2015 Fall Structure Portfolio

Cobogó House

Building Environment and Context

ARC222 Case Study 1 Ying Zuo/Yunqing Hu/Xianrui Wang/Minglu Wei

Fig.4 Wind Direction Distribution of Year

Fig.3 Sun Path Diagram Fig.1 Cobogó House

Fig.2

Architects: Studio mk27 / Marcio Kogan Location: São Paulo, Brasil Area: 1000.0 sqm Project Year: 2011 Latitude: -23.53 (23°31'48"S) Longitude: -46.63 (46°37'48"W) Time zone: UTC-3 hours Continent: Americas Sub-region: South America

Fig.7 Circles of Sustainability for Sao Paulo

From the architect. The light of the abundant tropical Sun falls on the white volume of the top floor of the house, penetrating the holes of the hollowed elements and covering the floor of the interior space. Thus, the design of spatialized lace is formed from the shadows and solar rays.

The effect is multiplied throughout the ambient, making a construction from the light itself. Throughout the days, throughout the months, the hollowed-out elements take on different forms with the incidence of the sun; at night, this effect once again is transformed; in a continuous process of metamorphosis, its form changes from the light.[1] Compared to Ando’s 4x4 House, Cobogo House put more emphasis to use natural element as a tool to create a specific atmosphere.

Fig.6 Average Rainfall Graph for Sao Paulo

Fig.5 Average Temperature Graph for Sao Paulo

Design Intention and Materiality

Fig.9

Fig.11

Fig.10

The veranda part of the façade is designed by Austrian-American artist Erwin Hauer, who is famous for using sculpture elements in architecture.[2] His goal was to create “continuity and potential infinity.”[3] The façade panels consists of modular Portland cement pieces that are made up with sophisticated curved forms, which they intertwine and leave out hollow spaces that allow sunlight to come in during the day and interior lighting to penetrate during the night. Hauer says in his book about sculpture in architecture: “Light that pours into the wall from the opposite side seems to adhere to the surface, to wrap around the sculpted forms, and to illuminate even those parts of the surface that face away from the source of light.”[4] The joints are sealed and the continuity of the curvature is remained.[5] Portland cement is high strength and fire-resistant, but comparing to the reinforced concrete that is used in Tadao Ando’s 4x4 House in Kobe, Japan, it is not used as a structural element, but as a light-pervious screen, and at the same time a decoration for the façade.

Fig.8

Building Form and Function

Fig.15 Diagram Fig.12 Plans

Fig.14 Section2

Fig.13 Section1

Building Detail Cobogo House is an oasis in the dense urban fabric of Sao paolo. Light ,

Cobogó House respects the local climate in order to create excellent inner comfort. On the ground floor the living room connects entirely with the garden, where there is a small artificial lake. Fish and plants help maintain the biological balance of the pool without the use of chemical products that assail the environment. It shows the designer's concern about recycling and ecology. In both the back living room, which on one side opens to a large front garden and on the other to a patio of trees, and the bedrooms, the inner ambient are shaded by wooden mashrabiyas that make possible good ventilation with internal shading.

The panels can open entirely as can the floor-to-ceiling sliding glass doors, diluting, in this way, the transition between internal and external space. On the last floor, the work of art thought of as architectural space is the symbol of the house which, just as the enormous Jabuticabeira of the garden, constructs a singular space and a reflexive atmosphere that invokes a brief contemplative silence. [6]

200 X 470MM STEEL L-PROFILE SUPPORTING SUN SHADING

[7]

Compared to that of The 4 X 4 House, the structure of The Cobogo House is relatively complex.

The sun shading, as an ornament, made by hollowed concrete modules provides the building an inteseting facade. Also, this sun shading can protect the interior space from the large amout of solar radiation in Sao Paolo while Same as what Tadao Ando did, Marcio Korgan used concrete as the structural reinforced concrete slabs. Concrete, served as thermal mass, can prevent the house from being overheated and can reduce the heat loss at night.

Fig.1 Kon,Nelson.Cobogo House.2011.Sao Paulo Fig.2”São Paulo, Brazil - Basic information.”Digital Image.Gaisma.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.gaisma.com Fig.3”São Paulo, Brazil - Sun path diagram.”Digital Image.Gaisma.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.gaisma.com Fig.4”Wind Direction Distribution of Year.”Digital Image.Windfinder.2015.www.windfinder.com Fig.5”Average Temperature Graph for Sao Paulo.”Digital Image.WorldWeatherOnline.2012.www.worldweatheronline.com Fig.6Average Rainfall Graph for Sao Paulo.”Digital Image.WorldWeatherOnline.2012.www.worldweatheronline.com Fig.7James, Paul; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B. (2015). Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability.

