Xu yifei 825646 finaljournal by YIFEI

2018 SEM1

YIFEI XU 825646

STUDIO: AIR

CONTENT Introduction A1. Designing Future A2. Computation A3. From Composition To Generation A4. Conclusion A5. Learning Outcome A6. Appendix

3 5 12 18 24 24 25

I N TR OD UC TI ON Hi, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m Frank, a third-year student and majoring in architecture at the University of Melbourne. I interest lie in the teardown of electrical devices and many other things. I am fascinated to learn how they are built and how they worked. This hobby drives me to explore the world of architecture. Meanwhile, I am from Nanjing which is a well-developed city in China. Many wonderful buildings were built there. I was wondering how they were built and why they can be built in such height. They gave me a lot of motivation to step into this field of architecture.

PART A for CONCEPTUALISATION

A1.Designing Future In Fryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s reading, the humankind uses 25% faster of renewable resources out of the resource renew rate.1 And because the population in the whole world counts in billions, the designing future will mainly around the sustainability.

Sustainable design will be the theme of the future design. Apart from it, computation will be the method to speed up the design and construction processes and generate the complex project to create the variety of possibility of architecture. Computation makes the strange-shape building into reality. Because many teams create their own algorithm to design their building. Moreover, some algorithm can simulate the possible changes of architecture like install solar panels and sky garden to suit a sustainable environment. Furthermore, prefabrication is the sustainable way of future construction manner. For instance, a building has 57 floors and it had been built within 19 days in Hunan, China.2 The prefabrication makes this happened in the reality. Materials are treated in one centralized factory could help reduce emission. The reduction of working days of construction will make surrounding neighbourhood to suffer less noise and dust.

Hence, the future design is about simulating everything and achieve sustainability through the design process for the good to all humankind.

1.1 LOS ANGELES RAMS STADIUM - HKS LINE

Even though the Los Angeles Ran Stadium does not exist at this moment. It changed many people’s conventional idea about how “rigid stadium” looks like. It has a visually dramatic roof, as it is attached to the ground but not a circle in the air like others. The shape of the stadium is radical and revolutionary.

Meanwhile, urbanist Mia Lehrer designed an extensive collection of greenery and trees from inside to outside with a fluid outline. They create the unique shape and the great environment for the stadium.3

HKS did many challenging designs in this project. The bold idea is the HKS need to sink the architecture 100 feet into the ground and give it a sweeping, transparent roof. FIG 1.1

The stadium is about sustainability, apart

landmark building in Southern California.

from the greenery design, the roof design is multifunctional. It cut down aeroplanes’

People valued the stadium as the facility

noise, keep the rain out and the most impor-

for watching a football game. But it is not

tant function is it allowed the great California

enough. The performance venue and about

sunlight into the building instead of artificial

12,500 parking lots will be built and be the

light and it can save massive energy. Interest-

heart of the development. Besides, further

ingly, the huge NFL letters are shown on

construction will add residential buildings, a

the roof facing the air as a billboard from Le

hotel, office, retail spaces and a civic square

Corbusier’s idea which is the roof can be “fifth

on the Western edge of the stadium. These

facade”.

ancillary facilities keep the stadium functional and operational while the game is held in

This stadium itself has a capacity of 70,000

the stadium for massive people’s need. And

and if it needs, the number can be expanded

it will be the promotion of attracting people

to 100,000.3 This is not just number to

to live in this area when no games are held

architect, it means the internal design will be

in the stadium. Moreover, the stadium will

well-arranged and ancillary facilities such as

be connected to the main highway, so the

a huge car park and restaurants are required.

stadium is not only about the Super Bowls, it

However, the most challenge part is how

about the future of Inglewood.

HKS make this stadium knit into the civic and cultural life of Inglewood rather than another

FIG 1.2

FIG 1.3

FIG 1.4

1.12 PHILIPS PAVILION - LE CORBUSIER AND XENAKIS (1958)

Philips Pavilion was designed and constructed for Expo in 1958. The main idea of Expo 58 is science, cavillation and humanity. Philips pavilion was the combination of these themes and be illustrated to the public by Le Corbusier and Lannis Xenakis. The architecture itself is profound in 1958. The radical shape is like the stomach of a cow with the resulting basic form of a mathematical algorithm form. This is the instigate change during the times because the most architects were using paper, pencil and ruler to design regular-shape house.

