Master_Year 1 Sem 2_Environment & Technology II

PROJECT 1 FACADE GIZMO OPTIMAL PROPOSAL

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY II (ARC 71003)

SZE YOONG SHERN 0326771

PROJECT 2 SERVICE CORE OPTIMAL PROPOSAL

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY II (ARC 71003)

SZE YOONG SHERN 0326771

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Project Introduction 2.0 Site Introduction 3.0 Site Analysis 3.1 Sun Path Analysis 3.2 Shadow Study 3.3 Wind Direction, Speed & Wind Rose 3.4 Rainfall, Temperature & Humidity

4.0 Building Introduction 4.1 Building Information & Floor Plans 4.2 Purpose Group 4.3 Occupancy Load & Capacity Exits

5.0 Passive Fire Protection 5.1 Fire Appliance Access 5.1.1 Perimeter Appliance Access 5.1.2 Hydrant Location 5.2 Means of Escape 5.2.1 Measurement of Travel Distance 5.2.2 Escape Provision Computation

6.0 Active FireProtection 6.1 Analysis of Placement of Main Core and Fire Escape 6.2 Location of Service Core 6.3 Analysis & Options of Core Configuration (Design) 6.4 Components & Details of Main Service Core 6.5 Fire Extinguishing, Fire Alarm System & Fire Detection

7.0 References

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1.0 PROJECT INTRODUCTION The module emphasizes the role of building technology and sustainability in architectural design through an analysis and evaluation of a complex building or group of buildings. It addresses architecture as an integration of the environment, technology and building. These three factors are considered as holistic components of architectural design, which may be critically assessed with theories. Specific topics of environment and technology are isolated out for investigation. The module equips students with knowledge of building science and skills in the use of information and digital technology to inform design and to support the design resolution of students’ Architectural Design Thesis, particularly with respect to architectonic and technological aspects.

This project is an integrated project with the Urban Design Studio. The objective of this study is to identify the issues associated with visual, thermal and site environmental matter as well as analyze and propose service core that comply with necessary standards and regulations with following considerations: (a) Specification of the appropriate choice of orientation and components with basic understanding of their requirements, characteristics and environmental impact. (b) Analyze the series of configured options. (c) Identify the optimal options. (d) Incorporate the necessary statutory requirements.

The assessment of this project will be based on the following: (a) Understanding of the analysis, space planning, application of services. (b) Quality of drawings, diagrams and images with correct drawing conventions (c) Clarity of specification of all components studied in the exercise, both in illustration and description. (d) Report presentation layout of handbook.

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2.0 SITE INTRODUCTION

Figure 2.1 Site Plan (NTS)

Located right in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, Kampung Baru is a top-down initiative from its beginning. This means that the establishment and development of Kampong Baru had been "planned" from the beginning, although the plan was refined over time. The story of Kampong Bharu begins in the early 1900s. His Royal Highness, the Sultan of Selangor, granted the land to the Malays under a special condition that only the Malays could own the land and reside in the area.

Kampung Bharu consists of 7 villages and with the land size of 220 acres. The Malay Agricultural Settlement (MAS) was introduced by the British later on so as to educate the children of Malays to take a part in the administration and to enable them to reap some of the advantages of the present prosperity. Since then Kampung Baru has held out against development and modern-city living, turning into a political symbol of Malay culture.

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Figure 2.2 Figure Ground (NTS)

Kampung Bharu located in Kuala Lumpur city area. The buildings in Kampung Bharu remains at its low rise traditional state while surrounding city context have developed into high rise.

Hence, Kampung Bharu shows significant contrast with surrounding.

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3.0 SITE ANALYSIS 3.1 Sun Path Analysis

Figure 3.1.2 21st March/September (Equinox)

Figure 3.1.2 Sun Position (Equinox)

Equinox happen twice a year in Malaysia which is on 21st March and 21st September .The temperature will increase slightly due to the sun is positioned at the top of the equatorial region.

Figure 3.1.3 21st June (Summer Solstice)

Figure 3.1.4 Sun Position (Summer Solstice)

Malaysia is located slightly above the equator line and the sun is further North in the month of June during the Summer Solstice. The Summer Solstice signifies the longest day of the year.

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Figure 3.1.5 21st December (Winter Solstice)

Figure 3.1.6 Sun Position (Winter Solstice)

The sun is further South in the month of December during WInter Solstice in Malaysia. The Winter Solstice signifies the shortest day of the year.

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3.2 Shadow Study North and East faces of the site exposed to sunlight during the morning of the Summer Solstice. The site does not receive any shadow coverage due to the adjacent massing mostly is low-rise buildings.

Figure 3.2.1 Summer Solstice (10am)

There are no shadow received on site due to the position of sun is high above during the afternoon of the Summer Solstice.

Figure 3.2.2 Summer Solstice (12pm)

The site also does not receive any shadow coverage from the adjacent massing during the evening sun of the Summer Solstice.

Figure 3.2.3 Summer Solstice (6pm) 8

East and South faces of the site exposed to sunlight during the morning of the Winter Solstice. The site does not receive any shadow coverage due to the adjacent massing mostly is low-rise buildings.

Figure 3.2.4 Winter Solstice (10am)

There are no shadow received on site due to the position of sun is high above during the afternoon of the Winter Solstice.

Figure 3.2.5 Winter Solstice (12pm)

The site receives approximately 70% shadow coverage from the residential high-rise building during the evening sun of the Winter Solstice.

Figure 3.2.6 Winter Solstice (6pm)

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3.3 Wind Direction, Speed & Wind Rose

Figure 3.3.1 Malaysia Standard on Air Speed and Occupant Sensation The Malaysian Standard (MS 1525;2014) provides a guide on the impact of air speed on occupant's sensation. The air speed of 0.5 to 1.0 m/s is generally pleasant when comfortable or warm but causing constant awareness of air movement while the air speed of 1.0 to 1.5 m/s is acceptable in warm conditions but can be from slightly to annoyingly draughty. Thus, the air speed from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s is considered acceptable.

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Figure 3.3.2 Wind Rose

Figure 3.3.4 Average Wind Speed

Figure 3.3.3 Wind Speed

Figure 3.3.5 Wind Direction

The average hourly wind speed in Kuala Lumpur experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for 2.9 months, from December 2 to February 26, with average wind speeds of more than 1.8 meters per second. The windiest day of the year is January 21, with an average hourly wind speed of 2.1 meters per second.

The calmer time of year lasts for 9.2 months, from February 26 to December 2. The calmest day of the year is April 15, with an average hourly wind speed of 1.5 meters per second.

The wind is most often from the east for 3.4 months, from January 1 to April 12, with a peak percentage of 53% on January 29. The wind is most often from the west for 3.4 weeks, from April 12 to May 6 and for 2.0 months, from September 23 to November 22, with a peak percentage of 45% on October 19. The wind is most often from the south for 4.6 months, from May 6 to September 23, with a peak percentage of 67% on July 21.

