The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5-minute Neighbourhood : Rajula Town, Gujarat.

Rajula, Amreli | Portfolio “The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5-minute Neighborhood” Understanding the City Studio | 2020 PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning CEPT University | Ahmedabad

Acknowledgment

First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude towards CEPT University, Ahmedabad and Faculty of Planning for conducting the Foundation Program on Understanding the City Studio.

I am grateful to my tutor Prof. Arjun Joshi and teaching associate Aarzoo Samani who have constantly been active in imparting the best of their knowledge and skills to us.

Special thanks to all my friends from Unit-8 for providing feedbacks and encouragement and also for being available whenever I needed them.

And finally, my deepest gratitude to my family for their motivation and enduring support but also for inspiring me to strive for larger goals.

Preface

The portfolio represents a detailed study of Rajula Precinct located in the Saurashtra region of Amreli district, Gujarat. The spatial extent of the town is 2.32 Sq.km area with a population of 38,489 as per census 2011. The study is carried out on a square kilometre area located within the core part of the town which will analyses the overall urban character of the town.

The information of this report is gathered through qualitative and quantitative methodologies by site walk-through, primary observations, documenting via photographs, mapping activities, and interacting with local people.

The narrative of the portfolio is based on theme, “The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5 minute Neighborhood”. In which the study further discusses the understanding of the town through various topics like ‘Precinct Overview’ through The Hybrid Urban Form of a small Town; ‘Trigger Points’ through A settlement from a riverbank to the Arabian sea; ‘Hybrid Street Network and to be developed Infrastructure’ through Roads as a street in the Rajula precinct, The Clock Tower Road : Public Realm, Water & Sanitation System; and ‘Land Assembly System and Choices of the People’ through analyzing the Urban Form the Precinct and A Five Minute Town : Rajula.

“ The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5 Minute Neighborhood

1 Precinct Overview

2 Trigger Points

The Hybrid Urban A Settlement from Form of a small Town a Riverbank to the : Rajula Arabian Sea

1.1 Introduction to the Precinct.

1.2 Block patterns and Unit sizes

2.1 History of the Town.

2.2 Historical Evolution of the town.

2.3 Timeline of the Urban 1.3 Accessibility and Transformation of the Proximity within 400 meter Precinct. of Distance.

2.4 Spatial and Physical Transformation of the Town and the Precinct.

3

4

Hybrid street Networks and to be developed Infr

Roads as a Street in the Rajula Precinct

The Clock Tower Road As an Identity of the Town : Public Realm

3.1 Nature of the Roads and Streets Network

4.1 Street as a Public Space.

3.2 Road Network Pattern within the Precinct.

4.2 The diversity of different Activities makes Tower Road as a significant Place.

3.3 Network Connectivity within the Precinct.

3.4 Network Accessibility within the Precinct

d�

Content

5

rastructure Framework

6

7

Land Assembly System And Choices of the People

Tap to Tap and Door to Door System : Water Supply and Sanitation System

A shift from Traditional to Modern : analyzing the urban form of Rajula

A 5 (Five) Minute Town : Rajula

5.1 Mechanism of Solid Waste Management.

6.1 Built fabric and Unbuilt Open Spaces.

5.2 Surface Water Distribution System.

7.1 What are the choices that makes Rajula as five minute neighborhood.

6.2 Built and Land Use distribution of the Precinct. 7.2 Housing : People Prefer to stay in community living.

6.3 Residential Built Typology and its Property 7.3 Jobs and Livelihood : Prices.

One-third of the town’s population is working population.

6.4 Dwelling Units per Hectare and Floor Space 7.4 Transportation system : Index (FSI).

More People on the street than Machines.

5.3 Open Sewage and Storm Water Network needs attention.

8 Conclusion

1.

The Hybrid Urban Form of a small Town : Rajula

The Precinct is located in Rajula, a newly developing town in the Saurashtra region of Amreli district, Gujarat. The development of the town is largely influenced because of its close proximity to the Pipavav Sea Port - the largest shipbuilding and heavy Industrial companies of India. The economy of this town is mainly based on these industries and agriculture. This town is also very well known for its rich stone mine that exports stones around the country. Most of the built form is low rise - ground and first floor which was constructed by using local stone as a readily available building material. Rajula lies on the national highway NH-8E that connects Bhavnagar to Somnath.

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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

Location of the precinct and the town context

1.1 Introduction to the Precinct The Precinct : One Square Km

From the areal image of the precinct one can identify scale, grains and road networks reflect that the town was organically developed in nonuniform foot print pattern. There is dense fabric in the North and loose fabric in the South.

The collision of organic urban form and grid system in the precinct. The orientation of the roads and street network is mostly North-west to South-east. All red dotted lines are Primary Arterial roads, orange dotted lines are secondary collector and yellow dotted lines are local streets.

Hierarchy of Roads and Street Patterns in the Precinct PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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1.2 Block patterns and Unit sizes Different Block Pattern

Different block sizes represents that the larger blocks sizes in organic fabrics have smaller building footprints sizes while in smaller block sizes near tower road and station roads have larger footprints sizes within the precinct.

The variation in smaller and larger footprints as per the different usage of building within the precinct.

Variation in Building Foot Prints

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1.3 Accessibility and Proximity within 400 meter of Distance Built Fabric of the Precinct

The proximity of the important Public Institutions of the town within 400 meters of distance from the Clock Tower. Each ring in the diagram is at 100 meters of distance from the center of the clock tower.

From the Clock Tower - Civil Hospital, Primary Schools, City Garden & Old Mamlatdar Office are within 100 meter distance; City Police Station, Dharamshala & Old Railway station compound are within 200 meter distance; APMC marketing yard & City Vegetable Market within 300 meter of a distance and Boys and Girls High schools, City Bus station & Rajula Nagar Palika are within 400 meter distance.

