Report for sculpture art academy training centre

TIA YI TING

ARC 4902 TOPICAL STUDY

TOPICAL STUDY (ARC4902)

Coordinator

DR.NOR AZLINA BINTI ABU BAKAR

Prepared by TIA YI TING | 189007

TIA YI TING

Contents 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Definitions 3.1 Urban Village 3.2 Sense of belonging 3.3 Cultural Tourists 4. Case study of Hutong, China 5. Discussion 5.1 Create heritage & tourism place 5.2 Create creative environment and destination 6. Conclusion

ARC 4902 TOPICAL STUDY

TIA YI TING

ARC 4902 TOPICAL STUDY

How cultural bring sense belonging of villages and enhance opportunity for village in urban city by build cultural tourists Abstract According the world bank group website, Malaysia has fourth-largest amount of built-up land in at Asia as of 2010. Its urban land grew from about 3,900 square kilometres to 4,600 between 2000 and 2010, an average annual growth rate of 1.5%, which was lower than the 2.4% average for the region. Kuala Lumpur urban area was the eighth largest in the region in 2010. It larger than some megacity urban areas like Jakarta, Manila, and Seoul despite its smaller.The expansion of the city have a gradual and intense impact on the villages of existing cities, and continued pressure on economic development continues to affect cities development plan.

Nowadays, high rise building around Asia country already replaced the traditional urban village. This case causes two different lifestyles or meets the needs of the residents. Therefore, the most of the residents feel the sense belonging and the culture become gradually weaken. Beside , it also face problem of redevelopment by government and develops. This paper focuses on how to use culture art to protect last village and sense of belonging for community by build cultural tourists in Kampong Baharu Kuala Lumpur.

Keywords: Urban Village, Sense of belonging, cultural tourists

Introduction Change of the cities in Malaysia ,including Kuala Lumpur has led to fundamental changes in urban society fields. The preservation of these homes is part of the Malay Heritage Park (Taman Warisan Melayu) project included in the Kampong Baru re-development plan which will be presented at the town hall session with the residents on 21ST Sep 2019. 2020 Kuala Lumpur City Structure Plan is looking forward to being optimized use the land to promote indigenous participation in the city .

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Increase the scale and density of urban development .The centre is changing the main part of the city, Petronas Twin Towers: national pride. Planning site Land reserved for the Malays (often referred to as MRA land) includes traditional villages and new villages in the city. Designed to improve the quality of housing and upgrade infrastructure and the general public facilities. As land values rise, many of them already instead, new property development includes: existing community to new residential area. The plan will also include a green area as part of its sustainable commitment and a designated “Heritage Village” where cultural centres will be built to commemorate Kampung Baru’s history as one of the oldest Malay settlements in the city. The villagers have a lot of their emotional and love of place as the value of the communities on past experiences and memories and their aesthetical attainment at there. . The emotional bonding and love of place is based on the concept of Topophilia which was introduced by Yi-Fi Tuan (1974).

According to Tuan Topophilia is the 'human love of place'.

The changes to the environment and living place affect the sense of place and

sense of belonging, thus the villagers felt they lost their identity. Without the sense of place, the village which was loved before now becomes a public place without meaning (Peet 1998). The new environment is feared, felt very foreign and confusing. The fear of place (Topophobia) reflect confusion and worries towards the place of living amongst the post-industrial communities who live in the urban environment (Tuan 1974; Relph 1976).

Literature Review 3.1 Sense of belonging Efforts have been fruitful in identifying what gives meaning to people's lives, as m ultiple lines of research have shown that social relationships are crucial to finding meani ng in life (e.g., Lambert al., 2010; Stillman et al., 2009; Williams, 1997, 2002).

Belonging, thus, offers "reassurance that we are not alone," says Ms. Hattaway. That it’s not just us, even at times of loneliness and isolation (whether as newcomers to a college, or a foreign country). That our stories are validated and that our experiences

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matter. But there is one thing that can make belonging even more meaningful. It, according to Ms. Hattaway, is finding a way to give back to others.

For the affect and meaning they breathe into our lives (“Meaningfulness comes from contributing to other people, whereas happiness comes from what they contribute to you,” writes psychologist Roy Baumeister). Sometimes, sitting across people who love us, with food on the table and laughter in the air, belonging is easy. Other times, when the warmth of home is a mere memory, a stranger's kind smile will be the only promise that we are not alone. And then on other days, the best way to find belonging will be by letting others find belonging in us. Day after day, by maintaining our ties, we fan the flames of belonging. Through taking hope in the goodness of each other — that somebody else went through our suffering and that somebody else enjoyed our happiness. We need somebody else. To complete our identity patchwork with our unique traits and those we share with friends and family.

