Architecture Portfolio 2023

h wa n gb o y e s a h @ g m a i l . c o m +31 0687105320

Architectural Design Portfolio

Yesah Hwangbo

Contents

1 Migration scenario in New Cairo

2p

2 Fashion House Valencia

6p

3 Bone to be Natural

10p

4 Informal Farmers Market

16p

5 Place Setting

22p

6 Data Hunting-Gathering Society

26p

7 Extra Work

32p

Humanity on the Move

Fashion Industry in 2030_Team Project

Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project

Expension of Land Productivity

Design the Social

Spatial Wikipedia

Atricle & Pavilion

1

Map of the Cairo Metropolis The Cairo metropolis, also known as Greater Cairo or Cairo Metropolitan Area, refers to the extensive urban agglomeration that encompasses the city of Cairo and its surrounding areas. It is the largest metropolitan area in Egypt and one of the most populous in Africa and the Middle East. The Cairo metropolis serves as the political, cultural, economic, and administrative hub of Egypt.

The Cairo metropolis is situated along the Nile River in the northern part of Egypt. It includes the core city of Cairo, which is located on the eastern bank of the Nile and extends to the west, encompassing several major cities such as Giza, 6th of October City, and Shubra El-Kheima. The metropolis spans multiple governorates, including Cairoand Governorate, Giza Governorate, and analysis Cairo Metropolis area suggests new typology of Qalyubia Governorate, forming a vast urban area.

1 Migration scenario in New Cairo a refugee camp based on climate chages in 2030

The Cairo metropolis is characterized by its dense population, rapid urbanization, and diverse urban fabric. It is home to 20 million people, making it one of Traineeship in UFO Urbanism with EFL stichting the most populous metropolises in the world. The area’s Co-work with Bram van Ooijen Lena Knappers urban and development is marked by a mix of architectural Location : New Cairo styles, ranging from ancient structures in historic areas Building Type : Refugee Camp like Islamic Cairo and Coptic Cairo to modern high-rise buildings and residential complexes in the newer satellite cities.

The Cairo metropolis faces various challenges

Greater Cairo or Cairo Metropolitan Area, refers to the extensive urban agdue to its enormous population and urban growth. glomeration that encompasses the city ofinclude Cairo traffic and its surrounding areas. It These challenges congestion, inadequate is the largest metropolitaninfrastructure, area in Egyptinformal and one of the most in Afsettlements, andpopulous pressure on resources.

To address these issues, thepolitical, government rica and the Middle East. The Cairo metropolis serves as the cultural, has implemented urban development plans and infraeconomic, and administrative hub of Egypt.

structure projects, including the expansion of the Cairo Metro, the construction of major highways, and the The Cairo metropolis faces various challenges dueinitiatives to its enormous establishment of satellite cities. These aim to population and urban growth.

These challenges include trafficcongestion, congestion, enhance transportation systems, alleviate inadequate infrastructure,and informal and pressure on resources. providesettlements, better living conditions for residents.

To address these issues, the government has implemented urban development plans and infra- structure projects, including the expansion of the Cairo Metro, the construction of major highways, and the establishment of satellite cities. These initiatives aim to enhance transportation systems, alleviate congestion, and provide better living conditions for residents.

N 0 1 2 3 4 5km

Humanity on the Move

2 Traineeship Project

s o C

h w i k c t z o

t h a c E s c a a n

20th

18th

21th 16th

22th

c A e c u o t t T c s

N 0

A collage map showing the expansion of the city of Cairo from ancient Egypt to the modern era, showing how urbanization and population growth led to a city that started around the Nile River and grew eastward into a planned city with a new urban structure, divided into districts. In response to rapid population growth and urbanization in the modern era, the government implemented urban development plans and established satellite cities including infrastructure projects introduced to alleviate congestion and improve connectivity.

Humanity on the Move

1

2

3

4

5km

The new urban structure in the middle of the desert, with residential spaces radiating out from a strip with commercial and office facilities in the center, provides a new urban space away from the informal housing where 60% of Cairo’s population lives. It explores the spaces available for refugee camps for climate refugees in the new urban fabric created by real estate developers and governments, and proposes a refugee settelement scenario with new programs and arrangements based on the characteristics of each urban layout.

3 Traineeship Project

Scenarios I Cairo Informal Housing District

Step 1. Current situation

Step 2. Remove unhospitable residences

Step 3. Cable car installation

Step 4. Create roof-top park

60% of Cairo’s residents live in informal housing.

In addition to unhospitable living conditions, the Al-Helmiya neighborhood, neighboring overpasses, suffers from noise and pollution.

With the long-term goal of dismissing informal house residents, the upper floors of informal houses facing the overpass are reconfigured to make room for vehicles and public transportation.

As a new form of public transportation, cable cars are installed in the city, traveling above the city and stopping at the current informal house.

The rooftops of the buildings, which were once attached due to high density, are used as public spaces for the residences in the form of rooftop gardens. In addition, the floors of the buildings facing the overpass are used as parking spaces to alleviate parking congestion in the city.

Humanity on the Move

4 Traineeship Project

Scenarios II Cairo Al Asmarat

Step 1. Current situation

Step 2. Remove the first two floor

Step 3. Building new commercial pavilion

Step 4. Finalise new commercial district

Al Asmarat, a new government-led housing development in Egypt, is a large complex with a capacity of 7,380 units, but high commercial rents and a lack of jobs have resulted in a lack of foot traffic.

