India's Standard Land Measuring Units
Square yard
Asquareyardismadeupof9sqft,makingitlargerthanasqft.Theunitsarefrequently usedtomeasurelandallthroughouttheworld,particularlyinresidentialrealestate.When determiningcircleratesinanumberofIndianstates,localgovernmentsusesquareyardas thebenchmarkvalue(inRspersqyard).Forinstance,thestategovernmentofHaryana setslandpricesinmetropolitanareasatonerupeepersquareyard.
Acre
Theacreisoneoftheearliestunitsusedtomeasurelargeareasoflandandhasgone throughmanyvariationsthroughouttheyears.BoththeimperialandUSsystemsof measurementusethemodernacre,whichisequalto4,840squareyards,43,560square feet,4,047squaremetres,&0.4047hectares.Anacreisalsoknownasonefurlongbyfour rods.
Asingleacremeasures43,560squarefeet.
Square metre (sq mt)
Asquaremetre,consistingof10.76squarefeet,isanothertypicallandmeasurementunit usedinIndia.Thesquaremetre,commonlyknownassqmorM2,isaunitofarea measurementequaltoasquarewithasidelengthofonemetre.Accordingtothat assessment,theparkingspaceneededforatypicalcarwouldrequirealmost12square metres.
Thesearenotusedwhenmeasuringlengthordistanceinonedirectionbecausethesquare metreisaunitthatmeasuresarea.
Hectare
Themetricunitknownasthehectare,abbreviatedha,isfrequentlyusedtomeasureland orplotsallthroughouttheworld.TheLatinwordsarea&hectwerecombinedtoformthe wordhectare,whichwasfirstusedin1795.Theareaofahectareis1,07,639squarefeet.
Onecancompareahectaretoafootballfieldtogetasenseoftheareacovered.Itisabout thesizeofafieldofsoccerinEurope.
What distinguishes Square Metre (sqm) from Hectare?
Themetricsystem'sunitofareaisthehectar.Itis10,000squaremetresinsize.Inboththe BritishImperialSystem&theUSCustomarymeasure,itisequivalentto2.471acres.The LatinwordareaandtheirregularcontractionoftheGreekwordforhundred,hect,arethe sourcesofthewordhectare.TheInternationalSystemofUnitsusesthesquaremetreasits unitofarea(SI).Itisthesurfaceareaofasquarewithone-metersides.
East India uses metric systems for measuring land
Unit States where it is used
Chatak WestBengal
Dhur UP,Bihar,Jharkhand,Tripura Lecha Assam Katta Assam,Bengal,Bihar
Dhur
ItisprimarilyutilisedinWestBengal,UttarPradesh,Bihar,Jharkhand,andTripura. Dependingonthecontext,dhurcanrefertoavarietyofsizes.Itislargerthan68square feetinBihar.Itmeasures3.6squarefeetinTripura.DhurisalsofrequentlyusedinNepal. Dhurisusedinthefollowingstates:UP,Bihar,Jharkhand,andTripura.
Chatak
InadditiontobeingwidelyutilisedintheeasternIndianstateofWestBengal,chatakisalso widelyusedforlandmeasurementinBangladesh,aneighbouringcountry.Inadditionto chatak,WestBengalalsomakesextensiveuseofKathaforareameasuring.45squarefeet areequivalenttoonechatak. WestBengalisoneofthestatesthatuseChatak.
Kattha
Thevaluesofkattha(orkatha),whichrangefrom600to2,800squarefeet,arelikewise diverse.Theunitis719squarefeetlargerthanatypicalsquarefoot.Localsinseveral northernandeasternstatescontinuetousetheterm"katha"asaunittorefertolandarea,
despitethefactthatitsusehasdeclinedsincethemid-20thcentury,whenthemetric systemofmeasurementbecamemorewidelyusedinIndia.Assam,Bihar,Jharkhand,and WestBengalarestateswheretheunitisstilloccasionallyused.Thisunit,whichisnot standardized,denotesvariedsizesoflandinthesestates.InadditiontoIndia,Bangladesh andNepalalsousethekathaasaunitoflandmeasurement.Theterm"katha"alsorefersto severaltypesoflandinthesenations.
Katthaisusedinthefollowingstates:Assam,Bengal,Bihar,andMP.
Lecha
ALechais144squarefeet.
StatesthatemploylechaincludeAssam.