Everybody ,not surprisingly, wants their history to be recognized, as well as being given the freedom and resources interpret it. Merriman (1991) argues that that the past belongs to everyone, and that everyone should access to the past. He perceives museums to be the principal means by which people can gain access to their history; however, he also criticizes the failure within the sector to maximize public access to that history. His survey work reveals that the main barriers to access are based on cultural factors (e.g. people’s perceptions of museum) rather than structural factors, such as physical access, transport, time and money. This suggests that people feel excluded from their history, and that there is a need to increase cultural empowerment or cultural capital. Only certain groups (mainly more highly educated people) tend to visit museum, and Merriman argues that museum and heritage visitation is often based more on status affirmation than orientations to the past.

3.2 Urban Village The urban village is an area occupied by the urban community that lives and resides in the urban environment as a group or in certain group which was formed or

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naturally due to urbanization. The formation of the urban village concept is based on two circumstances, which is due to the effects of urbanization and the result of the urban village formation concept brought about by the planning and strategy of redeveloping

the

urban

area.(Mohamad

Shaharudin

Samsurijan

,Azahan

Awang,Kadaruddin Aiyub,Mohd Yusoff Hussain ,Kadir Arifin and Kumarashwaran Vedevelu.et al. A review of the “ Urban Village “Concept :An Operational Definition in Malaysia ( ISSN 2289-4470 /eISSN 2462-2400 , 31 October 2017) .

Firstly ,a traditional town village located within the limits of the city, the administrative center of the city, as well as the Town / Town Council area. The inhabitants have the real rights to the land they occupy, whereby the place and the property are collective; it was inherited by the community that lives in the area and has family relations with each other, has its own village organizations and continues to practice its rituals, traditions and culture.

Second, the fundamental characteristics of the social environment of a village in Malaysia are often influenced by social relationships, culture and local traditions as well as organizational structures that ultimately strengthen the collective social involvement of the population (Mohd Yusof et al., 2011). Most of the population living in the village area has close family relationships, which helps to create a separate community. In the villages, cooperative practices among the family involving activities such as community service, community work during festivals, religious class attendance and mutual visits are typical (Mohd Yusof et al., 2011). All these practices are traditional in nature and have become a cultural heritage, especially in reference to social involvement.

Beside that, the characteristic phenomena of the urban village arose-an urban enclave surrounded by the town that contrasts sharply between the modernized outside and the underdeveloped inside village. While some people think of the urban village as dirty, messy, shabby, crowded, ugly, and unsafe, others can see how it mixes traditional clan culture with original residents ' friendly community with mobility, multi-regional cultures,

and

inspiration

from

their

tenants

to

modernize.

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ARC 4902 TOPICAL STUDY

The urban village forges these forces into a diverse, diversified and inclusive social envi ronment by hybridizing and incorporating them spontaneously, which now serves as an arrival group for the explosive influx of new immigrants to the region.

In many cities, Urban Villages serve as an indispensable secondary market of urban housing. However, their development is not regulated by any form of official urban planning due to the rural status of Urban Village land. Many Urban Villages are heavily populated, overdeveloped and lacking basic infrastructure. Urban government and formal urban citizens generally hold a negative view of Urban Villages, regarding them as ‘eyesores' and backward places', and blaming them for inefficient and chaotic land use that hampers the process of ‘modernization'. Because city government treats urban villages as more of an urban management issue, it is a politically important and essential process for local government to control urban villages. Such contribute to many residential villages being destroyed and redeveloped. Cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and many of them have large-scale redevelopment proposals for the Urban Village. But none of them are focused on the new home for landless and migrant workers, it's just about earning more money from these newly high-standard residential buildings. （ Hang Zhou,Redevelopment of Urban Village in Shenzhen .Master Thesis. University of Massachusetts Amherst ;2014 ） Undeniable ， Malaysia also face this kind of problem that the local government want to redeveloped the kampong Baharu into a i-city .

3.3 Cultural Tourists The journey of people to specific destinations that offer cultural attractions, includ ing historic sites and artistic and cultural events and shows, with the aim of acquiring ne w knowledge and experiences that meet the intellectual needs and individual growth of t he traveler.