FIG 1.5

Moreover, the structure is made with a combination of steel and reinforces the concrete system. The complexity of the pavilion is impossible to build a conventional poured concrete structure. Xenakis and his engineer create a system of the prefabricated concrete panel because the method of using prefabricated panels was easy to implement. These methods should be appreciated by following architects. Since the future designing is computation and prefabrication. Computation which can speed up the design process and generate the complex project. Meanwhile, the prefabrication makes construction process easier due some process can be done in

the factory and only need to be assembled in the site in a sustainable way to build architecture. The result was a building built quickly and efficiently to meet all both visually and acoustically requirements.5 Philips pavilion is disassembled at the following year because people thought its structure cannot deal with the low temperature in the winter. The original function is valued by people as they have a wonderful tour in the pavilion In just 10 minutes to show the main ideas of Expo.

FIG 1.6

FIG 1.7

FIG 1.8

A2. COMPUTATION

NATURE

Computer designing is the key to modern archi-

Furthermore, computation can simulate all envi-

tecture design. Most architect use computer to

ronmental impact to architecture and architects

design internal and external space, simulate the

even can design their own algorithms to design

environmental impact. As computation is spread-

their unique or performance required buildings.

ing widely, architecture is redefined via many

In the meantime, these architects earned the

algorithms simulated into a variety of buildings.

open future as the software engineer that famil-

Moreover, the computerized design plan made

iar to the field of architecture.

prefabrication is possible, and it could speed construction process and reduce emission.

Overview of the 3D model of Manhattan Untied States of America FIG 1.9

1.21ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2016-17

FIG 1.10

FIG 1.11

What ICD/ITKE did is different from 2012’s. For instance, spider’s thread has the incredible tensile strength in the natural world, even there is no artificial material can be compared. Therefore, ICD and ITKE began their research from Animalia kingdom. They chose leaf miner caterpillar’s string as the example of their construction frame. The string attached to the bent leaf and the fibre anchoring the leaf becomes a cocoon. They study the volumetric winding, fibre directionality and edge reinforcement of its string to simulate the pavilion in the reality. The volumetric winding makes the largest areas of limited resources is possible. The fibre directionality research leads to principal stresses analysis and they chose to use primary carbon ribs with a glass body. Moreover, the research of edge reinforcement leads to folding edges above the carbon ribs. ICD/ITKE’s work is revolutionary and radical to the present day. They used the programmable, self-assembled robot and a drone which is special skills required, carbon fibre which is expensive to make a pavilion. These cause It is hard to replicate and cost too much for normal constructions. however, if the pattern of weave can be programmed and be replicated, for example, in the design of bridges. In the future, the construction of the bridge is no need to have the manpower and the bridge has the advantage of lightweight, high strength and a relatively long lifespan.6

FIG 1.12

This high-end pavilion illustrates how bionic can help people to create a safe, lightweight and solid structure. It spreads the idea that bionic technology can create a sustainable design future because bionic structure provides more solid strength but require less material and it leads to much less emission and this will change the situation that described in the Fry’s book.

FIG 1.13

Even this pavilion is the demonstration of the bionic future, it provides the basic function of a pavilion which is a shelter in the real world. People can take a rest under this pavilion. It is not a dump like some other exhibit.

FIG 1.14

1.22 Mesh Mould: Robotically fabricated metal meshes Computation helps architect in many

make less workload and speed up the

processes but it could help construction

construction process. The team design an

process and save money and reduce

algorithm to generate the best option of

waste. 7Mesh mould affect fabrication

the steel structure to reinforce concrete

process in architecture to achieve sustain-

element after simulating the possibil-

ability. In old days, people use the tempo-

ity and performance of the structure.

rary mould to make reinforced concrete

Meanwhile, it can adjust to any situation

fixed. However, temporary mould will

after algorithm finished. This design will

break someday and it becomes the liabil-

give architect an open future to an algo-

ity of environment. Mesh mould redefine

rithm designer, a software engineer or a

the practice that it is the reinforcement

structure specialist but they are familiar

and it can hold concrete tie until it fixes

with the field of architecture which can

to become an architectural element.

cooperate to other teams to make unique architecture in the future.

