[RE]Search [DIA]Logues: Demographics + Density

[RE[SEARCH [DIA]LOGUES

RE-CENTERING DELHI UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

DEMOGRAPHICS +EQUITY

INTRODUCTION Chloe Voltaire, Marissa Sayers, Sam Manock

Understanding the demographics of Delhi, India is perhaps one of the most important factors in being able to target successful, meaningful interventions.

Across the entirety of Delhi’s ever-growing population, and with an income divide as stark and deep as that between land and water, access to services and basic facilities varies greatly. Even within these stratified groups of access and privilege, discrepancies among men, women, and children is also an issue of social equality. Furthermore, the living conditions as they correlate to urban density are drastically different from area to area - even within neighborhoods. This density is a huge factor in other social issues such as education and health.

To understand its people means to understand Delhi as well as the Yamuna - a nuanced perspective is the only way to set the framework for further exploration.

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DELHI DISTRICTS

[SOURCE: “DELHI DISTRICTS: POPULATION & POPULATION DENSITY.” DEMOGRAPHIA. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 2, 2015. <HTTP://WWW.DEMOGRAPHIA.COM/DB-DELHIDISTR.HTM>]

NORTHWEST NORTHEAST

WEST

SOUTHWEST

NORTH CENTRAL

NEW DELHI

EAST

SOUTH

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DELHI POPULATION INCREASE The overall population of Delhi has been drastically growing over the ps century.

One Lakh is approximately equivalent to ten thousand.

“CENSUS OF INDIA: PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS FOR CENSUS 2011: NCT OF DELHI”. CENSUSINDIA. GOV.IN. RETRIEVED 2 MAY 2011.

DELHI // POPULATION ESTIMATES IN LAKHS

210.08 PREDICTED 2016

178.38 2014

139.64 2000

94.21 1991

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DELHI RELIGION The main relgiion in Delhi is Hinduism. It is very prominent, making many traditions and cultural practices significan to the entire population as a whole. The Yamuna River is the Holiest river of Hinduism - emphasizing the importance and gravity of its intervention.

“CENSUS OF INDIA: PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS FOR CENSUS 2011: NCT OF DELHI”. CENSUSINDIA. GOV.IN. RETRIEVED 2 MAY 2011.

DELHI RELIGON OTHER SIKHS

CHRISTIAN

MUSLIM

81%

HINDU

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URBAN AND RURAL COMPOSITION Due to an immense amount of rapid development, Delhi is very much an urban setting compared to its past, with only a very small portion of the population living in rural areas.

[SOURCE: “DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIA.” DELHI.GOV. SEPT 2 2015. HTTP://WWW.DELHI.GOV.IN/WPS/ WCM/CONNECT/DOIT_PLANNING/PLANNING/ECONOMIC+SURVEY+OF+DEHLI/CONTENT/DEMOGRAPHIC+PROFILE ]

URBAN VS RURAL

97.5% URBAN 2.5% RURAL POPULATION POPULATION

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AGE DISTRIBUTION Delhi’s youth makes up the majorityof the population, which makes their needs vitally important, and also begs the question of how to improve quality of life for the elderly.

[SOURCE: “DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIA.” DELHI.GOV. SEPT 2 2015. HTTP://WWW.DELHI.GOV.IN/WPS/ WCM/CONNECT/DOIT_PLANNING/PLANNING/ECONOMIC+SURVEY+OF+DEHLI/CONTENT/DEMOGRAPHIC+PROFILE ]

AGE DISTRIBUTION

5.1%

60+

29.9%

30-59

0-19

20-29

20.5%

44.5%

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FAMILY SIZE The average household sizes in Delhi is about 5 people per family.

This seems to be consistent for both rural and urban settings

[SOURCE: “DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIA.” DELHI.GOV. SEPT 2 2015. HTTP://WWW.DELHI.GOV.IN/WPS/ WCM/CONNECT/DOIT_PLANNING/PLANNING/ECONOMIC+SURVEY+OF+DEHLI/CONTENT/DEMOGRAPHIC+PROFILE ]

FAMILY SIZES

13% 50% 28% 9%

Urban setting Rural setting

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GENERAL LITERACY RATES The literacy rate in Delhi has been multiplied by 8 in eighty years going from 14.06% in 1931 to 86.34% in 2011. Although there remains a clear discreprancy in literacy among men and women in Delhi, the literacy rate of women has grown from 18% to 43% in 80 years.