Greg Richards (2018) mentions about the rise of cultural tourism has also been marked by the emergence of a range of new niches, such as heritage tourism, arts tourism, gastronomic tourism, film tourism and artistic tourism. Just as an expanding notion of culture had helped stimulate the growth of cultural tourism in the 1990s, so the

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fragmentation of the concept of cultural tourism itself helped to bring about an increase in the proportion of field-specific publications. Growth has brought its own challenges, and by 2013 Boniface was already pointing out problems with the overcrowding of World Heritage Sites, a trend often connected to the notion of' over tourism.'

The challenges facing the conservation of tangible heritage and tourists ' growing desire for new experiences also helped to focus attention on the role of intangible heritage in to urism (du Cros, 2012). A UNWTO Report on Tourism and Culture Synergies (2018), which included online surveys covering 43% of UNWTO Member States as well as 61 foreign experts and academics in the field, recently focused on the changing nature of cultural tourism. This research demonstrated the value of cultural tourism, with 89% of national tourism authorities suggesting that cultural tourism was part of their tourism strategy. The respondents also suggested that in the following five years they were anticipating more development in cultural tourism.

Cultural tourism was also one of the types of tourism that received a new operational definition from the UNWTO at the 22nd Session of the General Assembly held in Chengdu, China (UNWTO, 2017: 18): Cultural tourism is a type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination.

These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, intellectual, spiritual and emotional features of a society that encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions.

4. Case study of Hutong Beijing In Beijing, this phase of branding the city had to integrate the historical prestige of Beijing as China's traditional capital, while also creating an image of a modern city capable of handling foreign trade (Wang 2001, Broudehoux 2004). The emphasis on the traditional history of Beijing has been a central part of its process of making new

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pictures. Cultural heritage was seen by leaders as an important attribute of Beijing that separated it from other economic centers like Shanghai and Guangzhou (Wang 2001).

Such shifts have hit the hutong and the si he yuan building. Many residents voluntarily left the old, falling apart buildings with modern amenities for high-rises, but many were forcibly evicted and moved far from the city center due to development projects that tore down entire rows of hutong. Residents argued that their land and relocation expenses were not adequately paid, and some protested by refusing to leave until the last possible minute. The phase of planning and resettlement was never straightforward, and residents often learned that their community was being demolished as late as nine days prior to construction (Meyer 2008). But at the same time they slowly gained more and more attention as the hutong vanished. The government of Beijing established 25 safe districts in 2002, spending millions of dollars on improving infrastructure in these regions. Photographers have captured the hutong's last days, publishing nostalgic novels, journals, and postcards. Housing costs skyrocketed in the remaining courtyard homes as foreigners and rich Chinese bought and restored them, while the rate of growth of tourism increased dramatically.

The hutong tourism trend started around 1994, according to most accounts. At first, the number of tours and guesthouses grew gradually, but hutong tourism had become hutong fever by 2002. For foreign tourists especially, visiting a hutong was added to the standard tour in Beijing that also includes the usual trips to the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and Tiananmen Square. Both Chinese media and foreign guidebooks exhorted that experiencing hutong life was essential to a foreign tourist's ability to understand "real Chinese culture" (Li 2008). Tourists can cycle, ride , bikes or ride through the hutong in a pedicel, visit a home in the courtyard, have a drink in a bar in the courtyard, or stay in a hostel in the courtyard. Also popular with Chinese tourists was walking through the hutong. The hutong's appeal to Chinese visitors included sites of former residences of famous writers, nobility, and politicians, the charm of "Old Beijing" life, the quiet of the hutong in the middle of the busy city, and the increasing number of bars and cafes where friends or business partners could meet.

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They had to be careful about how they spoke about it, however. Once upon a time, the hutong south of the city gates were as popular for the brothels they housed as they were for the merchants living and working there. "Walking through the hutong (guang hutong)" in Beijing's slang at that time meant visiting several brothels and gambling houses, something even emperors were told to do from time to time.

Alternatively, the newspaper article telling this story recommended that tourists use the term "touring the hutong (hutong you)" to prevent unpleasant memories (Hu 2005).

Tourism development has not always gone smoothly in the hutong. Various local management has resulted in drastically different results in the 25 protected districts. A 2006 government survey estimated that half of one-district hutong tour companies, Shichahai, were illegal. The study addressed how the uncontrolled nature of the growth of hutong tourism filled the once predominantly residential neighborhood with shops and bars, while rows of pedicels pulling tourists clattered day and night through the neighborhood, disturbing the quiet atmosphere that was part of the neighborhood's attraction in the first place (Guo 2006).

