Xintian Chen Environmental Building Systems 2020 SEM2

LANEWAY

WINTER WIND

PV PANELS ‘SunPower Maxeon 2’(360W) solar panel is used on the top to the roof. It is the most efficient PV panel that guarantees of 92% capacity retained after 25 years of use. It works based on monocrystalline N-type IBC is, which is the most high-tech PV cell types with 20.4% maximum efficiency. Furthermore, it has a relatively low power rating of 360W, which is affordable and suits for residential building. PV panels are placed in the north to absorb more solar energy directly.

Cool Roof

Winter Solstace: 28.5°

https://www.solargain.com.au/sites/default/files/max2-360-350-340-au_0.pdf

SINGLE STOREY BRICK UNITS

CALCULATION Average electricity use per day for 4 residents household in Melbourne is around 19.2 kWh. Solar energy required = 19.2/5.41(avg sunlight per day) =3600W Number of PV panel = 3600/360 =10 solar panels

CLIENT PORFILE Two young professional parents with two young children planning to live in the inner northern city. Mr Carlton works 9-5 in the city, which only stays in the house at night time. Mrs Carlton is a freelance graphic designer that occupant the house whole day, whilst also caring for kids.

Hence, the living room is a major focus when designing systems. The safety issue is necessary to be considered as well due to young kids.

Additionally, Mrs Carlton wants a working place that enables her to become more productive and multiple working areas is considerable.

Furthermore, The Carltons wants their home to be efficiency, and prefer to stay away from hydronic slab heating due to previously bad using experience. Renewable energy is considered that not only reduce the bill but also educate on kids about the environment.

PERGOLA

Summer Solstace: 28.5°

POOL

Green Roof Children Playground

ORIENTATION The living room of the house facing the north to receive more solar energy during the day.

Mrs Carlton and kids spend roughly 12 hours in the living room to work, play and cook.

Thus, it is important to increase the among of sunlight goes into the living room. Moreover, place bedrooms in the south provide a more comfortable sleeping environment.

https://coastalsolar.com/many-solar-panels-will-need/

COOL ROOF Cool roof with highly reflective material is installed to improve energy efficiency.

The temperature of the roof decreased to extend roof life, reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment(urban heat island effect) and reduce carbon footprint.

The cool roof is used for the north roof to reflect more solar energy.

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/design/energy-efficient-home-design/ cool-roofs

Outdoor Working Area

LANDSCAPE USE The house is placed in the north to shade by the deciduous tree located at the northwest.

A playground near the house to ensure children are safe. The outdoor working area for Mrs Carlton provide more working place opportunity at home. The position of the working area enables she takes care of her children. The gardening area is used to improve the ecological environment of the site.

PARK

SUMMER

WINDROSE In winter, cold wind mainly come from north. There are hot wind from north in summer morning and from south in afternoon.

Thus, vegetation in both direction to block wind.

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/ averages/wind/selection_map.shtml

Gardening Area Car

WINTER

Washing Area

CLIMATE Melbourne is in climate zone 6 with mild temperate. It has four distinct seasons and high day-night temperature range inland, which enhance the efficiency of thermal mass. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086071.shtml

GREEN ROOF A green roof saves energy by absorbing heat and operates as natural insulation. It also helps to reduce the urban heat island effect by decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Another advantage of the it is the ability to manage the stormwater. 42% runoff stormwater on the roof can be reduced by 100mm of soil. Furthermore, the green roof helps PV panels to generate 15% more energy than on the conventional roof. Install green can reduce the local temperature by 3.6–11.3°C as well, the hotter the climate, the more efficient effect perform by the green roof.

https://sustainability.ncsu.edu/blog/changeyourstate/4-reasons-green-roofs-do-a-building-good/

SUMMER WIND

STREET

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 11/09/2020 SITE PLAN

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:200 @ A3

SUN PATH Melbourne is in climate zone 6 with mild temperate. It has four distinct seasons and high day-night temperature range inland, which enhance the efficiency of thermal mass.

N

LEGEND

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

1

Deciduous tree

Rain water

Electric

Sewer line

Gas meter

Side entry pit

PV panel

Shrubs

Storm water

Telecom

Water line

Water meter

Juction pit

Lawn

Sewer vent

Main water

Site boundary

Gas line

Sewer pit

Legal point of discharge

Working

Downpipe

Sewerage

Electric meter

Power line

Telecom pit

Roof evaporative cooler

Playground

Water tank

Sewer vent

Premises connection device

Stormwater line

Electric pole

Hot water system

Summer Solstice(75.5°)

Equinox (52°) Winter Solstice (28.5°)

N

Position of the sun at midday

45% of H Summer Sun

Winter Sun

30% of H

H

Summer Sun

Living Area

SUN ANGLE CALCULATE The latitiude of Melbourne inner northern suburb at midday is 37.726°, which approximately equal to 38° EQUINOX = 90° - 38° = 52° SUMMER SOLSTIC = Equinox + 23.5 = 75.5° WINTER SOLSTIC = Equinox - 23.5 = 28.5°

THERMAL MASS To avoid overheating issue, area of north glazing should be 16% of floor area (6650*8000*0.16=8512000). The height of the north side window is 2000, which means the width of the window should not excess 4256. Since Melbourne is in climate zone 6, where have a high day-night temperature range in the inland. Earth coupling(greater thermal mass is generated because slab contact with the ground directly) is constructed for living room by using the slab-on-ground method.

Greater thermal mass is efficiency in store heat from the sun in the day and releases it in the night.

Vapour Barrier

UPWARD RAKED EAVE Upward raked eaves is placed at north face to allow full winter solar access and shade larger areas in summer. Upward raked eave is used because melbourne is in climate zone 6, where temperature exceed human comfort range in summer and winter.

For winter sun access, angle of the upward roof equal to the angle of winter sun at midday.