[SOURCE: “DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF INDIA.” DELHI.GOV. SEPT 2 2015. HTTP://WWW.DELHI.GOV.IN/WPS/ WCM/CONNECT/DOIT_PLANNING/PLANNING/ECONOMIC+SURVEY+OF+DEHLI/CONTENT/DEMOGRAPHIC+PROFILE ]

LITERACY RATES

14.06%

1931

Men Women

56.61%

1971

86.34%

2011

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EDUCATION As India’s capital and largest city, Delhi is home to 8 universities and over 1000 primary and secondary schools. With the newly passed India’s Right to Education Act - promising free education to children ages 6 to 14 - more younger children are meant to attend and graduate school. However, with a dropout rate of __, a lack of basic necessities, and a radically inconsistant attendance rate, it is almost impossible to tell how many students are falling through the cracks.

[SOURCE: TSUJITA, YUKO. “DEPRIVATION OF EDUCATION: A STUDY OF SLUM CHILDREN IN DELHI, INDIA.” EDUCATION FOR ALL GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2009. 19 SEPT 2014.]

13.4% PEOPLE WHO NEVER ATTENDED SCHOOL 56.6% PEOPLE WHO AT ONE TIME ATTENDED SCHOOL 30.2% CURRENTLY ATTENDING SCHOOL

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DISTRICT DENSITY AND AREA By comparing the density of each district to the area of each district, it can be seen that the typically the higher the density the smaller the area of the district. The dotted rings on the diagram represent the density (multiply the numbers by 1000) per square kilometer.

The percentage of the circle each wedge covers represents the percentage of the total area of the city that particular district covers.

[SOURCE: DELHI STATISTICAL HANDBOOK. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2014.]

New Delhi Southwest District Northwest District

4

New Delhi

4

12 20 28 36 (x1000)

Southwest District

South District

Northwest District

North District

South District

West District

North District

East District

12 20 28 36 (x1000)

West District East District

Central District Northeast District

Central District Northeast District

4

4

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

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DENSITY AND POPULATION 10 DISTRICT A comparison of the density of each district to the percentage of the

total population that lives in each district shows that a high density does not directly correlate to a high percentage of the population living in that district. The dotted rings on the diagram represent the density (multiply the numbers by 1000) per square kilometer.

The percentage of the circle each wedge covers represents the percentage of the total population that lives in that particular district covers.

[SOURCE: DELHI STATISTICAL HANDBOOK. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2014.]

New Delhi

New Delhi Southwest District

Northwest District

Northwest District

South District

South District North District

4

12 20 28 36 (x1000)

Southwest 4 District 12 20 28 36 (x1000)

North District West District East District

West District East District

Central District Northeast District

Central District Northeast District

4

4

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

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EAST DISTRICT 11 NORTH Located in the north east corner of the city, this district is the most

densely developed. On average, the density is 36,000 people per square kilometer. It is the district with the fewest hospitals, and one of the districts with the fewest number of branches for the Delhi Public Library.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

School Library Hospital

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EAST LITERACY RATES 12 NORTH The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates. Although this district has the highest density its literacy rate gap dropped the most between 2001 and 2011.

[SOURCE: â&#x20AC;?EDUCATION.â&#x20AC;? IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013. ]

Northeast District

Northeast District

36

2011

36

36

36

2011

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Male

Female

New Delhi Southwest District Northwest District South District

2001

North District West District East District Central District Northeast District

36 28 20 12

4

4

12 20 28 36

2011

36 28 20 12

4

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DISTRICT 13 EAST The East District is the second densest district in the city. It covers

the largest section of the riverfront. There are five major hospitals and two branches of the Delhi Public Library. This is also the district with the lowest number of public green spaces. The average density for the district is around 27,000 people per square kilometer, and with a population around 1.7 million, the ratio for people to public facilities is around 550,000 to 1.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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DISTRICT LITERACY RATES 14 EAST The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates. This is the only district in the city which shows an increase in the literacy rate gender gap between 2001 and 2011.

