Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work (QCF)
Welcome Introductions Course administration Venue H&S Facilities Mobile phones Student objectives
Course Requirements Must attend a one day course and successfully complete the CYQ Level 2 Award for Emergency First Aid at Work 1. On course attendance and participation 2. Worksheet questions in LAR 3. Verbal questioning 4. On-going observed practical course assessment Valid for a 3 year period Re-qualification is to attend and successfully complete this same course
Course Aims To provide basic life support and first aid training for the workplace to include: Role and responsibilities of a First Aider Signs and treatment for a choking casualty Signs and treatment for shock Management of external bleeding Treatment of minor injuries How to conduct a scene survey and respond correctly How to manage an unresponsive casualty Demonstrate effective Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Session 2 – The Role of the First Aider
What is First Aid? First Aid is the initial treatment given to someone who is injured or sick, prior to professional medical assistance arriving and taking over from you. As a First Aider your priorities are: PERSERVE life ALLEVIATE suffering PREVENT the condition from worsening PROMOTE recovery
Responsibilities Responsibilities can be broken down into six categories: 1. Arrival at the scene 2. Dealing with the casualties 3. Casualty communication 4. Contacting Emergency Services 5. Prioritising First Aid treatment 6. Clearing up process and infection control
Task In pairs discuss and list all the responsibilities for the category you have been given.
what you would need to do as the First Aider and be prepared to feedback to the class. Information to assist can be found in your student manual.
Consider
Responsibilities 1. Arrival at the scene Conduct a scene survey, make sure safe for self and others, act confidently, gather information, patient consent, call for help and seek bystander assistance 2. Dealing with the casualties Establish history, recognise signs and symptoms to prioritise treatment, safety for all, protect against contamination, calm and confident, call appropriate services 3. Casualty communication Honest, clear, concise communication,avoid further distress, eye contact and body language, listen to casualty, take your time!
Contacting Emergency Services Location Incident Other services Number of casualties Extent of injuries Location - REPEAT
Responsibilities 4. Contacting Emergency Services Location, Incident, Other Services, Number of casualties, Extent of Injuries, Repeat Location – remember LIONEL 5. Prioitising First Aid treatment 1st Breathing, 2nd Bleeding, 3rd Burns/breaks, 4th Other conditions 6. Clearing up process and infection control Wash hands, wear gloves, avoid contaminating wound, correct disposal of dressings / needles.
Preventing Cross Infection • Wash your hands and wear disposable gloves • Use a face shield as a minimum barrier if giving rescue breaths • Avoid coughing and sneezing over the wound • Dispose of all soiled dressings, including gloves, in an appropriately marked (orange/yellow) plastic bag • Dispose of sharp items, including syringes and needles, in a purpose made sharps bin and dispose of it appropriately. It may mean taking it to your local hospital for correct disposal • First Aiders must take appropriate safety precautions especially if the casualty is known to have a serious infection such as tuberculosis (TB), HIV or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS).
Treatment Casualty History + Signs and Symptoms = Diagnosis & Treatment
Aid Kits There are many different sizes and types of First Aid kits available depending on the risks to employees, and the public.
risks of your workplace will be assessed to identify what items need to be included in the first aid kit.
First
The
First Aid Kit Contents Minimum suggested contents: A guidance leaflet 20 adhesive dressings – assorted sizes 2 sterile eye pads 4 triangular bandages 6 medium sterile wound dressings 2 large sterile wound dressings 6 safety pins Disposable gloves Face shields, ice packs, eye wash, scissors etc., may also be included NO: medications, ointments or lotions
Legislation – Acts and Regs
Health and Safety at WorkAct 1974
Establishes the law and responsibilities of employers so far as reasonably practicable to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees. This also extends to non-employees such as outside contractors and members of the public.
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 (1982 in Northern Ireland)
Employers are required to provide adequate personnel, training, equipmentand facilities to render FIRST AID to their employees shouldthey become injured or taken ill at work.
Require employers to make a suitablesufficient assessment of the risks to health & safety of all their employees.
Management of the Health & Safety at Work Regulations1999
Accident and Incident Reporting • Date, time and place of incident • Name and job of injured or ill person • Details of the injury/illness and what First Aid was given • What happened to the person immediately afterwards? (e.g. – went back to work, went home, went to hospital) • Name and signature of the person reporting the incident • Must be kept in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998
RIDDOR
Reportingof
major injuries
Injuries, Diseaseand DangerousOccurrences Regulations Injuriescausing absence’sover 7days: Reportwithin15 days any injury that causes an employee to be off work or not able to perform their usual job for more than 7 days and any work-relatedill health within 15 days of a diagnosis ReportImmediatelydeaths and
includingamputations, loss of sight and most fractures.
Summary
: The aim of a First Aider is to provide prompt, safe and effective first aid treatment until medical services arrive.
