Information About The National Company Law Tribunal

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Information About The National Company Law Tribunal

TheHighCourtestablishedtheNationalCompanyLawTribunal(NCLT),aquasijudicialentity,todealwiththerulesgoverningIndiancorporations.Duetoa numberofdeveloperdefaults&bankruptcyproceduresintherealestateindustry,it hasbecomeevenmorepertinent.

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TheIndianrealestatemarkethasenduredturbulenttimesrecently.Hundredsof developersfiledforbankruptcyandwerefoundinsolventunderthe2016 InsolvencyandBankruptcyCode(IBC)intheaftermathoftheNon-Banking FinancialCompanies(NBFC)crisis.Asaresult,theiratehomebuyersapproached theNationalCompanyLawTribunal(NCLT)andRealEstateRegulatoryAuthority (RERA)practicallysimultaneously.Thecircumstancesmakeitnecessarytohaveindepthknowledgeofthissignificantauthority.

What exactly is NCLT?

TheNationalCompanyLawTribunalwasestablishedbyTheCompaniesActof2013 asaquasi-judicialauthority.AccordingtoArticle245oftheIndianConstitution,this bodywasestablishedontheVBalakrishnaEradiCommittee'srecommendationson June1,2016.ThisbodywasestablishedtodecideondisputesinvolvingIndian businesses.

Where is the NCLT located?

TheNCLTnowhas16Benches(includingthePrincipalBenchinNewDelhi)after theannouncementoffivenewBenchesinJaipur,Cuttack,Kochi,Indore,and Amaravati.TheNationalCompanyLawAppellateTribunal(NCLAT)isagroupof fivecourts,fourofwhichareinthePrincipalBenchinNewDelhiandoneofwhichis locatedatNCLATinChennai.ItissignificanttorememberthattheInsolvency &BankruptcyCode,2016,designatesNCLTastheadjudicatingbodyforthe insolvencyresolutionprocedureforcorporationsandlimitedliabilitypartnerships. WhiletheNCLAT'sfunctionistohearappealsagainsttheTribunal'srulings.

What is the NCLT's organizational structure?

AjudgewhoiseithercurrentlysittingonaHighCourtorhasrecentlyretiredserves astheheadofNCLT.Additionally,thereisatechnicalmemberwhoalsohappensto beanICLS(IndianCorporateLawService)member.

What roles does NCLT play?

 AccordingtotheInsolvency&BankruptcyCode,2016NCLTisthe adjudicatingbodyfortheinsolvencyresolutionprocedureforbusinesses& LimitedLiabilityPartnerships(LLPs).

 The2013CompaniesActservesasNCLT'sdirection.Theauthorityhasthe authoritytodecidetheproceedingsinaccordancewiththeCompaniesAct.

 InitiatedunderthepreviousAct(CompaniesAct1956)beforetheCompany LawBoard(CLB)

 Currentlybeingheardbythe"BoardofIndustrial&Financial Reconstruction."TheSickIndustrialCompanies(SpecialProvisions)Actof 1985casesthatarestillunresolvedareincluded.

 TheIndustrial&FinancialReconstructionAppellateAuthorityisnowhearing thecase.

 TousealltheauthoritygrantedbytheCompaniesActof2013,suchasthe allegationsofoppression,corporatemismanagement,andwindingup (companyclosure).

What is the purview of NCLT?

Nocriminalcourtwillhavetheauthoritytohearanycasesinvolvingmattersthat theTribunalorAppellateTribunalisauthorisedbytheActtodecide.Furthermore, noactiontakenbytheTribunalorAppellateTribunalinaccordancewiththeAct willbesubjecttoaninjunctionissuedbyanycourt.

Where is an appeal against the NCLT's ruling filed?

ApetitionforreviewofNCLTdecisionsmaybesubmittedtotheNationalCompany LawAppellateTribunal(NCLAT).TheCompaniesActof2013alsoestablishedthis authoritytohearappealsagainstNCLTrulings.Additionally,itservesasaforumfor reviewingappealsofdecisionsmadebytheInsolvency&BankruptcyBoardofIndia (IBBI).IfoneisdissatisfiedwiththeNCLAT'sruling,theymayappealtotheIndian SupremeCourt.

Which agency should a dispute be brought to?

Theappropriateauthoritytocontactintheeventofadisagreementwithareal estatedeveloperhasbeenunclear.Thefactthattherearenumerousorganizations, liketheRealEstateRegulatoryAuthority(RERA),ConsumerCourt,&National CompanyLawTribunal(NCLT),availabletorepresentthewrongedhomeowners hasmadethingsalittlemorecomplicated.

BoththeNCLTandtheRERAareintendedtoassistdispleasedhomebuyers.But despitemanyobstacles,therehasn'tbeenmuchthatcanbedonetohelpillfirmsget better,whichhasledtothegrowthofcases.Althoughthesystemisbeinggreatly improvedbyNCLTandRERA,muchmorehastobedone.Thegovernmentwoulddo welltoinformthepopulaceabouttheappropriatecourseofactiontotakeincaseof conflictsthroughoutreachprogrammesandawarenesscampaigns.However,there isaneedtoupgradethefacilitiesatsuchTribunals,addmorebenches,and disciplinejudges,allofwhichwillhelptoresolveconflictsquicklyandeffectively.

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