North Indian units for measuring land
Unit States where it is used
Sarsai Punjab,Haryana,HimachalPradesh
Ghumao HimachalPradesh,Haryana,Punjab
Marla Punjab,Haryana
Bigha Assam,Bihar,Gujarat,HimachalPradesh, MadhyaPradesh,Rajasthan,UP,West Bengal
Killa PunjabandHaryana
Biswa UP,Punjab,Haryana,Uttarakhandand HimachalPradesh
Kanal Haryana,HimachalPradesh,Jammu& Kashmir,Punjab. Gaj Delhi,PunjabandHaryana
Bigha
Differentsquarefeetaredenotedbythisunit,whichisusedinseveralstates,dependingon thestate.ThevalueoftheBighaunitvariesfromstatetostateanddoesnothavea standardvalue,asseeninthechartbelow:
State 1 Bigha in sq ft Gujarat 17,424 MadhyaPradesh 12,000
Bihar 27,220
WestBengal 14,400
HimachalPradesh 8,712
Assam 14,400
UP 27,000 Rajasthan 27,255
Bighaisnotusedeverywhereinthesouthernregionofthecountry,wheremore regionalizedlandmeasurementunitsareprominent,despiteitswidespreadappeal.To learnhowmuch1acreinBighaisandhowmuch1bighaisinsquarefeet,readourguideto Bigha.
Biswa
Abiswaisactuallyabigha'stwenty-firstcomponent.However,theresultcontinuestovary whentakingintoaccounttheparticularregionofthestatewherethemeasurementisbeing used.Forinstance,intheeasternregionofUttarPradesh,20biswasequals1puccabigha, and10biswasequals1kuchabigha.Onebiswacancoveranywherebetween50and150 squareyards,dependingonthestatewhereitisutilised.In20biswas,thereare27,225 squarefeet.Onebiswais1,350squarefeet.
UP,Punjab,Haryana,Uttarakhand,andHimachalPradesharethestatesthatuseBiswa.
Gaj
InthenorthernregionofIndia,aGajisa9squarefootstructurethatisquitepopular.Gaj waspreviouslyusedinnumerousdifferentregionsoftheAsiancontinent,thoughitsuseis nowprimarilyrestrictedtothenorthernstatesofIndia.DuringtheMughal&Britisherasin India,thetermwasalsousedtomeasuretextiles.
Gajisusedinthefollowingstates:Delhi,Punjab,andHaryana.
Killa
Killaisequivalentto1acreandhashistoricallybeenusedasaunitofmeasurementfor farmlandinPakistanandIndia.Whencalculatingakilla'srectangularmeasurement, multiply220feetby198feet.ThesizeofaKillais43,560squarefeet.5bighaor8kanaals arelikewiseequivalenttoonekilla.
Killaisusedinthefollowingstates:PunjabandHaryana
Kanal
KanalisanotherunitthatisfrequentlyusedinruralareasofJammuandKashmir,Haryana, Punjab,andHimachalPradesh,aswellasinsomeportionsofIndiaandPakistan.Kanalsare equalto5,445squarefeet.Additionally,itequatestoatenthofanacre.
Haryana,HimachalPradesh,Jammu&Kashmir,andPunjabarethestateswherekanalis utilised.
Ghumao
AGhumaoisalsoreferredtoastheacre'sequivalentandhasasquarefootageof43,560.
Ghumaoisusedinthefollowingstates:Punjab,Haryana,andHimachalPradesh.
Marla
TheMarlaisoneofthefrequentlyusedlandmeasurementunitsontheIndian subcontinent.ThemostcommonuseoftheunitisinthenorthernstatesofPunjab& Haryana,butitisnotaswidespreadasotherregionalunitslikebighaorgajorglobalunits likeacreorhectare.Amarlais272.25squarefeet.
Marlaisusedinthefollowingstates:PunjabandHaryana.
Sarsai
Asarsaiis30.25squarefeet.
Punjab,Haryana,andHimachalPradesharethestateswheresarsaiispracticed.
South India uses many types of land measurements.
Unit States where it is used Kuncham AndhraPradesh Cent TamilNadu,Kerala,Karnataka
Ground PartsofTamilNadu
Ankanam AndhraPradeshandKarnataka Guntha AndhraPradeshandKarnataka
Guntha
Agunthais1,089squarefeet.
GunthaisusedinthestatesofMaharashtra,Karnataka,andAndhraPradesh.
Ankanam
Anankanamis72squarefeet.
AnkanamisusedinthestatesofAndhraPradesh&Karnataka.
Kuncham
Akunchamis4,356squarefeet.
Kunchamisusedinthefollowingstates:AndhraPradesh.
Ground
TheareaofGroundAis2,400squarefeet.
Thefollowingstatesuseground:TamilNadu.
Cent
435.6squarefeetmakeuponepenny.
Karnataka,Kerala,andTamilNaduarethestateswherecentisemployed.