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3.4 Rainfall, Temperature & Humidity

Figure 3.4.1 Average Monthly Rainfall The table above shows that the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Kuala Lumpur experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around November 14, with an average total accumulation of 271 millimeters. The least rain falls around June 25, with an average total accumulation of 112 millimeters.

Figure 3.4.2 Daily Chance of Precipitation The chance of wet days in Kuala Lumpur varies significantly throughout the year. The wetter season lasts 6.8 months, from September 30 to April 25, with a greater than 47% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 63% on November 14. The drier season lasts 5.2 months, from April 25 to September 30. The smallest chance of a wet day is 31% on June 20. The most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 63% on November 14.

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Figure 3.4.3 Average High and Low Temperature The hot season lasts for 3.3 months, from February 13 to May 23, with an average daily high temperature above 33°C. The hottest day of the year is March 14, with an average high of 33°C and low of 24°C. The cool season lasts for 2.0 months, from November 3 to January 5, with an average daily high temperature below 32°C. The coldest day of the year is January 18, with an average low of 23°C and high of 32°C.

Figure 3.4.4 Cloud Cover Categories The average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year. The clearer part of the year in Kuala Lumpur begins around December 26 and lasts for 3.0 months, ending around March 24. On February 20, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 26% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 74% of the time. The cloudier part of the year begins around March 24 and lasts for 9.0 months, ending around December 26. On May 11, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 91% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 9% of the time.

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Figure 3.4.5 Average Hourly Temperature The figure above shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

Figure 3.4.6 Humidity Comfort Levels The perceived humidity level in Kuala Lumpur, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year.

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4.0 BUILDING INTRODUCTION The Urban Design Studio is to propose a city vocational college, situated on a 2.19 acres of land beside the Sultan Sulaiman Club in Kampong Bharu and across Jalan Datuk Abdul Razak, Jalan Raja Abdullah and Jalan Dewan Sultan Sulaiman.

4.1 Building Information & Floor Plans Hospitality and Tourism Vocational College building is to connect between community, public and tourist. The public area act as a “third place” which was designed to promote the walkability in between the building massing and attract community, public and tourist. The design intention of the building is to design a college that will promote sense of community by providing opportunities for student to interact with the local or visitor and learn from the environment.

The proposed college is a four-storey building with one basement car park. The gross area of the building is approximately 6000 m2. The building consists various spaces for community, tourist, public and student that used to fulfil the design intension and strategy. The ground floor is a public floor - “third place”. It consists of street park, green area, community canteen, event hall, market area, community technology lab, traditional shops and student and community lounge. The first floor is a combination of semi-public and private space that consists of community classroom or event space, lab, student facilities and lecturer office.

The second and third floors are the private learning spaces for student and lecturer.

Figure 4.1.1 Image of Proposed College

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4.2 Purpose Group According to the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984’s Fifth Schedule, “Designation of Purpose Groups”, proposed Hospitality and Tourism Vocational College’s spaces falls under the purpose group of “Institutional” and “Place of Assembly”.

Number of Purpose Group II

Descriptive Title Purpose for which compartment is intended to be used

Institutional

Hospital, school, or other similar establishment used as living, accommodation for, or for treatment, care or maintenance of, persons suffering from disabilities due to illness or old age or other physical or mental disability or under the age of 5 years, where such persons sleep in premises.

IV

Office

Office, or premises used for office purposes, meaning thereby the purposes of administration, clerical work (including writing, book-keeping, sorting papers, filing, typing, duplicating, machine-calculating, drawing and the editorial preparation of matter for publication), handling money and telephone and telegraph operating.

V

Shop

Shop, or shop premises, meaning thereby premises not being a shop but used for the carrying on there of retail trade or business (including the sale to members of the public of food or drink for immediate consumption, retail sales by auction, the business of leading books or periodicals for the purpose of gain, and the business of a barber or hairdresser) and premises to which members of the public are invited to resort for the purpose of delivering their goods for repair or other treatment or of themselves carrying out repairs to or other treatment of goods

VII

Place of assembly

Place, whether public or private, used for the attendance of persons for or in connection with their social, recreational, educational, business, or other activities, and not comprised within group I to VI

Table 4.2.1 Designated of Purpose Groups According to Fifth Schedule

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By-law Clause 134 - Designation of purpose groups For the purpose of this Part, every building or compartment shall be regarded according to its use or intended use as falling within one of the purpose groups set out in the Fifth Schedule to these By-laws and, where a building is divided into compartments, used or intended to be used for different purposes, the purpose group of each compartment shall be determined separately: Provided that where the whole or part of a building or compartment, as the case may be, is used or intended to be used for more than one purpose, only the main purpose of use of that building or compartment shall be taken into account in determining into which purpose group it falls.

By-law Clause 138 - Other walls and floors to be constructed as compartment walls or compartment floors.

The following walls and floors in buildings shall be constructed as compartment walls or compartment floors: (a) any floor in a building of Purpose Group II (Institutional); (b) any wall or floor separating a flat or maisonette from any other part of the same building; (c) any wall or floor separating part of a building from any other part of the same building which is used or intended to be used mainly for a purpose falling within a different purpose group as set out in the Fifth Schedule to these By-laws; and (d) any floor immediately over a basement storey if such basement storey has an area exceeding 100 square metres By-law Clause 179 - Classification of places of assembly Each place of assembly shall be classified according to its capacity as follows: Class A – Capacity … 1,000 persons or more Class B – Capacity … 300 to 1,000 persons Class C – Capacity … 100 to 300 persons

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4.3 Occupancy Load & Capacity Exits According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 Seventh Schedule, the calculation of occupancy load and capacity of exits for (II) Institutional, (IV) Office, (V) Shop and (VII) Place of assembly purpose group are as follows: Purpose Group Occupant Capacity Exits load No. of persons per unit – Exit Width square Doors Horizon- Ramp Ramp Escalator Stairs metre per outside tal Exit Main Sec Exit Exit II. Institutional 100 100 100 60 60 Class-room Area…

2 net Workshop and Vocational areas…

4.5 net Day Nurseries with sleeping facilities…

3.5 net Hospital … …

30 30 30 30 22 Sleeping Department 12 Gross In-patient Department ………

24 Gross

IV. Office … … …

V. Shop … … …

Street floor and sale basement… …

Other floors … … …

10 Gross (4) -

100

100

100

60

60

60

100

100

100

60

60

60

3 gross (4) 6 gross (4) 10 gross

Storage and shipping VII. Place of 1.5 net 100 100 100 75 75 75 Assembly Areas of concentrated use without fixed seating … …

0.7 net Standing space …

0.3 net Table 4.3.1 Calculation of Occupant Load and Capacity of Exits according to Seventh Schedule 23

By-law Clause 167 - Storey exits (2) The width of storey exits shall be in accordance with the provisions in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws

By-law Clause 168 - Staircases (2) Staircases shall be of such width that in the event of any one staircase not being available for escape purposes the remaining staircases shall accommodate the highest occupancy load of any one floor discharging into it calculated in accordance with provisions in the Seventh schedule to these By-laws.