Proximity of Public Institutions PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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2.

The origin location of the town on the bank of Dhaterwadi river.

A Settlement from a Riverbank to the Arabian Sea Visual Paradigm Online Diagrams Express Edition

The history of Rajula had a great impact on the precinct as it is located within the core part of the town. The historical events occurred earlier were initial trigger points which further led to growth of the town. Precinct has witnessed the overall change from inception of the town to the current development expanding along the Pipavav Port on Arabian sea. Rajula was a small settlement within the precinct which grew on the bank of Dhaterwadi river. It is situated close to the Rajanio Hill and is said to have derived its name of Rajula. In ancient times this Rajula was a place of flourishing trade and one of the important centers which used to supply food grains and other necessities in neighboring villages and towns. From the evolution time of Rajula, it is well known for its building stone as ‘Rajula Stone’ which is of an excellent quality used for building construction.

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Nawab of Junagadh

Before

1785

Belongs to Junagadh

Raval Vakhtsingh

1785-86 Under Bhavnagar Ruler

- Rajula area was originally belonged to Babarias of Babariadhar.

- Bhavnagar ruler annexed Rajula from Nawab of Junagadh.

- Then it was belonged to the Nawab of Junagadh.

- Rajula was under Bhavnagar ruler for nine years until 1795.

- A Bha of Vak

- P by rup Jun

2.1 History of the Town

Nawab And RawalÂ

1796 A Battle was foughtÂ

Damajirao Gaekwad

After Independence

Formation of Gujarat

1811

1949

1960

Province of Baroda State

Merged with Bombay State

A battle was fought at avnagar between Nawab Junagadh and Raval khatsingh.

- After the death of Nawab in 1811 Gaekwad established their claim on the throne of Junagadh.

- Amreli along with other provinces of Baroda state was merged with Bombay state.

Peace was concluded payment of 1,15,000 ppes and Hold under nagadh.

- Rajula then was a former province of Amreli district under Baroda State.

-This state was reorganized and bigger bilingual state of Bombay was formed as Saurashtra.

Became a Part of Gujarat

- On 1st may, Bombay state was bifurcated and two separate states of Gujarat and Maharashtra was formed.

- Since that day Amreli district along with Rajula became a part of Gujarat state.

PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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First Phase and Triggers of Evolution of the town

Second Phase and Triggers of Evolution of the Town

The initial phase of the organic settlement along the Dhaterwadi river bank and between two mountains.

Major occupation during that time was agriculture and mining of the stone.

The initial growth of the town towards Haveli Chowk due to new railway development, Clock tower, construction of Dhaterwadi dam and few public institutes like general small hospital and primary school.

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2.2 Historical Evolution of the Town Third Phase and Triggers of Evolution of the Town

Current Phase & Triggers of Evolution of the Town

The new urban form taking place due to construction of High school, APMC marketing yard, new Civil Hospital and few commercial buildings along tower road.

The overall growth of the town highlighting the impact of National highway and the development of Pipavav port.

PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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14

1954

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

1979

• A Passage for Farmers and travellers over a Dhaterwadi River.

• Increased Connec0vity for intercity Transporta0on.

Dhaterwadi Bridge

• Transporta0on and mobility increased.

• 1st Ever Railway sta0on was Built in the Town.

Railway Sta>on

Led to increase in the jobs opportuni0es.

India’s One of the largest Cement Manufacturing Plant.

• •

Pipavav Sea Port

Suburb villages are known for Limestone mine reserves.

•

UltraTech Cement Plant

1956

• Immigra0on of the students from neighbouring villages started growing

• The only one secondary educa0onal ins0tute among 72 villages of Rajula.

J.A.Sanghvi High School

• Developed as a Main Commercial Centre.

• Historical Land Mark of the town.

Clock Tower

1922 1986

1996

2000 •

Not-for-Profit Hospital addresses the socioeconomic issues in the town.

• Improved health and checkup facili0es within the town.

New Civil Hospital

• India’s largest private sector port and world’s third largest container terminal opera0ng port.

Proposed SIR is located in Rajula.

•

Work of underground drainage system was ini0ated.

Expansion of the na0onal highway started.

•

•

• A rise in land prices and real estate business in the town.

Redevelopment of New Bus Sta0on.

•

New Transport & Infra.

2004

• New land use on agricultural land was proposed for new development in the town.

• Rajula Sewa Sadan was changed to Rajula Nagar Palika.

1999

Rajula Nagar Palika

• New residen0al development started in the southern Rajula.

6 • Led to the expansion of commercial ac0vi0es.

• Increased in Agricultural Trade and Commerce.

APMC Marke>ng Yard

Led to increase in the job opportuni0es.

•

2.3 Time-line of the Urban Transformation of the Precinct

2015

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Spatial transformation up to 2005

Spatial transformation up to 2010

• • •

• • • •

16

Growth around old railway station Area.

Rajula Nagar Palika Formed.

Illegal encroachment on vacant land.

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

Growth beyond old railway station Area.

Change in Building Material.

Immigration due to Pipavav Port.

Rise in residential Development.

2.4 Spatial and Physical Transformation of the Town and the Precinct Spatial transformation up to 2015

Spatial transformation up to 2019

• • • •

• • • •

Growth of the town in south-east direction.

Change in Land Use - Non Agriculture Rise in Real Estate development.

New Commercial and Institutional Re-development.

Road widening and Densification of the town.

Development along National Highway.

New Public Infrastructure & Commercial Complexes.

Increase in Export of Stone Trade.

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3.