Remember
Session 3 - Choking
– Signs What are the signs someone is choking? Difficulty breathing and speaking Coughing or gagging Clutching at the throat and pointing to the mouth Pale, grey/blue skin tone in later stages (cyanosis) Ultimately - Unconsciousness
Choking
Choking - Treatment 1) Encourage casualty to continue coughing 2) Remain calm and offer encouragement and reassurance 3) Check the mouth and remove any obstruction 4) Bend them forward and give 5 back slaps between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand 5) Check to see if object dislodges between each back slap 6) Give up to 5 abdominal thrusts 7) Repeat sequence up to 3 time if object is not removed. 8) Call an ambulance 9) Be prepared for casualty to become unconscious. 10) CPR
Session 4 - Shock
– Signs and Symptoms What are the signs of shock? Pale, ashen coloured skin (grey/blue) Clammy and cold skin to the touch Feeling of sickness and thirst Dizziness or passing out Fast, weak pulse Rapid, shallow breathing
Shock
Shock - Treatment 1) Treat the injury or condition 2) Make casualty comfortable – lay them down 3) Raise both legs (only if there are no obvious injuries) 4) Keep them warm and talk to them (maintain responsiveness) 5) CALL an ambulance 6) Monitor their responses and breathing 7) DO NOT allow them to smoke, eat, drink
Session 5 – External Bleeding
Types of External Bleeding Six types of external wounds: 1. Puncture 2. Laceration 3. Abrasion 4. Contusion 5. Incision 6. Velocity 1. Stabbing, standing on a nail 2. Rough tear - barbed wire 3. Scrape – gravel rash 4. Blunt blow causing bruising 5. Clean cut as in a knife wound 6. High velocity such as a gun shot
Types of Bleeding Arterial • Pumps from the wound with the heartbeat • Rich red colour Venous • Gushes from the wound or pools at the site • Darker red Capillary • Oozing at the site of injury
Bleeding - Treatment S E
Sit or Lay Examine Elevate Pressure
P
E
Bleeding - Treatment 1. Put on disposable gloves 2. Expose and examine wound 3. Apply direct pressure with hands or sterile dressing or non-fluffy clean pad (casualty can assist if able) 4. Elevate and support the injured part 5. Lie the casualty down if you suspect shock 6. Bandage with a sterile dressing large enough to cover wound
Bleeding - Treatment 7. If further bleeding occurs apply a second dressing 8. If blood continues to seep through remove all bandages and apply again ensuring pressure directly over wound 9. Support the injured limb with a sling or bandage if casualty allows 10. Monitor their response levels and CALL for an ambulance
Session 6 – Minor Injuries
cuts, grazes
bruises - Treatment Small cuts and grazes: Clean thoroughly with running water or antiseptic wipe and apply a sterile plaster or dressing big enough to cover cut. Seek medical help if: If cut does not stop bleeding after 5 minutes of firm pressure If there are signs of tissue / nerve damage (numbness) The wound is at risk of becoming infected The wound is infected The wound will create an unwelcome scar.
Small
and
Small cuts, grazes and bruises - Treatment Bruises: Cool the area with a cold compress or ice pack (wrapped in a towel). Apply for 10 minutes. Seek medical help if: If internal bruising is suspected (severe trauma, pain and swelling) The bruising lasts more than 2 weeks
Minor burns and scaldsTreatment Minor burns and scalds: 1. Ensure area safe and disconnect / remove heat source 2. Wear disposable gloves 3. Hold the burned area under running cold water for 10 minutes 4. If possible remove watch and jewellery around the affected area 5. Cover the burn with a suitable sterile dressing that is not fluffy. You can use cling film 6. Be prepared to treat the casualty for shock
Burns – cont.. Seek medical help if: You suspect casualty is going into shock - CALL an ambulance You are concerned about the type, size or location of the burn or if you suspect burn has become infected The casualty is a child or older adult YOU MUST NOT: Apply any form of cream, ointment or fat Burst any blisters Apply any form of adhesive dressing Remove anything stuck to the affected area
Small splinters - Treatment Small splinters: Use a blunt-edged object (for example credit card) to push the object out of the skin. Clean with sterile wipe Apply plaster / dressing if required (object remains embedded) Seek medical help if: The embedded object is glass or metal The wound becomes infected YOU MUST NOT: Use sharp item to dig out splinter Use tweezers especially with bee stings
Session 7 – Assessing an Incident, CPR and AEDs
Survey When confronted with an emergency situation take SHAPE! S – Safety and protection H – Hazards A – Assess the situation P – Prioritise E – Environment
Scene
Primary Survey
Primary
•Danger D •Response R •Shout for help HELP
Survey
•
A •Breathing B •CPR C
Primary Survey
Airway
Assessing Level of Consciousness
A – Alert V – Voice
Are they alert, if fully responsive check the extent of injury and deal with appropriately “Are you alright” If they are not alert, see if they will respond to voice commands
P
Pain U
Unresponsiveness
Place your hands on their shoulders and gentle shake
If there is no response all they are deemed unresponsive or unconscious SHOUT FOR HELP