By-law Clause 170 - Egress through unenclosed openings Where unenclosed openings are permitted between floors and for a mezzanine floor, egress may be by way of an open staircase to an adjacent floor and thence to a story exit: (b) The travel distances specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws are not exceeded (c) Only 50% of the occupants of a floor are assumed to use the open staircase and storey exits are provided at every level to accommodate the other 50% of the occupants of that level in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule to these by-laws.

By-law Clause 171 - Horizontal exits (1) Where appropriate, horizontal exits may be provided in lieu of other exits.

(2) Where horizontal exits are provided protected staircases and final exits need only be of a width to accommodate the occupancy load of the larger compartment or building discharging into it so long as the total number of exit widths provided is not reduced to less than half that would otherwise be required for the whole building.

(3) For institutional occupancies the total exit capacity other than horizontal exits shall not be reduced by more than one-third that would otherwise be required for the entire area of the building.

By-law Clause 175 - Calculation of occupant load Calculation of occupancy loads and capacity of exits shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws.

By-law Clause 180 – Space standards for calculating occupancy loads The occupancy load permitted in any place of assembly shall be determined by dividing the net floor area or space assigned to the use by the square metre per occupant as follows: (a) Assembly area of concentrated use without fixed seats such as an auditorium, places of worship, dance floor and lodge room – 0.65 square metre per person; (b) Assembly area of less concentrated use such as a conference room, drinking room, drinking establishment, exhibit room, gymnasium, or lounge – 1.35 square metre per person; 24

(c) Standing room or waiting space – 3 square metres per person; (d) The occupancy load of an area having fixed seats shall be determined by the number or fixed seats installed. Required aisle space serving the fixed seat shall not be used to increase the occupant load.

By-law Clause 183 - Exit details for places of assembly Every place of assembly, every tier or balcony and every individual room used as a place of assembly shall have exits sufficient to provide for the total capacity thereof as determined in accordance with by-law 180 and as follows: (a) No individual unit of exit width shall serve more than one hundred persons; (b) Doors leading outside the building at ground level or not more than three risers above or below ground one hundred persons per exit unit; (c) Staircases or other types of exit not specified in by-law 177 above seventy-five persons per exit unit; (d) Every Class A place of assembly (capacity one thousand persons or more) shall have at least four separate exits as remote from each other as practicable; (e) Every Class B place of assembly (capacity three hundred to one thousand persons) shall have at least two separate exits as remote from each other as practicable, and if of a capacity of over six hundred at least three such exits; (f) Every Class C place of assembly (capacity one hundred to three hundred persons) shall have at least two means of exit, consisting of separate exits or doors leading to a corridor or other space giving access to separate exists in different directions.

By-law Clause 186 - Exit doors in places of assembly (1) All doors used by the public as exit door from any part of the place of assembly or leading to the open air, shall be open only in the direction of the exit.

(2) In a place of assembly all exit doors and doors through which the public pass on the way to the open air shall be without lock, bolts or other fastenings while the public are in the building: Provided that doors used for exit only may be fitted with panic bolts.

(3) Panic bolts fitted to doors in a place of assembly shall be not less than 750 millimetres or more than 1100 millimetres above the floor.

(4) Turnstiles, if installed in a place of assembly, shall be arranged clear of the line of exit, and shall not be included in the calculation of exit width.

(5) In a place of assembly every external door used by the public and every collapsible gate shall be capable of being locked in the fully open position in such a way that a key is required to release such door or gate from such open position.

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5.0 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION 5.1 Fire Appliance Access 5.1.1 Perimeter Appliance Access The fire appliance access is based on the following By-laws: By-law Clause 186 - Exit doors in places of assembly All building in excess of 7000 cubic metres shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less than 12 metres width and accessible to fire brigade appliances. The proportion of the building abutting the street, road or open space shall be in accordance with the following scale: Volume of building in cubic meter

Minimum proportions of perimeter of building

7000 to 28000 One-sixth (1/6) 28000 to 56000 One-fourth (1/4) 56000 to 84000 One-half (1/2) 84000 to 112000 Three-fourths (3/4) 112000 and above Island site Table 5.1.1.1 Building volume and required proportions of perimeter access

BLOCK B BLOCK C BLOCK A

Figure 5.1.1 Proposed Building Massing

Massing Block 1 2 3

Area (m2) 1420 510 460 Total volume (m3)

Height (m) 17 13 9

Volume (m3) 24140 6630 4140 34910

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The volume of the proposed Hospitality and Tourism Vocational College measures approximately 34910 m3 which is in the range of 28000 to 56000 m3. Thus, the building falls under the second category as stipulated in Table 5.1.1 with having one-fourth (1/4) perimeter access.

The building perimeter : 18.1 + 7.5 + 100 + 12.1 + 18.1 + 36 + 67.8 + 20.9 = 280.5m One-fourth (1/4) of the building perimeter : 280.5 / 4 = 70.125m Based on the calculation of one-fourth (1/4), a 70.125m perimeter access will be required for the fire appliance and 161m of fire appliances will be provided.

161m

Figure 5.1.1.1 Provision of Access for the Fire Appliances

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5.1.2 Hydrant Location The consideration of the fire hydrant placement is based on the following By-laws: By-law Clause 225 - Detecting and extinguishing fire (2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest point of fire brigade access.

(3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may be required by the Fire Authority.

As there is no existing fire hydrant on site, the fire hydrant location proposed on two sides, one facing the front main road and other facing the side road.

Figure 5.1.2.1 Proposed Location of Fire Hydrants

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5.2 Means of Escape 5.2.1 Measurement of Travel Distance According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 Seventh Schedule, the escape route and distance of this proposed college is under purpose group (II) Institutional, (IV) Office, (V) Shops and (VII) Places of Assembly with un-sprinkler system, and as such, shall comply the respective dead-end limits and travel distance as stated in Table 5.2.1.

Purpose Group

Limit when alternative exits are available (1) *Dead(2) Un(3) End Limit sprinklered Sprinklered (metre)

II. Institutional Hospitals, Nursing Homes etc.

9 School …

6 Open Plan …

NR Flexible Plan …

NR IV. Office …

15 V. Shops …

15 VII. Places of Assembly NR Table 5.2.1 Maximum Travel Distance

30 45 30 45 45 30 45

45 60 45 60 60 45 61

Note: * The dead-end limit shall be the distance to a storey exit or to a point where alternative means of escape is available provided that the total travel distance shall not exceed the limits under (2).

