The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

Lion Witch Wardrobe the

and the

the

.LEWIS TURE ADVEN

장, CS 녀와 옷

사자 마

START

YOUR

COMPLICATED HUMAN BEHAVIORS IDAS, Digital Media Design, YvonneShih Typographic Design, Supervised by Boyeun Kim, 2020-1

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.

by C.S. Lewis (1895-1963) SELF PUBLISHING Copyright © yvonneshih Experimental Typography Hongik University IDAS Spring 2020 Designer: Yvonne Shih Professor Boyeun Kim

WELCOME TO NARNIA

Preface Once there were four children whose names were Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. This story is about something that happened to them when they were sent away from London during the war because of the air-raids. They were sent to the house of an old Professor who lived in the heart of the country, ten miles from the nearest railway station and two miles from the nearest post office. He had no wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper called Mrs Macready and three servants. (Their names were Ivy, Margaret and Betty, but they do not come into the story much.) He himself was a very old man with shaggy white hair which grew over most of his face as well as on his head, and they liked him almost at once; but on the first evening when he came out to meet them at the front door he was so odd-looking that Lucy (who was the youngest) was a little afraid of him, and Edmund (who was the next youngest) wanted to laugh and had to keep on pretending he was blowing his nose to hide it...

Human Being Is Complicated.

TABLE

OF

COTENT S

-

02

Introduction of Edmund Pevensie

Introduction of Edmund Pevensie.

In London, England, during the second World War, Edmund has 3 siblings: his brother Peter, and his two sisters Susan and Lucy.

There is no one good or bad

There is no one good or bad, but circumstances make it so.

In this chapter we can see Edmund is a boy who’s neither pure good or bad through what he did.

04

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05 24

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25

“Even a traitor may mend.” — Edmund

28

-

29

32

Living environment may affect people.

“It is very true,” said Edmund.

“But even a traitor may mend.

I have known one that did.”

And he looked very thoughtful.”

Edmund was affected by environment actually. When he first came into Narnia he met white witch and listen to her. But after meeting the lion, he’s awared his mistake and became good.

The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe >>>

a good boy that time, but we can still see one of his good personal qualities.

Edmund said this sentence while he’s under white witch’s control. He was not

said Edmud.

“ I Will Do My Best. ”

에드먼드

GUIT & REDEMPTION

Edumund Pevensie, A Boy Who’s Neither Pure Good or Bad.

Edmund Pevensie Moral character is fragile much more often than it is robust.

Most people have no robust character at all.

Grew Up

Challenge

In London, England, during the second World War. Edmund has three siblings: his brother Peter, and his two sisters Susan and Lucy.

Defeating the White Witch. Lucy’s imaginary kingdom isn’t so imaginary after all. Now they’ve entered Narnia, but the land is covered in eternal winter, caused by the White Witch. She promised Edmund that he could be Prince of Narnia, so he betrayed his siblings, but it was a lie. Now Edmund has to figure out how to redeem himself and end the suffocating winter.

Living In a house in the country. Edmund and his brother and sisters were sent to live with an old Professor to escape the air raids in London. The Professor is pretty odd-looking, and Edmund almost laughed when he first saw him. But all of the children like him.

Interests Exploring and teasing his sister. The house is large, with gardens all around, and there’s plenty of places for a young boy to poke around in. Now his sister Lucy is talking about having found a secret country hidden in a wardrobe. Edmund’s having a great time making fun of her.

Personality “Beastly”, as his siblings would describe it. Edmund has a tendency to tease Lucy and quarrel with Peter and Susan. He can be spiteful, and originally joined the White Witch because Peter didn’t want him to.

That’s an example of another one of his qualities – not thinking things through very well. But Edmund doesn’t really mean anyone ill, and perhaps now that he’s seen the effects of his betrayal, he’ll reform himself.

3

성장

도전

제 2 차 세계 대전 중 영국 런던에서. 에드먼

하얀 마녀를 물 리치십시오. 루시의 상상의

드는 그의 형제 피터와 그의 두 자매 수잔과

왕국은 결국 상상이 아닙니다. 이제 그들은

루시가 있습니다.