Mesh mould makes prefabrication is more likely into reality because prefabri-

FIG 1.15

cation will let fabricate work be done in a factory which leads less emission. It, also,

FIG 1.16

FIG 1.17

A3. FROM COMPOSITION TO GENRATION

FIG 1.18 Using software to design algorithm to generation design At present days, the design process is not only used paper to sketch and using paper to leads construction. People use a computer to deal with highly complex situations. Computation gives architect capacity to generate complex order, form and structure. Computation is becoming a new method for an architect to design large project to speed up the design and construction processes to save the cost. “Architecture is currently experiencing a shift from the drawing to the algorithm as the method of capturing and communicating designs.” The architect should use algorithmic thinking to deal with future designing. Moreover, parametric design is a process based on algorithmic thinking that enables the expression of parameters and rules that, together, define, encode and clarify the relationship between design intent and design response. 8 In the future, architecture design will be more complex and more sustainable. Many algorithms were combined to design an architecture was never existed before. There are some examples will be illustrated below.

“When architects have a sufficient understanding of algorithmic concepts, when we no longer need to discuss the digital as something different, then computation can become a true method of design for architecture.”9

Bonatti Bivouc A wooden shelter at the altitude of 2735m FIG 1.19

At the altitude of 2735m, a wooden house was built by architecture student. It provides the temporary refuge shelter for the a Neuveâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s glacier. This wooden house only using wooden material without any steel junctions. According to theoretical architect semper said, their design uses the joints to form a piece of architecture.10 Since wooden material can resist reformation rather than other material. Hence, it is the suitable solution for high altitude shelter and can be reused for a long time. The team of students design a seemingly com-

plex system to generate the design. This parametric algorithm can be used by other people. By changing some value, they can replicate this design and built this shelter in any part of the world. Replicable is the advantage that never be imaged in the old era. Easy install process only use simple tools is the cons. However, it requires special skill like knowing the meaning of each value and be able to use the basic function of grasshopper. Moreover, if some people want to replicate, they should have ability to cut wooden materials precisely which may require special machine.

FIG 1.20

FIG 1.22

FIG 1.21

FIG 1.23

FIG 1.24

FIG 1.25

FIG 1.26

CNC-Milled Screen Wall A wall from big date People are hard to image how big date involve into architecture design process. However, in the corporation IBM, they design an algorithm to analysis big date from Watson to use CNC mailed overlapping sets of lines to create the unique screen wall. This screen wall actually combination of two layers of aluminum screens and create an intricate screen of information that is lit from between the two layers.11 It is the indication of representing a massive date set. And opens an entire discussion about the role of the human in the sea of informa-

tion we create every day. The advantages are architects can create variety architectures by designing different algorithm in parametric software to show their thought. The result of algorithm can be change and replicate by another big data. However, it requires CNC cutting machine and special skills of treating big data. And the most important thing is the possibility of leaking out private information is increasing by widely using big data.

FIG 1.27

A4. CONCLUSION While architect has a good idea, he can draw it down and simulate key data by using calculator. If something is changed, he may need to calculate them all again to fix the result. Thanks to computation nowadays, architects just need to use parametric software to simulate key data and change them in seconds if needs. Meanwhile, it quickens the process from paper to real buildings and it can tear complex project down to teamwork, allowing more possibility in architecture. Even though the exist parametric software cannot fulfill architectsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; need, they can design their own algorithm to create their own project. This situation makes the variety and the open designing of architecture because they can simulate everything in the computer same as the reality. Moreover, computation can modular architectural element and produce them in centralized factory which can make less emission to achieve sustainability.

A5. Learning Outcome In a few weeks, I learned what and how architecture history is rewritten by computation. By using grasshopper, the ideas in the past can be simulated in the software in the ways that I even not think about. Some complex model is hard to achieve in Rhino through hundreds of clicks but in seconds in the Grasshopper. I learned the future is about computation and simulating everything to a better modern and sustainable outcome compare to old manmade projects. The computation means variety and different possibility of architecture. I should use these tools in a better way to boost my design process and design better projects.