New refugee camps will be set up on the top two floors, allowing the apartments to be more connected to the ground level.

Starting at the ground level, refugees create pavilion-style shops, which gradually evolve into formalized buildings.

Each shop is connected to an apartment, bridging the gap between the building and the outside space, and as the number of pedestrians increases, the width of the road decreases and the roadside becomes a park for residents.

Humanity on the Move

5 Traineeship Project

2 Fashion House Valencia The tramstop adjacent to Fashion House Valencia is the terminal station of the tram line which connects the city center to the seaside.

collects, promotes, and grants provincial certifications that guarantee operational transparency to participating local brands across five former post-industrialized cities The Berlage Semester 3 Master Degree Thesis_Team Project Co-work with Nigel Alarcon, Adi Samet, and Jesse Verdoes Location : C. del Dr. Marcos Sopena, 46024, València, Spain Building Type : Office and Cultural center

To become part of the cultural heritage of the old La Marina district—which is currently under redevelopment as the Maritime district for Innovation and Creativity—Fashion House Valencia is located in a former warehouse .

The redevelopment of Valencia’s seaside districts—most notably in La Marina—were instigated by the celebration of the 32nd America’s Cup sailing competition in 2007, which initiated new construction in the region such as Veles e Vents by David Chipperfield Architects.

FH Valencia

Fashion House is a pan-European cooperative and regulatory body that intensifies regional production and reinforces conscientious consumption patterns within the five cities and beyond by granting certifications to products and businesses and by providing consultancy and industry services to smaller-scale regional designers, producers, and suppliers via membership. In each city within the Red Thread, Fashion House operates a physical location– modeled after, and reinterpreting the medieval guild house–that provides small batch and prototyping services, workshops, and gathering spaces for regional members alongside the certification and administrative facilities necessary to operate the cooperative.

Fashion House Valencia is located in the old harbor district called La Marina that is currently under re-development as the Maritime district for Innovation and creativity. Fashion House is easily accessible by tram and visible from the main road that leads to the seaside. The harbor district has a unique myriad of public buildings in function of the active port, while offering open shaded spaces to accommodate events ranging from tech and innovation festivals to cycling competition.

Historical landmarks like the open warehouses have been recently revitalized to host public events such as cycling competitions and Valencia’s annual Fashion Week.

Fashion House Valencia

6 Fashion Industry in 2030_Team Project

Fashion House Valencia is placed at a pivot point between the La Marina district and the seaside boulevard.

Golden age

1875 1930 1967

1996

2000

Valencia Fashion Week

Commersialization of Valencian orange industry

The International Fair for Children’s and Junior Fashion

End of mulberry cultivation

FIMI

Epidemic of Pebrine

War of Spanish succession

Bourbon Monarchy

Valencia

“Golden Age of Valencia” Civilian Gothic Valencian architecture

Velluters Guild’s Headquarter Booming production of silk

Plantation of Mulberry trees

Agriculture and Trading activities

Introuction of Oragne trees

Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda

Cultivation of Mulberry and Silkwarm rearing 50% of the population involed in the silk industry

World Heritage Site

2014

2015

2016

Silk Museum

Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

2019

2021

World Design Capital of 2022 partnered with the New European Bauhaus (NEB)

1854

Lonja de la Seda

Las Fallas (carpenters) parade

Guests traveling to the Standard Resort from Fashion House Valencia depart from this ferry terminal.

+/- 20m

1700 1750 1800

1483

1479

2022

+/- 12m

Cactus ‘leather’

200L

Palm ‘leather’

20L

Pineapple textile

150L

Pineapple textile

1900L

~20L (estimated)

+/- 8m

World Design Capital of 2022 events

1380

WDO annoucement “The Mediterranean design of Valencia. Design for change, design for the senses”

900

Spain’s leather and shoemaking production base

714

ASMV expands its company’s structure to hold design strstegy positions

Muslim regime

500

To become part of the cultural heritage of the old La Marina district—which is currently under redevelopment as the Maritime district for Innovation and Creativity—Fashion House Valencia is located in a former warehouse.

The tram stop adjacent to Fashion House Valencia is the terminal station of the tram line that connects the city center to the seaside.

9L of water/month

11L of water/month

~300L (estimated)

~500L (estimated)

3L of water/month

200x her

Leather Leat Silk

15th century

19th century

21st century

Mulberry tree

Orange tree

Royal palm

Silk

Oranges

Palm ‘leather’

Water needed for cultivation (for ex. growing the cow)

Water needed for processing (for ex. tanning the hide)

18600L: The equivalent of 200 showers is needed to produce 1m2 of cow leather

Textile

1m2

Water use per 1m2 of material

Artificial production of silk

Timeline of industrial development in relation to heritage sites and Fashion events in Valencia

The Heritage of Valencia in the fashion industry, an exploration of its rise and fall, and its relationship to the specific site within the city of Valencia.

Fashion House Valencia

Succesion of trees in the Valencian region through the years

Speculating on the Valencian plantation heritage, from the mulberry trees contributed to the silk industry, to the palm trees that are used to produce palm leather.

Water consumption per m2 of different raw materials

Comparing the amount of water used to produce traditional leather versus alternative leather, using the equivalent amount of water used for one person to take a shower.