Road Network Pattern of the Town passing through the Precinct

Roads as a Street in the Rajula Precinct

As the title describes, roads in Rajula are used as streets because of the kind of activities that take place. Road network of Rajula town has direct implication over the precinct as it is located within the core part where the area of town is 2.32 Sq.km and the precinct is 1 sq.km. Therefore content follows a macro to micro structure in which it looks upon town level to precinct level roads to street network. The text here focuses on the nature of the street network and how well it is connected within the precinct through different analysis and the inferences derived from it. It also assesses the quality of streets and its use with respect to different activities, size of the blocks, length of the street and availability of number of junctions for ease in accessibility.

Adapted from Google Earth (Rajula). Retrieved on 24 August 2020. Co 2020 by Google Earth.

Note. Major connectivity of roads network in the town along with the missing links for better connectivity.

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opyright

3.1 Nature of the Roads and Streets Network Eatery Street near Tower Road

Street of Haveli Chowk

Main Bazaar - The Tower Road

Rajula has an organic road network formed by the intersection of the main primary route as Central Arterial Road which is a State Highway and three secondary lower level routes as SubArterial Road networks which are Tower Roads with two other parallel roads.

The precinct is located within the core part of the town where sub-arterial roads like Tower road, Jawahar road and Palika road have become the main commercial centers. Connectivity of the National highway to the town by arterial roads and two parallel sub-arterial roads is guiding the spatial development of the town. As the town is still in the stage of development there are some missing links that can be identified for the better connectivity along with the development by half radial rings.

e PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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Hierarchy of Streets and Road Network within the Precinct

Street Condition Assessment - Right of Way

Different typology of streets and road patterns of the precinct where diagrams highlight the major concentration of Collector Streets within the city center followed by Local Streets patterns within old organic fabric.

17.9% of the precinct is streets and roads where 92% of the roads have less than 9 meter of wide roads.

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3.2 Road Network Pattern within the Precinct Road widths within the Precinct

Activities along the Eatery Street

Activities along the Tower Road

The precinct has a very unique network of streets in terms of their width. Unlike other cities or any standard definition of road widths, Rajula has comparatively smaller road widths for pedestrian and vehicular movements. These road networks have organically formed over a period of time without any footpaths or any building setbacks. These roads mostly act as a street in a small town like Rajula where most of the public amenities are within 400 meter of distance. They showcase a rich public realm with closely knitted activities like shopping, vending, food stalls, smalls pan shops, walking, vehicle side parking and many more happening there. People mostly prefer to walk on these streets instead of using cars or any other big vehicles because of the short distance to the workplace.

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3.3 Network Connectivity within the Precinct Link - Node Ratio: Rajula Precinct D

D

D

D

DD D

D

Link - Node Ratio: Karnal Precinct

D

D D

D

DD

D D DD

D

D D

D D D D

D D

D

D

D

D D

D

D D D

D D D

D

D

D

D

D

D D

DD

D D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D D DD D

D

D D

D

D D

D D D D

Rajula Precinct

0.92

Connected Node Ratio Karnal Precinct

0.85

Connected Node Ratio

D D D

D D

D

1.41

Link Node Ratio

1.67

Link Node Ratio

The comparison is done to understand connectivity of link and node ratio with Karnal precinct of a planned road network with an organic road network.

22 Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

Network connectivity within the precinct is assessed through the length of the road to its nearest junction for an ease in movement. The length of road is termed as a Link and nearest junction as a Node. The relationship between this link and node provides multiple options to the user for a better movement from one point to the other. According to the urban standard, higher the connected ‘node to node ratio’ and ‘link to node ratio’ there is a higher connectivity.

Rajula precinct has higher network connectivity as compared to Karnal precinct due to fewer number of dead ends and higher node to node connection ratio that is 1.22 and node to link ratios which is 1.41.

3.4 Network Accessibility within the Precinct Block Perimeter: Rajula Precinct

Rajula Precinct

288 m

1446 m

542

3611

Block Perimeter: Karnal Precinct

Rajula precinct has the minimum size block perimeter of 1 meter, average size is 288 meter and highest is 1446 Avg. Block Perimeter Highest Block Perimeter meter. A comparative analysis was done between the Karnal precinct and Rajula precinct in order to understand in detail more about planned road network versus an organic Karnal Precinct road network. In Karnal, due to the large number of block m m perimeters, network accessibility is more or less within 1000 Avg. Block Perimeter Highest Block Perimeter meter of distance whereas in Rajula precinct due to small size perimeter there is high accessibility within 400 meter of The comparison is done to understand accessibility of block distance. This comparison between two precincts is evident perimeters with Karnal precinct of a planned road network that a small town which has organically developed has a with an organic road network. higher network accessibility within its block perimeter.

PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University 23

4.

Tower Road as a Public Space

The Clock Tower Road As an Identity of the Town : Public Realm

The core of the town lies along the Clock tower road which has developed as a main commercial center over the years. The straight length of the road is about 550 meter long with gradually increasing its width sizes from Haveli chowk to the General Hospital and Tulsi Bagh (Public City Garden area).

The land assembly system along this road follows an increasing order from the private residential built to the public institutions. The diversity of the different activities occurring on this road makes it a significant place and a historical monument like the Clock tower which makes it a Landmark and Identity of the town.