A6. Appendix

The logic of the tower is to create a rectangle first, then two groups of arrays of rectangular parts are used to generate floor edge lines of each layer of the tower, one group is rotated layer by layer clockwise, and the other group is rotated layer by layer anticlockwise to extrude the cover of the two groups of rotating floor edge lines to generate a corresponding floor structure. And finally extracting the vertex of the edge line of the floor, and vertically connecting the vertices to generate a support rod structure of the edge

Several line segments are generated by the coordinates of the points, the distribution position of the points on the straight line is influenced by the function curve, then the points are connected into a curve again, a surface with undulations is generated by loft lofting, the surface is subdivided, the edge of the generated sub-surface is taken as a frame of a roof, two groups of triangles are created by four vertexes of the sub - surface, the two groups of triangles are extruded downwards to generate a surface, four supporting points are found at four corner positions of the ground, and the supporting pillars are generated correspondingly by connecting the angles to the vertexes of the sub-surface through judging the closest points of the corner points to the vertexes of the subsurface

Reference Photos Fig1.1 Hawthorne, Christopher. 2018. “The real challenge for Los Angeles’ new football stadium is everything around it”, latimes.com <http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/architecture/la-et-cm-inglewood-stadium-design-20160208-column.html> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.2,1.3 2018. Gizmodo.com <https://gizmodo.com/the-big-problem-with-las-new-football-stadium-1757924206?IR=T> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.4 Pratt, Wayne, Jason Rosenbaum, Jason Rosenbaum, and Jason Rosenbaum. 2018. “LA still attractive to Rams and other teams”, News. stlpublicradio.org <http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/la-still-attractive-rams-and-other-teams#stream/0> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.5 Velleman, Jimmy. 2018. “The Philips Pavilion by Le Corbusier and Iannis Xenakis - Expo 1958”, Anartlovers.blogspot.com <https:// anartlovers.blogspot.com/2017/09/the-philips-pavilion-by-le-corbusier.html> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.6-1.8 “AD Classics: Expo ‘58 + Philips Pavilion / Le Corbusier and Iannis Xenakis”. 2018. ArchDaily<https://www.archdaily.com/157658/adclassics-expo-58-philips-pavilion-le-corbusier-and-iannis-xenakis> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.9 “Gnarly Architecture”. 2018. Gnarly Architecture <https://gnarlyarchitecture.wordpress.com/> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.10-1.14 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2016-17 | Institute for Computational Design and Construction”. 2018. Icd.uni-stuttgart.de <http://icd. uni-stuttgart.de/?p=18905> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.15,1.16 (DFAB), NCCR, MIT News, Oliver Mitchell, Robocars.com Brad Templeton, and Wyss Institute and others. 2018. “Mesh Mould: Robotically fabricated metal meshes | Robohub”, Robohub.org<http://robohub.org/mesh-mould-robotically-fabricated-metal-meshes/> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.17 “Mesh Mould: 3D printing complex metal mesh structures for construction sites”. 2018. 3ders.org<https://www.3ders.org/ articles/20160729-mesh-mould-3d-printing-complex-metal-mesh-structures-for-construction-sites.html> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.18 “20 Composition Techniques That Will Improve Your Photos”. 2018. PetaPixel<https://petapixel.com/2016/09/14/20-compositiontechniques-will-improve-photos/> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.19,1.20 “The Bonatti Bivouac (bivouatti)”. 2018. Louhichi.ch <http://louhichi.ch/gallery/the-bonatti-bivouac-bivouatti/> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.21,1.22 “The Glacier Shelter Built from Nothing but Wood”. 2018. ArchDaily<https://www.archdaily.com/886141/the-glacier-shelter-builtfrom-nothing-but-wood> [accessed 16 March 2018] Fig 1.23-1.27 “Big Data Becomes Architecture in This CNC-Milled Screen Wall for IBM”. 2018. ArchDaily<https://www.archdaily.com/870095/bigdata-becomes-architecture-in-this-cnc-milled-screen-wall-for-ibm> [accessed 16 March 2018]