나니아에 들어 갔지만 흰 마녀로 인해 영원 한 겨울에 땅이 뒤덮였습니다. 그녀는 에드

생활

먼드에게 그가 나니아의 왕자가 될 수 있다

나라의 집에서. 에드먼드와 그의 형제 자매

고 약속했기 때문에 그의 형제들을 배신했

들은 런던의 공습을 피하기 위해 늙은 교수

지만 그것은 거짓말이었습니다. 이제 에드

와 함께 살도록 파견되었습니다. 교수는 꽤

먼드는 자신을 구속하고 질식하는 겨울을

이상해 보이고 에드먼드는 그가 처음 보았

끝내는 방법을 알아 내야합니다.

을 때 거의 웃었다. 그러나 모든 아이들은 그

인격

를 좋아합니다.

에드먼드는 루시를 놀리고 성 베드로와 수

이해

잔과 싸우는 경향이 있습니다. 그는 짓 didn

그의 여동생을 탐구하고 놀리는 것. 집은 넓

은 행동을 할 수 있었으며 원래 피터가 원

고 정원이 넓고 어린 소년이 찔러 갈 곳이 많

하지 않기 때문에 하얀 마녀에 합류했습니

이 있습니다. 이제 그의 누이 루시는 옷장에

다. 이것은 그의 자질 중 하나의 예입니다.

숨겨진 비밀의 나라를 찾은 것에 대해 이야

잘 생각하지는 않습니다. 그러나 에드먼드

기하고 있습니다. 에드먼드는 즐거운 시간을

는 실제로 병을 앓는 사람을 의미하지는 않

보내고 있습니다.

으며, 아마도 지금은 배신의 영향을보고 자 신을 개혁 할 것입니다.

4

“ There Is No One Either Good or Bad

But Circumstances Make It So

“ 5

Edumund Pevensie, A Boy Who’s Neither Pure Good or Bad

GUILT

REDEMPTION

Edmund’s character is probably the most ambiguous in the novel. He’s more like us in real world.

He was gluttony and greed in the beginning. He accepted White Witches’s temptations, which caused him to lose the ability to distinguish right from wrong, and betrayed his siblings to the White Witch while under her influence. But as the story goes on, he accepts the error of his ways.

He is redeemed with the intervention of Aslan and joins the fight against the witch.

Ultimately, it is up to Edmund to redeem himself and complete his transformation. This change takes a tremendous force of will and courage, but in the end, Edmund finds his freedom.

This change takes a tremendous force of will and courage.

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그는 그의 형제들을 배신했다 He betrayed his sidlings 그는 흰 마녀에게 유혹을 받았다 He was tempted by white witch 욕심 Greedy 대식 Gluttony 미성숙 Immature 바보 같은 Silly 부정한 Dishonest 강력한 특성 없음 No robust characteristics 권력에 대한 만족할 수없는 식욕 / 욕망 / 기아 Insatiable appetite/desire/hunger for power 옳고 그른 것을 구별한능력이 없다 Not able to distinguish right from wrong 배신자 Betrayor 버릇없는 아이 A child who was spoiled 이기적인 사람 Selfish Person 겁쟁이 Coward

부정적인 행위

Negative Edmund 7

8

ALL FROM ORIGINAL STORY

SEE AS A BAD BOY WHAT HE DID

BETR

EDMUND WAS TEMPTED

The sledge was a fine sight as it came sweeping towards Edmund with the bells jingling and the dwarf cracking his whip and the snow flying up on each side of it.

“Stop!” said the Lady, and the dwarf pulled the reindeer up so sharp that they almost sat down. Then they recovered themselves and stood champing their bits and blowing. In the frosty air the breath coming out of their nostrils looked like smoke.

“And what, pray, are you?” said the Lady, looking hard at Edmund.