Stack Ventilation causes warm air to rise and cool air falls. Upward raked eave produced convectional air movement to cooling the building.

Slab Slab Mesh

ENSUIT

FAN A ceiling fan can produce air movement of the whole house during a still period. The fan should be installed in the centre of two south bedrooms and living room to enhance ventilation.

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

PERGOLA

LAUNDRY

HALLWAY

POOL

Winter Sun

Living Area

Summer Sun Winter Sun

Spacing(S)

Width(W)

LOUVRES DOOR Louvers door is used to access to the garden.

Louvre door installed at the west side enables up to 95% open to the breeze. It helps to control airspeed and vary air movement, which results well in ventilation. In summer, adjust the direction of louvres can cooler the upper room air. Stack ventilation cool down the whole house due to cold breeze goes down.

Single Sided Ventilation

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

Thermal mass performance in winter

CASEMENT WINDOW WITH SHUTTERS Casement windows in used for deflect and catch breezes from varying angles.

Ventilation form in the house by casement windows.

Plantation Shutters can be custom-built to match casement window. Moreover, it can not only used as shading but also control the direction of air.

LIVING ROOM

PERGOLA ATTACHED TO HOUSE Pergola is used to shades the western side of the house. It blocks summer sun but admits low angle sun warm the house in winter.

Some seasonal vegetation and deciduous tree are placed on the pergola or near the house to provide seasonal shading.

Heat Released

SECURITY FLYSCREEN DOOR (DOUBLE DOOR) Flyscreen door is an external door to enable living room ventilation in summer. The inner timber door closed in winter to prevents heat lost. Flyscreen can not only create ventilation but also avoid house damaged by the insect.

Double door increase safety as well

Ground

BEDROOM 1

Heat Stored

Single Sided Ventilation

FINS ON THE WINDOW Two south bedrooms result in a weak cross-ventilation due to no opposite position windows. Therefore, Fins are placed on the windward side of the window. The positive and negative pressure creates by fins can draw breezes through the room.

Fins outside windows

TUBULAR SKYLIGHTS (SOLATUBE DAYLIGHT SYSTEMS) Use solatube daylighting system to reduce carbon footprint and energy bill, which make the house efficiency and sustainable. Tubular skylight capture direct-beam sunlight. Then transmits it to a highly reflective light and diffuse at ceiling level.

Louvres angle equal to mid winter sun angle

SOUTH VEGETATION AND POOL From the site analysis, summer wind comes from the south in Melbourne. Hence, it is imperative to have a windbreak on the south side of the house.

Dense shrubs work as a wall to keep out the wind. Vegetation also helps to cool down the south wind and reduce noise from the main street.

Furthermore, a water feature such as pool pre-cooling air entering the house. It can create convective breezes and increase evaporation rates as well. As Mr and Mrs Carlton have two young kids, the pool can be also used as a playground for children.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 03/09/2020 PASSIVE THERMAL (VENTILATION/SOLAR)

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

N

LEGEND

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

RESOURCE

Deciduous Tree

Warm Air

Shrubs

Cold Air

Ventilation Path

Sun Path Skylight

2

https://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/ https://solatube.com.au/skylights/tubular-skylights/ https://www.kravelv.com/what-are-the-features-and-benefits-of-aluminum-fly-screen-doors/ https://www.fremantledoor.com/louvre-windows-popular-warm-climates/ https://www.pergolagazebos.com https://www.trendwindows.com.au/wrcLouvres.html https://www.airtasker.com/blog/alfresco-ideas/ https://www.lightsonline.com/hunter-prestige-key-biscayne-54-outdoor-ceiling-fan-in-zinc

Cladding Insulated wall frame 0.55mm sheet stainless steel weathering and protecttion cover

Floor slab

Slab edge insulation

Sub-slab insulation Slab footing beam

W09

W08

LIVING ROOM

D02

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

W07

FLOORING DETAILS • Concrete - concrete flooring using in the living room and the hallway due to its high thermal mass helps to store heat during the day. Additionally, concrete is a durable material that easy to care for.

• Tiles - tiles is used in bathroom and laundry due to its Water Resistant properties.

Tile flooring is a cost-effective durable material with low maintenance as well.

This material strongly matches the client’s brief.

• Carpet - Carpet is installed in bedrooms to keep the room warm and reduce noise, which provides the client with a comfortable rest environment.

D01

Termiticide vapour barrier continuous over slab edge and under wall

2300

Ground

3700

Integral edge beam

ROOF Trapezoidal metal sheeting is used on the top of the roof. The metal roof is an advantage in its longevity and durability that can last 40-70 years and no periodic costly maintenance need. It is also energy efficiency that reduces cooling costs to 10-25% by reflecting solar radiant back. Trapezoidal shape together with the sloping roof enables the client to collect stormwater, which makes the house water efficiency.

The sarking is placed under the roof sheeting and rafter to reflect nonessential solar heat and balance the temperature difference of the house.

Furthermore, Solatube daylighting system is installed in the roof as well. Natural light makes the house electric efficiency and sustainable, which matched the brief of client.

ROOF(STACK) VENTILATION The roof is designed to enable moisture and 6650 4550 hot air evacuated out of the roof space.

W01

FLOOR Slab-on-ground is constructed due to its high thermal mass and ground-coupled ability.

Floor Insulation In a cold winter climate zone such as Melbourne, It is necessary to placed insulations underneath slabs to decrease the amount of heat needed to achieve human comfortable temperatures. The insulation material should achieve a minimum R-value of 1.0 (R2.0 is used in this house) Furthermore, It is beneficial to install slab edge insulation as well. Insulating the edges of the floor slab is not only prevent heat loss of the floor, but also reduces termite risk.