Fry, tony. 2009. Design Futuring

2. 2018. Gizmodo.com <https://gizmodo.com/the-big-problem-with-las-new-football-stadium-1757924206?IR=T> [accessed 16 March 2018] 3. “Chinese construction firm erects 57-storey skyscraper in 19 days”. 2018. the Guardian<https://www.theguardian.com/ world/2015/apr/30/chinese-construction-firm-erects-57-storey-skyscraper-in-19-days> [accessed 16 March 2018] 4. Hawthorne, Christopher. 2018. “The real challenge for Los Angeles’ new football stadium is everything around it”, latimes. com <http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/architecture/la-et-cm-inglewood-stadium-design-20160208-column.html> [accessed 16 March 2018] 5. “Philips Pavillion Expo 58 - Data, Photos & Plans - WikiArquitectura”. 2018. WikiArquitectura<https://en.wikiarquitectura. com/building/philips-pavillion-expo-58/> [accessed 16 March 2018] 6. “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2016-17 | Institute for Computational Design and Construction”. 2018. Icd.uni-stuttgart.de <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=18905> [accessed 16 March 2018] 7. “Mesh Mould: 3D printing complex metal mesh structures for construction sites”. 2018. 3ders.org<https://www.3ders.org/ articles/20160729-mesh-mould-3d-printing-complex-metal-mesh-structures-for-construction-sites.html> [accessed 16 March 2018] 8.

Jabi, Wassim. 2013. Parametric design for architecture (London: Laurence King Publishing

Peters, Brady, and Xavier De Kestelier. Computation works

10. “The Glacier Shelter Built from Nothing but Wood”. 2018. ArchDaily<https://www.archdaily.com/886141/the-glacier-shelter-built-from-nothing-but-wood> [accessed 16 March 2018] 11. “Big Data Becomes Architecture in This CNC-Milled Screen Wall for IBM”. 2018. ArchDaily<https://www.archdaily. com/870095/big-data-becomes-architecture-in-this-cnc-milled-screen-wall-for-ibm> [accessed 16 March 2018]

PART B for . CRITERIA DESIGN

Fig 2.1

B1 Research Field Horizontal Draping Fabric Forming The concrete panels were designed in a way to maximise the unique characteristics of the fabric form concrete and it included flexibility and softness of the fabric, opposing to the permanence and hardness of concrete, varieties in the elasticity and permeability of different fabric types, and re-usability of formwork.[2.1] The wall cannot stand by itself. Therefore, the team use the composite system to support each other, internal reinforcement system support external cladding make dust and moisture outside. The team composed prefabricated interior and exterior panels as the rain-screen system. The structural performance was integrated into the vertical interior panels as embedded columns to hold exterior panels, instead of depending on the steel frame as the accepted approach for the concrete panel wall system. Their experimental process was mainly focused on different types of fabric, the proportion of cement mix ingredients, sewing patterns of fabrics, and configuration of rigid jigs as well as the reinforcement and attachment systems. Plastic was used for the representation of the top half of the mock-up to ease the immense weight construction task by heat draping the plastic on the same jig frames. The final mock-up resulted in a 2.4 meters tall by 1.2 meters wide, half-scale model, weighing over 360 kilograms

Fig 2.2

Fig 2.3

Fig 2.4

The project is about to illustrate how a P wall looks like in the external environment open to the elements. Weathering P wall is an excellent example of demonstrating how our bike shelter perform in the outside environment while many variables like rain, plant and birds nest challenging our design. The undulating forms would collect dust, pollen, soot while it last. Moss would take root in the subtle groves of fabric texture. Bird and other creatures would make the holes their homes.[2.2] This project is not an exercise in Romanticism. The goal is the wall need to be touched, used, worn soiled and to be made unclean. All those elements create a unique design of P wall itself, and it is the best demonstration of how our bike shelter looks like over time.

Weathering (P WALL)

B2 Case Study 1.0 P wall panel is different than each other. They are all unique to each other as their unique shape and points. All unique part should intergrade into a panel smoothly. Therefore, the form of P wall modular is essential to the whole project. To explore how to create P wall in modular. Form-finding process the top priority at this stage. By changing the different location of anchor points, the depth and angle of curves and position and line weight of straight lines result in separate P wall panel.

Successful Panels

The first one had the advantages of the lightweight and variability. The broad curve can be easy to make and use the sandwich method to create an ultra-thin panel. However, because the complexity of increasing variability, it is hard to make a small-scale board and it is hard to make because too many wires need to be connected in such small areas which lead to low workability. On the other hand, the variability and lightweight can be the good reasons to ignore problem on scale to the large-scale architecture. Because most large-scale designs have a smooth surface to fit the large panel. Even if it can only make in large scale. One tricky thing is the lightweight and variability of panels can let people thought the large board are made by many small boards.

scal

This panel can be very fixable to the sc surface like irregular and uneven surfa the variability is not functional in this p wire can quickly make this panel into a its shape. The only variable is the dept is because of X shape, connect diagona production lead to hi

They all have advantages in many ways. They are variable, high workability, lightweight and flexible to the le. Therefore, they are easy to fit most surfaces, and fast produce characteristic makes them are possible to make in reality but not the thing in our imagination.

cale. The varying size can fit any ace to create a P wall. However, panel. Because by using X shape any scale, but it is hard to change th of the curves. The good news al wires is easy, and it causes fast igh workability.

