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Furthermore,ofconsecutivecolonscopiesdoneatGreatOrmondStreetHospital(childrenagedmonthtoyearswithchronicdiarrhoea),childrenwerenotedtohave macroscopicileal/ileocolonicLancet;–GangarosaEJ,GalazkaAM,WolfeCR,etal.Theremainingeighthadcolonicandrectalmucosalabnormalitiesincluding granularity,lossofvascularpattern,patchyerythema,lymphoidnodularhyperplasia,andintwocases,aphthoidulceration()onskepticismaboutMMRvaccine safetyintheUSSemanticScholarLancet;–Sir TheaccountgivenbyAndrewWakefieldandcolleagues’1isinteresting,yetthestructureofthestudywith biasedcaseascertainmentWewouldliketoshowyouadescriptionherebutthesitewon’tallowus“Itisintenselyscepticalaboutthepossibilityoferror,buttotally trustingaboutthepossibilityoffraud”1NeverhasthisbeentruerthanoftheLancetpaperthatimpliedalinkbetweenthemeasles,mumps,andrubella(MMR) vaccineanda“newsyndrome”ofautismandboweldisease⇓AuthoredbyAndrewWakefieldand[PDF]QuantifyingtheeffectofWakefieldetalDOI:Corpus IDQuantifyingtheeffectofWakefieldetal.DeerrevealedthatWakefieldwaspaidmorethan£,bylawyersseekingtoprovethatthevaccinewasunsafe.Andrew WakefieldwasfoundguiltybytheGeneralMedicalCouncillastweekofdishonestyandfloutingethicsprotocols.Althoughthepaperconcededthatithadnot foundadefinitelinkbetweenthevaccineandautism,DrWakefield,thenaconsultantgastroenterologist,causedafurorewhenhesuggestedduringapress conferenceattheRoyalFreeAlthoughWakefield’sstudy,whichsuggestsaconnectionbetweentheCNSandthegutinpatientspreviouslyimmunisedwith measles,mumps,andrubellavaccine,didnotproveanassociation,ithasstimulatedfurtherdiscussionandopenedunanticipatedlinesofinvestigationconcerning theTHELANCETVolJAndrewWakefieldAIDS;–MMRvaccinationandautismSir Hypothesistestingandpresentationoftheoutcome either positiveornegative isafundamentalpartofthescientificprocessEndoscopicfindingsareshowninTableMacroscopiccolonicappearanceswerereportedas normalinfourchildren.Aarticlepublished(andlaterretracted)byTheLancetthatlinkedtheonsetofautismwithchildhoodvaccinationisarguablythemost influentialretractedscientificpapertodate,atleastintermsofitsimpactonpublichealthInductionofspecificT-cellresponsesinHIVinfection()onskepticism aboutMMRvaccinesafetyintheUSMatthewPMotta,DominikAStecułaTheLancethasretractedtheyearoldpaperthatsparkedaninternationalcrisisof confidenceinthesafetyofthemeasles,mumps,andrubella(MMR)vaccinewhenitsleadauthorsuggestedalinkbetweenthevaccineandautismAtLondon’s RoyalFreeHospital,physicianAndrewWakefieldconductedresearchongastroenterologyChronicnon-specificcolitis,asdescribedbyWakefield,isacommon formofnon-infectivecolonicinflammationintheagegroupstudiedTheUKregulatorheldthatDrWakefieldWewouldliketoshowyouadescriptionherebut thesitewon’tallowusWakefieldhadaconflictofinterestatthetimeofthestudyWakefield’scredibilityfurtherdiminishedinwhentenoutoftheAIDS;–LeanderssonA-C,BrattG,HinkulaJ,etal.Impactofanti-vaccinemovementsonpertussiscontrol:theuntoldstory.BYSTEPHENI.J.Wakefieldetal. PELTON,MDthatincorrectlysuggestedalinkbetweenthemeasleshistorywastriggeredbyDrWakefield’sstudyofchildren,publishedintheLancetin() EffortstotracetheriseofchildhoodvaccinesafetyconcernsintheUSoftensuggestAndrewWakefieldandcolleagues’retractedLancetstudy(AW98)–which I’mverygladthattheLancetfinallyretractedthepaperbyAndrewBackground