Study Area

550

m Length Study Area : Clock Tower Road

29.3

% Private Space

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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

7.7 % = Public + Open Space

4.1 Street as a Public Space Nolli’s Map of the Precinct

Private

Public

Regulated Public Space

70.7

% Private Space

2.6 %

Public Space in Roads

19 % + Regulated Public Space PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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4.2 The 3D View of the Clock Tower Road : A Public Realm

SPATIAL SPATIALANALYSIS ANALYSISOF OFTOWER TOWERROAD ROAD SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TOWER ROAD

ACTIVITY MAPPING MORNING ACTIVITIES : 06:00AM - 08:00AM

GROUND GROUND FLOOR FLOOR USE USE ALONG ALONG THE THE STREET STREET

GROUND FLOOR ALONG THE STREET Ground Floor UseUSE along the Street Residential Residential area area around around thethe Street Street Residential area around the Street Religious Religious places places - Semi - Semi Public Public Religious places - Semi Public Commercial Commercial shops shops along along thethe Street Street Commercial shops along the Street Public Public Institute Institute near near thethe Tower Tower Road Road Public Institute near the Tower Road

ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY Accessibility ACCESSIBILITY

AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES : 12:00PM - 05:00PM

Rickshaw Rickshaw Stand Stand Rickshaw Stand Vehicular access Vehicular access Vehicular access Pedestrian access Pedestrian access Pedestrian access Parking Along thethe Parking Along Parking Street StreetAlong the Street

Activity Mapping

POROSITY POROSITY POROSITY

Porus Porus edge edge Porus edge Opaque Opaque edge edge Opaque edge Access Access to to internal internal Access to internal streets streets streets

NIGHT ACTIVITIES : 8:00PM - 11:00PM

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e diversity of different Activities makes Tower Road as a significant Place Filling the voids : Un-used spaces are filled with Vending Activity

Activities outside Vegetable Market

The tower road is a mix of everything starting from the residential area with smaller streets of 3.5-meter width near haveli chowk to the wider public main Bazaar of 14-meter width near Clock tower. This Tower road is divided into various segments where one can find at every interval of 45-meter distance there are different activities happening.

All the buildings are in continuity and it provides a sense of enclosure along an entire stretch.

While walking along the pavements of this road, one can strongly perceive an active and interactive frontage of the shops. As most of the part of this road remains shaded during the day, it encourages vending activities and allows people to sit and walk along the edges.

PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University

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In Rajula, the main source of water is Dhareshwar Dam from where water is brought to Dhaterwadi Dam during the Summers. There is a 2 hours daily water supply from the municipality to each Household. In summers, 50% water dependency is from Ground Water source via bore-wells, tubewells, hand pumps, etc.

Residential So

RESIDENTIAL SW

RA JULA LANDFILL SITE 0.7 KM 2 MINS

Es;mated solid w In Residen;al Are

Min. 2.2kg SW

PALIKA’S CHOTA HATH

Variation in contours due to stone mines are resultant of irregular street sections with absence of catch-pit area that becomes the major reason for water logging. Rajula has 3.8 sq.km of Open Drainage system but there is frequent spillover of the sewage water on the street.

For Solid waste management system, municipality have assigned two Chotta hathis to each wards which collects the waste from door to door on time to time basis.

Bins Near Stati

PRECINCT

0.6m

It takes 0.7 Km distance and 2 minutes time to travel

by Chotta Hathi from the Precinct to reach Rajula Landfill site.

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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

1.2m 1m

Tap to Tap and Door to Door System : Water Supply and Sanitation System

Location Map of Landfill Site

1.2m

5.

There is Zero / form of Green their process o

5.1 Mechanism of Solid Waste Management

olid Waste Generation and Its Management at Precinct level

Waste Collection System

W GENERATION & ITS MANAGEMENT

waste genera;on ea : 6.5 Ton

Max. 38.9 kg SW

Palika’s firesta;on & Chota Hathi sta;on Ave. 2.4 kg SW

H STATION & WASTE COLLECTION BINS

tion Road

Bins Near Residential Area

Ward No.07

Bins Near Different Nodes

/ (NO) nuisance point in the Town. Segregation of waste done in the n and Blue Bins which easily separate Dry and Wet wastes based on of recycling.

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nsumers nsumers

SURFACE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

5.2 Surface Water Distribution System

GSR

Water Treatment Plant Dhareshwar Dam

Dhareshwar Dam

Dhaterwadi River

Dhaterwadi River

Dhareshwar Dam

Dhareshwar Dam

Consumers

1 1

Main Source

0.29 0.29 Apa rtment

Dhareshwar Dam

0.1 0.1 Ro wh ouse

PRECINCT Level

Deta ched Se mi detach ed Ch awl

Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched Se mi detach ed Ch awl Building type wise demand in MLD*

Consumers Building type wise demand in MLD* GSR

Dhareshwar Dam Main Source

PRECINCT Level

Demand for Water Supply

30

Demand for Water Supply

Water Water Treatment Plant Distribution Station

GSR

Water Distribution Station

Consumers

Consumers

Water Treatment Plant

Dhaterwadi River Dam

Dhaterwadi River Dam

0.85 0.85

lation Served

lation Served

GSR

Intake Well

573 573 tal lation Served tal

410 410 tal lation Served tal

Intake Well SURFACE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Source of Water in Rajula

Demand of Water Supply

Water Treatment Plant

Water DistribuMon StaMon

Rajula WTP

4 MLD Total

91.8 LPCD Per Capita

7150 Total

43573 Total

50 % Dependency

2.2 MLD Total

97 LPCD Per Capita

2735 Total

16410 Total

Water Source

on GW in Summer

Water Supply

Water Demand

Water Supply

Water Consumption

Dwellings Served

Dwellings Served

Water DistribuMon StaMon

Population Served

Population Served

Rajula WTP

4 MLD Total

91.8 LPCD Per Capita

7150 Total

43573 Total

50 % Dependency

2.2 MLD Total

97 LPCD Per Capita

2735 Total

16410 Total

Water Source

on GW in Summer

Water Supply

Water Demand

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

Water Supply

Water Consumption

Dwellings Served

Dwellings Served

Population Served

Population Served

5.3 Open Sewage and Storm Water Network needs attention Open Sewage cross section

Sewage line

Sewage line

Storm Water Drainage

500 mm

300 mm

Topography and Water logging in the Precinct

Channel

Channel

Irregular roads and street sections with absence of catch pits and blocked gutters are major reason for water logging.