This panel has cycle shape inside, and it has advantages in the variability and workability. By exploring this shape of P wall panel. The curves, line weight and supporting points can be changed to make another unique panel which causes good variability. The scale is controllable to make it we can use fence wires, by changing the shape of diamond shape we can get the many different panels in this shape. However, the weight is the biggest problem of this panel, because there are too many curves, it is hard to control the depth of curves which will cause too many plasters in the panel lead to heavy dead weight, and it needs special reinforcement in the architecture.

B3 Case Study 2.0

As further test, we realize the P wall panel cannot stand on its own, so we need to design a structure component to let P wall put on it until got final bike shelter. We do have alternative option which is we can design special pattern to let P wall panel can stand on itself but the limitation of our knowledge we do not how to achieve that. After research and consideration. We have two options of structure component which are grid shell and modular. They do have advantages in practicality, openness, structural capability and gradient. Modular structure has the consistency in modularity with P wall panel but not easy to build and design. Grid shell is easy to manufacture and build.

Modular structure has many challenge in the design process. The practicality is the con of this structure component. Because we need to do many experiment to know how we can produce this kind of structure and design connection of each modular. Even the structure is more changeling than P wall panel itself. However, it has less effect on structural capability when opening is large. The gradient is varying because we do not need to bend material to create opening so steeply or smooth slope is possible to be made.

Grid shell is the common structure component and it has many existing techniques to help us to design and build. However, the characteristics of openness and structural capability contain each other. If requires high strength structure, the opening will be relatively smaller than before. The gradient determines if the shape of grid shell is graceful. Luckily, the larger opening gives smooth gradient which is great thing.

At the first place, we decide to use a modular structure with P wall panel. However, we did not successful combine them. The modular has a fancy shape, and in reality, it is hard to built and hard to design. Furthermore, after exploring the P wall panel pattern, grid shell and modular structure. By crossing compare to site analysis and our structure and P wall design. I think grid shell and light-weight P wall panel will be the best choice. Moreover, this grid shell can be built in modular parts, so grid shell gives the consistency in modularity with P wall panel.

B4 Technique: Development

B5 Technique: Prototypes

Like the original P wall produce procedure. We built a frame and use reinforcement bar to create the shape of P wall panels. We chose plaster as material and high-elasticity fabric to use the gravity of form panels. By exploring how the fabric affects forming panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shape, we use different material and even combine different equipment to test the workability of the modular making process. We tested two-way and one-way extensible and nonextensible fabric. However, the one-way extensible fabric will limit gravity effect, so the panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s curve will not reach our expectations. Moreover, the non-extensible fabric cannot form the P wall pattern at all and it will leave marks on the panel, so we decide not use this fabric anymore. Furthermore, when we combine two fabrics will make a gentle slope on the panel which is a successful attempt.

B6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL

The design proposal is combined P wall panel external and grid shell internal as structure frame. The grid shell frame leans on the tree will increase its strength and use of light-weight P wall panel make the design proposal is achievable. The project is open architecture as a bike shelter. If people store their bikes in a round shape, it will not look like a mess. If in the public holiday, nobody stores their bikes, the shelter more like a decoration on a tree makes our university more beautiful.

B7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES From the start to do this project, we confuse how the P wall can stand on its own. While the further development we realize the pattern could be the key to let P wall panel stand by itself. However, the structure pattern beyond our knowledge, so we decide to use composite system to let panels to be the external cladding and use grid shell to be the structure system and they both have characteristics of modularity. Furthermore, as we exploring the performance of different fabric. We chose different extensible fabric and even combine two in one to test if we can get easier method to form the model. Eventually, the two-way extensible fabric works better because it can help model to form into any shape and it can be used in many times. As the material of P wall panel we test plaster and concrete. Plaster is fast set but just because of this, we can hardly to form a shape we want to do. On the other hand, concrete set is too slow, we hardly can illustrate our prototype in time, so we just decide to explore the use of fast set concrete and formula of mixture to accelerate the harden process of concrete. We did lots of thing that even explore modular and grid shell structure system and they are not easy to learn. Then we chose modular as our structure system and panel will be external cladding. However, we did not good. So we will focus on the grid shell, P wall panel itself and even the structure pattern on the panel let it can stand on itself on the next stage.