겁내다 1

나쁜 마녀를 처음 보 았을 때, 에드먼드는 말을하는 것이 소심 했다.

“I’m-I’m-my name’s Edmund,” said Edmund rather awkwardly. He did not like the way she looked at him.

The Lady frowned, “Is that how you address a Queen?” she asked, looking sterner than ever.

“I beg your pardon, your Majesty, I didn’t know,” said Edmund.

“Not know the Queen of Narnia?” cried she. “Ha! You shall know us better hereafter. But I repeat-what are you?”

“Please, your Majesty,” said Edmund, “I don’t know what you mean. I’m at school — at least I was it’s the holidays now.”

9

RAY

D BY TURKISH DELIGHT

B UT what are you?” said the Queen again. “Are you a great overgrown dwarf that has cut off its beard?”

“No, your Majesty,” said Edmund, “I never had a beard, I’m a boy.”

“A boy!” said she. “Do you mean you are a Son of Adam?”

Edmund stood still, saying nothing. He was too confused by this time to understand what the question meant.

“I see you are an idiot, whatever else you may be,” said the Queen. “Answer me, once and for all, or I shall lose my patience. Are you human?”

“Yes, your Majesty,” said Edmund.

“And how, pray, did you come to enter my dominions?”

겁내다 2

에드먼드는 존종한 태 도를 가지고 나쁜 마 녀의문제를 은폐없이 대답했다.

“Please, your Majesty, I came in through a wardrobe.”

“A wardrobe? What do you mean?”

“I — I opened a door and just found myself here, your Majesty,” said Edmund.

“Ha!” said the Queen, speaking more to herself than to him.

10

“A door. A door from the world of men! I have heard of such things. This may wreck all. But he is only one, and he is easily dealt with.” As she spoke these words she rose from her seat and looked Edmund full in the face, her eyes flaming; at the same moment she raised her wand.

Edmund felt sure that she was going to do something dreadful but he seemed unable to move. Then, just as he gave himself up for lost, she appeared to change her mind.

“My poor child,” she said in quite a different voice, “how cold you look! Come and sit with me here on the sledge and I will put my mantle round you and we will talk.”

겁내다 3

에드먼드는 이 합의 를 전혀 좋아하지 않 았지만 감히 대담하지 않았다.

Edmund did not like this arrangement at all but he dared not disobey, he stepped on to the sledge and sat at her feet, and she put a fold of her fur mantle round him and tucked it well in.

“Perhaps something hot to drink?” said the Queen. “Should you like that?”

“Yes please, your Majesty,” said Edmund, whose teeth were chattering.

The Queen took from somewhere among her wrappings a very small bottle which looked as if it were made of copper.

Then, holding out her arm, she let one drop fall from it on the snow beside the sledge.

11

Edmund saw the drop for a second in mid-air, shining like a diamond. But the moment it touched the snow there was a hissing sound and there stood a jewelled cup full of something that steamed.

The dwarf immediately took this and handed it to Edmund with a bow and a smile; not a very nice smile. Edmund felt much better as he began to sip the hot drink. It was something he had never tasted before, very sweet and foamy and creamy, and it warmed him right down to his toes.

“It is dull, Son of Adam, to drink without eating,” said the Queen presently. “What would you like best to eat?”

욕심 1

에드먼드는 터키의 퍼 지에 유혹을 받았다.

“Turkish Delight, please, your Majesty,” said Edmund.

The Queen let another drop fall from her bottle on to the snow, and instantly there appeared a round box, tied with green silk ribbon, which, when opened, turned out to contain several pounds of the best Turkish Delight. Each piece was sweet and light to the very centre and Edmund had never tasted anything more delicious. He was quite warm now, and very comfortable.

While he was eating the Queen kept asking him questions. At first Edmund tried to remember that it is rude to speak with one’s mouth full, but soon he forgot about this and thought only of trying to shovel down as much Turkish Delight as he

12

could, and the more he ate the more he wanted to eat, and he never asked himself why the Queen should be so inquisitive.