[SOURCE: â&#x20AC;?EDUCATION.â&#x20AC;? IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

East District

East District

2011

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

2011

4

2001

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

12 20 28 36

Male

Female

2011

36 28 20 12

4

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DISTRICT 15 SOUTH The South District extends to the edge of the urban development

along the southern boundary of the city. This district has the largest area of public green space and the highest number of hospitals. The density of this district falls into the middle range with around 11,000 people per square kilometer. With a population around 2.7 million, this is a ratio of people to public facilities around 68,000 to 1.

[SOURCE: “Delhi Public Library.” Delhi Public Library. Accessed September 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “Elementary Education.” Delhi Government Portal. Accessed September 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: Hospitals in Delhi. Delhi: Airports Authority of India. ]

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DISTRICT LITERACY RATES 16 SOUTH The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates.

[SOURCE: ”EDUCATION.” IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

South District South District

2011

2011

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Male

Female

East District East District

2001 4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

2011

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WEST DISTRICT 17 SOUTH The South West District begins to incorporatsome of the area on the

edges of the city that consist of villages and agricultural land. This is the district with the second highest number of hospitals and green spaces. It is also the district with the second lowet density with only around 5,000 people per square kilometer.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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WEST LITERACY RATES 18 SOUTH The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates.

[SOURCE: ”EDUCATION.” IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013. ]

Southwest District Southwest District

36

2011

36

36

36

New Delhi Southwest District

2011 Northwest District

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Male

Female

South District North District West District

36 28 20 12

East District

4

4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

North District

Central District

North District

Northeast District

36

36

4

2001

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

2011

36 28 20 12

4

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DISTRICT 19 WEST The West District is one of only two districts that do not touch

the river directly, although there is a canal from the river that runs through the district. The amount of green space distributed throughout the district is minimal, but the municipally managed forest lies on the edge of the district towards the center of the city.

This district has the second highest number of branches to the Delhi Public Library. With a density of around 20,000 people per square kilometer and a population of 2.5 million, there is a small ratio of people to public facilities in this area.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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LITERACY RATES 20 WEST The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates.

[SOURCE: â&#x20AC;&#x153;EDUCATION.â&#x20AC;? IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

West District

West District

2011

36

4

12 20 28 36

36

4

12 20 28 36

36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

2011

36

Male

Female 36 28 20 12

4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

12 20 28 36

Northeast District

Northeast District

36

36 4

4

2001

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

2011

36 28 20 12

4

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DELHI DISTRICT 21 NEW The New Delhi area centralizes around Lutyen’s Plan. It is largely a

residential area, but with only a density of 4,000 people per square kilometer. It has seven hospitals and six branches of the Delhi Public Library. With a population of 142,000 people, the ratio of people to public facilities is around 10,000 to 1.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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DELHI LITERACY RATES 22 NEW The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates. The literacy rates in New Delhi are the highest rates in the city. This district also had one of the largest improvements from 2001 to 2011.

[SOURCE: â&#x20AC;&#x153;EDUCATION.â&#x20AC;? IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

Southwest District New Delhi Northwest District Southwest District South District Northwest District North District South District West District North District East District West District Central District East District Northeast District Central District

New Delhi

New Delhi

2011

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Male

Northeast District

2011

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

Female

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

South District

South District

4

2001 4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

12 20 28 36

4 4 121220 20 28 28 36 36

2011

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DISTRICT 23 CENTRAL The Central District is the third densest district in the city. The den-

sity is around 27,000 people per square kilometer. The population is 583,000. This district has a very small number of schools, but does have four branches of the Delhi Public Library and a close connection to the urban forest.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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LITERACY RATES 24 CENTRAL The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates. The Central District has the second highest density rate in the city as well as the second lowest literacy rates.

[SOURCE: â&#x20AC;&#x153;EDUCATION.â&#x20AC;? IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

Central District

Central District

New Delhi

36

2011 Southwest District

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Male

Northwest District 36

South District North District West District

36 28 20 12

4

4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

East District Central District Northeast District

36

36

2011

2001

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

12 20 28 36

Female 36 28 20 12

2011

36 28 20 12

4

4

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WEST DISTRICT 25 NORTH The North West District incorporates a large amount of the

agricultural space that rings the city core. The average density is around 8,000 people per square kilometer. Spatially the different public facilities are distant making it more difficult for those living in the outer villages to access them. The Delhi Pulic Library and the school system have stretched to reach the further extents of the district.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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WEST LITERACY RATES 26 NORTH The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates.