Sewage water spillover because of insufficient open drainage and absence of underground drainage network.

Presence of hard surface at many places makes ground water percolation difficult.

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6.

Spatial Inter-relation Diagram of the Precinct

A shift from Traditional to Modern : analyzing the urban form of Rajula Rajula Precinct has a largely ground oriented and edge to edge built fabric which is formed by the traditional way of living and also by the occupational patterns. Traditional houses of Rajula had veranda space (Faliyu) where major daily household activities used to happen. Houses on the street peripheries and within the chowk area had attached small shops like general provision, vegetable, shoemaker, goldsmith etc. Based on different communities and their occupation. The urban form of Rajula is the resultant of autonomous and continuous development over a period of time and earlier it was not governed by the building regulations. But the precinct has undergone a certain change in the past two decades due to different building bylaws, increase in the family sizes, structure and increased economic opportunities within the town has led to the demand for different typology of built form and land use.

Abstract diagram of the Rajula precinct highlighting its urban structure of reference, landmark and major corridors.

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e through nodes, point

6.1 Built Fabric and Unbuilt Open Spaces Figure Ground: Built and Unbuilt Open spaces

Legends City Bus Station

Legends

High School

City Bus Station

APMC Marketing Yard

High School

Stone Mining Site

APMC Marketing Yard

Important Stone Mining Site

nodes/ junctions of the precinct

Important nodes/ junctions of the precinct

Point of reference Point of reference

Residential Buildings Residential Buildings

Commercial Buildings

Commercial Buildings

32

% Built Fabric

68

% Un-Built Open Spaces

21 % 21 % Setbacks & Open Public Open land - Old Railway station compound Public Open land - Old Railway station compound Private Open Spaces Institutional Institutional Buildings

Buildings

21 % Transport Area

07 % Vacant Spaces

Roads and streets of the precinct

Roads and streets of the precinctIn Rajula precinct, buildings are built edge to edge by sharing

a common wall leaving no margin. The Figures represents the share of 21% under setbacks are used in a private open space as a verandah space or a courtyard where daily household activities are performed.

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Building use pattern of the Precinct

Land use pattern of the Precinct

56

39

44

61

% Residential

% Residential

% Non- Residential

26 % Retail 34

08 % Non- Retail

07 % Institutions

03 % Other

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

% Non- Residential

30 % Commercial

10 % Institutional

09 % Vacant

05 % Transport

6.2 Built and Land Use distribution of the Precinct Ground Floor use pattern of the Precinct

50.3

Residential

The Urban Form of the entire Precinct

%

46.7

% Non- Residential

03

% Parking Space

Precinct has almost balanced built use which is 56% residential and 46% non residential. On the other hand it varies with land use where it is 39% residential and 61% non residential use.

This variation is because many residences near streets or a road network have primary ground floor use as a commercial use and secondary above floor is used for residential use. Within the precinct 30% of the land is under commercial use. It can be analyzed from Built and Land use plan that this commercial land use is spreading gradually over residential land use located along the main roads from the Clock tower. Due to which land prices of old residential building plots around this area have increased significantly by giving more importance to the commercial activities.

10% of the land use is under Institutional use where it is evident from the Built and Land use plan that these institutional lands are located mostly near major transport facilities. This is because it is easy for the immigrants students to study and nearby villagers for healthcare and shopping activities who are visiting here on a daily basis.

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4.4

4.4

Residential Building Type

Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat

Residential Building Type

Ahmedabad, Gujarat

4.4

Residential Built Typology of Rajula Precinct

Residential Building Type

Residential Built Typology of Memnagar Precinct, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Detached Semi-detached Detached

Apartment

Detached Semi-detached

Apartment Chawl 6000

46

% Semi-detached

4800 3600 2400 1200

46

Chawl Rowhouse Apartment Non-residential 6000 Chawl

354

75

0 Se mi de tached

2400 % 3600 Semi-detached 1200

2735 2735

0

Source : Primary Survey

36

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

7676

76

(Based on no. of DU)

314

314

344

6157

786Ch awl

Se mi de tached

6157 61

(Based on no.

0

Se mi de tached

0 : Primary Survey Source Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched

Source : Primary Survey

Apart

786

344

1200 Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched

Total Dwelling Total Dwelling Units Units

Non-residen

% % Apartment Apartment

4713

0

0 Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched

3600 4800

2400 (Based on no. of DU)

1259

1047

4800 6000

Semi-detached

4713

Rowhouse Non-residential Rowhouse

0 Ch awl

Total Dwelling Units

Total Dwelling Total Dwelling Units

6.3 Residential Built Typology and its Property Prices

25m

25m

17m

15m

18m

Built Form Matrix : Traditional and Modern Building Typology

20m 16m

12m

6m

RAW-HOUSE

DETACHED

62% GROUND COVERAGE FSI : 0.97

FSI : 0.74

36% GROUND COVERAGE

20m

APARTMENT

34% GROUND COVERAGE FSI : 0.97

The residential built typology of Rajula precinct is mostly low rise with low density ground oriented built forms like pol houses of Ahmedabad (row houses and semi-detached dwellings). While in Ahmedabad precinct there are more high rise apartments and individual semi-detached bungalows. In this precinct due to high rise buildings and individual bungalows with marginal boundary walls, the social life of the residents is disconnected from one another and residential units are more or less inactive. While in low rise built form of Rajula precinct, most of the buildings are sharing common walls where people are socially connected to each other and they have active residential frontages.