She got him to tell her that he had one brother and two sisters, and that one of his sisters had already been in Narnia and had met a Faun there, and that no one except himself and his brother and his sisters knew anything about Narnia.

She seemed especially interested in the fact that there were four of them, and kept Sons of Adam and two Daughters of Eve, neither more nor less?”

And Edmund, with his mouth full of Turkish Delight, kept on saying, “Yes, I told you that before,” and forgetting to call her “Your Majesty”, but she didn’t seem to mind now.

At last the Turkish Delight was all finished and Edmund was looking very hard at the empty box and wishing that she would ask him whether he would like some more.

Probably the Queen knew quite well what he was thinking; for she knew, though Edmund did not, that this was enchanted Turkish Delight and that anyone who had once tasted it would want more and more of it, and would even, if they were allowed, go on eating it till they killed themselves. But she did not offer him any more.

배신 1

에드먼드는 터키의 퍼 지를먹었을때 비밀을 거의다밝혔다

Instead, she said to him, “Son of Adam, I should so much like to see your brother and your two sisters. Will you bring them to see me?”

“I’ll try,” said Edmund, still looking at the empty box.

“Because, if you did come again — bringing them with you of course — I’d be able to give you some more Turkish Delight.

I can’t do it now, the magic will only work once.

In my own house it would be another matter.”

“Why can’t we go to your house now?” said Edmund. When he had first got on to the sledge he had been afraid that she might drive away with him to some unknown place from which he

13

욕심 2

에드먼드는 터키의 퍼 지를 다 먹어 버렸지 만 아직 만족하지않 았다.

would not be able to get back; but he had forgotten about that fear now.

“It is a lovely place, my house,” said the Queen. “I am sure you would like it. There are whole rooms full of Turkish Delight, and what’s more, I have no children of my own. I want a nice boy whom I could bring up as a Prince and who would be King of Narnia when I am gone. While he was Prince he would wear a gold crown and eat Turkish Delight all day long; and you are much the cleverest and handsomest young man I’ve ever met. I think I would like to make you the Prince — some day, when you bring the others to visit me.”

“Why not now?” said Edmund. His face had become very red and his mouth and fingers were sticky. He did not look either clever or handsome, whatever the Queen might say.

“Oh, but if I took you there now,” said she, “I shouldn’t see your brother and your sisters. I very much want to know your charming relations. You are to be the Prince and — later on — the King; that is understood. But you must have courtiers and nobles. I will make your brother a Duke and your sisters Duchesses.”

“There’s nothing special about them,” said Edmund, “anyway, I could always bring them some other time.”

“Ah, but once you were in my house,” said the Queen, “you might forget all about them. You would be enjoying yourself so much that you wouldn’t want the bother of going to fetch them.

No. You must go back to your own country now and come to me another day, with them, you understand. It is no good coming without them.”

“But I don’t even know the way back to my own country,” pleaded Edmund. “That’s easy,” answered the Queen. “Do you see that lamp?”

She pointed with her wand and Edmund turned and saw the same lamp-post under which Lucy had met the Faun.

14

욕심 3

에드먼드는 권력을갈 망했다.

배신 2

에드먼드는 형제를 데 리고 나쁜 마녀를 만 나기로 약속했다.

“Straight on, beyond that, is the way to the World of Men. And now look the other way’- here she pointed in the opposite direction — “and tell me if you can see two little hills rising above the trees.”

“I think I can,” said Edmund.

“Well, my house is between those two hills. So next time you come you have only to find the lamp-post and look for those two hills and walk through the wood till you reach my house.

But remember — you must bring the others with you.

I might have to be very angry with you if you came alone.”

“I’ll do my best,” said Edmund.

“And, by the way,” said the Queen, “you needn’t tell them about me. It would be fun to keep it a secret between us two, wouldn’t it? Make it a surprise for them. Just bring them along to the two hills — a clever boy like you will easily think of some excuse for doing that — and when you come to my house you could just say “Let’s see who lives here” or something like that.