[SOURCE: “EDUCATION.” IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

4

12 20 28 36 (x1000)

Northwest District Northwest District

2011

36

36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Male

36 28 20 12 4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

36

2011

36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Female 36 28 20 12

4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

12 20 28 36

West District West District

36

4

2001

36 4

12 20 28 36

36 28 20 12

4

4

4

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

2011

36 28 20 12

4

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DISTRICT 27 NORTH The North District is in the center of the density spectrum of the

city with 15,000 people per square kilometer. The population of the district is around 890,000. The district stands in sharp contrast to the North East District right across the river. With under half the density and under half the population, the North District has double the number of hospitals and double the number of Delhi Public Library branches.

[SOURCE: “DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY.” DELHI PUBLIC LIBRARY. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: “ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.” DELHI GOVERNMENT PORTAL. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 14, 2015.]

[SOURCE: HOSPITALS IN DELHI. DELHI: AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA. ]

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LITERACY RATES 28 NORTH The first two graphics represent the literacy rates for male and

female in the district. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle that the colored ring covers represents the percentage of the population who is literate. The final graph shows the gender gap in literacy rates from 2001 and 2011. The dotted rings represent the population density of the district (x1000). The percentage of the circle the wedge covers represents the percentage gap between male and female literacy rates. The North District had the smallest change in the gender gap from 2001 to 2011 at only 1.1%.

[SOURCE: â&#x20AC;?EDUCATION.â&#x20AC;? IN DELHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT, 74-91. DELHI: GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI, 2013.]

North District

36

2011

36

36 28 20 12 4

4

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

Male

12 20 28 36

12 20 28 36

North District

36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

2011

36

36 28 20 12 4

4

Female

12 20 28 36

Central District

36

36

2001 4

36 28 20 12

4

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

4

12 20 28 36

Central District

12 20 28 36

2011

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TOWNS 29 CENSUS “This urban classification, which exists on census paper only, helps

differentiate between India’s smaller farming communities and the larger market town-type settlements that are experiencing rapid and haphazard growth. To become a census town, a village must fulfill three criteria: it needs at least 5,000 inhabitants,m a density of 400 people per sq km, and, crucially, at least three quarters of its male working population must be ‘engaged in non-agricultural pursuits’.”

[SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.LIVEMINT.COM/POLITICS/HQZCUY1MEBIQ2AEAS9DAZO/NEW-CENSUS-TOWNSSHOWCASE-NEW-INDIA.HTML]

Proportion of all India population (%)

Estimated 2011 population (in millions)

100%

112

60%

200

537 20%

51

19

61

19

71

19

81

19

91

19

01

20

11

20

Medium and small villages

40%

Other Large urban villages centers

80%

Class I cities

265

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TO THE YAMUNA RIVER 30 ACCESS The Yamuna River used to be the biggest source of water for the city

of Delhi until it became the most polluted river. In certain portions of the city, the river is completely blocked off from the public by infrastructures and barrages and even public transportation who does not bring people didrectly to the river.

[SOURCE: RE-CENTERING DELHI: FROM THE RED FORT TO HUMAYUNâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TOMB- UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA RESEARCH STUDIO // FALL 2014] [SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH. SEPT 8 2015. GOOGLE 2015.]

SUBSTATION INDUSTRIAL SITE

CULTIVATION

MARSHLAND

BUS STATION

PUBLIC PARK EMBANKMENTS BARRIER GATES BUS STATIONS

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TO THE THE YAMUNA 31 ACCESS In many places, the Yamuna is surrounded by shantytowns and high

density hosuing. Although access to the river is very difficult because of the barrages and surrounding infrastructure, people use the polluted water from the river to cultivate in the floodplains or as a daily commodity which is very dangerous for their health.

[SOURCE: RE-CENTERING DELHI: FROM THE RED FORT TO HUMAYUNâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S TOMB- UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA RESEARCH STUDIO // FALL 2014] [SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH. SEPT 8 2015. GOOGLE 2015.]