The measurement and calculation of the travel distances are based on the following Bylaws: By-law Clause 165 - Measurement of travel distance to exists.

(1) The travel distance to an exit shall be measured on the floor or other walking surface along the centre line of the natural path of travel, starting 0.300 metre from the most remote point of occupancy, curving around any corners or obstructions with 0.300 metre clearance there from and ending at the storey exit. Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be taken in the plane of the trend noising.

(2) In the case of open areas the distance to exits shall be measured from the most remote point of occupancy provided that the direct distance shall not exceed two-thirds the permitted travel distance.

(3) In the case of individual rooms which are subject to occupancy of not more than six persons, the travel distance shall be measured from the doors of such rooms: Provided that the travel distance from any point in the room to the room door does not exceed 15 metres.

(4)The maximum travel distances to exits and dead end limits shall be as specified in the Seventh Schedule of these By-laws.

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By-law Clause 166 - Exits to be accessible at all times.

(1) Except as permitted by by-law 167 not less than two separate exits shall be provided from each storey together with such additional exits as may be necessary.

(2) The exits shall be sited and the exit access shall be so arranged that the exits are within the limits of travel distance as specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws and are readily accessible at all times.

By-law Clause 167 - Storey exits.

(1) Except as provided for in by-law 194 every compartment shall be provided with at least two storey exits located as far as practical from each other and in no case closer than 4.5 metres and in such position that the travel distances specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws are not exceeded.

(2) The width of storey exits shall be in accordance with the provisions the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws.

By-law Clause 170 - Egress through unenclosed openings.

Where unenclosed openings are permitted between floors and for a mezzanine floor, egress may be by way of an open staircase to an adjacent floor and thence to a story exit: (a) The layout is such that a fire originating anywhere within the compartment will be obvious to the occupants of all communicating levels or areas; (b) The travel distances specified in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws are not exceeded; (c) Only 50% of the occupants of a floor are assumed to use the open staircase and storeyexits are provided at every level to accommodate the other 50% of the occupants of that level in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule to these by-laws; and (d) The storey exits on the principle floor through which other levels discharge are designed to handle the occupants of that floor plus 50% of the occupants from the adjacent levels discharging through it.

By-law Clause 183 - Exit details for places of assembly Every place of assembly, every tier or balcony and every individual room used as a place of assembly shall have exits sufficient to provide for the total capacity thereof as determined in accordance with by-law 180 and as follows: (a) no individual unit of exit width shall serve more than one hundred persons; (b) doors leading outside the building at ground level or not more than three risers above or below ground one hundred persons per exit unit; (c) staircases or other types of exit not specified in by-law 177 above seventy-five persons per exit unit; 30

(d) every Class A place of assembly (capacity one thousand persons or more) shall have at least four separate exits as remote from each other as practicable; (e) every Class B place of assembly (capacity three hundred to one thousand persons) shall have at least two separate exits as remote from each other as practicable, and if of a capacity of over six hundred at least three such exits; (f) every Class C place of assembly (capacity one hundred to three hundred persons) shall have at least two means of exit, consisting of separate exits or doors leading to a corridor or other space giving access to separate exists in different directions.

By-law Clause 188 - Travel distance in place of assembly Exits in any place of assembly shall be arranged that the travel distance from any point to reach an exit shall not exceed 45 metres for unsprinklered buildings and 60 metres for sprinkled buildings.

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Figure 5.2.2.1 Travel Distance of Ground Floor

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Figure 5.2.2.2 Travel Distance of First Floor 33

Figure 5.2.2.3 Travel Distance of Second Floor 34

Figure 5.2.2.4 Travel Distance of Third Floor

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5.2.2 Escape Provision Computation The escape provision in relation to occupancy load is based on the following By-laws: By-law Clause 175 - Calculation of occupant load.

Calculation of occupancy loads and capacity of exits shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws.

By-law Clause 176 - Computing storey exit widths.

To compute the required exit width from individual floors of a building(a) calculate the floor area net or gross whichever applicable; (b) determine the allowable occupancy load factor from the table; (c) divide the floor area by the number of square metres per person to determine the number of persons for which exits must be provided for that floor; (d) determine from the table the capacity of the type of exit to be used for the purpose group being designed; and (e) calculate the number of units of exit widths for each type of exit used based upon the capacity.

By-law Clause 177 - Computing number of staircases and staircase widths.

The following factors shall be used in computing the exit widths: (a) in a multi-storeyed building if x units of exit width are required from each floor the staircase serving those floors do not need to be x times the number of floors served in units of exit width. The staircase need be only wide enough to serve each floor but not less than the minimum width allowed and in every case one of the protected staircases shall be assumed to be inaccessible and the remaining protected staircase shall be of sufficient width and number to accommodate the relevant occupancy; (b) depending on the occupancy, street floor exits have to be sized to handle not only to occupant load of the street floor but also a percentage of the load of the exits discharging to the street floors above and below: (c) Exit should never decrease in width along their length of travel and, if two or more exits coverage into a common exit, the common exit should never be narrower than the sum of the width of the exits converging into it; (d) except as provided in these By-laws, the minimum number of exits is two; (e) at least one of the staircases should be a minimum of two unit width except that 900 millimetres may be allowed where total occupancy of all floors served by staircases is less than 50; and (f) There should be no decrease in width along path of travel of a staircase.

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By-law Clause 180 - Space standards for calculating occupancy loads.

The occupancy load permitted in any place of assembly shall be determined by dividing the net floor area or space assigned to the use by the square metre per occupant as follows: (a) assembly area of concentrated use without fixed seats such as an auditorium, places of worship, dance floor and lodge room – 0.65 square metre per person; (b) assembly area of less concentrated use such as a conference room, drinking room, drinking establishment, exhibit room, gymnasium, or lounge – 1.35 square metre per person; (c) standing room or waiting space – 3 square metres per person; (d) the occupancy load of an area having fixed seats shall be determined by the number or fixed seats installed. Required aisle space serving the fixed seat shall not be used to increase the occupant load.

By-law Clause 183 - Exit details for places of assembly.

Every place of assembly, every tier or balcony and every individual room used as a place of assembly shall have exits sufficient to provide for the total capacity thereof as determined in accordance with by-law 180 and as follows: (a) no individual unit of exit width shall serve more than one hundred persons; (b) doors leading outside the building at ground level or not more than three risers above or below ground one hundred persons per exit unit; (c) staircases or other types of exit not specified in by-law 177 above seventy-five persons per exit unit; (d) every Class A place of assembly (capacity one thousand persons or more) shall have at least four separate exits as remote from each other as practicable; (e) every Class B place of assembly (capacity three hundred to one thousand persons) shall have at least two separate exits as remote from each other as practicable, and if of a capacity of over six hundred at least three such exits; (f) every Class C place of assembly (capacity one hundred to three hundred persons) shall have at least two means of exit, consisting of separate exits or doors leading to a corridor or other space giving access to separate exists in different directions.