Fig.8 Christian. Accessed Oct11,2015.sandform86.tumblr.com Fig.9 “Cobogo House.” Digital Image.Archdaily.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.archdaily.com Fig.10 “Cobogo House.” Digital Image.Archdaily.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.archdaily.com Fig.11“Cobogo House.” Digital Image.Archdaily.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.archdaily.com Fig.12 Plans: "ArchDaily," last modified Oct 13, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/175686/cobogo-house-marcio-kogan Fig.13&14&15 Sections and Diagram: " AECCafe," Oct 9, 2015, http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2012/07/08/cobogo-house-in-sao-paulo-brazil-by-studio-mk27/

ROOF OVER HEALTH SPA AREA FORMED BY 18MM GRAVEL 90MM SCREED, WATERPROOFING MEMBERANE, 120MM REINFORCED CONCREATE SLAB, 20MM INTERIOR PLASTER FINISH PAINTED WIHTE

GLAZED FACADE WITH SLIDING 5 + 5MM LAMINATED GLASS DOOR WITH FRAME OF 40 X 40MM ALLUMINIUM BOX PROFILES SUN SHADING IN 150MM THICK HOLLOWED CONCRETE MODULES (CREATED BY ARIST ERWIN HAUER) ON SUPPORTINNG STEEL FRAME FIXED AT BASE BY 35 X 45MM STEEL C-PROFILES RAINWATER COLLECTION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM WITH 85 X 55MM SHEET STEEL GUTTER AND 20MM THICK STEEL GRATE RADIUS 120MM STEEL COLUMN

LIGHTING INTEGRATED INTO FLOOR WITH 6MM THICK FROSTED GLASS COVER

20MM SLATE THRESHOLD 20MM SCREED REINFORCED CONCRETE EDGE

[1]"ArchDaily," last modified Oct 13, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/175686/cobogo-house-marcio-kogan [2]"Cobogó House / Marcio Kogan." ArchDaily. October 12, 2011. Accessed October 11, 2015.

[3] Giannasio, Breeze. "Designer Feature: Erwin Hauer." Breeze Giannasio. February 27, 2013.

Accessed October 11, 2015.

[4] Hauer, Erwin. Continua--Architectural Screen and Walls. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004. P. 94.

[5] Pfer, Thomas, and James Carpenter. Material Design Informing Architecture by Materiality.

Berlin: DE GRUYTER, 2011. P. 94.

[6]"ArchDaily," last modified Oct 13, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/175686/cobogohouse-marcio-kogan [7]"Cobago House, Sao Paolo - Brazil, Marcio Korgan Studio MK27." The Plan, June 2012, 91.

4 x 4 House

Building Environment and Context

ARC222 Case Study 1 Ying Zuo/Yunqing Hu/Xianrui Wang/Minglu Wei

4x4 House

Fig.7 Google Map

Architects: Tadao Ando Location: Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Area: 25.0 sqm Project Year: 2001-2003 Latitude: +34.68 (34°40'48"N) Longitude: +135.17 (135°10'12"E) Time zone: UTC+9 hours Continent: Asia Sub-region: Eastern Asia

Fig.2

Fig.4 Wind Direction Distribution of Year

Fig.3 Sun Path Diagram

Fig.1 4 x 4 House

Fig.5 Average Temperature Graph for Sao Paulo

Fig.8 Interior View

Located in Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, Tadao Ando’s 4×4 house, a piece of contemporary architecture and modern home design, is an extremely small private house standing on the coast of the Inland Sea in Japan. Eroded by the sea, much of the site is under water.

The topmost floor is a cube 4 meters to a side, that is pushed out toward the sea.

The seaward side is completely glazed; the view is such that we feel as if we were out on the sea on a boat. The space allows us to fully enjoy the wide expanse of the sea and the sky. [1] Compared to Cobogo House, 4x4 House is more adaptive to its natural context, which directly introduces original light source into the house and use the sea as a wonderful view.