7 Fashion Industry in 2030_Team Project

20 12

13

15

11

2

1

14

5

16 17 18

3 15

4 6

7 10

9

8

23

19

Ground Floor 1:500

1

Main Street

13

Repair Cafe

2

Main Door

14

Library/Archive

3

Lobby

15

Bio-Garden

4

Clothing Pickup

16

E-Charging Station

5

Textile Drop Off

17

E-Chargo Bike Parking

6

Server

18

Bike Parking

7

Automated Workshop

19

Textile Bot

8

Loading Area

20

Lecture Hall

9

Waste Room

21

Storage

10

Machanical Room

Pavement

11

Hand-Craft Workshop

Grass

12

Studio

Street Bike Lane

Fashion House Valencia

8 0 1 2 5m Fashion Industry in 2030_Team Project

1:200 scale model of Fashion House Valencia using a plastic form covered with second-hand wool, exemplifying the Fashion House's commitment to sustainability. Beyond its aesthetic value, the model educates and inspires the local community about the importance of sustainable practices in the fashion industry, as well as the wider societal and environmental benefits that can be achieved.

Fashion House Valencia

The series of 5 Fashion House models explore the regional characteristics that inform the specific programs of each house, highlighting their cultural and historical connections to the surrounding community. The 5 Fashion Houses seek to not only create sustainable and ethical fashion but also contribute to the social and economic development of the regions in which they operate.

9 Fashion Industry in 2030_Team Project

The modern apartment complex with commercial space on the ground floor creats a lot of passengers in the neighbor

1

The clinic is situated in an area with multifunctional programs of historical and modern architecture in the city center of Valencia, providing customers with an atmosphere that spans different periods and styles

2

to be Natural 3 Bone offers plastic surgery in a domestic setting to design physical appearance by oneself to satisfy one's beauty standard The Berlage Semester 3 Thesis Master Project Building Type : Hospital Location : Plaça de la Porta de la Mar 3, 46004 València, Spain

Bone to be Natural

3

Historical landmark Porta de la Mar, built to commemorate the end of the Spanish War in 1946, is located in the center of the roundabout

4

5

Bone to be Natural is a Valencia-based hospital that specializes in providing customized plastic surgery services. By utilizing digitized techniques to collect patients' body data, the hospital creates personalized surgical plans to help clients take control of their appearance and find their identity.

Housed in a neo-classical 1906 building, the hospital boasts a Spanish architectural design that features separate spaces for staff, medical devices, and clients. This setup creates a comfortable and inviting environment for all users.

The operating room is designed to resemble a comfortable bedroom that is tailored to the preferences of each client. With the space divided into three distinct areas, the hospital ensures that each user group can access a suitable environment. Ultimately, the hospital aims to help clients enhance their physical characteristics and achieve their desired look through personalized plastic surgery programs.

Panoramic Elevation 1:750

1

Justícia Apartment

2

Navarro Reverter Apartment Panorama Elevation

3

Bone To Be Natural

4

Monument Al Pintor Pinazo

5

1:400

1 Justícia Apartment Porta De La2Mar Navarro Reverter Apartment 3 Bone To Be Natural 4 Monument Al Pintor Pinazo 5 Porta De La Mar

0 2,5 5 10m 10 Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project 0

2,5

5

10m

13th ceuntry - 17th ceuntry

17th ceuntry - 20th ceuntry

World War

Contempory

total area

space for surgery

cases

2022 25 million cases worldwide

2,000

6,500-8,000

brow lift

2,900

3,600

thigh lift 5,000

ear surgery

251,308 254,931 288,306

neck lift

396,105

World War 1

microlaryngoscope eyelid surgery rhinoplasty silicon implant

burn

Beginning of the Plastic Surgery

breast implant

515,819

chemical peel

hair transplantation

craniofacial

laser tumor removal

594,691

Surgeon

765,248

buttock augmentation

855,544

facelift

A Washing Room

B Operating Room

C Equipment Room

A Washing Room

B Equipment Room

scrub station cabinet

floor stand patient table DSC PRO overhead carriage imaging system control console measuring station hard copy LAF ceiling radiation protection

cabinet generator system controler cooling unit

scrub station cabinet

cabinet generator system controler cooling unit floor stand DSC PRO overhead carriage imaging system control console measuring station hard copy radiation protection

breast reduction fat grafting

1,255,540

abdominoplasty rhinoplasty

C Operating Room patient table LAF ceiling

Assitant

Observer

1,525,197

eyelid surgery

scars removal

jaw bone replacement

correcting ingury

facial reconstruction

breast auguentation

breast augumentation

2500BC

1920s

1970s

2020s

liposuction

Total area : 85m2 year

Tendency of getting Plastic Surgery

C

B

A

labiaplasty upper arm lift

breast lift

skin grafting

C

426,363

gynecomastia brast lift

B

419,046

facial bone contouring

abdominoplasty

Spatial Layout

B A

7,000

fat reduction botulinum toxin

6,000 3,600

5,200

210,737

hyaluronic acid Media Explosion

4,800

4,600

106,173 126,030 142,119

hair removal photo rejuvenation

Total area : 83m2

1,624,281

New Configuration of Operating Room

Tendency of Plastic Surgery

The demand for plastic surgery is growing and the range of procedures available is expanding. By 2040, it is expected that cosmetic surgery will be even more prevalent.

Plastic surgery may increasingly be viewed as a means of self-care and personal satisfaction unlike to a recent survey, the primary motivation for getting plastic surgery is to conform to an ideal of beauty promoted by mass media.