–
–
Recovery Position A breathing, unconscious casualty should be placed in the recovery position to? A – Airway S – Stability D – Drainage A – Alignment
Recovery Position • Remove glasses if present and check for sharp or bulky objects in their pockets • Kneel beside them and place the arm nearest to you at a right angle to the body with the elbow bent at 90 degrees and palm facing up • Check for rings and jewellery on the hand furthest away and spin round any protruding item (diamonds etc..) • Bring the far arm towards you across the chest and place the back of the hand against the cheek nearest to you
Recovery Position • Bend the furthest knee to 90 degrees and keep their foot flat • Hold their hand against their cheek and use the bent knee to roll them towards you –supporting the head throughout • Ensure the head is tilted back and angled towards the floor • Bring the higher leg over the top the provide stability • Check breathing again
If you
If
• You
• Continue
arrives
Recovery Position •
suspect spinal damage or serious injury and you are unable to keep an open airway in their current position, then you will need to move them with care •
you suspect spinal damage but can maintain an open airway, then leave them in the position they are in
will need to repeat the process to move them onto the other side every 30 mins to reduce pressure on the lower arm
to monitor breathing until help
Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR) CPR for a non-breathing, unconscious casualty:
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) CPR for a non-breathing, unconscious casualty: 1. CALL for HELP – 999 or 112 for emergency services 2. Start chest compressions x 30 without delay 3. Open airway and give 2 breaths 4. Continue compressions 5. Repeat the cycle until someone qualified takes over or casualty starts breathing Ratio: 30 compressions to 2 breaths (30:2) Depth: 5-6 cms Speed: 100-120 per minute (2 x per second)
AEDs provide an electric shock to the heart to organise heart rhythms
Use within 3-5 minutes can improve survival by 50-70%
They are commonly available in public places such as stations, libraries, parks and some supermarkets
Automated External Defibrillators
Automated External Defibrillators Unpack AED as soon as it arrives (pause CPR if no one else can help) Remove anything metallic that may come into contact with pads (jewellery, wired bras etc..) Most AEDs will have directions on where to place the pads Ensure they are 10cm away from a pacemaker (look for a small scar in the upper chest area) You may need to shave an area of the chest to help adhesion (most AEDS contain razors)
Automated External Defibrillators Pads will often be labelled left and right (if you put them the wrong way round it will still work) The device will give verbal instructions for you to follow for successful use once switched on Some devices also have instructions on a screen for hard of hearing Ensure no one touches the patient during use AEDs will analyse heart rhythym so you cannot shock accidentaly
Automated External Defibrillators Continue CPR with AED in place after shock is complete The AED will analyse every 2 minutes and advise if an additional shock is necessary Continue until professional help arrives If the patient shows signs of recovery (breathing, movement, communication) then perform a breathing test, place in the recovery position and leave the AED in place
Session 8 – Seizures
Seizures – Signs and Treatment Common with Major Epilepsy – check for medical alert bracelets Convulsions Rigidity and arching of the back Clenched jaw Sudden unconsciousness often lets out a cry Cyanosis (blue/grey around lips) Possible loss of bladder / bowel control Frothy saliva at mouth, may appear blood stained
Seizures - Treatment Support or ease casualty’s fall Make space around casualty Ask bystanders to move away Protect the casualties head Record the duration of the seizure Do not restrain casualty Do not put anything in their mouth Monitor breathing Recovery position
Seizures – When to dial 999/112 IF your casualty is unresponsive for longer than five minutes OR if the seizure lasts for longer than five minutes OR if it is a repeated seizure OR it is their first seizure
Session 9 – EFA in the Workplace
EFA in the workplace
To demonstrate understanding of the content covered by accurately completing the Emergency First Aid in the workplace worksheet in the LAR Pages 11- 14 FA questions and accident report form in 60 minutes.
Session Aims:
Session 10 – Course Evaluation
In Summary To provide basic life support and first aid training for the workplace to include: ✓Role and responsibilities of a First Aider ✓Signs and treatment for a choking casualty ✓Signs and treatment for shock ✓Management of external bleeding ✓Treatment of minor injuries ✓How to conduct a scene survey and respond correctly ✓How to manage an unresponsive casualty ✓Demonstrate effective Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Course Evaluation ✓Completed assessment elements and signed off ✓Student objectives achieved ✓Completed YMCA evaluation forms ✓REPS and CPD information ✓Any questions? ✓Further First Aid information: ✓www.hse.gov.uk/firstaid ✓www.hseni.gov.uk
