July 18, 2020

Volume 32 Number 12 • July 18, 2020

®

The Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers and AgriBusiness Community • www.wylr.net

A Look Inside Soil health research highlights impact on entire food system.... ...................................... Page 2 Cross-breeding buffalo and cattle were making headlines in the early 1900s.............. Page 6 Test your knowledge with this month's crossword puzzle......... .................................... Page 11

Outcome-based grazing to mitigate wildfires on rangelands Currently in the western U.S. there are 34 large wildfires burning with a total of 445,920 acres included. Of those large fires, only three are contained and new fires are being reported each day.

According to the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC), over 1.5 million acres in the U.S. have burned this year to date.

In a recent The Art of Range podcast, Host Tip Hudson, range and live-

stock specialist with Washington State University Extension, shares a presentation from the 2020 Society for Range Management annual meeting.

The presentation was part of a symposium titled,

Addressing Flexibility through Outcome Based Grazing Authorization, that also included presentations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rangeland management

Please see FIRE on page 5

Weevil control

Lee Pitts dislikes noisy, crowded cities............. Page 12

Quick Bits U.S. Drought For the contiguous 48 states, the U.S. Drought Monitor showed 27.46% of the area in moderate drought or worse, compared with 25.77% a week earlier. Drought now affects 36,812,296 people, compared with 32,522,590 a week earlier. For all 50 U.S. states and Puerto Rico, the U.S. Drought Monitor showed 23.04% of the area in moderate drought or worse, compared with 21.62% a week earlier. Drought now affects 39,734,494 people, compared with 35,439,725 a week earlier.

HOT, DRY SUMMER

UW studies pesticide application combinations

Plans for managing cows in arid conditions are important “Hot, dry conditions persisting through the early summer have taken a toll on grass growth in much of the Great Plains this year,” states University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Cow/Calf Systems and Stocker Management Specialist Dr. Karla Wilke. “We went from a really cold April to a really hot June, so our range is short on production and short on quality.”

During UNL’s July 14 BeefWatch podcast Wilke discusses several options cattle producers may want to consider to conserve grass in dry areas.

Supplementing cows on pasture Wilke notes one of the most common questions

she gets asked is if producers can provide a protein supplement to their cattle on pasture like they do in the winter. Her answer is yes and no.

“When we provide a protein supplement such as range cubes or distillers’ grains, we provide nitrogen to the bacteria in the rumen, which helps cattle digest lower-quality forage and most likely helps them maintain body condition,” she explains.

“However, this also helps them move feed through the rumen faster, increasing their intake, which is the exact opposite of our goal when we are trying to Please see DRY on page 11

Corn Futures Corn futures rose July 16 in anticipation of increased Chinese export demand.

September futures gained three cents per bushel to $3.2925, while new crop December futures rose 2.75 cents per bushel to $3.3675.

Cash corn prices strengthened at rail locations in the Eastern Corn Belt July 15.

Basis was mixed at ethanol plants across the Corn Belt and inched a penny higher to 12 cents per bushel below September futures prices at a Blair, Neb. processing facility. Cash sales were mostly light across the Midwest.

Soy Prices Boosted by a fresh round of Chinese export demand, the soy complex traded mostly higher on July 16. August soybeans rose five cents per bushel to $8.9125 as August soymeal prices soared $1 per ton to $286.8. Soyoil gains were more modest as August futures posted a mere one cent per pound gain to $28.81.

COVID-19 Coronavirus cases in the U.S. rose by 67,824 to 3,499,398 cases as of July 16, according to the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. The death toll increased by 953 lives to 137,419 deaths.

Drought plan – With hot, dry conditions affecting grass growth and quality, it is important for producers to have solid herd and nutrition management plans. WYLR photo

University of Wyoming (UW) scientists have been hard at work researching if applying both an insecticide and an herbicide at the same time early in the season controls alfalfa weevils.

“Herbicides to control weeds are usually applied earlier than the insecticide used for weevil control, but some producers are skeptical that enough larvae have emerged at this time to offer any control,” states Randa Jabbour, plant sciences associate professor at UW. She notes, because of this, some companies are offering the option to apply the two pesticides in one application for increased convenience.

“Many producers say it’s helping, but as of right now there is no data to back it up,” says Plant Sciences Graduate Student Micah McClure.

Therefore, researchers at UW set out to measure alfalfa weevil control after applying both insecticide and herbicide early in the season. They also looked at how the practice affects beneficial insects.

Alfalfa weevils According to Jabbour the alfalfa weevil is about threesixteenths of an inch long, and Please see WEEVIL on page 4

Reintroduction plan discussed

Teton County Fair focuses on tradition

“We had some really good news come out of both Washingtons on July 7 when Secretary David Bernhardt announced the Department of the Interior (DOI) is not going to proceed with their 2015 plans to reintroduce grizzlies in the northern Cascades of Washington State,” says Kaitlynn Glover, executive director of both the National Beef Cattlemen’s Association (NCBA) and Public Lands Council (PLC).

Glover applauded Bernhardt and the DOI’s decision during NCBA’s Beltway Beef podcast on July 11.

“The department said they are instead going to listen to folks on the ground and focus on managing populations across the existing range, which is really good news,” she says.

Reason for the decision In regards to why DOI decided against the reintroduction plan, Glover notes the DOI’s long history of managing and protecting large predators, as well as the challenges producers in the western U.S. face when sharing public lands with them.