History of Operating Room

New Configuration of Operating Room

New Configuration of Operating Room

The design of a new operating room must prioritize both functionality and comfort, moving away from the sterile and clinical environment traditionally associated with medical facilities. Architectural decorative elements can be replaced, reshaped, and incorporated to offer patients the desired spatial experience while undergoing surgery and during their recovery.

The design of a new operating room must prioritize both functionality and comfort, moving away from the sterile and clinical environment traditionally associated with medical facilities. Architectural decorative elements can be replaced, reshaped, and incorporated to offer patients the desired spatial experience while undergoing surgery and during their recovery.

chest wall muscle

silicone implant

silicone implant septal bone upper nasal bone

lower nasal bone

skin mesh skin graft cutting

skin split before implant

subpectoral placement

opening

bone shaving

subglandular placement

column sturcture

decorative ornament

facade reassemble removing ornaments

facade dismentle

facade graft Comparing procedure of skin grafting and facade renovation

existing section

adding layer between floor

removing ornaments

column reshaping

adding layer between wall

Comparing procedure of breast augumentation and additional layer between floor and wall

Comparing procedure of rhinoplasty and column reshape

Comparing process of skin graftung and facade renovation

Comparing process of breast aygymentation and adding spatial layer

Comparing process of rhinoplasty and column reshape

As an analogy of human body and architecutre, compare the process of skin graft surgery and the facade renovation. The skin and brick which is a base elements for the process are cutted and re-located according to the different shape of the face and facade.

As an example of the breast aygymentation surgery, making a suggestion of the spatial renovation of adding additional layer of the space that do not support the structure like cutting the septal bone and shaping it.

Both of the rhinoplasty surgery and reshaping column is an example of mainting the structure but changing the shape by once removing the non-structural parts, and reshape them in a way that doesn't break the structure.

Bone to be Natural

11 Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project

The black space for preparing for the operation is highly productive and functions as another medical device during the operation 7

8

The lift for transporting medical waste after the operation is located inside the black space directly link to the laboratory on the first floor

9 5

4

2

9 1

The gray space for the operation is located in between the white space and the black space becomes a buffer zone neutralizing the two different spaces

The white space for the customers with domestic atmosphere is connected to the public stairs on the ground floor and connect to the operating room before the staff’s area

2 5

Piano Nobile 1:200

9

4

2

1

2

3

6

1

Operating Room

2

Machine1:100 Room

3

Recovery Room

4

2 Support Room Machine Room

5

4 Washing Room Support Room

6

6 Waiting Lounge Waiting Lounge

7

8 Doctor’s Office Staff’s Office

8

10 Office Staff’s Medical Waste Lift

9

Storage Staff Area

10

Medical Waste Lift

Piano Nobile

1

Operating Room

3

Recovery Room

5

Washing Room

7

Doctor’s Office

9

Storage

Public Area

Existing Structure

Public Area Staff Area Existing Structure

Bone to be Natural

12 0 0,5 1 2m Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project 0

1

2

3

4m

S-1 Modeling Room

S-2 Labortory

S-3 Office

S-4 Preparation Room

S-5 Medical Waste Lift

S-6 Support Room

S-7 Medical Device Room

Service Process

P-1 Living Room

P-2 Operating Bedroom

P-3 Recovery Bedroom

P-4 Impatient Bedroom

Plastic Surgery Process

B-1 Waiting Lounge

B-2 Body Scanning Room

B-3 Self-testing Room

B-4

B-4

B-4

B-3

P-4

P-4

P-4

P-4

S-6

S-7 C-3

P-2

P-1

S-2

S-1

B-2

B-1

B-4 Body Library

Body Scanning Process

Bone to be Natural

13 Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project

Unfolded Elevation of Operating Bedroom before the Operation 1:150 scale Before the operation, the client can see the domestic surroundings following their own's design preferences to give the atmosphere of the ideal bedroom.

Bone to be Natural

Unfolded Elevation of Operating Bedroom during the Operation 1:150 scale During the procedure, all necessary medical devices can be discreetly revealed through hidden doors and closets designed to blend in with the room's decorative elements, which appear as regular furnishings.

14 Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project

Folding twin sided operating bed room 1:20 scale 300mm(w)x240mm(l)x210mm(h) The standing catalog of two symmetrical rooms with neo-classical bed room model on one side has a bed room setting before the operation medical devices are hidden as a furniture and architectural elements not to encounter customers, and on the other side has an operating room setting showing the medical devices come out.

Casted putti face with wax and the mold (left) 120mm(w)x120mm(l)x150mm(h) The abstracted putti's face into re-casted with different material wax indicates that the shape becomes original when it has an imitation.

X-ray scanned piano nobile 594mm(w) x 200mm(l) x 420mm(l) X-ray projected piano nobile plan in 5 layers shows the transition from the public “white” space to the technical “black” space in a way of the structural and the sorrounding space.

3D printed putti face (right) 120mm(w)x120mm(l)x150mm(h) The original putti's face shape on the existing facade of the building is manufactured into 3d printer which can be imitated without an originality.