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By-law Clause 186 - Exit doors in places of assembly (1) All doors used by the public as exit door from any part of the place of assembly or leading to the open air, shall be open only in the direction of the exit.

(2) In a place of assembly all exit doors and doors through which the public pass on the way to the open air shall be without lock, bolts or other fastenings while the public are in the building: Provided that doors used for exit only may be fitted with panic bolts.

(3) Panic bolts fitted to doors in a place of assembly shall be not less than 750 millimetres or more than 1100 millimetres above the floor.

(4) Turntiles, if installed in a place of assembly, shall be arranged clear of the line of exit, and shall not be included in the calculation of exit width.

(5) In a place of assembly every external door used by the public and every collapsible gate shall be capable of being locked in the fully open position in such a way that a key is required to release such door or gate from such open position.

According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 Seventh Schedule, the numbers and width of staircase design for the proposed 4 levels college are calculated in the tables below: Floor Level GF

Purpose Group Institutional Office Shops Place of Assembly

1F

Institutional

Office Shops Place of Assembly 2F 3F

Institutional Place of Assembly Institutional

Proposed Space Community Technology Lab Administration, Registration and Finance Office Market Area, Traditional Shop, Community Canteen Reception Lobby, Student and Community Lounge, Exhibition Area, Event/ Multipurpose Hall Student Club Room, Student Services Room, Nursing Room, Counselling Room, Food Research Lab Institutional Office Student Café Community Classroom/ Event/ Activity Space, Gymnasium Classroom, Computer Lab Lecture Hall, Library Classroom, Mock Up Suit, Learning Kitchen , Demonstrative Kitchen

Table 5.2.2.1 Purpose groups and proposed spaces

38

A B Level Purpose Occupancy Group Load (Seventh Schedule) GF

II. Institutional VII. Place of Assembly

4.5

1.5

Proposed Space

C D Floor Occupancy Area Load = C/B (m2)

BLOCK A Community 85 Technology Lab 350 Student and Community Lounge

E Exit Capacity Required

F Minimum Exit Width (E*550mm)

85/4.5 = 18.9

18.9/100= 700mm 0.19

350/1.5= 233

233/100 =2.33

1282mm

1982mm GF

IV. Shops

3

VII. Place of Assembly

1.5

BLOCK B 180 Traditional Shop 200 Community Canteen 230 Event/ Multipurpose Hall

380/3= 126.7

126.7/100 700mm = 1.27

230/1.5= 153.3

153.3/100 843mm =1.53

1543mm GF

IV. Office

10

IV. Shops VII. Place of Assembly

3 3

BLOCK C Administratio 80 n, Registration and Finance Office Market Area 280

Reception Lobby

45

80/10 = 8

8/100= 0.08

700mm

280/3= 93.3 45/3= 15

93.3/100 =0.93 15/100 =0.15

700mm 700mm

2100mm

Table 5.2.2.2 Exit Width Calculations Table (Ground Floor)

39

A B Level Purpose Occupancy Group Load (Seventh Schedule) 1F

VII. Place of Assembly

0.65

Proposed Space

C D Floor Occupancy Area Load = C/B (m2)

BLOCK A 170 Community Classroom/ Event/ Activity Space

170/0.65= 261.5

E Exit Capacity Required

F Minimum Exit Width (E*550mm)

261.5/100 1438mm =2.62

1438mm 1F

II. Institutional

6

BLOCK B Student Club 25 Room 20 Student Services Room 20 Counselling Room 20 Nursing Room 110 Food Research Lab Student Café 200

1.35

Gymnasium

2

3.5 4.5 IV. Shops VII. Place of Assembly

135

65/2 = 32.5

62.6/ 100 = 0.63

700mm

20/3.5 = 5.7 110/4.5 = 24.4 200/6= 33.3 135/1.35= 100

33.3/100 = 0.33 100/100 =1

700mm 700mm

2100mm 1F

IV. Office

10

BLOCK C 245 Institutional Office

245/10 = 24.5

24.5/100= 700mm 0.25 700mm

Table 5.2.2.3 Exit Width Calculations Table (First Floor)

40

A B Level Purpose Occupancy Group Load (Seventh Schedule) 2F

II. Institutional VII. Place of Assembly

Proposed Space

C D Floor Occupancy Area Load = C/B (m2)

2

BLOCK B Classroom 440

1.5

Lecture Hall

220

E Exit Capacity Required

F Minimum Exit Width (E*550mm)

440/2 =220

220/100 =2.2

1210mm

220/1.5 =146.7

146.7/100 807mm =1.47

2017mm 2F

II. Institutional VII. Place of AssemBly

4.5

Computer Lab

1.5

Library

BLOCK C 50

200

50/4.5 =11.1

11.1/100 =0.11

700mm

200/1.5 =133.3

133.3/100 733mm =1.33

1433mm

Table 5.2.2.4 Exit Width Calculations Table (Second Floor)

A B Level Purpose Occupancy Group Load (Seventh Schedule) 3F

II. Institutional

2

4.5

Proposed Space

C D Floor Occupancy Area Load = C/B (m2)

BLOCK B Classroom 200

Mock Up Suit Learning Kitchen Demonstrative Kitchen

100 160

200/2 =100

E Exit Capacity Required

F Minimum Exit Width (E*550mm)

168.9/100 930mm =1.69

310/4.5 =68.9

50 930mm

Table 5.2.2.5 Exit Width Calculations Table (Third Floor)

41

Figure 5.2.2.1 Location of Fire Staircases in Ground Floor Assuming the main staircase (protected) is inaccessible, the remaining exit widths (7650mm – 1275mm) is 6375mm wide which is still sufficient as a mean for escape throughout ground floor and therefore the provision satisfies the By-laws.

Figure 5.2.2.2 Location of Fire Staircases in First Floor Assuming the main staircase (protected) is inaccessible, the remaining exit widths (7650mm – 1275mm) is 6375mm wide which is still sufficient as a mean for escape throughout first floor and therefore the provision satisfies the By-laws.

42

Figure 5.2.2.3 Location of Fire Staircases in Second Floor Assuming the main staircase (protected) is inaccessible, the remaining exit widths (6375mm – 1275mm) is 5100mm wide which is still sufficient as a mean for escape throughout second floor and therefore the provision satisfies the By-laws.

Figure 5.2.2.4 Location of Fire Staircases in Third Floor Assuming the main staircase (protected) is inaccessible, the remaining exit widths (3825mm – 1275mm) is 2550mm wide which is still sufficient as a mean for escape throughout third floor and therefore the provision satisfies the By-laws.