RETAIL

NON- RETAIL

FSI : 2.0

FSI : 5.0

100% GROUND COVERAGE

100% GROUND COVERAGE

In rajula precinct, the minimum residential property price per square meter is 9,680 rupees within core old town and it increases to 43,040 rupees near Clock tower road and bus station. Ahmedabad precinct has minimum residential property price starts at 48,183 rupees per square meter and maximum is 70,079 rupees per square meter.

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9 5

9 5

6

6 2

4.7 Ownership PublicLand and Private Land Ownership

8 Density (DUs) with Floor Space Index (FSI) in Rajula 4 8 4 Unit Dwelling

Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat

1

3

31 %

9 5

69 %

2 4

Public

8

1 7

1. Vacant 2. Public Utility 3. Residential 4. Open Space 5. Religious

8

8 10

10

Private Private

6969

% % Public Public

1. Vacant1. Vacant 2. Public 2.

Utility Public Utility 3. Residential 3. Residential 4.10 Open Space 4. Open Space 5. Religious 5. Religious

Private

% Public Plot wise

Public

1

7

Private 3131 Ownership

8

31

7

Public Ownership

6

Public

2

% % Private Private

6. Commercial 6. Commercial 7. Institutional 7. Institutional 8. Transport 8. Transport 9. Defunct 9. Defunct 10. Agriculture 10. Agriculture

Source : Primary SourceSurvey : Primary Survey

69

%

Private Non-Residential Floor Space 6. Commercial 7. Institutional 8. Transport 9. Defunct 10. Agriculture

Source : Primary Survey

2,67,913 m2

Total NonResidential Floor Space

38

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

27.4

166

Net Residential DUs / Ha

1.2 Net FSI

0.65

Population / Ha

0.01

Gross FSI Lowest FSI

5.0

Highest FSI

Comparison of Rajula and Memnagar, Ahmedabad Precinct high with Net SFI and Gross FSI consumed along with lowest and highe

4.9

6.4 Dwelling Units per Hectare and Floor Space Index (FSI)

Plot wise Floor Space Index

a and Memnagar Precinct Gujarat Ahmedabad,

0 0.1 – 1.0 1.1 – 2.0

2.1 – 3.0 3.1 – 4.0 4.1 – 5.0

61.5

5.1 – 6.0 6.1 – 7.0 7.1 – 8.0

Net Residential DUs / Ha

1.5

1.0

Gross FSI Net FSI

289

> 8.0

1.5

Population / Ha

Net FSI

1.00.080.08

5.6 5.6

FSIFSI GrossLowest FSI FSI Lowest FSI Highest Highest

Source : Primary Survey

hlights dwelling units and population density per hectare of land est FSI within the same area of a square kilometer.

Rajula precinct is an out-come of an organic development over a time. There were no particular restrictions on building and factors like FSI have never practiced here. People have built as per their requirement maintaining ground floor and above floor if needed. The figures in the analysis are the resultant of what is present in the precinct. In Ahmedabad precinct FSI is regulated by the development control regulation department. From both the figures, in Rajula precinct it is evident that even with the horizontal growth on ground seems to be very dense; it has low density dwelling units with less number of population per hectare of land as compared to that of Ahmedabad precinct with high rise high density of built fabric.

Rajula precinct represents a model of the Hybrid Development which indicates that it has low rise low built where maximum number of dwellings have more flexible spaces on ground for various daily activities. These dwellings can expand incrementally in the same piece of land whenever it is required.

In case of a city where built and land values per dwelling is very expensive people therefore have to compromise on their space utilizations.

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7.

CHOICES Choices and Preferences

A 5 (Five) Minute Town : Rajula

Rajula is a town of inclusive, vibrant and healthy neighborhood. The Five Minute neighborhood is all about living locally that gives people the ability to meet most of their daily needs within a five minute walk from home.

HOME

COMM

HOUSING OPTION

MOD TRANS

This walkable neighborhood is well connected through a mix land-uses, different housing typologies, job centers and access to local public transport which creates a healthy communities.

These connected and walkable places are where people can live, work and play.

CORE COMMUNITY

WALK /

As per the standards, 800 meter is the maximum distance people are willing to walk to meet their daily needs locally. In Rajula, most of the services are within 400 meter distance which takes about five minute journey from home to a destination.

LOW INCOME AREA

CA

PERIPHERY

BU

Source : Household Survey

40

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

NEW SOCIETIES

BIKE / S

7.1 The Choices that makes Rajula as a Five Minute Neighborhood STATUS OF HOUSING AND HH CHARACTERISTICS

Status of Housing and its House Hold characteristics

7,150

Total Hous

98.5% o

MUTE

WORK

81.1% o

79.7% o 40.5 %

0.4% of

Average Pe

DE OF SPORT

/ CYCLE

AR

US

Row Houses

DISTANCE TO WORK

STATUS OF HOUSING AND HH CHARACTERISTICS

AGRICULTURE LABOURER

COOTER

18.3 m

26.4 m Apartments

7,150

Total Housing stock (Res. & Non- Res.) 98.5% of Housing Stock (Residen7al) 81.1% of HH staying in owned houses

VENDOR

79.7% of HH with toilet within the premises

VEG. MARKET

40.5 % of HH with water supply within the premises 0.4% of Slum Households

APMC

Average Per Capita Space consumed (M2)

SCHOOL/HOSPITAL

18.3 m2

21.3 m2

SERVICE - COMPONY

26.4 m2

30 m2

Row Houses

Apartments

Detached Houses

Semi - Detached

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HOUSING CHOICES THAT PEOPLE MAKE OVER A