Bone to be Natural

15 Fashion Industry in 2030_Individual Project

Farmers Market 4 Informal showcases final products including the process of harvesting starting from analysing the conflict of the mega-scale and the smallholder farms The Berlage Semester 2_Project Global Building Type : Kiosk Location : Lenin Dr & London Rd, Alexandra, 46 Bertrams Road, 112 Observatory Ave, De Westshof,

Johannesburg, South Africa The project focuses on three urban farms located in the heart of Johannesburg, which are community-based and operated with the participation of neighbors. These farmers initially aimed to supply food materials to nearby residents, but are now gradually growing in size and increasing productivity by creating websites that deliver products to nearby markets and sell directly to consumers. The three farms are adjacent to residential areas, making them easily accessible to residents. The Informal Urban Farmers Market, located in the city center, provides affordable and accessible food for the community. By reducing the supply chain, urban farmers can gain more economic benefits, while also benefiting the environment through shorter transportation distances.

Urban farmers are considered informal workers and their markets operate without accurate space and time definitions. The proposed informal market is set up within an urban farm in downtown Johannesburg and sells products grown by local farmers directly within the space. This allows for a more effective and productive supply chain, increasing production for farmers and providing easier access to fresh produce for the community.

The Informal Urban Farmers Market is a modular structure that can be customized to suit the configuration of the farm, serving as a display, storage, and a vertical farm.

Informal Farmers Market Lenin Dr & London Rd, Alexandra

Informal Farmers Market

Informal Urban Farmers Market located in the city center provides affordable and accessible food for neighbors. Urban farmers can gain more economic benefits by reducing the supply chain. It is also environmentally beneficial because of the shorten transportation distances.

Urban farmers are classified as informal workers and their markets are also informal and operate without accurate space and time definitions. The informal market proposed through the project

16 Expension of Land Productivity

Lenin Drive Urban Farm Lenin Dr & London Rd, Alexandra, Johannesburg, 2090, South Africa

Bertrams Inner City Farm 46 Bertrams Rd, Bertrams, Johannesburg, 2094, South Africa

Siyakhana Garden 112 Observatory Ave, De Wetshof, Johannesburg, 2198, South Africa

Lenin Drive Urban Farm started farming to provide vegetables and fruits to children near the residential complex. Next to the urban farm is a large modern mall called Alex Mall.

There are two grocery stores inisde of the mall.

The farm is located in a four-lane road corner. Inside the farm, there is a greenhouse for seedlings, a barn, and a container for storage. A linear market is installed next to the driveway that connects to the farming process using buildings inside the farm facing the road. The internal farms are not standardized, and different fruits and vegetables are grown in farms of various sizes.

Bertrams Inner City Farm is adjacent to two large stadiums in the city centre. There is a lot of traffic at certain times because it faces the road with a bus transfer center. The surrounding housing complex is a detached house and has a front yard inside each fence.

The inside of the farm is a single-story gable roof building, two huts, and four greenhouses. Considering the distributed buildings throughout the farm and the movement of grid-shaped farms, a linear market is installed outside the farm and in the area facing the road.

Siyakhana Garden is the first urban community farm in Joharnnerburg. It is located in Bezuidenhout Park, so hard to access from the housing complex. The informal market could be installed on the access road through the park’s site, by using wide open place.

There is a greenhouse for nursery on the main entrance and farmlands are arranged in the west and south based on the greenhouse. Fruits and vegetables are stored in the huts located everywhere in the farm, and the hut located in front of the market is used as a community center.

Informal Farmers Market

17 Expension of Land Productivity

seed

nursery

seedling

farming

harvest

package

domestic farming

storage

processed product

Process of the urban informal farmers The journey of urban informal farmers, from planting the seed to selling the end products, involves using various types of structures for each phase of the process.

By utilizing these structures, urban farmers can reduce their supply chain and increase their economic opportunities. For example, the use of vertical farms can help minimize transportation costs and increase production, while display and carrier types can make it easier to transport and sell products.

Informal Farmers Market

The harvested products can be processed into processed products that can be stored longer, providing additional profit for urban farmers. The final destination for each end product is an informal market display structure located close to the urban farm, which further reduces transportation costs and provides easy access to fresh and affordable food for nearby residents. Overall, the use of structures in urban farming can significantly increase the profitability of small-scale urban farmers and contribute to the development of more sustainable and resilient urban food systems.

carrier display

informal market display

18 Expension of Land Productivity

Type 1_Pavilion gathers in a sperm form and provides a space for people to gather. It is suitable for markets with large spaces or houses with private gardens.

600

600

2,450

600

6 00

650

Type 2_Wall is attached to the entrance of the main entrance of the house and can be used differently for each layer from the 0th to the 4th floor. This type is affordable for houses with protruding entrances or corners.

34

0

60 0

6 00

2,400

3, 38 0

0 20 1,

2, 70 0

34

0

6 00

0

38 0

2,

34 600

0 40

6

0

0

1, 20

1,200

0

60

6 00

0

600

6,

0

00

1,200

1, 0

6,

20

0

Informal Farmers Market

600

00

Type 3_Window is fitted to windows. This type is suitable for houses with limited personal space.

Type 4_Carrier is used for the small-holder sellers to transport the products from the urban farm to the grocery stores or other markets.

19 Expension of Land Productivity

This timber structure is a prefabricated modular system that can be easily assembled without screws or drivers.

The structure features 38 x 38 mm timbers that interlock with one another, allowing for easy expansion with 600mm as the minimum unit. The system’s basic shelf module measures 280 x 540 mm, meeting the agricultural tray standard and making it an excellent solution for immediate product storage. The pavilion structure is also waterproof, and the tension curtain is designed to effectively manage seedlings by allowing rain to flow in a specific direction.