“Grizzly bears had some history in the north Cascades, and over time, for a variety of reasons, those populations moved to other places. Then they didn’t have many grizzlies anymore,” she explains. “So, the plan over the last few years was to examine what it would look like if DOI were to relocate bears up to that area again.”

“Relocations are tricky in any scenario, but what the DOI would have been doing is dropping these bears in the middle of an ecosystem they haven’t been in for a really

The 64th Annual Teton County Fair continues the Wyoming county fair run this week with 4-H events scheduled from Friday, July 17 through Sunday, July 26. This year creates a unique opportunity for county fairs to make agriculture and the history of fairs the center of attention.

“We look forward to focusing on the traditions of county fair – showcasing youth livestock shows and bringing awareness to the program,” says Extension Educator Glenn Owings. “Handson sewing, quilting and other static projects are certainly a nod to fair traditions as well.”

Please see GRIZZLY on page 10

The fair board made the tough decision to cancel night events and other entertainment, along with the carnival and food vendors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The fair will still feature 4-H events, the Blue Ribbon Exhibit Hall and the Open Class Horse Show.

“We submitted a mitigation plan to our county health department with a schedule of how we would work to meet health orders and stagger participants in our indoor space,” says Owings. “The health department has been very responsive and helpful in our efforts to make things safe while still being able to host

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Please see FAIR on page 11

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

It’s Not a Vegetable

For those of us in the meat industry, the last four or five months have been a roller coaster ride with most of the ride going downward. Feeders and producers have really been feeling the blues lately.

From the

The summer video sale season Publisher has started, and most were pleased with Dennis Sun yearling and feeder calf prices. Cull bulls are up, but cull cows are not as good as they should be.

The packers are taking advantage of high beef prices and are processing as many cattle as they can. This should help to get rid of the backlog of finished cattle caused by processing plants being shut down.

We all wish the lamb market was better. World issues and missing the Easter season did not help lamb producers.

It doesn’t matter what meat we raise or produce, we have somewhat neglected to listen to the consumer. Thank God we have a checkoff to help us keep in tune with our consumers.

Consumers are changing their ways on how they buy their meats, as I mentioned in this column last week, but the reasons they give for changing or not changing are somewhat baffling.

Like produce and other grocery store items, more consumers are ordering their meat online. I read a poll the other day reflecting consumers’ reasons for why they would never want to order fresh beef online.

Twenty-two percent, the highest percentage, said they had concerns with the beef not being fresh. Seven percent had issues with expiration dates, and six percent had concerns with quality and cuts. Five percent thought the meat would go bad, and two percent had concerns with food safety and quantity, while one percent had concerns with the color of the meat.

Specifically, 56 percent of consumers report they would not buy fresh beef online. When asked why, picking out and seeing beef products in-person was still mentioned most, but a more in-depth look showed this is because consumers want to ensure the freshness, quality and exact specifications of the beef like they can at the grocery store. For those consumers who are already shopping online, these factors are not an issue.

The top five reasons consumers didn’t want to buy their groceries and meat online were 43 percent wanted to pick their own fresh produce and 46 percent wanted to pick their own fresh meats. While 34 percent didn’t want to pay delivery fees, 24 percent didn’t want to pay a subscription fee.

Lastly, 22 percent said they were not able to get all of the items they needed.

This would be my top reason. I can go the grocery store for eggs and milk and come out with a full cart, especially if I’m hungry.

What did we learn from this poll? The word we heard over and over was “fresh.” The consumers wanted their produce and meat fresh. So much for aged meat, I guess.

Despite hearing the consumer is buying more fake meats and Burger King is telling the cattle which grass to graze, the consumer wants a good pork chop, lamb chop and beef steak. The checkoffs for these products are telling our story and explaining the low-carbon footprint they leave. Let the checkoffs do their work and help producers tell their true story.

GUEST OPINIONS It’s Time To Rethink The U.S. Food System From The Ground Up

By Laura Lewis and Dave Gustafson The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic shutdowns have severely disrupted and spotlighted weaknesses in the U.S. food system. Farmers, food distributors and government agencies are working to reconfigure supply chains so food can get to where it’s needed. But there is a hidden, long-neglected dimension that should also be addressed as the nation rebuilds from the current crisis.

As scholars who study different aspects of soil, nutrition and food systems, we’re concerned about a key vulnerability at the very foundation of the food system – soil. On farms and ranches across the U.S., the health of soil is seriously compromised today.

Conventional farming practices have degraded it, and erosion has shorn away much of it.

The soil that produces our nation’s food supply is a weakened link, slowly failing under ongoing strain.

This breakdown isn’t as dramatic as what happened in the 1930s during the Dust Bowl, but it is just as worrying.

Human history holds many examples of oncethriving agricultural regions around the world, where failure to maintain soil health degraded entire regions far below their potential agricultural productivity, impoverishing the descendants of those who wrecked their land.

We believe there is an urgent need to rebuild soil health across the U.S. This can help maintain harvests over the long run and lay a solid foundation for a more resilient food system.

Investing in soil health will benefit environmental and human health in ways that are becoming increasingly appar-

ent and important.

Food production starts with soil Soil is the foundation of the U.S. food system. Fruits, vegetables, nuts and oils come directly from plants grown in soil. Meat, poultry, dairy products and many farmed fish come from animals that feed on plants. Wild-caught fish and shellfish, which provide a tiny fraction of the typical American diet, are virtually the only exception.