43

6.0 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION 6.1 Analysis of Placement of Main Core and Fire Escape MAIN SERVICE CORE FIRE ESCAPE

BLOCK B

FIRE ESCAPE

BLOCK C

FIRE ESCAPE

FIRE ESCAPE FIRE ESCAPE

BLOCK A

Figure 6.1.1 Massing with Proposed Position of Service Cores

According to the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Clause 168 – Staircases (1), the proposed college except as provided for in by-law 194 every upper floor shall have means of egress via at least two separate staircases as the topmost floor of which exceed 12 metres in height.

The placement of main service core in the proposed college is arranged in the main block of the building which connected other blocks with linked bridges. The main service core is a fire shutter protected lobby with two passenger lifts, all service risers, and a fire-rated escape staircase.

Five additional fire escape staircases are provided in the whole building and on each side of the block. One alternative for Block A for the ease of convenience to the connection to the Jalan Dewan Sultan Sulaiman. Two alternatives for Block B which one is alternative for Block A, and another is for the ease of convenience to the connection to the Jalan Datuk Abdul Razak. Two alternatives for Block C to addressing the traffic from Jalan Raja Abdullah which is the main road beside our site.

44

6.2 Location of Service Core All locations of service core and fire escape staircases are as shown in the floor plans below:

Figure 6.2.1 Location of Service Core and Fire Escape Staircases in Ground Floor

Figure 6.2.2 Location of Service Core and Fire Escape Staircases in First Floor

45

Figure 6.2.3 Location of Service Core and Fire Escape Staircases in Second Floor

Figure 6.2.4 Location of Service Core and Fire Escape Staircases in Third Floor

46

6.3 Analysis & Options of Core Configuration From the selected core system that is in the main block (Block B) of the building allow best accessibility with linked bridges from both blocks (Block A & C) of building. There are total of 2 building core systems is proposed. Option 1 with separate lift and services and fire staircase by a corridor while option 2 lumps all the services and escape and it has an advantage of structural strength from the reinforced concrete lift shaft.

Figure 6.3.1 Option 1 - Proposed Lift Core Design

Option 1 has a design that separate lift and services and fire staircase by a corridor, and it will be exposed and easily accessible. It filtered and reduced but allowing daylighting into the corridor for user. This organization neatly arranged and easy to be understand by the user of the location of the lift. It also encourages natural ventilation which allows little of wind tunnel effect that making the corridor slightly cooler.

47

Figure 6.3.2 Option 2 - Proposed Lift Core Design

Option 2 has a design that lumps all the services, escape and lift shaft together and the fire escape staircase will be concealed by a row of the lift cores. It allowed excessive daylighting that produce glare effect onto user. This configuration very neat but may confuse occupant with the door for services purpose. It also does not contribute any to the ventilation.

After the comparison between option 1 and 2 in term of daylighting, ventilation and space configuration, option 1 is the selected lift core design in the proposed college.

48

6.4 Components & Details of Main Service Core The requirements for the lift lobby are based on the following By-laws: By-law Clause 152 - Opening in lift shafts (1) Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall open into a protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of the local authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to open type industrial and other special buildings as may be approved by the D.G.F.S. (2) Landing doors shall have a FRP of not less than half the FRP of the hoist way structure with a minimum FRP of half hour.

(3) No glass shall be used for in landing doors except for vision in which case any vision panel shall or be glazed with wired safety glass, and shall not be more than 0.0161 square metre and the total area of one of more vision panels in any landing door shall be not more than 0.0156 square metres.

(4) Each clear panel opening shall reject a sphere 150 millimetres in diameter.

(5) Provision shall be made for the opening of all landing doors by means of an emergency key irrespective of the position of the lift car.

By-law Clause 153 - Smoke detectors for lift lobbies (1) All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.

(2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a pre-set time.

By-law Clause 157 - Protected shafts consisting of staircase A protected staircase or a protected shaft containing a staircase shall not contain any pipe conveying gas or oil or any ventilating duct other than a duct serving only that staircase or shaft.

By-law Clause 172 - Emergency exit signs (1) Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signed and shall not be obscured by any decorations, furnishing or other equipment.

(2) A sign reading “KELUAR” with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not immediately apparent.

(3) Every exit sign shall have the word “KELUAR” in plainly legible letters not less than 150 millimetres high with the principal strokes of letters not less than 18 millimetres wide.

The lettering shall be in red against a black background.

49

(4) All exit signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy.

(5) Illuminated signed shall be provided with two electric lamps of not less than fifteen watts each.

By-law Clause 190. External staircase Any permanently installed external staircase is acceptable as a required exit under the same condition as an internal staircase: Provided that such staircase shall comply with all the requirements for internal staircases.

External staircases shall be separated from the interior of any building by walls and fire door of the same fire resistance rating as required for internal staircases.

By-law Clause 197 - Protected lobbies (1) Protected lobbies shall be provided to serve staircases in buildings exceeding 18 metres above ground level where the staircase enclosures are not ventilated through external walls.

(2) In buildings exceeding 45 metres above ground level, such protected lobbies shall be pressurised to meet the requirements of Section 7 of the Australian Standard 1668, Part I – 1974 or any other system meeting the function requirements of the D.G.F.S. (3) Protected lobbies may be omitted if the staircase enclosures are pressurised to meet the requirements of the by-law 200.

By-law Clause 198. Ventilation of staircase enclosures (1) All staircase enclosures shall be ventilated at each floor or landing level by either permanent openings or openable windows to the open air having a free are of not less than 1 square metre per floor.

(2) Openable windows shall meet the operational requirements of the D.G.F.S. (3) In buildings not exceeding three storeys above ground level, staircase enclosure may be unventilated provided that access to them at all levels except the top floor is through ventilated lobbies.

50

Figure 6.4.1 Proposed Fire Extinguishment and Detection System

51

6.5 Fire Extinguishing, Fire Alarm System & Fire Detection According to UBBL Tenth Schedule, proposed college refers to Group (II) Institutional, (IV) Office, (V) Shop and (VII) Place of Assembly as per following requirement: Occupancy Hazard

II. INSTITUTIONAL 1. Education Occupancies (i) Used for instructional purpose only.

Open design balcony approach (a) 1 or 2 storeys … (b) 3 to 5 storeys … (c) 6 storeys to 10 storeys … (d) 11 storeys and above (iv) Library (a) Single storey – less than 1000 sqm (b) Two storeys – less than 1000sqm (c) More than 1000sqm or three storey or more IV. OFFICES 1. 4 storeys and less or less than 1000 sq.m gross floor area…

2. 5 storeys and over, OR exceeding 1,000 sq. m…

3. Exceeding 18m but less than 10 000 sq.m …

4. Exceeding 30m or 10 000sq.m …

V. SHOP 1. Floor area not exceeding 250 sq.m per floor built as separate compartments Building less than 4 ½ storey or 15 m …