Assembly of the structure can be completed without additional tools. Place the timbers of axis A at the bottom and connect them with the member of axis B, then assemble the member of axis C in a vertical direction. If expansion is necessary, the C-1 can be changed to the C-2 to create more space. Overall, this timber structure is an adaptable and sustainable building solution that can be used for a variety of applications. Its modular design, and ease of assembly make it an ideal choice for anyone seeking a versatile and cost-effective building system.

All materials used for the structure can be purchased at https://www.cashbuild.co.za

B-4 X 10

Material:

A-1 X 2

A-2 X 1

A-3 X 5

B-1 X 2

B-2 X 3

B-3 X 6

B-4’ X 10

C-1 X 2 C-2 X 6 C-3 X 4 C-4 X 5

C-2

C-2 A-1 B-3

C-3

C-2

A-3 B-3

B-1

B-3

A-3 C-3

B-2

B-3 A-3

B-2

B-4

B-3

B-2

B-3

B-4’

B-3 B-3

B-4’

B-4 B-1 B-4

B-4

B-3

B-4’

B-3

B-4’

B-4 A-3

B-4’

B-4

A-3 A-3

A-2

B-4 B-4

C-4 B-4

C-4 B-4

C-4 C-1 B-4

A-3

C-4 C-4

C-1

Informal Farmers Market

20 Expension of Land Productivity

By installing the shelf structure in housing, neighbors can farm and harvest their own crops. Farming is not limited to the urban farm area, but by bringing it directly to their homes and growing it, it can be done without restrictions in time and space. The chain of the product does not end in a transaction held in Informal Urban Farmers Market, but extends to individual homes, and the chain continues.

Informal Farmers Market

By installing the shelf structure in housing, neighbors can farm and harvest their own crops. Farming is not limited to the urban farm area, but by bringing it directly to their homes and growing it, it can be done without restrictions in time and space. The chain of the product does not end in a transaction held in Informal Urban Farmers Market, but extends to individual homes, and the chain continues.

21 Expension of Land Productivity

Setting 5 Place documents how people gather for lunch based on the individual’s background and spatial setting The Berlage Semester 1_Project NL Team Project with Christina Mammi Location : TU Delft Architecture Faculty 1st Floor East Corridor Food is a social generator—a daily ritual—around which people meet their nutritional and social needs. These social interactions within physical space embody our common ability to create experiences, like the act of eating, where individuals share ideas and knowledge. Eating together is simultaneously a deeply personal and communal act that forms a social space.

Documenting different eating spaces in the architectural faculty building, this contribution exemplifies the diverse parameters that define the way we eat, all to expose the relationship between the built environment and five choice eating settings, from the most conventional, to the most appropriated, across classrooms, corridors, canteens, and social stairs. The analysis of these short-term social settings reveals that the act of eating both shapes, and is shaped by, the social space it takes place in.

1. Food convenes spaces for social gatherings.

2. Eating together creates social micro-environments whose configuration is also shaped by the design of daily spaces.

3. Social gatherings over food are not limited to specifically-designated spaces, but can be produced through the appropriation of furniture and objects.

Place Setting

22 Design the Social

Vegan cordon bleu with tomato sauce 4,95 euro

Potato & Broccoli with an Oyster Mushroom Burger 4,95 euro

Fajita Mix with Ratatouoile & Baked Potato 4,95 euro

The list of the weekly meal prepared at the canteen with the information of the ingredients and he process of the surved in front of the counter.

Place Setting

Rucola Tomato Penne Pasta 4,95 euro

23 Design the Social

Eating Together at the Canteen

Eating Together at Stairs

Eating Together at Couch

One canteen table is hosting two groups of students, from 4 different nationalites. Among them, four students have purchased their lunch from the canteen.

One group of international students and the other group of Dutch students are squatting at the stairs to have lunch.

Six students are having lunch on the couch, with three of them bringing chairs.

Eating Alone at Studio

Eating Together at the Studio

Eating Together at the Corridor

One student is having lunch alone, but another student has joined him for a chat

14 students are having lunch together in the studio, forming their own groups at the table.

An event inviting students to have lunch together in the corridor near the microwave, where students gather to heat up their food before eating.

Place Setting

24 Design the Social

Eating together at corridor countertop is appropriated for a table setting. Six replaceable placemats invite passers-by to approach and, perhaps, eat at the countertop. The first five placemats depict temporary social situations centered around food, from the canteen table, to the orange hall couch and tribune, to the studio table of The Berlage, to eating alone in an empty classroom. The sixth placemat is a speculative table setting on the empty counter, as a proposition to appropriate the space through food.

A series of printed photographs placed above the counter depict an imagined social gathering at the countertop that centers around food as social instigator. From basic preparation of ingredients to the consumption of the food, the images show how the place setting of the corridor counter transformed into a space of gathering through the ritual of food. The menu of this event, hung as a poster, is composed to make use of tool and appliances easily found throughout the architectural faculty building, such as paper cups, microwaves, and coffee machines.

Place Setting

25 Design the Social

Hunting-Gathering Society 6 Data tells the story of a future city where people can spend time exploring the city to get information

Bachlor Graduation Project Building type : Library Location : Future City The current city is overpopulated and the process of reorganizing it with a new plan is unnecessary. Create a new infrastructure in the city to blend in with the components of the existing city and to provide programs that match the future city.