8000

Concrete floor

WINDOW SCHEDULE CW DG

CW DG

CW DG

CW DG

DG AW

KITCHEN/DINGING

CW DG

BETHROOM

DG AW

LVR

W02

W08 W09 Louvre window 500(W)*2000(H)

LAUNDRY

HALLWAY 7650

W03 W06 W07 Awning window 850(W)*600(H)

W06

W02 W04 W05 Casement window 850(W)*1500(H)

W03

W01 Casement window 4000(W)*2000(H)

DOOR SCHEDULE SD

DG

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

W05

D02 Sliding Door 2000(W)*2100(H)

LVR

W04

D01 Double Door 850(W)*2100(H)

LVR

5650

DD

Detail of double glazing windows

DOUBLE GLAZING WINDOW & DOOR High density Argon gas is filled between double glazing windows to achieve a higher insulation level and lower conductivity than air. Double glazed windows reflect heat from the room back and enable heat from the sun passes through External cladding into the room. It also reduces condensation indoor due to similar temperature difference between the internal panel and the room.

The frame of the window is timber, which is energy-efficient and aesthetic. Timber Waterproofing wrap is an insulation material as well to reduce heat loss and noise level. Furthermore, Insulation timber has relatively the smallest coefficient of expansion than other materials used in window framing, which enables timber windows stable and immobile. Moreover, the U-vale and SHGC of windows and doors are 2.0 and 0.31 respectively.

3600

6000

Brick wall Air gap Internal plastic board

WALL - REVERSE BRICK VENEER Reverse brick veneer is used for external wall construction, which advantage in its thermodynamic performance. Brickwork balances the temperature of internal while the external lining prevents moisture damage to the house. Reversed bricks lead a better thermal performance to compare with the regular brick veneer.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 04/09/2020 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

N

1600

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

LEGEND

RESOURCE

WXX Window

Warm Air

DXX Door

Cold Air

CW DG AW LVR DD SD

3

Casement Window Double Glazing Awning Window Louvres Window Double door Sliding Door

Sun Path Roller shutter Adjustable Louvres Reverse Brick Wall Strawbale Wall Interal Wall

Ridge Vent Solar fan powered outlet vent

Static Inlet Vents

SEALING THE HOUSE Silicone sealants and draught-proofing strips with caulking gun should be used to seal any gaps in the house. Sealing is the most important process to prevent unnecessary heat loss. It also enhances the energy efficiency rate of the house.

WALL & CEILING - EARTHWOOL INSULATION BATTS Earthwool is installed for wall and ceiling insulation with R-value 3.5 and 5 respectively.

Earthwool is advantage in its compressed volume and cheap price, which is cost more efficient and easier to handle than pink batts. Additionally, It’s also an odourless insulation material that creates a livable environment.

STRAWBALE Due to its low thermal mass, strawbale is used for external wall except for the living room. It is the most cost-effective thermal insulation material with excellent fire resistance performance. High R-value enables strawbale wall to reduce heat loss and sound level in the house. Furthermore, the densely-packed straw prevents the house damaged by vermin as well.

Strawbale is finished by cement render and external weatherboard.

WALL - BEVEL-BACK WEATHERBOARD Bevel-back weatherboard is used for external cladding due to its sustainability, high maintenance and low embodied energy. Air can penetrate through the laps and circulate within the back voids of the boards. Moisture can drain down and dried by the circulating air as well.

https://www.ptcondo.com/double-pane-window-presentation/ https://buildersshow.caboodleai.net/en/article/156748/houses-by-design-the-case-for-straw-bale https://emedia.rmit.edu.au/dlsweb/Toolbox/buildright/content/bcgbc4010a/10_floor_systems/01_concrete_slab_general/ page_001.htm https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/You-and-your-home/Save-energy/Draught-proofing/Seal-gaps-around-walls-and-floors https://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/insulation-installation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju6CEEhTq_Y

https://reductionrevolution.com.au/products/philips-master-ledmr16-7-watt

DOWNLIGHT Downlight is used to illuminate a specific space such as bathroom and landuary. The smaller beam angle of downlight result in smaller illuminate area and brighter the surface illuminated. Thus, smaller beam angle of downlight is installed due to the area of bathroom is quite small. Downlight usually placed on the edge of the ceiling.

https://www.ebay.com.au/itm/Safety-Power-PointCover-Child-Baby-Proof-Electric-Outlet-Wall-SocketPlugs-/263669361469

POWER POINT Cover low position power point to make it safer for young children to live.

WALL LIGHTS To light the room properly, wall lights are installed as a supplementary light for living room and cloakroom of the bedroom. There are wall lights installed on the external wall to light up the pergola and the pool as well.

It increases safety when children playing in this area at night. https://www.creativelightingsolutions.com.au/exterior/wall-lights/ oblong-5w-led-wall-light/p/372

https://www.amazon.com.au/Philips-Hue-ambiance-CompatibleAssistant/dp/B06ZZQ8MJM

GENERAL CEILING LED LIGHT The LED ceiling lamp is installed in the dining room as a fundamental light source. Minimise the light shade to increase efficiency and allow more light to deliver to the room. The light can be turned off by two switches, one near the entrance and another one near the door to save energy.

https://bondilights.com.au/product/led-strip-4-8w-low-power/

https://shopee.com.my/E27-LED-Light-Bulb-5W7W-9W-12W-15W-18W-Warm-Light-Cool-Daylight

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

BETHROOM

PERGOLA

LAUNDRY

HALLWAY

POOL

BEDROOM 2

LIGHTING COLOUR Warm colour vs. Cool colour In sensory, warm colour makes people feel more cosy than cool colour.

Thus, warm colour lighting should be installed in living room and bedromms.

The cool coulour used in laundry and bathroom.