Housing Preferences

Housing Choices that People make over a period of ti

S

1 Km Radius

No. of Households

1 Km Radius

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

05

09

No. of Households

ES

Below 10,000

10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 25,000 50,000 1, 00,000

1- 2 Lakhs

Above 2 Lakhs

Monthly Income [₹]

• Inherited Grandfather’s Row House Migrated from Semi-Detached Chawl Other Marriage Monthly Income [₹] • Occupation Vaghnagar to Rajula Apartment Detached Row House Agriculture. due to Indian famine Semi-Detached Chawl Income Other • Lower groups spent their • House near River of 1899-90 most of the monthly expenses on • Lower Income groups spent their Housing Food.on most of the monthlyand expenses Housing Food.most of the Income • and Across

e

•

trt

Below 10,000

•

10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 -Detached 1- 2 Above 2 Apartment 25,000 50,000 1, 00,000 Lakhs Lakhs •

33%

15%

Across most of the Income groups, expenditure is more on groups, expenditure is moreSurvey on food.

Source : Household food. Distance to Work & Near to Educational • Social Amenities In Middle Income

Institutes groups,

In Middle Income groups, New Society Living expenditure is equally spent on Core- Mix-community Living New Society Living expenditure is equally spent on Core- Mix-community Living transport RowHouses and apartments transport due to workdue and to work and Bharwad (Maldhari) community RowHouses and apartments Bharwad (Maldhari) community businesses.

Public Infrastructure Near to Public Apartments & Bunglowsbusinesses.

Khoja(Shiya) (Shiya) community RentedRented Apartments & Bunglows Khoja community •

Lower community LowerIncome Income community

SampleSample StudiedStudied

10%

09%

Services

Transport

Preferences for Housing Choices

42

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

A PERIOD OF TIME

7.2 Housing : People Prefer to stay in Community Living

times : case study

05

08

• HH Increased Father separated from Joint family Incremental housing.

• • Elder brother got Stayed in rental separated.

Housing 9.3 Housing typology [Income wise]for 4 years.

•

•

•

Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

No. of Households

r.

17

• •

Bought same Inherited house and re-built it.

HH size increased Incremental Housing.

07

• • •

Bought New House.

Investment.

Given on Rent.

The quality and desirability of a house is affected by its physical surroundings and by the services and amenities available in the location. (Lindamood, et al, 1978: 86)

Below 10,000

10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 25,000 50,000 1, 00,000

1- 2 Lakhs

Above 2 Lakhs

Monthly Income [₹] Apartment Semi-Detached

Detached Chawl

Row House Other

In Rajula, people make choices for the neighborhood that is in close proximity to their work places, Social amenities, daily Shopping, schools, recreational areas, Transport facility and is queit, clean, safe and stable. A home that has a locational advantage is more valuable and desirable than the same home without these.

IncomeTop wise Housing Typology 2 preferences for housing choices

33% Distance to Work & Social Amenities

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WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION AND MODE SHARE

7.3 Jobs and

35%

Workforce Participation and Work Trip Mode Share WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION AND MODE SHARE

Non-working

35%

lakhs

lakhs

Sq.km

Sq.km

Km

Km

lakhs 0.12 lakhs 1.3 km length 7.6 Total Workers NMTKm trip PT Km tripkm length

Total TownWorkers Workers

44

NMT length PT trip length NMTtrip Trip Length PT Trip Length

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

In

Toal Workers

Clas

Industr

Toal Workers

ClassificaPon of

54%

Male

54%

Male

Based Mode Share

lakhs

Gender Based ModeGender Share

0.38lakhs 2.32 2.32Sq.km 0.38 Town PopulaPon2.32 Toal Town Area TownPopulaPon Population Toal Town Area Town Town Area 0.12 1.3 1.3 7.67.6 0.12

32.5%

32.5%

ParPcipaPon Rate by Gender

Workforce Workforce ParPcipaPon ParPcipaPon Rate byWorkforce Gender Rate in Workforce Rajula

ParPcipaPon Rate in Rajula

Non-working

11%

11%

9

Female

Ma

90% Wo1

Female

Main Worker

03%

06%

M W

•

A

PT PTAgricultureC: 03%Male 06% Female share share Male PT share

Female PT share

• •

•

• :H Cultivator 0

1.6% 1.4 %HH IndustrieO •

•

1.6%Male Trip 1.4 %Female TripOther Worke •

Length Male TripLengthFemale Trip Length

Length

d Livelihood : One-Third of the Town’s population is Working Population

rial

M = 15% F = 03%

Transport Bicycle 14%

Workers

M = 27% On foot 29%

F = 39%

M = 24%

2% 4% Scooter 22%

12%

f Workers

10%

Marginal Worker

: 12%

04%

es: 02%

ers : 82%

F = 10%

82% Car 1%

Indu. Workers ClassificaPon OTHER AGRICULTURE No Travel CULTIVATOR 26% HH INDUSRTIES

Auto 2%

M = 24% F = 38%

Other ClassificaPon 82% • •

Bus 4%

•

Any other 2%

•

• • •

Pipavav Sea Port L&T Cement APMC Schools Construc7on Shops Offices.

Rajula’s one third of the total population is working population. Location of Job centers and its proximity plays a major role in people’s choices as in where to stay and how far to commute for work.

The Span of the Town is 2.32 Sq.km where people prefer to walk on average 1.3 km to their work places daily. There is large amount of in migration workers from other state to Rajula due to Pipavav sea port & ship building, and UltrTech Cement Plant in a close proximity.