I am sure that would be best. If your sister has met one of the Fauns, she may have heard strange stories about me — nasty stories that might make her afraid to come to me. Fauns will say anything, you know, and now -”

욕심 4

에드먼드의 만족할 수 없는식욕.

“Please, please,” said Edmund suddenly, “please, couldn’t I have just one piece of Turkish Delight to eat on the way home?”

“No, no,” said the Queen with a laugh, “you must wait till next time.”

While she spoke, she signalled to the dwarf to drive on, but as the sledge swept away out of sight, the Queen waved to Edmund, calling out, “Next time! Next time! Don’t forget.

Come soon.”

“I’m come, your Majesty,” said Edmund, rushing eagerly forward.

“How dare you come alone?” said the Witch in a terrible voice.

15

“Did I not tell you to bring the others with you?”

배신 3

에드먼드는 자신의욕 망때문에 형제들을 배 신했다.

“Please, your Majesty,” said Edmund, “I’ve done the best I can.

I’ve brought them quite close. They’re in the little house on top of the dam just up the river with Mr and Mrs Beaver.”

A slow cruel smile came over the Witch’s face. “Is this all your news?” she asked.

“No, your Majesty,” said Edmund, and proceeded to tell her all he had heard before leaving the Beavers’ house.

“What! Aslan?” cried the Queen, “Aslan! Is this true? If I find you have lied to me —” “Please, I’m only repeating what they said,” stammered Edmund. But the Queen, who was no longer attending to him, clapped her hands. Instantly the same dwarf whom Edmund had seen with her before appeared.

“Make ready our sledge,” ordered the Witch, “and use the harness without bells.”

CHAPTER IV

Turkish Delight

CHAPTER VI

Into The Forest

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

What Happend After Dinner In The Witch’s House

16

그는 나쁜마녀를 배신했다 He betrayed white witch 그는 나쁜 마녀에 대해 잘 알았다 He knew well about white witch 구속 Redemption 희생 Sacrafice 성숙 Mature 용기 Courage 공정한 Fair 강력한 특성 있음 Robust characteristics 그는 마지막 전투에서 중요한 역할을했다 He played an important role in the last battle 그는 판단력이 뛰어나다 He is great in counsil and judgement 정직한 사람 Honest 그는 자신을 구속하고 좋은 변화를 마쳤다 He redeemed himself and finished his transformation 심각한 사람 Grave Person 나니아의 왕 King of Narnia

근정적인 행위

Positive Edmund 17

18

ALL FROM ORIGINAL STORY

SEE AS A GOOD BOY WHAT HE DID

REDEEM

edmund’s redemption and sacrafice CHAPTER XIII

CHAPTER XVII

Deep Magic From the Dawn of Time The Hunting of the White Stag

Redeemed by The Lion When the other children woke up next morning (they had been sleeping on piles of cushions in the pavilion) the first thing they heard from Mrs Beaver — was that their brother had been rescued and brought into camp late last night; and was at that moment with Aslan.

As soon as they had breakfasted they all went out, and there they saw Aslan and Edmund walking together in the dewy grass, apart from the rest of the court.

19

Edmund shook hands with each of the others and said to each of them in turn, “I’m sorry,” and everyone said, “That’s all right.”

There is no need to tell you (and no one ever heard) what Aslan was saying, but it was a conversation which Edmund never forgot. As the others drew nearer Aslan turned to meet them, bringing Edmund with him.

And then everyone wanted very hard to say something which would make it quite clear that they were all friends with him again something ordinary and natural, and, of course, no one could think of anything in the world to say.

“Here is your brother,” he said, “and — there is no need to talk to him about what is past.”

20

“

It was all Edmund’s doing, Aslan.

We’d have been beaten if it hadn’t been for him.

“ 21

Last Battle with White Witch The battle was all over a few minutes after their arrival. Most of the enemy had been killed in the first charge of Aslan and his -companions; and when those who were still living saw that the Witch was dead they either gave themselves up or took to flight. The next thing that Lucy knew was that Peter and Aslan were shaking hands. It was strange to her to see Peter looking as he looked now — his face was so pale and stern and he seemed so much older.

