Anatomy and physiology for exercise and fitness instructors (K/616/7823)
The axial and appendicular skeleton The skeleton is divided into two parts: Axial skeleton (un‐shaded area in right‐hand image) – consists of the skull/cranium, ribs, sternum and spine (including cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae and coccyx).
Appendicular skeleton (un‐shaded area in the right‐hand image) – consists of upper and lower limbs, plus the bones forming the ‘girdles’, which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton. These girdles are the pelvic (hip) girdle and the pectoral (shoulder) girdle. Bones in the appendicular skeleton include
scapula
ilium
clavicle
ischium
humerus
pubis
ulna
femur
radius
patella
carpals
tibia
metacarpals
fibula
phalanges
tarsals
metatarsals
Anatomy and physiology for exercise and fitness instructors | Manual | Version 1.0 © YMCA Awards 2018 26