stations, highlights its significance in the industry. Hapjeong Station, serving both Lines 2 and 6 of the Seoul Metro, offers seamless access to key locations across the city. Additionally, the neighborhood is well-connected to Incheon International Airport via nearby express bus terminals and direct subway links, further facilitating the movement of media professionals and global visitors. This accessibility strengthens Hapjeong-dong’s role as a pivotal location for the broadcasting sector.
fig 1. map, Hapjeong-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul
fig 2. Hapjeong-dong, (a) site (b) floor height (c) landmarks
Media Industry
“Whoever controls the media, controls the mind.”
The media holds immense power in shaping society, influencing public opinion, and driving social, political, and cultural change. It acts as a bridge between the world and its people, providing a platform for information, entertainment, and communication. By determining which stories are told and how they are presented, the media can amplify voices, spotlight critical issues, and inspire action. From breaking news to viral social media trends, its influence is far-reaching, touching every aspect of modern life.
Legacy media and new media differ in their approach to content production, distribution, and audience engagement. Legacy media, which includes traditional platforms like newspapers, television, and radio, operates within a centralized framework. Professional journalists and editors curate content, ensuring accuracy and maintaining authority over the narratives presented. However, this model often delivers information in a one-way format, with audiences passively consuming content as it is broadcast or published. While legacy media is trusted for its editorial standards, it is slower to adapt to the fast pace of real-time events due to its structured processes. In contrast, new media has revolutionized the media landscape by leveraging digital platforms like social media, blogs, and streaming services. It democratizes content creation, enabling anyone with internet access to share and consume information without relying on traditional gatekeepers. Unlike legacy media’s static approach, new media thrives on interactivity, allowing audiences to comment, share, and directly engage with creators. This fosters a more participatory and personalized experience, as algorithms curate
fig 3. media industry
Artist / Entertainer
Entertainment (Management / Agency)
Media (Platforms) Legacy Media (Producers)
content to match individual preferences. New media also excels in speed, providing instant updates on breaking news, though this immediacy can sometimes lead to the spread of misinformation. The business models of the two media types further highlight their differences. Legacy media traditionally relies on advertising, subscriptions, and syndication, maintaining a steady but often declining revenue stream in the face of digital disruption. New media, on the other hand, embraces ad-driven models, platform economies, and direct monetization methods like influencer partnerships and subscription services on platforms like YouTube or Patreon. This shift has empowered independent creators and diversified the sources of content available to audiences. Together, legacy and new media play distinct yet complementary roles, with new media continuously reshaping how society interacts with information.
fig 4. program suggestion
The rise of new media platforms has transformed how content is created, shared, and consumed, marking a shift from centralized, one-way communication to decentralized and interactive engagement. Platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok have democratized content creation, enabling individuals and small creators to reach global audiences without traditional gatekeepers. Social media channels facilitate real-time sharing and community interaction, making information more accessible and personalized. This evolution has disrupted traditional media models, fostering new business opportunities through ad revenue, influencer marketing, and subscription-based monetization. However, it also brings challenges such as misinformation, algorithmic biases, and content saturation, requiring users and creators to navigate this digital landscape responsibly. Entertainment(Platform)
fig 5. mass development, left-right, top-down
fig 6. section
fig 7. floor plan, 1
fig 9. floor plan, standard office
fig 10. floor plan, 4
fig 11. floor plan,
fig 13. bay study
fig 13. image, bay detail
An Architectural Proposal for
the Healthy Continuation of a Developed City
The rapid urbanization of Seoul, a major metropolis, has been primarily driven by development-oriented logic since the Korean War and continues to this day. Despite the peak of urbanization passing in the 2000s, urban regeneration projects have increased but have proven largely ineffective. This proposal emphasizes selective preservation and renewal of existing urban structures to revitalize the city center. It calls for a multifaceted reevaluation of the tangible and intangible asset values within the current urban framework, advocating for a development strategy that incorporates selective preservation, expansion, reconstruction, and redevelopment.
Yeondong Church Jongno District, Seoul Rehabilitation Project
Jongno place
of the old and new
Jongno-gu has traditionally been the commercial center of Seoul and serves as a historic urban core, encompassing an area of approximately 24km2. It is home to numerous historical palaces, including Gyeongbokgung and Jongmyo. While areas like Gahoe-dong are densely populated with traditional hanok houses, Jongno and Sejongno feature modern high-rise buildings and commercial complexes, creating a region where tradition and modernity coexist.
fig 1. map, Jongno-gu, Seoul
As is shown in fig 2, Jongno-gu serves as a living testament to Korea’s rich historical and cultural heritage. As the traditional center of governance during the Joseon Dynasty, it houses iconic landmarks such as Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, and Jongmyo Shrine, which reflect its historical significance.
Also, it played a pivotal role in Korea’s modern history, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The district witnessed significant events, including the signing of treaties, the rise of independence movements, and the introduction of modern education and media. Landmarks such as the Independence Gate and Tapgol Park stand as reminders of Korea’s struggle for sovereignty during the Japanese colonial era. Jongno-gu also became a hub for early modernization, with the establishment of banks, theaters, and newspapers that signified Korea’s transition into a modern society. Its streets are steeped in history, reflecting a turbulent yet transformative era in the nation’s journey.
fig 2. historic event timeline, from Joseon Dynasty
4. conceptual diagram
fig 3. site map, Jongno-gu, Seoul (a) cultural heritage (b) commercial (c) educational
fig
The Yeonji and Hyoje neighborhoods, located east of Changdeokgung Palace and Jongmyo Shrine, were historically part of the “Eastern Village” (Dongchon) extending to Naksan Ridge. During the Joseon Dynasty, this area, though within the walled city of Hanyang, offered a tranquil escape from the bustling city center, with its proximity to royal palaces, government offices, and markets. The neighborhood housed Eouigung, a royal villa used for ceremonies, and nearby, a community known as “Myeongin Village” was established by Chinese migrants loyal to the Ming Dynasty.
In the early 20th century, with the decline of Eouigung’s royal functions, the area saw the arrival of the Northern Presbyterian Mission, relocating from Jeong-dong. This marked the start of a vibrant Christian culture in the region. Institutions like Yeondong Church (1894), Jeongsin Girls’ School (1895), and Kyungshin School (1901) were established, alongside missionary residences, forming a “missionary village.” The area also became a hub for modern education with the introduction of practical schools such as the Kyungshin School’s handicrafts department and industrial training programs, earning the title of a “hill of new culture.”
After Korea’s liberation and into the 1970s, the Northern Presbyterian mission base dissolved, making way for the Korean Christian Building. Yeondong Church and its surroundings became a focal point for the democratization movement during the authoritarian Yushin regime. The relocation of Jeongsin Girls’ Middle and High School and the expansion of roads during this period transformed the landscape. Nevertheless, the memory of the area’s layered history remains embedded in Yeondong Church, the narrow alleys, place names, and the architectural styles of different eras.
fig 5. site map, (a) Sebrance Hall (b) Yeojeondo Hall (c) Koreah Missionary 100th Aniversary Memorial (d) Yeondong Church