As populations around the globe ballooned over recent centuries, so did pressure to force more productivity out of every available acre. In many parts of the world, this led to farming practices that degraded soil far beyond its natural fertility.

Researchers, government agencies and nonprofit groups recognize soil degradation as a national problem and have started to focus on rebuilding soil health.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service helps farmers improve the health and function of their soils. Non-government organizations are recognizing the need to restore soil health on agricultural lands, and the 2018 Farm Bill directed new attention and funding to soil health programs.

The societal and environmental costs of degraded soil add up to as much as $85 billion yearly just in the U.S. Public health Beyond growing food, soils support human, public and planetary health. Well before the current pandemic, experts in public health and nutrition recognized modern agriculture was failing to sustain consumers, the land and rural communities.

This insight helped spur the emergence of a new multidisciplinary field, known

as food systems, that analyzes how food is produced and distributed.

But work in this field tends to focus on the environmental impacts of food production, with less attention to economic and social implications, or to links between farming practices, soil health and the nutritional quality of food.

Many studies narrowly focus on greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture when addressing soils and sustainability, without including the many ecological benefits healthy soils provide.

To be sure, man-made climate change is a major longterm threat to human and planetary health, but soil health is just as critical in its own right.

Human actions have already harmed agricultural productivity in areas around the world, and when soil is degraded, food production systems are less able to weather future challenges we can expect in a changing climate.

The study of soil health can also have its own blind spots. Often agricultural research focuses solely on crop yields or the impact of individual conservation practices, such as adopting notill planting or planting cover crops to protect soil from erosion.

Such analyses rarely consider linkages driven by dietary demand for specific foods and crops, or the effects of farming practices on the nutrient content of forage and crops that sustain livestock and humans.

Food systems experts have called for transforming food production to improve human health and make agriculture more sustainable.

Some researchers have proposed specific diets they argue would accomplish both goals, but fully understanding con-

nections between soil health and public health will require greater collaboration between those studying food systems, nutrition and how we treat the soil.

Growing our values Now that COVID-19 has deconstructed much of the national food supply network, it would be a mistake to pour efforts into simply rebuilding a flawed system. Instead, we believe it is time to redesign the U.S. food system from the ground up, so it can deliver both soil health and human health and be more resilient to future challenges.

What would it take to do this? The foundation of a revised system would be adopting regenerative farming methods that integrate multiple soilbuilding practices, such as no-till, cover crops and diverse crop rotations to restore health to the land.

It would also take creating and expanding markets for more diverse crops, as well as expanding regenerative grazing and promoting reintegration of animal husbandry and crop production, and it would require investing in research into the linkages between farming practices, soil health and the nutritional quality of foods, and what that all could mean for human health.

In sum, we think it’s time to rethink the food system, based on a recognition that providing healthy diets based on healthy soils is critical to achieving a healthier, more just, resilient and truly sustainable world.

Laura Lewis is an associate professor of community and economic development at Washington State University, and Dave Gustafson is the project director at the Agriculture and Food Systems Institute.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

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NEWS BRIEFS Budget cuts announced Health orders extended On July 13, Gov. Mark Gordon announced deep budget cuts for the current two-year budget cycle, totaling more than $250 million or nearly 10 percent of the state’s general fund budget. This comes after revenue projections showed an almost $1 billion shortfall for the general fund and another $500 million for school funding.

The budget reductions will include state employees losing their jobs, as well as mandatory furloughs, a reduction in major maintenance spending and the consolidation of human resources personnel across state agencies.

“This is an incredibly difficult task, but we must respond to the financial circumstances the state is facing,” Gordon said. “These cuts will impact families across the state, will affect the services we provide and will have an effect on dollars that flow into the private sector.”

The governor approved 10 percent cuts for most state agencies, boards and commissions. The Department of Health, with the state’s largest budget, will see a nine percent cut, totaling approximately $90 million.

The budget cuts include significant general fund dollars that enter the private sector in the form of contracts, and also means some services available to the state’s seniors, disabled and low-income residents won’t be available or will be reduced.

“The repercussions to our communities and the businesses of our state are significant,” Gordon added.

“While they are necessary, these cuts weaken our ability to deliver the critical services and functions of our state government Wyomingites depend on.”

The budget cuts still leave a forecasted budget shortfall of more than $600 million. The governor has directed agencies to prepare preliminary proposals to cut an additional 10 percent from their budgets and submit those concepts to him. He has previously stated he will be considering a range of options to fund an appropriate level of government services, since merely cutting services will not be enough to address the scope of the shortfall.

Policy improved

On July 15, President Trump announced the completion of rules to overhaul implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

The president discussed the administration’s three plus year effort to rewrite the rules surrounding NEPA, declared his plan would jump start the economy and said it would cut the federal permitting process from more than 20 years down to two, while still ensuring the environment is protected.

“The modernized NEPA rule brings common sense back to an important rule established to protect our land and water resources,” said NCBA President Marty Smith. “President Trump and his team at the Council on Environmental Quality embraced a oncein-a-generation opportunity to ensure this country has the strongest possible environmental policy for years to come. They deserve an abundance of thanks.”

“American ranchers that care for hundreds of millions of acres of private and public lands across the United States know the importance of implementing timely improvements based on the best knowledge at hand. These changes ensure NEPA does not delay good management practices,” Smith continued.