BEDROOM 3

https://www.aliexpress.com/

DIMMER Use dimmer to save energy by adjusting illuminate level

https://gabenjenny.com/impressive-25-best-white-paint-for-walls-for-your-perfect-needs/

https://www.internationalleds.co.uk/blog/?p=32

MOVEMENT SENSOR SECURITY LIGHT ‘Smart’ light is installed at the entrance of the house to illuminate the front garden. Movement sensor turns on and off the light automatically while householder back home. It is used for the place used infrequently and prevent lights left on by mistake. Moreover, ‘smart’ light increase the security of the house.

No Light

Day Light

https://www.bunnings.com.au/arlec-andreas-compact-movement-activated-sensorsecurity-light_p4370633

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 04/09/2020 ELECTRICAL AND TELECOM N

http://amdro.blogspot. com/2014/06/

LIGHT COLOUR ROOM Change the overall colour to light colour because the light coloured interior surface is an advantage in light reflection and absorption. It absorbs less light and reflects more light. Less level of artificial lighting is required in a light coloured room. Furthermore, light colour also visually enlarge the room.

KITCHEN/DINGING

LED LIGHT STRIP The LED light strip is used in the kitchen to illuminate preparing the cooking place. The light strip is cost-efficient and energy-efficient to light up a specified area. The light strip advantages in its appearance as well, which saves space and enlarger the room visually.

Furthermore, the light strip is easy to install, which cost less installation fee.

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

LED LED is more cost-efficient and energysaving than incandescent and LCF. It can transfer about 70% of the energy into light due to its high lumen output per watt. Furthermore, LED has high brightness and intensity than incandescent and LCF in the same wattage. LED bulb work by transfer energy into light instead of heat that performance in low radiated heat.

LED also advantage in instantaneous illumination, which is useful for energy saving.

Solar Power

LIVING ROOM

CEILING FAN WITH LIGHT Ceiling fan with light is placed in the living room and three bedrooms as the fundamental light source. This application not only lights up the room but also enhance ventilation and save space, especially for bedrooms. Moreover, the light is connected to two switches, which easier for the client to turn off the light. For bedrooms, one switch is placed near the door and another one near the bed. For the living rooms, one is placed near the entrance and another near the hallway. https://www.universalfans.com.au/online/brilliant-tempo-dc-ceilingfan-remote-led-light-white-48/

RENEWABLE POWER Renewable energy is used since the Carltons love efficiency. Energy generates by wind generator and PV panels (solar panels). Then, energy is stored in battery banks and converted into a high voltage by inverter.

NCC NCC Lighting Regulations: no more than 5 watts per square metre of lighting indoors.

SOLATUBE SKYLIGHT Solatube skylight system in the hallway is energySolar Panel efficient and sustainable. Skylight not only illuminates during the day but also work at night by harvesting daylight by the solar panel during the day. It is a perfect light fitting for families with young children.

Night Light Kids usually run around the house during the day and sleep early at night. Dimmed light at night not only enables children to fall asleep quickly, but also bright enough for parents to find their way without stumbling into table corners, or toys on the floor. https://www.yourhome.gov.au/energy/lighting https://solatube.com.au/blog/solatube-daylight-meets-nightlight/

LEGEND

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

Ceiling light fitting

Strip light

Fan with light

Electric pole

Electric meter

Fibre wall outlet

Electrical connection to light

Solatube skylight

Single light switch

Single power point

Exhaust fan

Premises connection device

Telecom Pit

Electrical connection to fan

Wall light fitting

Double light switch

Double power point

Smoke and fire alarm

Network termination device

Wind generator

Connection to electricity

Water proof power point

Switch board

Power supply unit

Battery bank

Connection to telecom

Table lamp

4

Triple light switch

RAINWATER • Rainwater collection Rainwater mainly collected from the trapezoidal metal sloping roof.

Then, flow through the eave gutter to the downpipe and collected in the tank.

• Rainwater storage Rainwater storage in the rainwater tank outside of the house. Pump and filter are connected to the tank to prevent bacteria.

• Rainwater distribution After filtration, rainwater distributed to the house for multiple uses. The storm water flows to the side entry point from downpipes. Furthermore, the main water supply is used when the rainwater tank is empty.

RAINWATER TANK Bladder water tank placed under the deck (deck is built under the pergola) is used for aesthetic reason. It also saves the outdoor space and it’s safer for children to play around in the garden.

Moreover, the bladder water tank is easy to maintain and reduced water bills. Average residential water usage per person is 161L/day in Melbourne. Thus, 10000L water tank is required for 15 days of water supply after the test. The bladder water tank did not leak water if installed properly.

GAS No gas is going to use in the house due to Mr and Mrs Carlton wants the house to be efficient. PV panel on the top of the roof is used to generate electricity and the hot water is provided by evacuated tube. Hence, traditional gas energy replaced by renewable solar panels. Stop using gas in the house also reduce greenhouse emission and carbon footprint. Furthermore, an efficient and sustainable house is a good educational example for the next generation’s awareness of environmental protection.

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

BETHROOM HWS

POOL

BEDROOM 2

PUMP A free-standing pressure pump is connected to the water tank to deliver water to the house. The free-standing pump advantage in its capacities range.

BEDROOM 3

N

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

Small flush buttom

TAP AERATOR Tap aerator is water and energy-efficient application for tap. It can save 60% of water and runs at only 2.5 gpf per minute while normal tap runs at 6 gpf. It also enhances the water pressure but not increase the consumption of the water. Tap aerator also prevents splashing by slow down the flow, which increases safety for young children.

GM

GARDENING Watering the garden with rainwater to save water.

Reuse the rainwater to achieve water-efficiency.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 05/09/2020 WATER AND GAS SUPPLY

Large flush buttom

MUTIPLE MODE SHOWER HEAD The water-efficient shower head is used to control hydraulic pressure use for difference propose. It can save more than 26 litres of water for an average 7-minute shower for a person, and 9000 litres of water per year.