People use the newly formed grid as if they were surfing the Internet in an intellectual curiosity to constantly get new information. Direct movement of frames leads to data acquisition, and alternating current takes place in spherical spaces at intersecting points between frames. As the current Internet network connects the world, the new infrastructure allows people to travel and collect information.First, it is made from roads, which are empty spaces in the city. As people gather and move more, the nature of the space changes, just as space starts to expand and change at existing travel routes and intersections.

Data Hunting-Gathering Society

26 Spatial Wikipedia

Process 01 Process 02 Process 03 Thesphere current city is already overpopulated process Single is connect move vertically in the first and The the sphere increasesofand it with a line new plan is unnecessary.

Create a new toreorganizing the horizontal sphere. of movement the size of the connection increase accordingly infrastructure in the city to blend in with the components of the

Process 04 The larger sphere has an additional sphere attached to the original one

existing city and to provide programs that match the future city.

People use the newly formed grid as if they were surfing the Internet in an intellectual curiosity to constantly get new information. Direct movement of frames leads to data acquisition, and alternating current takes place in spherical spaces at intersecting points between frames.

When the size of the basic sphere increases and exceeds the unit grid value, space appears that has the intersection nature of the spherical space and the moving-line nature of the frame at the same time. The axis of the new plane will be formed and the space of various sizes will be penetrated to have various programs.

As the current Internet network connects the world, the new infrastructure allows people to travel and collect information.

First, it is made from roads, which are empty spaces in the city. As people gather and move more, the nature of the space changes, just as space starts to expand and change at existing travel routes and intersections.

Process 05 The biggest space that exceeds the critical value makes a new space type

Based andand architectures made until 21th century, the infrastructure provide knowledge Based onon pastthe andartworks current artworks architectures, provide a new infrastructure of knowledge.

Data Hunting-Gathering Society

When the size of the basic sphere increases and exceeds the unit grid value, space appears that has the intersection nature of the spherical space and the moving-line nature of the frame at the same time. The axis of the new plane will be formed and the space of various sizes will be penetrated to have various programs.

27 Spatial Wikipedia

Phase 01

Phase 02

Phase 03

Phase 04

Phase 05

Phase 06

Provide a pathway and link between buildings and streets.

Reading lounge for people reading material and learn new information.

Personal lounge for one and collect own information.

Exchange of people�s knowledge in group lounge.

People can feel green areas while they collect information.

People can interact with the city and see the whole city.

Data Hunting-Gathering Society

28 Spatial Wikipedia

3

2

4

1

2

5

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3 2 3

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4 4

1. Reading Lounge 2. Study Lounge 3. Personal Lounge 4. Group Lounge 5. Garden

Data Hunting-Gathering Society

1m 5m 10m

29 20m Spatial Wikipedia

MDF, Acrylic, Stryofoam Sphere, Spray (1600*600*800mm)

Data Hunting-Gathering Society

30 Spatial Wikipedia

One individual sphere provides a space for private reading. The path can interact between the sphere and the outside.

Data Hunting-Gathering Society

The large old space plays the role of huge storage space and gradually expands as many people gather.

31 Spatial Wikipedia

of the social contract of Western civilization – exposed by Said was a preliminary step that precluded its assimilation, the surrender to the implicit belief of moral and social superiority of the West.

The argument is carefully constructed in a historical and interdisciplinary fashion, making references to cultural imaginaries and aesthetic codes. Although its origins take us back to the European colonial mentality, its validity extends until today, and the characteristic uniformity of S-T U-V is W-X globalization not alienY-Z to it. The assimilation of the East denounced as the purpose of Orient­ alism is recognized as part of “modernization”, which achieved this objective effectively and fully visible after the ’80s. East and West were being absorbed into the generic uniformity of EURASIA Western globalization.

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The proliferation of architecture based on the principles of Western modernism was a definitive sign of the substitution of one imaginary for another, the assimilation of one into the other through architecture as an instrument. And with the widespread adoption of one of the Western paradigms – the modern city – Western space and its codes associated with progress provided an answer to the question: How shall we live together? “As Westerners” was the answer.

NORTHAMERICA

AFRICA

SOUTHAMERICA

However, when the East seemed to have taken on the form and body of the West through architec­ THE WORLD IN REVIEWS ture and the city as its becoming own, the West could not from architects bakers to the face of recognize itself. subrogated version of urban Jesus This in China, and everything in between... modernity as progress was perceived as misleading and deviant, even ARCHISthough 2021 #2 it had been exported PER ISSUE 19.50 EURO as a foolproof VOLUME model. use IS A The PROJECT BY by “the other” of ARCHIS + THE BERLAGE + the “accepted codes” is finally understood as CENTRAL ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS + UNIVERSITY INDIA unproductive. OF NAIROBI In 1995 Said added an epilogue to the book, in which he wrote, “The discourse of Orientalism, internal consistency and rigorous procedures, was designed for readers and consumers in the metropolitan West.”[1]

ANTARCTICA its

AUSTRALIA

PANGEA Earth 335m–200m years ago

Uniformity of media and codes, it seems, was another modern mirage. Thus, we will live together if we remain different, as Said recommended.

The World in Reviews Republic of Apartments; Apartment Complex 2021. December As one of 49 contributions, the article is about the apartment complex culture in South Korea focusing both bright and dark side of it. By understanding how the apartment complex becomes a major residential type, remind that it could become a boarder to differenciate people in the city.