B8 APPENDIX-ALGORITHMIC SKETCH

References 2.1 “Horizontal Draping Fabric Forming”, 2018 <http://archinew.altervista.org/2013/12/12/ horizontal-draping-fabric-forming/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] 2.2 “Weathering (P_Wall) « MATSYS”, Matsysdesign.Com, 2018 <http://matsysdesign.com/ category/projects/weathering-p_wall/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “P_Wall(2006) « MATSYS”, Matsysdesign.Com, 2018 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/ projects/p_wall2006/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “P_Wall(2009) « MATSYS”, Matsysdesign.Com, 2018 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/ projects/p_wall2009/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “P_Wall(2013) « MATSYS”, Matsysdesign.Com, 2018 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/ projects/p_wall2013/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “Seed (P_Ball) « MATSYS”, Matsysdesign.Com, 2018 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/ projects/seed-p_ball/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

Image References Fig 2.1-2.3 “Horizontal Draping Fabric Forming”, 2018 <http://archinew.altervista.org/2013/12/12/ horizontal-draping-fabric-forming/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] Fig 2.4 “Weathering (P_Wall) « MATSYS”, Matsysdesign.Com, 2018 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/projects/weathering-p_wall/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

PA R T C . D E TA I L E D D E S I G N

C1 Design Concept From la s t i nter im p resent at io n , we g et the feedbac k s ay ing that o u r des ign had p o o r m odula r i t y an d to o k to o much space fo r abs trac t s c u l ptu re. We were think ing to d e s i gn a fanc y a rc hitec t ure to at t rac t p eo pl e to u s e it. However, we did no t f ig u re o u t how to bui ld and wh at can be t h e ex ten ded f u nc tio ns to the bik e s hel ter. The bik e s hel te r we d es i gne d us e d t h e go lden space in t he u niver s it y, bu t it c anno t be o nl y fo r bik e s to ra g e. Or the bi ke sh elter sh o uld b e p laced into s o m e co r ner o f the u niver s it y. Af ter ana l ys i s, we c ha nge d t h e lo cat io n o f t h e b ike s hel ter to the pl ace o f hig hes t peo pl e f l ows. M e a nwhi le, we are urgent to design a bik e s hel ter w hic h is el eg ant and f u nc tio nal to f i t t h i s g o l den s pace.

Af ter f ur t h er ex p lo r in g, we dec ided to redes ign a m u l tif u nc tio nal bik e sh elter. We ch o se ce m ent, trans parent and trans l u cent pl astic p an els t h at as similar el em ents to the P-wal l. S ince the panel s are n o t t h e st ruc t ural el em ent, we, al s o, des igned a s u ppo r ting s t ruc t ure. Th erefo re, at t he end o f this s tag e, we c reate a C -s hape tun n el as o ur b ike sh elter. I t has a ram p l et peo pl e c an co m fo r tab ly r ide t h eir bik e to par k . To the m ain bo dy, the panel s as the deco rat ive element s sh ou l d be s eparate w hic h c an s how the diversit y o f deco rat in g co mbinatio ns. To dec ide w hic h panel s ho u l d pl ace wh ere. We an alysis natu re to the f u nc tio nal needs o f dif ferent m ater ial s.