HALLWAY

FILTERS Rainwater should flow into filters before use. The first flush diverters interrupt the first runoff from the roof and prevent dust and rocks enter the rainwater tank. Secondary filter is installed with UV radiation to kill bacteria, which ensure the water is safe to drink. It placed after the pump and directly connect to the house.

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

DUAL FLUSH The dual flush toilet is waterefficient that operate by two setting mechanism. Olde single flush toile use 3.5 to 5 gpf while dual-flush only use less than1.1 gpf which is compliance with the National Energy Policy Act (not exceed 1.6 gpf). *gpf = gallons

ENSUIT

KITCHEN/DINGING

LAUNDRY

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM Solar hot water system works the same as a battery and reduces the energy bill. In a conventional hot water system, cold water is heated on the top of the roof and the tank is placed on the ground. Then, it transfers hot water to the kitchen, bathroom and laundry. Solar HWS also save indoor space because the solar panel is placed on the roof. By using solar panels, zero greenhouse gas is emitted, which make the system the most environment friendly than others. HWS is six times cost-efficient than others in the long term because it received continuously and unlimited solar energy. Furthermore, it makes the house sustainable because renewable energy is used.

M

W

W

W

WELS WELS refers to Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards in Australia.

Higher ranking star application should be used in the house to save water. Notice WELS SEP can improve water-efficient W W and sustainability.

RESOURCE

LEGEND M

Water meter

Water tank

Cold water

SEP

Side entry pit

Pump

Hot water

GM

Gas meter

Filter

Rain water

Hot water system

Downpipe

Storm water

HWS

5

Main water supply W

Water line

http://waterstore.com.au/storage/mobile/Bladder%20Tanks.htm https://tankdoctor.com.au/store/rainwater-filtration-systems/filtatank-whole-house-twin-rainwater-filtration-system-ultraviolet-sterilisation/ https://au.rs-online.com/web/p/water-pumps/1449349/ https://foxstark.com/products/shower-head https://www.aliexpress.com/i/32876419450.html http://latarspace.com/rainwater-collection-system-design/ https://plumbinghelp.com/pump_types/ https://www.oztanks.com.au/under-deck-water-tanks-melbourne/ https://thinkenergy.org.uk/solar-thermal-hot-water/ https://www.solarquotes.com.au/energy-efficiency/hot-water.html

Gradient of the pipe SEWER Sewer pit is placed at the lowest point of the site(59.45)and the end of the sewer pipe is located at the highest point(59.78). The distance between two points is approximately 19m and the fall in 0.32m. Thus, the gradient of the pipe is around 0.0168(1/60).

SYSTEM

STORMWATER SYSTEM

GREYWATER SYSTEM STORMWATER VS. RAINWATER Stormwater is the water draining from the rain and falls on the roof and land, which carry unclear matters can pollute the downstream waterways.

However, rainwater is much cleaner than stormwater because it falls on the roof and collected by the roof gutter with filter.

0.32 meters 19 meters

S

59.46

Stormwater management • Retain the existing topography and drainage pattern.

• Keep deep-rooted vegetations to filter nutrients lower the water table and runoff velocities.

• Minimise the impervious area such as paved road.

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

LIVING ROOM

ENSUIT

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

PERGOLA

COLLECTION Greywater is the wastewater collect from non-toilet plumbing fixtures(such as shower, basin and laundry). Toilet and kitchen wastewater are called black water. Greywater can be reused for toilet flushing, garden watering and clothes washing. When washing clothes, greywater is used for the first rinse and rainwater for the second rinse. Reuse greywater can reduce water bill and use fewer water resources, which is water-efficient and environmentally friendly.

FILTRATION Greywater should be treated properly before reuse.

Coarse filtration happens firstly to remove large particles.

Then, using a sand filter and reed bed for

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

BETHROOM

LAUNDRY

POOL

Sewer system works by gravity-powered. After stored more than 24 hours, blackwater and greywater flow into the sewer pit.

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

HALLWAY

POOL

59.60

BEDROOM 2 HALLWAY

ENSUIT

KITCHEN/DINGING PERGOLA

59.78

LAUNDRY

S

All of the sewer pipes should be installed in angle to prevent smell goes into the house. T joint pipe is used to connect the sewer vent service.

SEWER VENT Sewer vent supplies fresh air to regulate the air pressure in the plumbing system in the house and helps to remove gas and odours.

Air pressure is used to transfer water through the drainage pipes when a sink is drained or a toilet is flushed. Plumbing vent pipes should be installed away from windows or air conditioning units to prevent odour and gas to escape.

However, when the sewer vent does not work properly, the whole plumbing drainage system will be affected because they are connected.

BETHROOM

Garden watering LAUNDRY

HALLWAY

POOL

BEDROOM 2

further biological treatment. UV radiation disinfection is used for fine filtration. Form the research, UV radiation is more environmentally friendly than chlorine. Furthermore, Lint filter is used to let greywater smoothly flowed. Moreover, The grey water cannot be stored more than 24 hous as well.

BEDROOM 3

REDUCE POLLUTION It is important to make stormwater less polluted because it flows into SEP and deliver to lake and river without further treatment. For instance, washing the car on the lawn instead of on the road can reduce pollution. Because the polluted water will not flow into SEP directly, the lawn can absorb the water with detergent.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 07/09/2020 WATER RECYCLING AND DRAINAGE

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:150 @ A3

BEDROOM 3

KITCHEN/DINGING

N

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

Dietes SEP

LPD

Gardenia

Water tank

Sewer vent connection

Side entry pit

Sewer vent

Rain water

Out of the greywater system

Legal point of discharge

Downpipe

Storm water

Into the greywater system

Pump

Greywater system

Sewerage

SEP LPD

6

RESOURCE Sewer pit

Water meter

S

Conifers

Manilla Grass

GARDENING Greywater is good for plants generally, the soil itself can filter out nutrients and biodegradable matters. Some of the plants love to grow with greywater is listed above. Use fewer phosphorus products and neutralising greywater’s PH values can benefit plants more.