VOLUME 60

Extra Work 1

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REPUBLIC OF APARTMENTS; APARTMENT COMPLEX[1] Yesah Hwangbo (KR) Completed in 2018, Songpa Helio City in Seoul is the largest single apartment complex in Korea with a total of 9,510 households in just 84 buildings.

The project was so large that three out of the top 10 construc­ tion companies in Korea partici­ pated.[2] Inside the complex, there is a shopping mall, park, swimming pool, library, guest house, elementary and middle school. How could such a large­ scale complex be built? What do apartment complexes mean in Korea? Do the mass production residences provide a desirable environment for residents?

Garak Siyoung Apartment Town, the former main complex of Helio City, was one of the housing projects constructed in Seoul city in 1982. It was a large­scale and high­density apartment complex of 6,600 households built for the home­ less. The first reconstruction association was formed in 2003 as the poor economic conditions and environment made the neigh­ borhood a slum. In 2006, with the consent of the residents, the implementation plan was established and approved in 2008, but three residents filed a lawsuit for invalidation of approval. They protested, saying that the amount of money they had to pay to move to a new apartment was set excessively high. Even though they won the case, they withdrew the lawsuit so not to bother other residents. As a result, the reconstruction project could proceed, 12 years after the first reconstruction association was formed.Koreans use the expression “our home, our country” instead of my home, my country. The value of “our” sense of belonging is more than oneself. From where does the desire to belong originate? The Korean Peninsula has maintained a single kingdom despite frequent invasions from foreign powers since the country was estab­ lished around 2000 BC. They are proud to make the claim, to be one nation. They feel psycholog­

ically secure when they have characteristics that are universal to everyone in their society.

The quality of the community goes along with the quality of the education. People believe that it was the passion for higher education that made the current Korea what it is today, which had been almost barren after the Korean War. So, for social success, they would like to belong to a community where well­known school districts are located. The community where many people want to belong is getting bigger and bigger.

In order to accommodate a large number of people on limited land, apartments are an effect­ ive residential solution. A community formed around educa­ tion is not easily broken down because it represents overall indicators in society.

The problem with the apartment complex is that it creates too many closed spaces in the city.

Residents can use the interior space because they pay the cost of living in the apartment and facility management, and outsiders cannot use it.

However, as apartment complexes become larger and the number of attached community facilities increases, the space exclusively reserved for residents in the complex that cannot be accessed by outsiders becomes more dis­ tinct. Where previously there was a community children’s playground in the village, now each apartment has a gated children’s playground within the complex. Children can only use the playground connected to the apartment they live in.

The various ‘communal’ facili­ ties provided by the apartment complex instead create an isolated society.

Another problem with such apartments is that living space becomes a commodity. Unlike other dwellings, apartments have high liquidity, so people can easily trade and prices are set before looking at the space for residence; instead judging the future value of the product.

The meaning of a house in an apartment is not just for a space that gathers people and feels free anymore. People consider their living space to be stocks. Can people feel the comfort that the space of home gives when they keep thinking about whether the value of their

investment will rise or fall? As construction companies took the lead in the apartment business, the value of a particular company name is used to indicate the value of apartments: apartments have been graded.

An apartment complex provides many houses for people who want to live in a given region. At the same time, it simultaneously divides people who belong and live in the region, and those that don’t. The clear distinc­ tion between uniformed apartment complexes and fair­housing complexes creates a hierarchy in society. It could be housing for some people, but for others, it could be a complex that makes them feel economically deprived.

[1] The title <Republic of Apart­ ments> borrowed from the thesis <The Republic of Apartments, 2007>, written by French geographer Valerie Gelezeau looking at the apartment phenomenon in Korea.

[2] Hyundai E&C (1), Samsung C&T (2) and Hyundai Development Co. (8) koreajoongang­ daily.joins.com/ 2012/07/31/indu­ stry/Hyundai­EampC­ maintains­top­ capability­ranking/ 2957172.html

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[IMG 27] Photo by HDC Hyundai Development Company 2018.

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32 Article

7 Extra Work 2 Seoul Public Pavilion Seoul City Road Museum Project [2018 October]

Type : Pavilion Group Project

Role : Site Analysis, Material Study, Fabrication, Docent

Site : Jeongneung-ro 16, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Professor : Park Mi-Ye

The project starts with determining a site near the university. Overpasses, located near the school, provide transportation convenience, but are just concrete blocks that create a dark environment in the neighborhood. This project transformed the dark and abandoned space under the overpass into a bright and colorful space.

Stacking chameleon film and acrylic plates along the stairs. People can see the outer space through the empty area and feel the effect of penetrating and reflecting according to the distance and amount of light through the film.

The shadow lights on the ground of the dark space.

The light reflects the overpass.

75

Extra Work 2

See-through the exterior between the gap.

5

7 5 6 0 0 0 7

5

Massive concrete Highway located in the city center of Seoul, provide transportation convenience but create a dark environment in the neighborhood. This project transformed the dark and abandoned space under the overpass into a bright and colorful space by stacking chameleon film and acrylic plates along the stairs. People can see the outer space through the empty area and feel the effect of penetrating and reflecting according to the distance and amount of light through the film.

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Seoul Public Pavilion

Seoul Public Pavilion 2018. October

The shadow lights on the ground of the dark space.

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The light reflects the overpass.

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33 City Pavilion