“The process updates to NEPA are celebrated across the West,” said PLC President Bob Skinner.

“This rule recognizes the severe limitations of a policy that had not been updated in more than 40 years. Over the last four decades, ranchers learned and adapted to new needs of wildlife and other rangeland users, but outdated NEPA policy prevented them from responding to many critical situations. The finalized changes bring NEPA up to date, focus the attention on the real issues at hand and ensure the government is avoiding speculative and duplicative environmental reviews.

Thank you to the Trump administration for engaging and listening to stakeholders on the ground.”

Wyoming’s current public health orders will be extended through July 31 as the state continues to see increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases, Gov. Mark Gordon announced on July 13.

Over the past 14 days, Wyoming has averaged 27 lab-confirmed cases of COVID-19 per day, with 342 new cases confirmed since July 1. From June 15-30, there were 328 lab-confirmed cases reported. On July 13, the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations reported by Wyoming hospitals was 17, the most hospitalizations reported since April 22.

While the total numbers of tests completed has continued to grow in Wyoming, the percentage of tests coming back positive for COVID-19 has remained steady with a cumulative total average of 2.9 percent.

The Wyoming Department of Health and the governor continue to strongly recommend the use of face coverings in public settings where it is not possible or reasonable to stay physically apart.

The continuing orders, taking effect July 16, allow gatherings up to 50 persons in a confined space to occur without restrictions and permit events of up to 250 persons with social distancing and increased sanitization measures in place. Faith-based gatherings such as church services and funeral homes will continue to be permitted to operate without restrictions, with appropriate social distancing encouraged.

The section of Order No. 1 addressing restaurant operations has been simplified, with the removal of some specific provisions to provide business owners additional flexibility and maintain an emphasis on spacing and face coverings. The public health restrictions that apply to bars, gyms and performance spaces will remain in place.

Updated public health orders can be found at covid19. wyo.gov.

Coal, carbon mining approved On July 7, the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality announced they have awarded tech company Ramaco Carbon approval to mine private coal and carbon ore assets at the Brook Mine north of Sheridan.

The approval marks the creation of Wyoming’s first mine in almost four decades, but for a new purpose – developing alternative uses for coal beyond burning it and potentially revitalizing key factors of both the state and national economy. The approval also constitutes a permit of one of the largest private coal/carbon ore reserves in the country.

Ramaco Carbon said pre-mine development work will begin shortly and they intend to employ local Wyoming miners affected by the industry’s downturn in the state. The initial opening of the mine is anticipated to employ 30 to 40 direct mining jobs and will induce serveral other jobs in the service sectors.

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Youth rodeo scheduled On July 27 at 6:30 p.m., the first annual Weston County Youth Mini Rodeo will take place at the Weston County Fairgrounds in Newcastle. The event will be hosted by the newly established Weston County Mini Roughstock Rodeo Association.

Any and all kids, ages five to 18, are invited to enter and participate in a variety of events, including mutton busting, mini bareback and bull riding, mini wild horse race and high school bareback and bull riding.

For more information or to fill out entry forms, visit Weston County Mini Roughstock Rodeo Association’s Facebook page or westoncountyfair.com.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

WEEVIL continued from page 1 here in Wyoming, they overwinter as adults in the crowns of alfalfa plants as well as debris around fields.

“Once temperatures rise to about 48 degrees, females will lay eggs in alfalfa stems, usually as the alfalfa is breaking dormancy in April through May. They then hatch into larvae, move through four instars and pupate. During this stage, they look like they are wrapped in a little net, which then drops to the ground and they emerge as adults,” Jabbour explains.

She further notes females can lay nearly 400 to 1,000 eggs, and once the larvae hatch, damage to alfalfa

begins.

Weevil control Jabbour explains producers who determine their number of weevils are close to an economic threshold generally like to spray at least one week before they cut their alfalfa, but oftentimes this decision is derailed by factors outside of their control, like the weather.

“There is a really narrow window of time when alfalfa producers are trying to make these decisions,” she says.

However, she notes spraying earlier could help solve the timing problem.

In fact, according to a publication titled Alfalfa Weevil Biology and Management,

research by Oklahoma State University showed six larvae per stem on 15-inch high alfalfa can cause a 0.5-ton per acre loss in the first cutting and 0.4-ton per acre loss in the second cutting.

The study also indicated eight larvae per 15-inch stem height can cause a 0.67-ton per acre loss in the first cutting and 0.55-ton per acre loss in the second.

UW study For the UW study, McClure notes he spent the spring netting insects on 15 research plots at the James C. Hageman Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center near Lingle.

His first sweep took place on May 6, and he finished netting his final batch the week of June 22. He collected more

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than 68 bags to take back to the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and began counting alfalfa weevil larvae and adults, clover root curculios, bees, ladybugs, damsel bugs, spider, grasshoppers, wasps, aphids and lygus bugs.

McClure explains his sweeps on May 6 netted no alfalfa weevil larvae and only two adults. By May 27, the total jumped to 348 larvae and nine adults.

“Weevils are a one-generation, early spring problem,” explains McClure.

“Some producers cut hay earlier to try to control the pests, but some weevils can survive and start damaging the second cutting. The pests can then cause further harm to production because an alfalfa plant is putting all of its energy into the secondary growth.”