LEGEND M

Bird Of Paradise

https://www.hunterwater.com.au/building-and-developing/plumbers/sewer-soffit-requirements https://www.quora.com/Why-when-I-flush-the-upstairs-toilet-the-downstairs-toiletoverflows http://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/ https://www.yourhome.gov.au/water/wastewater-reuse https://www.gwig.org/watering-gardens-with-greywater-plants-that-like-greywater/ https://cqbochi.en.made-in-china.com/product/RBWJbKMrCUpO/China-StainlessSteel-Tee-Joint-for-Pipe-Tube-Fittings.html http://www.blueplanet.nsw.edu.au/mi--ww--greywater-treatment-for-indoor-re-use/. aspx

BEDROOM 1

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

LAUNDRY POOL

ZONE 4: CERAMIC HEATER

BEDROOM 2

HALLWAY

BEDROOM 3

ENSUIT

LIVING ROOM - ELECTRIC COIL IN SLAB SYSTEM The living room is the most necessary to heat up because Mrs Carlton works at home, whilst also caring for two young children. A high efficient heater should be installed for Mrs Carlton to work comfortably and kids to play around the living room. The inertia of this system is very high because of the high thermal mass of concrete. Furthermore, it performs well in comfortable radiant heat with no draft and dust, which is friendly children. Kids can keep their feet warm in winter without wearing socks and run on the floor freedom. A comfortable environment also enables Mrs Carlton to design in a good mood. Moreover, the electric coil in a slab system is used also because they have a bad experience in hydronic slab heating. Furthermore, the electric coil in the slab has no impact on the layout because it applied inside the slab, which enlarges usable space.

T

T

H

H

T

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

PERGOLA

LAUNDRY

HALLWAY

POOL

HALLWAY No heater for the hallway and laundry due to people usually not occupy in this space for a long time.

‘IN-SLAB’ VS. ‘ON-SLAB’ ELECTRIC COIL SYSTEM In-slab electric coil is installed in this house instead of on-slab. In the on-slab system, coils are laying on the top of the slab with the floor covering placed on the top. As the floor cover of the living room is concrete, on-slab system reduce the efficiency of the concrete slab to absorb heat by its high thermal mass.

However, coils in the in-slab system is attatched to the reinforce concrete with slab poured on the top. Electricity transfer along the resistive cables to heat up the floor with radiant heat. Thus, the electric coils in hide inside of the concrete slab, which is not only energy-efficient, but also much safer to use.

N

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

ELECTRIC VS. HYDRONIC HEATING • Carltons prefer not to use a hydronic system. (Major reason) • The initial purchase cost of a hydronic system is higher than the electric.

• There is no maintenance required for the electric system.

• Both of them can be connected to a solar system.

• Both of them are recommended to add insulation layer below.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 08/09/2020 HEATING SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

BATHROOM HEATER 3-in-1 PTC Ceramic Heater Exhaust Fan with Tricolour LED Light is used in the bathroom.

Heat lamp heat human directly, which is beneficial in a small and barely use area such as the bathroom. 3-in-1 PTC heater can not only save energy but also save space since it is installed on the ceiling.

T

LIVING ROOM

GET ELECTRICITY SOURCE FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY Electricity source can be generate from PV panels, which is energy-efficient and environment friendly. It is also cost-efficient to reduce the electricity cost of electric slab heating system.

H

ZONE 3: RADIANT HEATER

ZONING The heating strategies is divided into five zones to make it more efficient.

In the living room zone, electric coil in slab system is used to heat up a large area. Electric heating panel is installed on the of main bedroom(bedroom 1) and ceramic heater is used in two kids’ bedroom(bedroom 2&3). Furthermore, radiant heater is installed on the ceiling of the bathrooms. For the hallway and laundry space, no heater is installed to save energy.

T

ZONE 2: ELECTRIC HEATING PANEL

H

ZONE 1: ELECTRIC COIL IN SLAB SYSTEM

LEGEND

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

BEDROOM - ELECTRIC PANEL ON THE WALL Electric panel on the wall is applied in the master bedroom for Mr and Mrs Carlton.

The bedroom has a relatively small area and only need to be heated in a short time. The electric panel can turn on and off quickly when clients are going to sleep than electric soil in the slab. Thus, electric is more energy efficient to be used in the bedroom. The electric panel also performs better in a smaller room, which is ideal for use in the bedroom. It can also give clients a relatively accurate heat with no draft. Furthermore, the initial purchase of the electric panels is cheap and low maintenance is required.

Install the panel on the wall minimise the impact of layout and give Mrs Carlton more space to decorate the room with her graphic drawings.

RESOURCE

T

Thermostat

Switch

H

Electric heating panel

Power needed

Coil in slab perimeter Bathroom heater

7

BEDROOM - CERAMIC HEATER The ceramic heaters are placed in two children’s bedrooms. Same as the electric panel on the wall, ceramic heaters is energy-saving and accurately heat the room. Additionally, a ceramic heater is much safer to used in children’s room among others. Ceramic heaters are available with safety features such as auto shut off, timer control, and overheating sensors.