To the natu re o f cement, t h ese pan el s are heav y s o m o s t o f them w il l be pu t m o s t o f t h e m at a l o o n the top to b alan ce t h e weight o f bik e s hel ter. However, cem ent w il l be s et at th e l owe r p o s i t i o s o n that ce ment is durable mater ial co m pare to pl as tic panel s, it c an be u s ed as th e f un c t i o n a l e l t he bi ke, a nd it can man age t h e live l o ads o f peo pl e ver y wel l. To the pl as tic panel s, a s t h e n at ure p ut the m at the h igh er p lace o f b ike s hel ter. M eanw hil e, bec au s e they are trans pare nt a n d t ra n s l u le t s u ns hi ne go t h ro ugh to mak e t h e arc hitec tu re m o re beau tif u l and that is w hy we c a l l i t t h e l i g ver, we de s i gned lo ckers in t h e st ruc tu re fo r peo pl e to pl ace their hel m ets. We dec i d e d to us e t ra i n di c ate the locker an d rest p an el o n the to p w il l be trans parent to l et l ig ht g o thro ug h . We i nte r o f di ffe re nt pan els. I t lo o k s diso rder w hen f ir s t g l ance, bu t it fo l l ows the o rder we d e s i gn e d, a n d i n the followi ng diagrams.

wer pla ce a nd a fe w o n h a s a no t h e r re aleme nt fo r loc k i ng e of l ig ht wei ght, we u ce nt m ater i al we ght tu n n el. M ore o anslu ce nt p ane ls to min g led t he patte r n it w il l b e i l l us trate d

I t h ink the m o s t interes ting as pec t is the l o c k er i n o ur d e sign . The l o c k er l et the bik e s hel ter beco m e m u l tif un c t i o n a l and wel l s patial des igned s pace fo r peo pl e to u s e. Pe o p l e usua l l y u s e s hared hel m et bec au s e they do no t wa nt to t a k e t h e hel m et ever y w here, bu t fo r now, they c an l o c k t h e i r ow n hel m et in the l o c k er, and it is m o re s anitar y tha n b e fo re.

C2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes

To the first bike shelter we designed, the C-shape cannot stand on the ground steady. If we pull some wire attached to the structure, it will be a mess and not good-looking. We explored to use pier beneath the structure to pull the structure to the ground, but it is high cost, and it needs the high strength for base structure, unfortunately, the cement is not reinforced concrete, and it cannot fulfil the requirement.

Therefore, we designed a symmetric structure to pull the structure to stand firmly on the ground. Meanwhile, the connection of panel is the problem to us for a long time. If we use the nail to fix the panel, the plastic panel will be excellent, but cement panel will crack because of too narrow the load onto it. After analysis and exploring, we decided to use dowel connection as the fixing system between panels and structure. It let cement panel fix firmly, but no cracking happens.

Doweled Connection

Cement

Forming

Doweled Locker

C3 Final Detail Model

Summarize learning process for a whole semester; we finally got a decent design of a bike sh is used. How can we get a new design from these P-walls, they are almost the same thing! By P-wall panels. We need to design a structure to support the shelter. We used fancy design to realise that the excellent design should base on main function but not decorative shape. At design the easy access, logically and reasonable functions in our bike shelter and meanwhile the university.

From prototype, we initially use plaster and two-way elastic fabric to form the plaster panel. the middle and too thin to the edges. Then we test grey cement, and it has the same proble because we did not consider the nature of the material. In the final stage in Part C we decide to form the very thin cement panel before then we move the just-set panel into the frame a final successful one. However, even the method is right; the two-way elastic fabric is too har the fabric can soak the cement as a part of the panel and even become good finishing surfa can get final prototype very soon.

To the feedback we get in the final presentation, one tutor saying we cannot just consider ev ways someone will misuse the bike shelter like park more bike than we designed. However, tifunctional bike shelter. If we use the golden area of the university, people use it for anothe encouraging thing to us. In the future design, I will consider more about the impact of huma tion. If so, how can we jump out of the box to develop this design from P-wall?

helter. I was so confused that what is the P-wall and what the pattern y exploring, we got the result that we cannot build bike shelter only by o attract peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention, but it is meaningless to most people. We the final stage in Part C, we rethink and redesign our architecture. We e make the elegant design to give it a chance to become a landmark of

. However, the two-way elastic fabric will cause the panel too thick in em-too thick and too heavy. The first few prototypes are failed we think ed to use white cement only and two-way fabric but use a flat surface and put cement powder to harden it. As this stage, we almost get the rd to form the shape. We finally decide to use non-elastic fabric, and ace to the panel. So if we consider different nature of the material we

veryone only use the bike shelter as a bike storage area. There is alI think it is acceptable because we internally desire to design a muler thing can be treated using most of this facility. It can be the most an nature. The tutor is right, people will not always follow the instruc-