Combination of ground floor shop and/ or residential and/ or office on upper floors…

VII. PLACE OF ASSEMBLY 1. Class A and B below the level of exit discharge …

2. Stage with fly gallaries gridirons and riggings for moveable theatre type …

3. Hazardous areas …

Extinguishing System Note 2

Fire Alarm System Note 3

Emergency Lighting Note 4

G G -

2 1&2

a a

G G

1&2

a

-

-

-

G G AG

2 1&2 2

a c c

-

-

-

-

-

-

A&G

2

b

A&G A, B, C, D, E or F

2 -

b a

Table 6.5.1 Tenth Schedule - Classification of fire-fighting requirements for occupancy hazards

52

Note 2: The letters in the second column of the Schedule refer to the types of fixed extinguishing system, as follows: G – Hose Reel Note 3: The figures in the third column of this Schedule refer to the types of fire alarm, as follow – 2. Manual Electrical Fire Alarm System Note 4: Type of Emergency Illumination – (b) Central Battery

The requirements for fire extinguishing, fire alarm system and fire detection are based on the following By-Law: By-law Clause 225 - Detecting and extinguishing fire (1) Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing fire and with fire alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as specified in the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws.

(2) Every building shall be serves by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest point of fire brigade access.

(3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may be required by the Fire Authority.

By-law Clause 227 - Portable extinguishers Portable extinguisher shall be provided in accordance with the relevant codes of practice and shall be sited in prominent positions on exit routes to be visible from all directions and similar extinguishers in a building shall be of the same method of operation.

By-law Clause 237 - Fire alarms (1) Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws.

(2) All premises and buildings with gross floor area excluding car park and storage area exceeding 9290 square metres or exceeding 30.5 metres in height shall be provided with a two-stage alarm system with evacuation (continuous signal) to be given immediately in the affected section of the premises while an alert (intermittent signal) to be given in adjoining section.

(3) Provision shall be made for the general evacuation of the premises by action of a master control.

53

By-law Clause 247 - Water storage (1) Water storage capacity and water flow rate for firefighting systems and installations shall be provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the Tenth Schedule to these Bylaws.

(2) Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for hose reel systems, shall be located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire brigade pumping inlet connections accessible to fire appliances.

(3) Storage tanks for automatic sprinkler installations where full capacity is provided without need for replenishment shall be exempted from the restriction sin their locations.

54

7.0 REFERENCES Laws of Malaysia. (1984). Uniform building by-laws 1984. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Services.

Bakar, H. A., Soh, C. H., Malaysia. Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia, Institution of Engineers, M., Association of Consulting Engineers (Malaysia), & Malaysian Fire Protection Assosiation. (2011). Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia. Institute of Fire Engineers (UK) Malaysia Branch.

M. (2021, June 24). Current Weather now with satellite and radar - worldwide. Meteoblue. https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/kualalumpur_malaysia_1735161 Average Weather in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Weather Spark. (2021). Weatherspark. https://weatherspark.com/y/113829/Average-Weather-in-Kuala-Lumpur-Malaysia-YearRound

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FINAL PROJECT SYNTHESIS - INTEGRATED DESIGN

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY II (ARC 71003)

SZE YOONG SHERN 0326771

ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY II (ARC71003) Final Project : Synthesis - Integrated Design SITE INTRODUCTION

SZE YOONG SHERN 0326771

SITE ANALYSIS SUN PATH

Sun Position (Equinox)

Sun Position (Summer Solstice)

Located right in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, Kampung Baru is a top-down initiative from its beginning. This means that the establishment and development of Kampong Baru had been "planned" from the beginning, although the plan was refined over time. The story of Kampong Bharu begins in the early 1900s. His Royal Highness, the Sultan of Selangor, granted the land to the Malays under a special condition that only the Malays could own the land and reside in the area. Kampung Bharu consists of 7 villages and with the land size of 220 acres. The Malay Agricultural Settlement (MAS) was introduced by the British later on so as to educate the children of Malays to take a part in the administration and to enable them to reap some of the advantages of the present prosperity.

Since then Kampung Baru has held out against development and modern-city living, turning into a political symbol of Malay culture.

SHADOW STUDY Summer Solstice - 10am

21st March/ September (Equinox) 09:00 - 20:00

21st June (Summer Solstice) 09:00 - 20:00

21st December (Winter Solstice) 09:00 - 20:00

Equinox happen twice a year in Malaysia which is on 21st March and 21st September .The temperature will increase slightly due to the sun is positioned at the top of the equatorial region.

Malaysia is located slightly above the equator line and the sun is further North in the month of June during the Summer Solstice. The Summer Solstice signifies the longest day of the year.

The sun is further South in the month of December during WInter Solstice in Malaysia. The Winter Solstice signifies the shortest day of the year.

Summer Solstice - 12pm

Summer Solstice - 6pm

North and East faces of the site exposed to sunlight during the morning of the Summer Solstice. The site does not receives any shadow coverage due to the adjacent massing mostly is low-rise buildings.

There are no shadow received on site due to the position of sun is high above during the afternoon of the Summer Solstice.

The site also does not receives any shadow coverage from the adjacent massing during the evening sun of the Summer Solstice.

Winter Solstice - 10am

Winter Solstice - 12pm

Winter Solstice - 6pm

Sun Position (Winter Solstice)

WIND SPEED

The average hourly wind speed in Kuala Lumpur experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for 2.9 months, from December 2 to February 26, with average wind speeds of more than 1.8 meters per second. The windiest day of the year is January 21, with an average hourly wind speed of 2.1 meters per second. The calmer time of year lasts for 9.2 months, from February 26 to December 2. The calmest day of the year is April 15, with an average hourly wind speed of 1.5 meters per second.

The Malaysian Standard (MS 1525;2014) provides a guide on the impact of air speed on occupant's sensation. The air speed of 0.5 to 1.0 m/s is generally pleasant when comfortable or warm, but causing constant awareness of air movement while the air speed of 1.0 to 1.5 m/s is acceptable in warm conditions but can be from slightly to annoyingly draughty. Thus, the air speed from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s is considered acceptable.

HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE The hot season lasts for 3.3 months, from February 13 to May 23, with an average daily high temperature above 33°C. The hottest day of the year is March 14, with an average high of 33°C and low of 24°C. The cool season lasts for 2.0 months, from November 3 to January 5, with an average daily high temperature below 32°C. The coldest day of the year is January 18, with an average low of 23°C and high of 32°C.

The figure above shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

East and South faces of the site exposed to sunlight during the morning of the Winter Solstice. The site does not receives any shadow coverage due to the adjacent massing mostly is low-rise buildings.

There are no shadow received on site due to the position of sun is high above during the afternoon of the Winter Solstice.

The site receives approximately 70% shadow coverage from the residential high-rise building during the evening sun of the Winter Solstice.