Jabbour notes UW’s study is part of a larger grant from the USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture Alfalfa Seed and Alfalfa Forage System Program and study led by Utah State University.

“Chemists there want to determine how much and

“The hope is to give producers good information on whether spraying early is effective, and if so, farmers can optimize when they use the product to reduce the rate of developing resistance in insects.” – Randa Jabbour, University of Wyoming how long a pesticide stays on leaves during application, as well as how long it stays toxic,” she says. “The entomologists in that study are measuring different levels of toxicity and if the insecticide will still kill an insect over time.”

According to Jabbour, UW will collect and send leaf samples to Utah State University next year. She says her hypothesis is that spraying earlier in cooler weather will increase an insecticide’s effectiveness.

“We think when growers spray earlier, and it’s cooler, the insecticide stays around longer and is able to kill the insect more effectively than later in the season when it’s warmer,” she says.

More efficient spraying could also lessen weevil resistance to an insecticide,

Jabbour notes. She explains there is more documentation of alfalfa weevils being resistant to some of these pesticides in the western U.S. “We have not measured this in Wyoming, so we don’t know if we have this resistance here, but we probably do, and it’s probably worse in certain places,” she says.

McClure notes he may be able to give preliminary data on UW’s research this fall.

Jabbour says, “The hope is to give producers good information on whether spraying early is effective, and if so, farmers can optimize when they use the product to reduce the rate of developing resistance in insects.”

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup.

Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

FIRE continued from page 1 specialists in Oregon and Wyoming.

Fires span boundaries According to Hudson, wildfires on rangelands have grown in terms of size, frequency and length of season.

“Increasing human use of rangelands, vegetation state change, cheatgrass invasion, drought and climate change are to blame for wildfires on rangelands growing,” he explains.

Hudson offers suggestions for solutions from managers and researchers including grazing systems, preemptive restoration and a fuel break provision. Livestock grazing has been shown to reduce fire fuel load and decrease fire potential and intensity.

“Western U.S. rangelands are largely managed by the federal government for multiple uses,” Hudson shares. “Because wildfires frequently cross jurisdictional boundaries, it is likely to require involvement by multiple actors beyond the federal range management agencies.”

Katherine Wollstein, PhD candidate working for the Policy Analysis Group at the University of Idaho, presents results showing how formal and informal barriers affect management decisions, including grazing plans, designed to reduce the risk of wildfires from three different BLM field offices.

Outcome-based grazing Grazing permits on public lands were meant to regulate usage and discourage resource misuse. However in many cases, permits

directing the time and intensity ranchers may graze livestock are renewed on a 10-year basis and often do not contain any information on how to respond to unusual rangeland conditions.

“Typically some sort of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) needs to be done if a change is desired on a permit,” shares Wollstein. “It’s a long process. It’s almost impossible to get grazing on the ground that season.”

“There’s difficulty in being flexible or responsive to unexpected annual variabilities – things like drought or productive years and also unexpected conditions like wildfire,” Wollstein explains of the topdown approach public rangeland management utilizes.

In 2017, the BLM announced the OutcomeBased Grazing Authorization (OBGA) program to offer a more flexible and collaborative approach to grazing authorizations.

“The goals of outcome-based grazing are to decrease the response time to real-time resource conditions and work collaboratively with the multitude of rangeland stakeholders to achieve desired ecological, social and economic conditions,” says Wollstein.

“OBGAs are being piloted in six western states with the idea that the BLM and a permittee mutually identify and agree upon goals for reduced fire risk, invasive annuals, improved wildlife habitat and perennial abundance on allot-

For more information on outcome-based grazing, visit partnersinthesage.com/ outcome-based-grazing or blm.gov/ basic/programs-natural-resourcesrangelands-and-grazing-livestockgrazing-outcome-based-grazing.

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ments,” Wollstein explains.

Barriers to collaboration OBGAs suggest more flexibility is built into permits as they come up for renewal. In Wollstein’s study, she explores the formal and informal barriers and practices guiding interactions between the BLM and its permittees.

Wollstein explains formal barriers are things recognized as solid and enforceable rules such as grazing regulations, while informal barriers are less tangible, like beliefs about resource management.

“Together they create perceptions of barriers to using outcome-based management to manage fire risk,” she says.

“There is a misalignment between the BLM and permitees’ beliefs on how resources should be managed and how fire risk should be dealt with,” says Wollstein.

“I asked permittees what they would like to be doing that they feel like they can’t.

Permittees wanted to be able to graze within two years following wildfires,” Wollstein shares. “But, BLM follows a very formal process regarding post-fire rehab.”

In this study, the BLM shares grazing would negatively impact the rehabilitation after the fire but permitees believe not grazing the allotment post-fire allows cheatgrass to invade and further increase risk of wildfire.

“They’re looking at the same piece of ground, but reacting to it differently and their beliefs about the appropriate management activities are very different,” says Wollstein.

“Things like shared experience, long-tenured staff and good relationships soften formal and informal barriers,” Wollstein says on going forward.

On the ground PH Livestock outside of Rawlins is one of the ranches participating the in OBGA program.

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PH Ranch Owner and Manager Neils Hansen says in a question and answer session with Partners in the Sage, “The Outcome program allows us to move forward with some permit changes that were already planned, while exploring what more flexibility could be added to our permits.”