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Existing Public Transportation System To Amreli - Rajkot

To

ar

ng

Du

huva

a To M

Dhaterwadi Dam

Rickshaw Stand Taxi Stand

Bus Stand

No. of People

11.6

Rajula Bus Station Bus Stops

Bypass road junction

43%

Km PT Trip Length

0-1

1-5

On Foot Bicycle Bus

To Jafarabad

5-10

10- 20

20- 30

Work Trip NMT Share

Amreli District, Gujarat

above 30

Moped/Scooter/Motor Cycle Car/Jeep/Van Autorickshaw/Taxi/Tempo

Train Any other No Travel

Trip length vs Mode

40 35 30 25

80%

No. of People

No. of Households

100%

60% 40% 20% 0%

Work Trip

In Rajula, about 43% of the total work trips are done by walking and bicycle and about 22% work trips are done by the two wheelers. This is because of higher accessibility, connectivity and proximity. In Rajula, about 45% of the total Vehicle Ownership and Mobility Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat Households owns two wheeler and use it as Trip length vs Mode share a private mode of transport because it is also very economical and comfortable. Rajula has a State Bus Service as Public Transport (PT) which share only 4% work trips. This trips are generally made by students and local people coming from neighboring villages for education, daily/ weekly shopping, checkup, etc. -Mode share 11.3 health Trip length Distribution

Household wise vehicle ownership

20 15 10 5

Below 10,000

10,001 25,000

No vehicles 4 wheeler Source : Primary Survey

46

PT Share

Distance in KM

State Bus Route Bypass Road

7.6

Thousands

Taxi & Rickshaw Stands

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

04%

Km PT Trip Length

Mahuva Jagatnaka

Agaria Jagatnaka

1.3

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

25,001 50,000

50,001 - 1 - 2 Lakhs Above 2 1,00,000 Lakhs

Monthly Income Bicycle 3 wheeler

2 wheeler Other vehicles

0

0-1

2-5

On Foot Bicycle Bus

1.3

km NMT Trip Length

6-10

11-20

21-30

31-50

Distance in KM

Moped/Scooter/Motor Cycle Car/Jeep/Van Autorickshaw/Taxi/Tempo

51+

Train Any other No Travel

7.6

km PT Trip Length

7.4 Transportation System : More People on the Street than Machines A Five minute Town : a schematic PT route map

NUTE TOWN

PT takes, on Average

1.3 times

#1. Haveli Chowk

PT takes, on Average

Longer than Private 1.3 times

#2. Mahuva Jagatnaka

Haveli Chowk

Mode onger than Private Mode Ave. PT PT Fare : Rs. Ave. Fare: Rs.22/22/-

Distance: 1.2 km Time : 5 minute Mahuva Jagatnaka Mahuva Jagatnaka

Sukhnath Temple

Than that of a Car hatPrivate of a Car - Private Mode Mode Ave. CAR Fare : Rs. 15/Ave. Car Fare: Rs. 15/-

River

River

1.4times times 1.4

Dhaterwadi

PT Cost, on Average

Sukhnath Temple

Dhaterwadi

PT Cost, on Average

Distance: 0.35 km Time : <1 minute

Haveli Chowk

PT Cost, on Average

4.8times times 4.8

a Two Mode hatThan of a that Bikeof - Private Wheelers - Private Mode Ave. Bike Fare : Rs. 4.5/Ave. Car Fare: Rs. 4.5/-

ource : Household Survey

Distance: 0.8 km Time : 4 minute

#4. Bus Station

Core City

Distance: 1.2 km Time : 5 minute

Core City

Clock Tower

#5. Hindorna Chowkdi

APMC

Clock Tower

APMC

Distance: 4.2 km Time : 10 minute City Bus BusStation Station CalorxCalorx Public Public School School

PT Cost, on Average

#3. Clock Tower

Predominantly Predominantly Urban

Urban

#6. APMC

Distance: 1.1 km Time : 4 minute

#7. Calorx School Distance: 1.9 km Time : 8 minute

#8. Sukhnath Temple Hindorna Crossroad

Distance: 0.7 km Time : <1 minute

Hindorna Crossroad

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8.

Conclusion

48

Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020

Rajula precinct has a dual character of Urban Form (Hybrid Urban Form) that is, Organic and Planned where the Organic encourages a more pedestrian friendly environment and Planned allows smooth flow of vehicular movement. In this case there is a collision of both the fabrics which is complementing each other. The precinct has seen a major change in its character in the past two decades due to new industries setups and the development of seaport.

There has been a significant change in the building typology from pitched roof buildings to a terraced typology due to change in building material for construction. Change in land use from agriculture has given rise to new residential and commercial development in the suburb area. In a small town like Rajula where the lifestyle of the people is traditional and this lifestyle is also reflected in the use of streets. Most of the activities in Rajula are ground oriented and accessible in a short run. The precinct is in the transition stage where it is experiencing the incremental growth in core residential areas of the old town and new residential typologies like apartment buildings and detached bungalows near bus station areas. Precinct is experiencing a significant change in commercial activities along the Clock tower road where vacant plots and residential buildings in the vicinity area are getting converted into commercial complexes due to increase in high land value.

List of Works Cited

Amreli District Administration. (2006). Amreli – An overview. https://amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/amreli/documents/ prakashano.pdf Amrani, S. L., Toprani, N.R. (Ed.). (2018). District Human Development Plan – Amreli District. https://amreli.nic.in/document/district-humandevelopment-plan/ District Census Handbook - Amreli. (2011). Village and town directory. (Series-25) (Part XII-B) https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/ DCHB_A/24/2413_PART_A_DCHB_AMRELI.pdf District Census Handbook - Amreli. (1971). Village and town directory. (Series-5) (Part X-A&B) http://lsi. gov.in:8081/jspui/ bitstream/123456789/3733/1/42264_1971_AMR.pdf

Understanding the City Studio | 2020 PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria Faculty of Planning | CEPT University Ahmedabad