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Test Bank Biology The Dynamic Science 4th Edition Solution 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH Chapter Outline WHY IT MATTERS 1.1 WHAT IS LIFE? CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS Life on Earth exists at several levels of organization, each with its own emergent properties. Living organisms contain genetic information that governs their structure and function. Living organisms engage in metabolic activities. Energy flows and matter cycles through living organisms. Living organisms compensate for changes in the external environment. Living organisms reproduce, and many undergo development. Populations of living organisms change from one generation to the next. 1.2 BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Darwin and Wallace explained how populations of organisms change through time. Mutations in DNA are the raw materials that allow evolutionary change. Adaptations enable organisms to survive and reproduce in the environments where they live. 1.3 BIODIVERSITY AND THE TREE OF LIFE Researchers traditionally defined species and grouped them into successively more inclusive hierarchical categories. Today biologists identify the trunks, branches, and twigs on the tree of life. Three domains and several kingdoms form the major trunks and branches on the tree of life. Biologists often use model organisms to study fundamental biological processes. 1.4 BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Biologists confront the unknown by conducting basic and applied research.