A tourist street is lined with restaurants, shops and coffee houses in another district, Nanluoguxiang. The local government, however, passed an order restricting the quantity of bars, so the environment is much quieter than Shichahai. Some hutong neighborhoods 10 still experienced very little growth in tourism, while other protected neighborhoods were cleared out of residents, completely demolished and reconstructed in a historic style (Meyer 2008). This uneven development shows that what exactly to protect is still unclear, even in the protected districts.

5. Discussion 5.1 Create heritage & tourism place To build up sense of belonging in urban village which is create a space that can refresh villages memory. Even thought some of them had already move out ,there still have identiti at the place .It create a platform that can let people and new generation know about the cultural art can also integrated not only in the past but also now.Jacobs

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(1996:35) similarly sees heritage as a kind of accolade for which different groups compete; ‘Heritage is not any simple sense the reproduction and imposition of dominant valued.It is dynamic process of creation in which a multiolicity of pasts jostle for purpose of being sanctified as heritage.’ Gathercole and Lowenthal state: The past is everywhere a battleground of rival attachments. In discovering , correcting ,elaborating , inverting, and celebrating their histories, competing group struggle to validate present goals by appealing to continuity with, or inheritance from, ancestral and other precursors. The politics of the past is no trivial academic game :it is an integral part of every peoples’ earnest search for a heritage essential to autonomy and identity.

That is the reason why people’s access to their own past, it is contentious as to which aspects of the past should be selected for presentation to public.

Though this, it create environments and destinations which a platform for community which didn’t familiar with this village to know and interpretation to public.

Based on UNESCO (2006) mention that creative tourism involves more interaction, in which the visitor has an educational, emotional, social, and participative interaction with the pace, its living culture, and the people who live there. They feel like a citizen…while creative tourism must be linked to culture, the particular cultural expressions wil be unique to each place. Therefore, if kampong baharu have that kind of ideas like Penang or Melaka will shows public more fact of living place and bring extra opportunity such as business, flow area .Besides ,government will concern about it is an cultural tourism area and reconsider about development this area .

5.2 Create creative environment and destinations Florida’s work (2002) suggests that people tend to gravitate towards locations which are more tolerant and open to new ideas. It is therefore important for governments to help develop creative quarters or clusters within a city or other environment in order to attract more business and workers. This might be done through subsided rents for artists, tax-free loans on land or property, and other incentives to settle in an area (e.g. green spaces, good-quality infrastructure).Evans (2001) describes it as a means of integrating cultural resources into strategic urban development .It is not sustainable to construct cultural ’flagships’ n isolation fro the rest of urban development. If local residents fail to engage with such developments, there is little

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chance of them surviving. Equally ,if a sense of place is to be maintained or enhanced, a balance must be struck between emphasis that is heritage and the celebration of contemporary culture and the art. This can let a place have more unlimited opportunity to develop and become an iconic of the area. People can have a place for leisure area without any fee and they have more interaction with other, which can promote feeling with other neighborhood. It becomes a gather place that people can share their art ideas with other.

6.Conclusion Richards (1999) describes how culture, crafts and tourism are becoming inseparable partners. Arts and crafts production can play a central role in the local economy of communities, and tourism can help to support and strengthen the continuation of local cultural production. The kinds of souvenirs that might be purchased depend very much on local resources and traditions, but may include textiles, carvings, pottery, paintings and jewelry, among others. It is noted that the authenticity of arts and crafts is considered very important for the majority of cultural tourists. The commodification and mass production of tourist souvenirs is widespread, but many craft workers are now using government-approved stamps of autheticity to protect local production and to reassure tourists seeking authentic products.

Though this ,it can bring the sense of belonging in urban village and bring a lot of opportunity in that area .Therefore, villagers have a protection wall from media and mass to voice out their option on how develop urban village to government and develops. Interactive neighborhood of the village can promote and next generation can know more about history this urban village. Workshop and plaza can be catalyst on this academy that build an environment that connect urban and urban village. Its also bring some memories which had appear those resident daily life by carry out activities.

Clearly, if encourage culture art to carry out , it can built cultural tourism area in urban village which give a lot of opportunity to that area.

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https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/betweencultures/201704/belonging) 7. Melanie K.Smith (2009) Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. Second Edition