Hansen continues, “We were able to show people what we were doing and why, which has allowed us to build a level of trust with the BLM.” “With the changes we see in our year-to-year weather, day-to-day mar-

“When we have active grazing and keep the fuels trimmed down, we don’t have huge fires like we are experiencing today.” – Neils Hansen kets and government policies, a business needs to be able to react and make whatever changes are needed to stay viable,” says Hansen.

“We need to be able to react without going through a lengthy NEPA analysis or a public comment period so we can change our on or off dates or move away from an unexpected problem.”

On rangeland wildfires, Hansen says, “Runaway

fires are a perfect example of the kind of tragedy that can occur with improperly managed land. When we have active grazing and keep the fuels trimmed down, we don’t have huge fires like we are experiencing today.”

Averi Reynolds is the editor for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

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6

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

CALENDAR

Submit your events to: Editor, Wyoming Livestock Roundup, P.O. Box 850, Casper, WY, 82602, or e-mail to roundup@wylr.net.

EVENTS July 17-26 July 20 July 21-25 July 21-25 July 21-Aug. 1 July 22-25 July 23-Aug. 1 July 24-July 31 July 24-Aug. 1 July 24-Aug. 1 July 24-Aug. 2 July 24-Aug. 2 July 25-Aug. 1 July 25-Aug. 1 July 25-Aug. 2 July 27 July 27-Aug. 2 July 27-Aug. 3 July 30

Teton County Fair, Jackson, Teton County Fairgrounds. Visit tetoncountyfair.com for more information.

Wyoming Agriculture and Natural Resources Mediation Board Meeting, 10 a.m. Zoom. For more information, contact Lucy Pauley at 307777-8788 or lucy.pauley@wyo.gov.

Days of 76, Deadwood, S.D. Visit daysof76.com for more information.

Park County Fair, Powell, Park County Fairgrounds. Visit parkcountyfair. com for more information.

Albany County Fair, Laramie, Albany County Fairgrounds. Visit albanycountyfair.org for more information.

Sublette County Fair, Big Piney, Sublette County Fairgrounds. Visit sublettecountyfair.com for more information.

Uinta County Fair, Evanston, Uinta County Fairgrounds. Visit uintacountyfair.org for more information.

Weston County Fair, Newcastle, Weston County Fairgrounds. Visit westoncountyfair.com for more information.

Niobrara County Fair, Lusk, Niobrara County Fairgrounds. Visit niobraracounty.org for more information. SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Platte County Fair, Wheatland, Platte County Fairgrounds. Visit plattecountyfair.org for more information.

Campbell County Fair, Gillette, Cam-Plex Event Center. Visit ccgov.net for more information.

Johnson County Fair, Buffalo, Johnson County Fairgrounds. Visit johnsoncountyfairgrounds.com for more information.

Fremont County Fair, Riverton, Fremont County Fairgrounds. Visit fremontcountyfair.org for more information.

Washakie County Fair, Worland, Washakie County Fairgrounds. Call 307-347-8989 for more information.

Crook County Fair, Sundance, Crook County Fairgrounds. Visit crookcofair.com for more information.

Weston County Youth Mini Rodeo, 6:30 p.m. Newcastle, Weston County Fairgrounds. For more information, visit Weston County Mini Roughstock Rodeo Association on Facebook.

Big Horn County Fair, Basin, Big Horn County Fairgrounds. Visit bighornfair.com for more information.

Sheridan County Fair, Sheridan, Sheridan County Fairgrounds. Visit sheridancounty.com for more information.

Women in Agribusiness Virtual Meet Up, 5 p.m. Zoom. Visit womeninag.com for more information and to RSVP.

SALES July 20-22 July 22 July 25 July 27-31 Aug. 4-5 Aug. 15 Aug. 17-18 Aug. 17-21 Aug. 23 Aug. 24-25 Aug. 28-29

Northern Livestock Video Auction Summertime Classic, 866-6165035, northernlivestockvideo.com Big Iron Auctions Unreserved Online Auction, Frontline Land Co., LLC, Torrington, 800-937-3558, bigiron.com South Dakota Sheep Growers Association Premium Yearling Ewe Sale, Magness Livestock Auction, Huron, S.D., 406-581-7772, sdsheepgrowers.org Superior Livestock Auction Video Royale XXVIII, Winnemucca, Nev., 800-422-2117, superiorlivestock.com Cattle Country Video Oregon Trail Classic, Gering Civic Center, Gering, Neb., 888-322-8853, cattlecountryvideo.com Horse Sale, Big Horn Basin Livestock Auction, Worland, 307-431-1226, 307-272-3743 Western Video Market, Little America, Cheyenne, 530-347-3793, wvmcattle.com Superior Livestock Auction Big Horn Classic, Sheridan, 800-4222117, superiorlivestock.com Ranchers Quarter Horse Breeders Association Sale, Besler’s Cadillac Ranch, Belle Fourche, S.D., 605-347-3294, 605-993-3256, rqhba.com Northern Livestock Video Auction Early Fall Preview, 866-616-5035, northernlivestockvideo.com 2020 League of Legends Invitational Horse Sale, Heart K Land & Cattle Company Arena, Livingston, Mont., 406-381-2347, turnerperformancehorses.com

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Sept. 4-6 Sept. 5 Sept. 8 Sept. 12 Sept. 15 Sept. 17