After the sensors monitoring the overheated temperature, it will shut off or decrease the temperature automatically. Furthermore, the ceramic heater is safe for children to touch because the temperature of the ceramic surface remains cool when heating. The risk of ignition due to overheating or left things behind the heater is low by using a ceramic heater. It also advantages in its ultraquiet noise, which enhances young children’s sleep quality.

https://www.doityourself.com/stry/ceramic-heater-safety-advantages-of-ceramic-heaters https://www.harveynorman.com.au/martec-vapour-3-in-1-ptc-ceramic-heater-exhaust-fan-with-tricolour-led-light.html https://www.norwestgas.com.au/hydronic-heating/underfloor-heating/ https://www.honeywellstore.com/store/products/honeywell-heatgenius-ceramic-portable-heater-hce840b.htm https://www.strategiesonline.net/home-improvement-flooring-ideas/ https://build.com.au/underfloor-and-slab-heating https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKTulXPo3Og https://www.warmzone.com/blog/tag/eco-heaters/

ZONE 1: EARTH-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

LAUNDRY POOL

BEDROOM 2

HALLWAY

BEDROOM 3

ZONE 2: EVAPORATIVE COOLER

ZONING The cooling strategies are divided into three zones to make it work more efficient. Earth-to-air heat exchanger together with ceiling fan is used for living and dining area. Evaporative cooler with ceiling fans is used in bedrooms in both north and south direction.

Furthermore, there is no cooler is installed in laundry, hallway and bathroom area. The cooling system work with passive design to improve efficiency as well.

LIVING ROOM - EARTH-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER The cooling system is necessary to be cost-efficient for the living room because the client usually spends most of the time in the living room to work. The earthto-air heat exchanger is installed in the living room because it more efficient and energy-saving to cooling a large space. The earth-to-air heat exchanger also called earth tube cooling system that draws ventilation air supply through tubes buried under the ground. Due to the temperature of 3 meters below the ground is stable, the fluctuation of air temperature is heavily reduced.

Thus, it offers space conditioning throughout each season of the year. The air comes into the room is cooled in summer and heated in winter, which is energy-saving and sustainable.

LOUVRE WINDOWS Louvre windows cool down the room by cross ventilation, which maximum the effect of breeze.

LIGHT ROOF COLOUR Lighter roof colour is used to absorb less solar heat.

REVERSE CYCLE AIR CONDITIONER The reverse cycle air conditioner is not considered to use in the house because it releases carbon footprint and not cost-efficient in a long term. AC also makes noise, which is not comfortable for people to use. However, AC advantage in high reactivity.

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

Evaporative cooling until on roof deliverling cool at ceiling level.

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

PERGOLA

LAUNDRY

HALLWAY

POOL

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

POOL & PERGOLA & EAVE Integrating passive design with the cooling system enables to cool down the room more efficiently. Pool placed in the south not only cool down the hot wind from the south in summer but also enable kids to play around and feel cooler due to moisture evaporate. The pergola and Upward raked eaves are installed to blocks summer sun but admit low angle sun warm the house in winter.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 09/09/2020 COOLING SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

BEDROOM - EVAPORATIVE COOLER Evaporative cooler system cools down the room by add moisture into the air while the air conditioner dries the air. It also provides clean air to the room by circulates air from outside with filter. Thus, it used in the bedroom for a comfortable sleep environment in summer. An evaporative cooler works more efficient due to low humidity of the inner northern suburb area.

Furthermore, it works by forcing hot air out of the room. Hence, doors and windows must be left open when using the evaporative cooler.

It also environmental friendly because it emits less carbon dioxide and reduces carbon footprint into the air.

N

Water discharge on roof to gutter for stormwater(could not be used as rainwater)

PORTABLE FANS Portable fans can be installed in anywhere near power points. It serviced as a supplementary cooling system in the room.

Moveable fans accelerated the air more directly and quickly, which is energysaving. It should be used when the client only requires a short term cooling or the day is not too hot to use the main cooling system. For example, the portable fans can be efficient if Mrs Carlton place in the kitchen while cooking in the summer.

LIVING ROOM & BEDROOM - FANS Fans are installed in the living room and bedroom to enhance the ventilation.

Fans can accelerate the air movement and evaporation rate, which make human to feel cooler. The more sweat evaporated, the more cooler will felt by people in the human cooling mechanism.

Thus, the fan makes people feel cooler instead of cooling a space. Fans used as a supplementary cooling system together with earth tube and evaporative cooler in this house. Fans enhance the efficiency of the main cooling system.

LEGEND

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

8

RESOURCE Mains waters

Electrical connection to fan

Fan with light

Water discharge

Cool wind

Double light switch

Flexible duct

Hot wind

Evaporative cooling unit

Electrical connection to light

Power needed

Supply air outlet

https://www.advancehc.com.au/evaporative-cooling-works/ http://ductair.com.au/system/ducted-evaporative-air-conditioning/ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Earth_to_air_heat_exchangers https://www.wilko.com/en-uk/home/heating-cooling/fans/c/425 udcinc.org/Ground%20Source.html https://stinsonair.com.au/blog/evaporative-air-conditioning-vs-reverse-cycle-systems/ http://directoryabc.com/electric-fan-the-advantages-and-the-disadvantages/ https://stinsonair.com.au/blog/evaporative-air-conditioning-vs-reverse-cycle-systems/ https://www.ebay.com.au/p/2241471947 https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/CN/windows-dhl.html https://www.mymove.com/home-inspiration/decoration-design-ideas/

CLIENT SCENARIOS Mrs Carlton has been tested positive to COVID virus and she did not feel particularly sick. Therefore, Mrs Carlton is worried about isolate at home without contaminating Mr Carlton and two young children. Especially two young kids due to their poor body’s resistance in age 2 and 3. For this reason, the room is temporarily rearranging to limit any interaction between Mrs Carlton and her family.

Additionally, Kids can no longer go the childcare and Mr Carlton is now working at home. Childcare duties were then placed on his shoulder. He wants to be able to work productively while entertaining two kids and keep them away from Mrs Carlton.

PREVENTIVE MEASURE Preventive measure is necessary even Mrs Carlton isolated in a separate bedroom.