Fig.6 Average Rainfall Graph for Sao Paulo

Design Intention and Materiality

Concrete has always been Tadao Ando’s favorite material. It plays important roles in almost every piece of architecture he created. Ando’s concrete has a warm quality, it is smooth and bright, giving people a sense of security.[2] The site for the 4x4 House is a 700 square feet land which a quarter of it is regularly underwater. But Ando was interested in the site’s limitations. It is also very close to the seismic center of the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake, therefore, Ando said that he wanted that house to be a point of remembrance for the earthquake.[3] Consider the special location and climate of the site, reinforced concrete is a suitable material due to its thermal mass and waterproof quality, as well as its strength and high resistance. As a thermal mass material, concrete stores heat from the sun during the day, and keeps the interior warm at night. Its resistant quality makes sure that water vapor or rain water doesn’t get through the walls or deteriorate the façade. The unadorned nature of concrete is in fact a great representation of the loneness and emptiness that Ando wanted to express in this building.[4] On the contrast, Portland cement, used as a part of the façade in the Cobogo House in Sao Paolo, Brazil, is also high-strength, but not used as a structural element.

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Building Form and Function

By contrasting to Cobogó House, 4x4 house is a residence with much smaller scale.

It has an extremely small 5-meter by 5-meter site. So the organization is kept very simple and clear. Each floor of the house is used for a different activity: storage in the basement, access and service on the ground floor, bedroom on the first floor, study on the second, kitchen and dining room on the top floor. [5] The spaces are almost completely enclosed on three sides, while they are open along the fourth facing towards the sea. The topmost floor is pushed out toward the sea. The seaward side is completely glazed, which allows people to fully enjoy the wide expanse of the sea and the sky. The circulation in this house doesn't occupy so much space.

The stairway takes up only half the space on the top floor since there is no need for it to go any higher. Advantage was taken of this fact to displace the top most floor by 3 feet and give the kitchen and living area more space. [6]

Fig.13 Plans

Fig.12 Sections

Building Detail

Fig.14 Axon

Fig.15 Elevations

ROOF: BITUMINOUS MEMBERANE WATERPROOFING CINDER CONCRETE, GRAVEL

The 4 X 4 House is located a ‘minimum’ private residence in Tarumi, Kobe City.

The primary goal of this project is to achieve a ‘rich’ living space on this postage

[7]

1

10

TOP OF PARAPET: CONCRETE, TROWEL FINISH, WATER PROOF

EXTERIOR WALL: EXPOSED CONCRETE FLUOROPOLYMER PAINT

Different from that in the Cobogo House project, in this project, concrete is used as the basic structural elements.

Because of the lack of space, the walls, roof and floor slabs are made by exposed concrete.

The window frame is hidden into the concrete ocean views.

CEILING: EXPOSED CONCRETE

ROLL SCREEN H-SECTION STEEL 150 X 150 X 7 X 10

[8]

Similar to what Marcio Korgan did, Tadao Ando used the texture of the concrete to create a space decorated by light. The front opennings allow the sunlight to come in to the house and the light and shadows on the exposed concrete can make the interior space neat and elegant. and thermal mass to increase th indoor comfort.

SUB F.B. 6 X 30 SUS FB FLOOR: PLYWOOD t12 BASED, OAK FLOORING t15 FLOOR HEATING PANEL, PLYWOOD & INSULATION JOIST BOARD THROATING: SUS t4, BAKING PAINT

EAVES SOFFIT: EXPOSED CONCRETE CLOSET: MELAMINE RESIN FACED PLATE t20 DRIP 20 X 30

Fig.1 Kabra,Mridul.”4x4 House.”Digital Image.Architectboy.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.architectboy.com Fig.2”Kobe,Japan - Basic information.”Digital Image.Gaisma.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.gaisma.com Fig.3”Kobe, Japan - Sun path diagram.”Digital Image.Gaisma.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.gaisma.com Fig.4”Wind Direction Distribution of Year.”Digital Image.Windfinder.2015.www.windfinder.com Fig.5”Average Temperature Graph for Lat 34.69 and Lon 135.18.”Digital Image.WorldWeatherOnline.2012. www.worldweatheronline.com Fig.6Average Rainfall Graph for Lat 34.69 and Lon 135.18.”Digital Image.WorldWeatherOnline.2012. www.worldweatheronline.com Fig.7 ”Google map.”Google.Accessed Oct11,2015.googlemap.com Fig.8 Kabra,Mridul.”View From Interiors.”Digital Image.Architectboy.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.architectboy.com Fig.9 “4x4 House By Tadao Ando Quote. ”World in Pictures.Accessed Oct11,2015.