“It was all Edmund’s doing, Aslan,” Peter was saying. “We’d have been beaten if it hadn’t been for him. White Witch was turning our troops into stone right and left. But nothing would stop him. He fought his way through three ogres to where she was just turning one of your leopards into a statue. And when he reached her he had sense to bring his sword smashing down on her wand instead of trying to go for her directly and simply getting made a statue himself for his pains. That was the mistake all the rest were making. Once her wand was broken, we began to have some chance — if we hadn’t lost so many already. He was terribly wounded. We must go and see him.”

They found Edmund in charge of Mrs Beaver a little way back from the fighting line. He was covered with blood, his mouth was open, and his face a nasty green colour.

“Quick, Lucy,” said Aslan.

And then, almost for the first time, Lucy remembered the

22

precious cordial that had been given her for a Christmas present. Her hands trembled so much that she could hardly undo the stopper, but she managed it in the end and poured a few drops into her brother’s mouth.

“There are other people wounded,” said Aslan while she was still looking eagerly into Edmund’s pale face and wondering if the cordial would have any result.

“Yes, I know,” said Lucy crossly. “Wait a minute.”

“Daughter of Eve,” said Aslan in a graver voice, “others also are at the point of death. Must more people die for Edmund?”

구원 1

에드몬드는 사자에 의해 구원되었다. 드디어 전투 때문에 기사가되었다.

“I’m sorry, Aslan,” said Lucy, getting up and going with him.

And for the next half-hour they were busy — she attending to the wounded while he restored those who had been turned into stone. When at last she was free to come back to Edmund she found him standing on his feet and not only healed of his wounds but looking better than she had seen him look — oh, for ages; in fact ever since his first term at that horrid school which was where he had begun to go wrong. He had become his real old self again and could look you in the face. And there on the field of battle Aslan made him a knight.

“Does he know,” whispered Lucy to Susan, “what Aslan did for him? Does he know what the arrangement with the Witch really was?”

23

“Hush! No. Of course not,” said Susan.

“Oughtn’t he to be told?” said Lucy.

“Oh, surely not,” said Susan. “It would be too awful for him.

Think how you’d feel if you were he.”

“All the same I think he ought to know,” said Lucy. But at that moment they were interrupted.

That evening after tea the four children all managed to get down to the beach again and get their shoes and stockings off and feel the sand between their toes. But next day was more solemn. For then, in the Great Hall of Cair Paravel — that wonderful hall with the ivory roof and the west wall hung with peacock’s feathers and the eastern door which looks towards the sea, in the presence of all their friends and to the sound of trumpets, Aslan solemnly crowned them and led them to the four thrones amid deafening shouts of, “Long Live King Peter!

Long Live Queen Susan! Long Live King Edmund! Long Live Queen Lucy!”

구원 2

에드몬드는 나니아의 왕 가 된다.

“Once a king or queen in Narnia, always a king or queen. Bear it well, Sons of Adam! Bear it well, Daughters of Eve!” said Aslan.

Edmund was a graver and quieter man than Peter, and great in council and judgement. He was called King Edmund the Just.

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EVEN R O T I A A TR MAY .

D N E M P A R T II

배신자조차도 고칠 수 있습니다. 나는 이런 사람 하나를 알고 있다. 에드먼드 페벤시

“Your Majesty would have a perfect right to strike off his head,” said Peridan. “Such an assault as he made puts him on a level with assassins.”

“It is very true,” said Edmund. “But even a traitor may mend. I have known one that did.” And he looked very thoughtful.”

25

Edmund Pevensie and the Character of the Redeemed As the catalyst for Aslan’s sacrifice and the one deserving of death, the character of Edmund deserves further attention.

He is a reflection both of the hopelessness of those under the power of sin and the rejuvenated life of the Redeemed. From the peevish, sulky and selfish boy he is before his encounter with Aslan, he grows into one of the noblest leaders of Namia, a somewhat grave and quiet man, great in council and judgement-King Edmund the Just.