Powder River Quarter Horse Breeders Association 43rd Annual Horse Sale, Futurity & Versatility Ranch Horse Show, Broadus, Mont., 406427-5420, prqhba.com Proffit Ranch 19th Annual Labor Day Horse Sale, Diamond X Ranch, Evanston, 307-789-2474, proffitranch.com 92nd Annual Wyoming State Ram Sale, Wyoming State Fairgrounds, Douglas, 307-265-5250, 307-351-1422, wyowool.com Open Box Rafter Ranch 27th Annual Horse Sale, Rapid City, S.D., 605538-4450, rafterranch.com Western Video Market, Haythorn Ranch, Ogallala, Neb., 530-347-3793, wvmcattle.com Cattle Country Video Sandhills Roundup, Goshen County Rendezvous Center, Torrington, 888-322-8853, cattlecountryvideo.com

POSTCARD from the Past

Compiled by Dick Perue rrichardperue@gmail.com

Cross-Bred Buffalo An article in the April 4, 1895 issue of The Saratoga Sun notes: Col. Bill Root, of Laramie, has this to say concerning cross-breeding of buffalo which he shipped east to experiment on, “At the time, I shipped 20 elk to the game park of Rutherford Stuyvesant, NJ, there went with the load a fine, large, full-blooded male buffalo, for cross-breeding with Galway cattle.”

He continues, “They now have a number of these calves in their park, all of which are thriving fully as well as any of the straight-bred stock about the place.

It is stated the robe from a cross-bred Galway

This cartoon appeared in an early edition of the Ogden Standard and was displayed on the Internet.

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is far superior to that of the genuine buffalo. The hair is particularly long and glossy and from its rarity will readily bring $100 in New York City.”

An article in the June 12, 1906 Sheridan Post further praises the quality of a cross-bred robe.

C. J. (Buffalo) Jones, one of the best known characters in the West, passed through Cheyenne recently on his way to Kansas, where he goes to purchase a number of black cattle for the government ranch at Grand Canon, Utah, where he is conducting interesting experiments for the government in the domestication of the buffalo and its cross breeding with cattle, which experiments are proving

entirely successful.

He had with him a beautiful prepared skinning of the new animal produced by a second cross with the buffalo, which he calls the “Catalo.” The skin is a beautiful piece of fur, soft and silky to the touch and of deep, rich, reddish brown shading into black.

It is far superior to any buffalo or bear skin.

The animal from which it was taken, a “Catalo” he says, is the most desirable he has yet made. The meat of this animal he claims to be superior to any beef, and they grow very large, one he had just killed weighing full a ton on the hoof.

On the Internet we found an undated article

by Frank Thone, entitled “America Makes Some New Animals” which, in part, states: Charles Goodnight, a pioneer breeder of Texas, has a high estimate of the cattle-bison cross.

“They are immune from all diseases as far as I have tested them,” he states. “They are much greater in weight, eat much less and hold their flesh better under more adverse conditions. They have better meat, clear of fiber, and it never gets tough like beef. They have long and deep backs, enabling them to cut at least 150 pounds more meat than other cattle.

The great secret of producing a larger quantity of meat lay in the hump of the buffalo, which instead of being a huge lump of fat, the hump of the animal forms the upper cut of a rib roast.”

Thone adds the name of the final product of the cross-breeding of cattle and bison in itself a cross “Catalo.” Catalo here in the West are better known as Beefalo.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

GRIZZLY continued from page 1 long time,” Glover further explains.

She points out the regulatory process for reintroducing grizzlies in the Cascades started in 2015.

“Through it all, NCBA and PLC focused on supporting our local affiliates,” Glover states. “These ranchers and producers said they did not want to see grizzly bears reintroduced into their community.”

She continues, “Really what this announcement comes down to is the cattlemen, sheep producers and community were able to stir up enough opposition, and the science didn’t support reintroduction, so ultimately DOI made the call that grizzly bears will not be reintroduced in the north Cascades, which is really good news.”

Wide-spread impacts When asked about the wide-spread impacts of the reintroduction of grizzlies into the Cascades, Glover says it really comes down to science.

“As part of this investi-

gation, DOI had to partake in an environmental analysis, meaning they had to conduct an environmental impact statement to analyze the ecology, socioeconomics and public safety if they were to reintroduce bears, and all of that fleshed out to say it didn’t make sense to reintroduce them to the area,” she explains.

She notes this is playing out in other populations across the U.S. “Also in the news was the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) population of grizzly bears, which has been quite controversial and often litigated over the past few years,” she states. “This is a similar ecosystem in that there are bears and other predators, like wolves, interfaced in high mountain communities.”

In her GYE population example, Glover points out Idaho had a record number of large animal depredation investigations and confirmations last year.

“Similarly, Montana and

Wyoming producers saw significant impacts as well,” she states. “And, we aren’t just talking about animal deaths.

We are also talking about livestock stress, downed fences and some pretty significant resource limitations due to high densities of these predators.”

She continues, “We are talking about hundreds of thousands of dollars of livestock losses in lost animals and lost yield, as well as millions of dollars that have been allotted to depredation payments and control methods.”

“Therefore, to have the decision that DOI is not going to cause these problems, instead it is stepping away from some of these reintroduction plans, I can’t explain happy how I was, not only for the ecosystem but for our ranchers and our communities as well,” she states.

Years-long fight “I want to be clear, our ranchers operate in scenarios where they deal with fires, flood and predators so they operate in pretty dangerous territory, and they are no stranger to this danger,” Glover states. “But, there is

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a problem when we are reintroducing apex predators that were not in the area for awhile.