The perceived humidity level in Kuala Lumpur, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year.

RAINFALL

The average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year. The clearer part of the year in Kuala Lumpur begins around December 26 and lasts for 3.0 months, ending around March 24. On February 20, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 26% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 74% of the time. The cloudier part of the year begins around March 24 and lasts for 9.0 months, ending around December 26. On May 11, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 91% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 9% of the time.

The table above shows that the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Kuala Lumpur experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around November 14, with an average total accumulation of 271 millimeters. The least rain falls around June 25, with an average total accumulation of 112 millimeters.

GIZMO PROPOSAL SIMULATION STUDY INTRODUCTION

The massing utilises the maximum foot print. The picture below illustrate the overall outlook of the design with the massing, showing the 11:00 am sunlight casting at site. For the Daylighting Factor study, it is best to achieve 2%-5%, refering to the table above.

MATERIAL COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS

Angel Gap Length

Standard Concrete

: The angle of the gizmo and planter box can provide more comfortable daylighting and wind to the building. : The gap in between underneath surface of the upper planter box and top surface of the lower planter box. : The length of the shading device will provide sufficient daylight and shade to the interior space.

Polymer Concrete

Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete

DAYLIGHT : With the optimised gizmo, the daylight factor is able to be kept around 5% for most area of the space, with expection of a small area near the gizmo which is reasonable as a planter box gizmo.

WIND : With the optimised gizmo, the wind is able to flow throughout the space including the some area of the multipurpose hall further away from the gizmo. This creates a good passive design wherby the use of electrical ventilation can be reduced.

ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY II (ARC71003) Final Project : Synthesis - Integrated Design SUSTAINABLE APPROACH

SZE YOONG SHERN 0326771

Double Facade

Water Supply System

Sanitary and Sewerage System

Gravitational Distribution System Rain Water Harvesting System

Sewerage System

RC Slab refer to detail

RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

STACK EFFECT

Tensile Cable

DOUBLE FACADE

Ceiling Panel

DOUBLE FACADE

STACK EFFECT

50mm x 50mm Alum. powder coated frame refer to detail 50mm Bamboo

CONNECT TO MAIN PIPE M

Modify brick planter box refer to detail

RAIN WATER HARVESTING TANK

Galvanished Steel Brakets M

FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENT Purpose Group According to the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984’s Fifth Schedule, “Designation of Purpose Groups”, proposed Hospitality and Tourism Vocational College’s spaces falls under the purpose group of “Institutional”, “Office”, “Shop” and “Place of Assembly”.

Number of Purpose Group II

IV

Descrip�ve Title Purpose for which compartment is intended to be used Ins�tu�onal

Office

V

Shop

VII

Place of assembly

Hospital, school, or other similar establishment used as living, accommoda�on for, or for treatment, care or maintenance of, persons suffering from disabili�es due to illness or old age or other physical or mental disability or under the age of 5 years, where such persons sleep in premises.

Office, or premises used for office purposes, meaning thereby the purposes of administra�on, clerical work (including wri�ng, book-keeping, sor�ng papers, filing, typing, duplica�ng, machine-calcula�ng, drawing and the editorial prepara�on of ma�er for publica�on), handling money and telephone and telegraph opera�ng.

BASEMENT

Scale 1:50

Suction Tank

Domestic Tank to Sanitary Fittings

Rain Water Harvesting Tank

Rain Water from Gutter

Domestic Water Tank

Perimeter Appliance Access The fire appliance access is based on the following By-laws:

Collection

Recycled Water for Irrigation and WC

Toilet Kitchen Manhole Ventilation Pipe Soil Stack Pipe Sewerage Pipeline

The building perimeter is 280.5m

By-law Clause 186 - Exit doors in places of assembly All building in excess of 7000 cubic metres shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less than 12 metres width and accessible to fire brigade appliances. The proportion of the building abutting the street, road or open space shall be in accordance with the following scale: Volume of building in cubic meter

Minimum propor�ons of perimeter of building

7000 to 28000 28000 to 56000 56000 to 84000 84000 to 112000 112000 and above

One-sixth (1/6) One-fourth (1/4) One-half (1/2) Three-fourths (3/4) Island site

One-fourth (1/4) of the building perimeter : 280.5 / 4 = 70.125m Based on the calculation of one-fourth (1/4), a 70.125m perimeter access will be required for the fire appliance and 161m of fire appliances will be provided.

Building volume and required proportions of perimeter access

Shop, or shop premises, meaning thereby premises not being a shop but used for the carrying on there of retail trade or business (including the sale to members of the public of food or drink for immediate consump�on, retail sales by auc�on, the business of leading books or periodicals for the purpose of gain, and the business of a barber or hairdresser) and premises to which members of the public are invited to resort for the purpose of delivering their goods for repair or other treatment or of themselves carrying out repairs to or other treatment of goods

The volume of the proposed Hospitality and Tourism Vocational College measures approximately 34910 m3 which is in the range of 28000 to 56000 m3. Thus, the building falls under the second category as stipulated in above Table with having one-fourth (1/4) perimeter access.

Place, whether public or private, used for the a�endance of persons for or in connec�on with their social, recrea�onal, educa�onal, business, or other ac�vi�es, and not comprised within group I to VI

Designated of Purpose Groups According to Fifth Schedule

Scale NTS

Hydrant Location The consideration of the fire hydrant placement is based on the following By-laws: By-law Clause 225 - Detecting and extinguishing fire (2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest point of fire brigade access.

(3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may be required by the Fire Authority.

Building Massing

Active Fire Fighting The hose reel, fire detection, fire alarm and fire extinguishing system is based on By-laws 244, Tenth Schedule

Warning Light

Water Meter

Water Supply From Main Pipe Suction Tank to Domestic Tank

As there is no existing fire hydrant on site, the fire hydrant location proposed on two sides, one facing the front main road and other facing the side road.

Manual Break Glass

Emergency Light

Fire Extinguisher

Keluar Sign

Fire Alarm

Smoke Detector

Hose Reel

Scale NTS

Scale NTS Travel Distance According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 Seventh Schedule, the escape route and distance of this proposed college is under purpose group (II) Institutional, (IV) Office, (V) Shops and (VII) Places of Assembly with un-sprinkler system, and as such, shall comply the respective dead-end limits and travel distance.

The travel distance is based on By-laws 165, 166, 167, 170, 183, 188.

Location of Lift Core and Fire Staircase According to the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Clause 168 – Staircases (1), the proposed college except as provided for in by-law 194 every upper floor shall have means of egress via at least two separate staircases as the topmost floor of which exceed 12 metres in height.

The fire escape is based on By-laws 175, 176, 177, 180, 183, 186

1F Plan N

Scale NTS

2F Plan N

Scale NTS

3F Plan N

Scale NTS

Fire Escape Staircase Lift