Edmund first stumbles

Jill Ogline

into Narnia thoroughly by accident; he is following his sister Lucy, intent on further tormenting her about her “imaginary world.” He is separated fi-om his parents by the Second World War, fresh from a term at a “horrid” boarding school, which has set in motion within him a chain reaction of selfishness and bullying tendencies.

As the second youngest child, Edmund is at an awkward place within his own family. Resenting Peter’s maturity and what he deems condescension toward his 26

own person and Susan’s selfappointed mothering role, he unleashes his aggressions toward his older siblings on his younger sister Lucy.

Gibson comments that “he is just a small boy whose tendency to selfishness and bullying needs to be checked before it colors his whole life”.

His selfishness predisposes him against Aslan, the symbol of majesty and purity and makes him an easy target to manipulation by the White Witch. The afternoon Edmund Pevensie stumbled

through the wardrobe onto the silent plain of Lantern Waste marked the beginning of a course of agonizing events that would eventually result in death for Aslan, but the great lion still allows entrance to the boy.

They were brought to Narnia not simply to have adventures or aid the Narnians, but in order that they may learn to know him and allow their lives in their own world to be transformed by that knowledge. 아슬란은 인간 소년 안에는 좋은 사람의 씨를 뿌릴 것입니다.

It is for this reason that Aslan opens the land of the Talking Beasts to Edmund-even though he knows that he himself will suffer through the resulting events, within the human boy will be sown the seeds of a good man.

When the Calormene orphan boy Shasta first meets Edmund, who is at this time a young king, he immediately believes him to be the “nicest sort of grown-up” and wishes he could make a better impression upon the man he admires.

His integrity and free spirit draw others to himself After the battle of Anvard, when the matter of what to do with the traitorous Rabadash is discussed, Edmund voices his hopes that he yet may become an honorable man, commenting thoughtfully, “Even a traitor may mend. I have known one that did”. The scars of his own memories do not torment him with guilt, but instead teach him daily to extend forgiveness to others, bear with their weaknesses and believe with all his heart that Aslan can transfonn them as fully as he himself has been transformed.

열심히 습득 한 지혜의 깊은 식각을 겪고있는

Edmund, whose face bears the deep etchings of hard-earned wisdom, is a “graver and quieter man than Peter”.

에드먼드는“피터보다 더 중하 고 조용한 사람” 입니다.

Due to the fact that he was first introduced to the reader neither as grave nor quiet, all of these characteristics seem to indicate that somehow he had come to know of the price Aslan had paid for his life, and had been irrevocably changed.

The redeemed disciple of Jesus Christ is one who is never the

27

same after realizing the magnitude of Christ’s sacrifice. There is a gravity in the nature of a redeemed man or woman which serves as a constant reminder of both the sobriety of sin and the unfathomable depth of the love of God. This solemnity does not impound joy or prevent the bearer from playing, laughing or loving, but continually draws his or her attention toward the deeper realities of life. The rejuvenated life is markedly different from the old way of existence, bearing the indelible mark of integrity and honor. Once redeemed, the greatest sinner can overflow with nobility. 에드먼드의 변화는 사랑의 구원의 진실되고 초자연적

The transformation of Edmund Pevensie is a tribute to the authentic and supernatural power of loving redemption.

인 힘에 대한 찬사입니다.

Ogline, Jill (11-1999) Taylor University “Edmund Pevensie and the Character of the Redeemed,” Inklings Forever: Vol. 2 , Article 9.

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Edmund was affected by environment.

Edmund was affected by environment actually. When he first came into Narnia he met white witch and listen to her. But after meeting the lion, he’s awared his mistake and became good.

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80 % EN VIRON MENT

가족, 교사 및 친구관계와 청소년의문제행동 2012, vol.22, 통권 22호 pp. 49-77 김미영 1 , 조윤정 2 , 박병금 /Byung-Kum, Park 3

30

Family, Teacher and Friend Relationships and Youth Behavior 청소년기는 급격한 신체적 발달과 더불어

들의 성장에 있어 가장 지대한 영향을 미치

심리, 정서적으로도 발달하는 시기이다.

