SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY Emile Durkheim’s theory of social disorganization This theory is a foundational concept in criminology that explores the social order, crime and breakdown of social norms within a community. Durkheim introduced the ANOMIE. Anomie refers to a state of breakdown of social norms within a society due to lack of clear norms and rules that individuals resulting prone more to engage in criminal activities. Durkheim believed that a shard set of morals values can act as a social mechanism to disconnect individuals from engaging into criminal activities. According to Durkheim rapid social change and economic upheaval can lead to social disorganization.
MERTON’S STRAIN THEORY It is a part of social disorganization theory, which focusses on how cultural goals and the social structures can lead to social disorganization. As when individuals feels a disconnect between their goals and means to achieve their goals which can create a strain between them causing social disorganization. Merton says that structural factors such as poverty and limited access to resources to achieve personal goals may create a strain between the society causing social disorganization.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY This theory is of Sigmund freud. This theory is about human psyche has had an influence on the field of criminology. This theory focuses on the unconscious mind and the interplay of of psychological forces which accounts in committing of criminal activities. There is ID, SUPEREGO ,EGO The ID represents primitive desires seeking inadequate immediate gratification . The EGO represents that it mediates between the ID and SUPEREGO. The SUPEREGO represents internalized societal norms and moral values. This theory suggests that criminal behavior can be understood as a result of conflicts within the individuals.Freud believed that early childhood experiences and the development of the personality during the formative years could impact adult behavior. Traumatic experiences during childhood might contribute to criminal tendencies later in use.