Fig.10 “4x4 House by Tadao Ando.”Digital Image.Achitizer.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.architizer.com Fig.11“4x4 House by Tadao Ando.”Digital Image.Achitizer.Accessed Oct11,2015.www.architizer.com Fig.12 Sections: "Pinterest," Oct 9, 2015, https://interiorandexteriordesign.files.wordpress.com /2013/11/casa-4x4-secciones.jpg Fig.13&14 Plans and Axons: " Interior and Exterior Design," Oct 9, 2015, https://interiorandexteriordesign.wordpress.com/tag/tadao-ando/ Fig.15 Elevations: "Archweb," Oct 9, 2015, http://www.archweb.it/dwg/arch_arredi_famosi/Tadao_Ando/4x4_house/4x4_House.htm [1]Kabra,Mridul.”4x4 House by Tadao Ando.” Architectboy.Accessed Oct11,2015. http://architectboy.com/4x4-house-tadao-ando/ [2] Li, Qingzhi. An Teng Zhong Xiong De Jian Zhu Mi Gong. Tai Bei Shi: Da Kuai Wen Hua Chu Ban, 2007.

[3] Tanikawa, Miki. "Odd Building Sites Force Architects Into Flights of Fancy." October 14, 2010.

Accessed October 11, 2015.

[4] "日本现代建筑_安藤忠雄的4x4房子." 百度文库. Accessed October 11, 2015.

[5]" WikiArquitectura," Oct 8, 2015, http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/4x4_House [6]"Architect Boy," Oct 8, 2015, http://architectboy.com/4x4-house-tadao-ando/ [7]"4 X 4 House." In Tadao Ando Details 3, edited by Yukio Futagawa, 114. 2014.

[8] "4 X 4 House." In Tadao Ando Details 3, edited by Yukio Futagawa, 114. 2014.

Form The central volume has a symbolic and ceremonial importance. Terragni believed that the Fascist party of Italy was an expression of the peoples will. The building expresses the idea of a party born out of a revolution and the importance of transparency in its relation to the people of Como.

Circulation The spaces in the Casa del Fascio range from public to semi-private, and each is laid out in a logical manner regarding circulation and spatial sequence.

Program Terragni referenced Classical form in the grid of the building, which cut the space into blocks for different programs.

Offices

Stair

Meeting Rooms

Bathroom

Structure It is about expressing the concrete frame and playing games with subtle displacements and variations.

Asgn2_ARC222_Christian_Xianrui_Wang Casa del Fascio, Giuseppe Terragni, Como, Italy, 1936-1939

The Corner Cafe is my own design project. It located in a corner site in Manhattan. Its significant bay windows and sidewalk cafe pushing into the building are related to the design strategy, which is about having a good view of the park beside and being inverse to other stores along the street in order to attract the pedestrians. And the sidewalk cafe is surrounded by glass siding doors. The drawings below shows the structure and elevation of the wall of the cafe on the ground floor and the residence on the first floor.

Corner Cafe

R19 Insulation

Exterior Thin Glazed Brick R19 Insulation

R13 Insulation Boxed 8” Joists 3/4” Plywood Mortar Steel Frame

Residence

Glazed Window

3/4” Wood Floor 3/4” Plywood 3/4” Underlayment R19 Insulation Concrete

Zinc Drip Edge 1/2” Plywood Concrete Masonry Unit

1/2” Gypsum Board

Indoor Cafe

Sidewalk Cafe

Ground Floor

Concrete Footing

Finished Grade

Subgrade

1/2”=1’0” 0’

3’

6’

9’

ARC 222 Xianrui Wang

Corner Cafe Concrete Masonry Unit Exterior Thin Glazed Brick R19 Insulation

R19 Insulation

Boxed 8” Joists 3/4” Plywood Mortar Steel Frame

Glazed Window

3/4” Wood Floor 3/4” Plywood 3/4” Underlayment R19 Insulation Concrete

1/2” Gypsum Board Zinc Drip Edge

Sidewalk Cafe

Finished Grade Subgrade

Concrete Footing

ARC 222 Xianrui Wang