SUBSTATION INDUSTRIAL SITE

CULTIVATION

HOUSING

SLUMS

CULTURAL SPACE WORSHIP / TOURISTIC TRAIN TRACKS EMBANKMENTS BARRIER BUS STATIONS

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POPULATION DENSITY (PER SQ KM) 32 DELHI Northeast 29,397 Central East West North South Northwest New Delhi Southwest

25,759 22,638 16,431 13,019 9,034 6,452 4,909 4,166

[SOURCE: “DELHI DISTRICTS: POPULATION & POPULATION DENSITY.” DEMOGRAPHIA. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 2, 2015. <HTTP://WWW.DEMOGRAPHIA.COM/DB-DELHIDISTR.HTM>]

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WATER DISTRIBUTION 33 UNEQUAL Comparing population density with piped, potable water access

presents a schocking image of inequality: while all areas should have access that amounts to 179 LPCD (liters per capita daily), access ranges from just 29 LPCD in the Mehrauli zone to a high of 509 LPCD in the privileged residential zone of Delhi Cantonment. Areas of the highest density and lowest income have the least access to usable water.

[SOURCE: “EXCRETA MATTERS: INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS.” CSE INDIA. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 2, 2015. <HTTP://WWW.CSEINDIA.ORG/USERFILES/DELHI_20130314.PDF ]

509 LPCD

29 LPCD

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CONTROL AND INACCESSABILITY 34 WATER Because of corruption, class distinction, and overall inefficiency,

5% of the population controls 70% of the piped, potable water, leaving the rest of the 95% of people to attempt to gain access to only 30%. About 45% of the population has no access to a sewage system.Even further, after the water loss from these pipes, 95% of the population is only able to access about 13.8% of the water that would meet their needs.

[SOURCE: “EXCRETA MATTERS: INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS.” CSE INDIA. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 2, 2015. <HTTP://WWW.CSEINDIA.ORG/USERFILES/DELHI_20130314.PDF ]

gnorts noillim-61 eht sevres )BJD( draoB laJ ihleD eht ,yltneserP“ tI .snoitcennoc retaw hkal 51.71 hguorht latipac eht fo noitalupop noitaroproC lapicinuM ihleD weN eht ot klub ni retaw seilppus era hcihw fo htob ,)BCD( draoB tnemnotnaC ihleD eht dna )CMDN( eht ni noitubirtsiD .saera rieht nihtiw noitubirtsid rof elbisnopser fo ytilibisnopser eht si aera )DCM( ihleD fo noitaroproC lapicinuM ”.BJD eht

DNAMED

5% POPULATION

95% POPULATION

DEMAND

3973 MILLION LPD

DEMAND

70% WATER

30% WATER

SUPPLY

3973 MILLION LPD (95%)

AVAILABLE SUPPLY 95%

SUPPLY AFTER WATER LEAKAGE LOSS

3973 MILLION LPD (46%)

SUPPLY AFTER LEAKAGE LOSS 46%

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PRIVATIZATION OF WATER 35 THE Unable to obtain safe water from the government-sanctioned pipe

system, many households and businesses turn to privatized tank companies that often charge outrageous prices and neglect to adequately process their water. An average family could end up spending about 9% of their annual income on simply purchasing water - something that should be freely acessible in the first place.

[SOURCE: “WATER WOES, AND ‘TANKER MAFIA,’ IN THE INDIAN CAPITAL.” INDIA WEST. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 4, 2015. <HTTP://WWW.INDIAWEST.COM/BLOGS/WATER-WOES-AND-TANKER-MAFIA-IN-THE-INDIANCAPITAL/ARTICLE_B3797F90-37FF-11E4-BB79-001A4BCF887A.HTML>] [SOURCE: “EXCRETA MATTERS: INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS.” CSE INDIA. ACCESSED SEPTEMBER 2, 2015. <HTTP://WWW.CSEINDIA.ORG/USERFILES/DELHI_20130314.PDF ]

SUPPLY AFTER LEAKAGE LOSS 46%

18,000 INR PER YEAR

AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME 200,000 INR

9% ANNUAL INCOME TOWARDS BUYING WATER