는 사회집단이자, 자녀의 가치관 성립에 많 은 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 위치에 있다.

이 과정에서 청소년들은 갈등과 위기를 겪게 되고 정서적 불균형 상태나 부적응 현상을 보

청소년기에 가장 많은 시간을 함께 보내는

이기 쉽다.

친구와의 관계 또한 청소년의 문제행동과 밀접한 관계가 있다.

성인기로 향해 가는 과정으로 변화가 많고 정 서적으로 불안정한 특성 때문에 성취해야 할

청소년기는 독립성을 확립하려는 욕구가 크

발달과업이 많은데 비해 인지적으로 미성숙

기 때문에 친구들과의 사이에서 또 하나의 관

하여 심리적인 문제들이 많이 발생한다(한유

계를 맺으면서 친구들과 서로 많은 영향을 주

진, 1993). 청소년기의 이런 발달적인 특성으

고받는다.

로 인해 청소년들은 문제행동을 일으킬 위험 성을 가지게 된다.

청소년은 친구와의 관계 속에서 얻게 되는 심 리적 안정감과 소속감을 통해 외로움을 적게

청소년과 주요한 인간관계를 맺는 환경적

느끼고, 반면 심리적인 문제가 있는 아동은

인 요인 중 가장 밀접한 영향을 미치는 대

또래들보다 친구 수도 적고, 친구관계가 덜

상이 바로 가족이다.

안정적임을 보고하고 있어, 또래와의 관계가 청소년의 문제행동에 영향을 미칠 것이라 예

청소년들은 성인이 되기까지 가정이라는 울

측할 수 있다.

타리 안에서 부모와의 관계를 지속하게 된다. 부모는 가정 내에서 자녀들의 신체적, 심리적

친구관계는 신뢰나 지지의 긍정적 요인뿐 아

발달을 위해 다각적인 측면에서 자녀들에게

니라, 불일치, 갈등, 대립과 같은 부정적 요인

지원을 하며, 이런 과정 속에서 여러 가지 상

도 포함된다. 친구관계는 긍정적인 지원을 많

호작용을 서로 주고받게 된다. 부모는 자녀

이 제공한다.

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같은 위험요인이 절대적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다.

남녀 청소년 모두에게서 발견되는 공통점도 있다. 바로 내재화 문제행동 보다 외현화 문제행동에서 가족관계, 교사관계, 친구관계의 영향이 더 많 이 미친다는 점이다. 이는 청소년의 외현화 문제행동이 내재화 문제행동 보다 학교 현장이나 상담 현장에서 실천적으로 접근이 더 용이하다는 의 미가 될 수도 있다. 가족관계에서도 부정적 문항으로 구성되었던 인정책임 하위변인에서 남 녀청소년의 내재화와 외현화 문제행동에 각각 영향을 미치는 것으로 드 러났다.

또한 친구관계 중 갈등배신과 같은 부정적인 친구요소가 남녀청소년의 외 현화 문제행동에 유의한 영향력을 보였는데, 이는 또래로부터 배척과 거 부를 경험한 청소년은 학교부적응, 반사회적 행동, 공격행동, 대인기피, 비 행 등의 행동상의 문제를 경험하기 쉽다는 연구결과와 일치하는 것을 확 인할 수 있다.

경론 연구결과를 바탕으로 볼 때, 청소년의 문제행동을 이해함에 있어 청 소년과 그들을 둘러싼 사회환경과의 관계를 이해하는 것이 매우 중 요하며, 청소년의 개인적 특성에 따라 사회적 관계에 대한 인식과 문 제행동이 다양하게 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

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가족, 교사 및 친구관계와 청소년의문제행동

정서친밀이나 수용존중 같은 정서적인 지지보다는 무시, 비난, 폭력

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