Voz pasiva y redes sociales AUTORA: Karen Sanguino
the passive voice The passive voice of an active verb is formed by putting the verb TO be at the same time as the active verb (if the verb Active is present simple, the verb to be put into simple present: (am / is / son ... etc) and add the Past participle of active verb (The past participle of irregular verbs is in the third column) Active: We have the butter in the fridge. The active verb is present Passive: Butter is kept in the refrigerator. Active: They broke the toe window. Passive: The window was broken. The passive voice of continuous times seems difficult because we have to put the form of what is in the continuous form, Otherwise it is hardly used. Active. They are repairing the bridge. (Active verb in continuous present) Passive: The bridge is being repaired. Active: they were making the beds. (Active verb in continuous past) Passive: The beds were being made. . The modal verbs + infinitive are passed and pass putting the verb to be in infinitive. What is the verb tense
Active Active: You must close the doors. " Passive: Doors must be closed. We form the passive with different times of the verb lo be (.. es, foi, es ser, has been) + past participle. The office is closed every night. Present continuous: am / are / is + being + p. The house is being painted now. My car was stolen last night. Past continuous: he was / was + being + p.passed The bridge was being reapaired. Present perfect: Have / has + been + p.pasado She has been invited to the party. Future: Will + be + p.pasado The new road will open in Monda. To go to + be + p.pasadolle He is going to interview next Monday. Modales: Modal + be + p.pasado This door must be kept closed. Work can not do it. The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed, locked, painted. Irregular verbs have Different ways to learn from memory Steal robbed stolen Compare these active sentences with the passive
Aciva: Someone blocks the office every morning. Passive: The office is closed every morning. Acti goes: Sorneone has invited Sarah to the party. Passive: Sarah has been invited to the party. Notice that (the office, Sarah) become the subject of the passive voice. The rules that are used to use a verb tense are the same ones we use in the active voice. Physical education. yes We are talking about something that is happening now, we will use the continuous present. By + agent Compare: Marconi invented the radio. Passive: The radio was invented by Marconi. Sometimes we use the subject of an active phrase (eg Marconi) as the agent of the passive voice. When this occurs by introducing the agent of the passive voice. . When do we use the passive voice? When we do not know who or what does something My car was stolen last night. (Not knowing who stole the car) We also use it when we are not interested in who or what does something.
The factory was painted during the war. Sarah was invited to the party. In these sentences we are interested in Sarah in the factory, but not in who painted her in whom He invited Sarah. Red social A social network is a social structure composed of a set of actors (such as individuals or organizations) that are related according to some criterion (professional relationship, friendship, kinship, etc.). They are usually represented by symbolizing actors as nodes and relationships as lines that unite them. The type of connection representable in a social network is a dyadic relationship or interpersonal relationship.1
Research has shown that social networks are useful representations at many levels, from kinship relationships to state-level organizations (in this case political networks), playing a critical role in determining the political agenda And the degree to which individuals or organizations achieve their goals or receive influences. The social network can also be used to measure social capital (that is, the value that an individual derives from resources accessible through his social network).
Social network analysis' studies this social structure by applying graph theory and identifying entities as' nodes' or 'vertices' and relationships as' links' or' edges'. The structure of the resulting graph is often a complex network. As it has been said, in its simplest form a social network is a map of all the relevant links between all the nodes studied. In this case, it is referred to as "centric" or "complete" networks. Another option is to identify the network that envelops a person (in the different social contexts in which they interact); In this case we speak of "personal network".
Internet platforms that facilitate communication between people of the same social structure are called social network services or virtual social networks.
In them people interact through profiles created by themselves, in which they share their photos, stories, events or thoughts. The analysis of social networks (related to network theory) has emerged as a key methodology in modern social sciences, including sociology, anthropology, social psychology, economics, geography, political science, Scientometry, communication studies, organizational studies and the linguistic partner. It has also gained significant support in physics and biology among others.
In everyday language, the idea of a "social network" has been used especially freely for over a century to denote complex sets of relationships between members of social systems in all dimensions, from the interpersonal to the international. In 1954, anthropologist at the Manchester School JA Barnes began to systematically use the term to show patterns of ties, encompassing the concepts traditionally used by social scientists: delimited groups (eg, tribes, families) and social categories Eg, gender, ethnicity). Academics such as SD Berkowitz, Stephen Borgatti, Ronald Burt, Kathleen Carley, Martin Everett, Katherine Faust, Linton Freeman, Mark Granovetter, David Knoke, David Krackhardt, Peter Marsden, Nicholas Mullins, Anatol Rapoport, Stanley Wasserman, Barry Wellman, Douglas R. White and Harrison White expanded the use of systematic social network analysis.2
The analysis of social networks has gone from being a suggestive metaphor to becoming an analytical approach and a paradigm, with its theoretical principles, software methods for analysis of social networks and own lines of research. Analysts study the influence of the whole on the parts and vice versa, the effect produced by the selective action of the individuals in the network; From structure to relationship and individual, from behavior to attitude. As we have said, these analyzes are done either in complete networks, where the links are the specific relationships in a defined population, or in personal networks (also known as egocentric networks, although not exactly comparable), where
"personal communities "3 The distinction between total / complete networks and personal / egocentric networks depends much more on the analyst's ability to collect data and information. That is, for groups such as companies, schools or membership companies, the analyst expects to have complete information about who is in the network, all participants being egos and potential alterations. Personal / egocentric studies are usually conducted when identities or egos are known, but not their alteri. These studies allow egos to provide information about the identity of their alteri and there is no expectation that the different egos or sets of alteri are linked to each other. A network constructed from a snowball refers to the idea that alteri are identified in a survey by a set of initial Egos (zero wave) and these same alteri become egos in wave 1 and name others Additional alteri and so on until the new alteri percentage begins to decrease. Although there are several logistical limits in conducting snowball studies, there is a recent development to examine hybrid networks, whereby egos in complete networks may name alteri that would otherwise not be identified, making it possible for them to be visible to all Egos from the network.4 The hybrid network can be valuable in examining full / complete networks on which there is the expectation of including important actors beyond those formally identified. For example, employees of a company often work with outside consultants who are part of a network that they can not fully define prior to data collection.
In the analysis of social networks, several analytical tendencies are distinguished: 5
It is not hypothesized that groups are the blocks in society: the approach is open to studying less defined social systems, from non-local communities to links through websites. Rather than treating individuals (individuals, organizations, states) as discrete units of analysis, it focuses on how the structure of relationships affects individuals and their relationships. In contrast to analyzes that assume that socialization of norms determines behavior, network analysis is used to observe the extent to which the structure and composition of relationships between individuals affect norms. The shape of a social network helps determine the usefulness of the network for its individuals. Smaller and stricter networks may be less useful to your members than networks with a lot of loose connections (weak link) to people outside the main network. More open networks, with many links and weak social relationships, are more likely to present new ideas and opportunities to their members than closed networks with many redundant links. In other words, a group of friends who only do things with each other already share the same knowledge and opportunities. A group of individuals with connections to other social worlds are likely to have access to a wider range of information. It is better for individual success to have connections with a variety of networks
rather than many connections on a single network. Similarly, individuals can exert influence or act as intermediaries in their social networks, bridging two networks that are not directly related (known as filling structural gaps)