Use 75% ethanol to clean door handles, bathroom areas and phones, where people touched regularly. Mr Calton should teach children to wash their hands frequently. Mrs Carlton should cover her cough and sneeze and dispose of tissues in a separate bin. She also needs to wear a surgical mask and gloves while open the door and windows.

INTERNET UPGRADE Internet is upgraded to NBN Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) to work more productive at home. FTTP is the best broadband service that reduces network latency and increase network experience.

MENTAL CARE It is important to upgrade the internet for mental care that Mrs Carlton can facetime with her family to keeping spirits up while in home isolation. Workplace arrangements also help Mr Carlton to care for children psychology when they cannot touch their mother. Kids will feel

Adding working table into the master bedroom

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

ENSUIT

KITCHEN/DINGING BETHROOM

PERGOLA

LAUNDRY

HALLWAY

POOL

Children

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

Playground SAND PIT

Outdoor Working Area

not lonely while their father entertaining with them instead of working outside.

PROJECT TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1-INNER NORTHERN SUBURB DATE: 12/09/2020 COVID-19 RESPONSE

ENVIRONMENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ABPL20036 SEMESTER 2, 2020 SCALE 1:100 @ A3

N

ROOM ALLOCATION During COVID-19 period, Mrs Carlton has been tested positive to COVID virus. She has to stop share space with her husband and young kids at home. Hence, Mrs Carlton will be isolated in the bedroom 1 where has a separate bathroom. No one should enter the master bedroom and foods dropped off in front of the door or passed through by windows.

There are two plans for Mr Carlton and kids: Plan 1 - Mr Carlton uses bedroom 3 and children can share bedroom 2, double size bed is enough for two young children to sleep. plan 2 - Mr Carlton sleep at a folding bed in the living room, and kids can stay in their original room. It can provide a more comfortable sleeping environment for children, but extra cost of folding bed in need.

Mr Carlton is going to discuss with kids to decide which plan is better for them.

WORKING AT HOME Since Mrs Carlton did not feel particularly sick, she still willing to work during the quarantine time. Thus, a bedside table is removed instead of a working table and chair in the bedroom 1. Moreover, Mr Carlton wants to work productively whilst takes care of two children. Therefore, two working and play place is designed: Indoor - Mr Carlton work at the dinner table and kids play in the living room.

Indoor working place is warmer and more convenient to set up. However, It may be less productive to work in a comfortable environment.

Outdoor - there is a working place and playground in the backyard. Mr Carlton can work in the outdoor working area with a patch board. Kids can play in the sandpit under the father’s eyes. Outdoor space provides more opportunities for kids to play and enable Mr Carlton to work with a nice view. However, they cannot spend much time outside due to low winter temperature. Furthermore, the internet should be upgraded to working at home.

LEGEND

STUDENT NAME: XINTIAN CHEN STUDENT NUMBER: 1074219 TUTOR: EMILY THOMAS

RESOURCE Electricity connection

Premises connection device

Telecom connection

Children Playground

Network termination device

Telecom pit

Working area

Power supply unit

Water proof power point

9

Patch board

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Smart-Furniture-Easy-folded-Portable-Single_60755247393.html https://www.muhealth.org/our-stories/if-covid-19-comes-your-home-learn-isolate-safely https://www.ikea.com/au/en/ https://www.letsbemates.com.au/mate/nbn-connection-types/ https://www.optus.com.au/broadband-nbn/nbn/install-nbn https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-information-about-home-isolation-when-unwell-suspected-or-confirmed-cases.pdf https://www.place2be.org.uk/about-us/coronavirus-updates-advice-and-support/ https://omghomedecor.com https://www.3m.com/ https://www.chemistwarehouse.com.au/shop-online/4638/dettol-hand-sanitiser

Environmental Building Systems - ABPL20036 Semester 2 - 2020

First Rate Energy Assessment Project Information

Walls

Mode Climate Site Exposure Client Name Rated Address Accredited Rater Date

New Home

Type

Insulation

Area (m2)

21 Melbourne RO

Straw Bale 450mm Finished

3.5

73.5

Suburban

Reverse Brick Veneer

3.5

53.1

Carltons

Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall

3.5

78.4

Inner North Suburb

Floors

Xintian Chen

Type

Insulation

Ventilation

Area (m2)

CSOG: Slab on Ground

2.0

encl

95.3

13/09/2020

Energy Usage Mode

Energy (MJ/m2)

Roof/Ceiling

28.9

Total Heating Cooling

20.7 8.2

Type

Insulation

Area (m2)

Disc: Attic-Discontinuous

5.0

95.3

Areas Area Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Garage Area

Windows

Size (m2) 84.9 10.4 0.0

Zones

Type

U-value

SHGC

Area (m2)

TIM-006-03 W Timber B DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain low-E -Clear

2.00

0.32

19.56

Window Directions Zone

Area (m2)

Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Living/Kitchen/Dining Ensuite Bathroom Laundry Hallway

Student Name:

Heating (MJ/m2)

Total Heating (MJ)

Cooling (MJ/m2)

Total Cooling (MJ)

9.3

19

176.2

3.3

30.6

10.2

35

355.2

1.5

15.0

9.3

37.7

361.6

2.8

27.0

46.9

18.5

866.4

11.4

533.6

Direction N

5.7 102.3

398.1

0.4

1.5

5.1

40.2

207.1

2.4

12.1

XINTIAN CHEN

10.0

Direction E

Area (m2) 2.3

Direction

Area (m2) 1.3

S

Direction W

Area (m2) 6.0

Roof/Ceiling Penetration

4.8 3.9

Area (m2)

Student Number: 1074219 10

Type

Location

Quantity

Sealed

Area (m2)

Downlight

Bathroom/Laundry

3

3

0.07

Exhaust Fan

Bathroom/Kitchen

3

3

0.38

Final Star Rating:

8.9