This causes a fundamental change in that ecosystem.”

She explains this causes further problems and years of fighting. The GYE grizzly population is an example.

“The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is a really important conservation tool for large predators, as well as many other species,” she says. “We put an animal on the list, help it recover and then we are

supposed to delist it. But, take the GYE bear population, for example. Those bears have recovered and now we want to see those bears off the list, but there are litigious groups who are fighting to preserve those areas for bear management.”

“When we see how the ESA has been corrupted over time and used as a tool to lock up land, that is when it becomes a problem,” she adds.

Glover concludes, “DOI

really avoided a situation where they would have been in a years-long fight over this bear introduction. By stepping away from reintroduction, they are going to be able to focus on species that actually need protection to persist into the future. This is a really smart decision on a lot of different fronts.”

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup.

Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

NCBA responds to campaign Members of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) stated on July 14 they are disappointed by the release of Burger King’s #CowsMenu campaign.

“The nation’s burger restaurants can, and many of them do, play a vital role in helping improve beef’s sustainability and reducing its environmental footprint,” NCBA said in a press release. “Unfortunately, Burger King has chosen a different path, relying on kitschy imagery that misrepresents basic bovine biology and on the potential impact of a single ruminant nutrition study that was so small and poorly conceived, it was dismissed by many leading non-governmental organizations and beef industry experts.”

“The U.S. is already a leader in sustainable beef production. The Environmental Protection Agency attributes only two percent of greenhouse gas emissions to the American cattle industry, and yet, cattle farmers and ranchers remain committed to continuous improvement and producing beef more sustainably,” NCBA added.

The association continued, “America’s cattle producers are disappointed Burger King has decided to follow a path that is misaligned with those who are already making real-world efforts to reduce beef’s environmental footprint, opting instead to score easy points with consumers by launching a misleading public relations campaign.”

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

11

CROSSWORD

Wyoming Livestock Roundup Crosswords, created by Myles Mellor. Solution available in next week's Roundup. Mail your complete crossword to Wyoming Livesock Roundup, PO Box 850, Casper, WY 82602 for a special prize!

Across 1 One who shoes horses 5 Male hens 8 Glacier material 9 Put up for sale to the highest bidder 10 Help message, abbr.

11 Wyoming native wildflowers 13 Partner in the old West 14 Pretty flower that is poisonous to sheep 17 In the event that 19 Now ___ then 20 Mouthpiece for a horse 23 Movable barriers in fences 24 Ferocious, like a grizzly bear 26 University of Wyoming mascot,

2 words 28 Close friend 30 “I” problem 31 Make a purchase 32 Sod 33 Horse pace

Down 1 Insects regarded as essential pollinators 2 Rushes in a river 3 Neighboring state to Wyoming, abbr.

4 Log 5 Goes to the top of Grand Teton

for example 6 Oil source 7 Large beef quantities 11 Ranch employees 12 Exist 13 Lodgepole, for example 14 Mountain cabin material 15 Hiking trail 16 A guy’s 18 Farm operation that finishes cattle

for harvesting for meat 21 Broken, as a bronco 22 Wyoming city 25 Not completely closed 26 Stocky horse 27 Bit in a feedbag 29 Back when

FAIR continued from page 1

’ shows for the kids to complete their projects.”

Hasenack showcases youth leadership in Teton County Senior 4-H member

Ryley Hasenack says she is grateful the community found a way to make the fair happen. This year Ryley is showing her two lambs, Minnie and Mouse, and bringing a Citizenship Static Project.

“Ryley is an exemplary 4-H member and leader in her club. She has been a huge help to new families and younger members,” says Owings.

Ryley has served as the president of the Sheep Club for the last two years.

For more information about the Teton County Fair, visit tetoncountyfair.com

DRY continued from page 1 stretch our pasture.”

Therefore, Wilke doesn’t recommend feeding protein cubes or putting out protein lick tubs to cows on dry pasture.

Instead, she references research at UNL, which has shown mixing wet distillers’ grains and poor quality forage or crop residues can replace some grass consumption, although it will likely not result in a pound-forpound intake replacement of grass.

“The research shows this mixture gives us 0.22 pounds of grass on a dry matter basis to replace grazing forage, so the more bulky roughage we can put in, the closer we will be to a one-to-one ratio replacement,” she explains Sourcing feed Although many ethanol plants were shut down due to COVID-19, resulting in a shortage of by product distillers’ grains, most of the plants are back up and running at 80 to 100

percent capacity, according to Wilke.

“Summer is not usually a time when feedlots are using a large supply of distillers’ grains and because of the bottleneck in the feedlot sector, there isn’t a lot of distillers’ being used in feedlots,” explains Wilke. “Now might be a really good time for producers who know they are going to be short on grass to buy some distillers’ grains.”

Wilke also notes UNL research has shown planting annual forages behind irrigated wheat is a really good option for fall forage and points out this year might be a perfect opportunity for producers who are able to do it.

Feeding in confinement Another option producers may have when navigating a hot, dry summer is feeding their cattle in confinement, which doesn’t always mean keeping them in a dry lot, according to Wilke.

In fact, she notes instead of lots, producers might confine their cattle to pivot cor-

While in-person meetings were unable to take place, Ryley traveled to young or new members who are showing lambs to help with showing and showmanship along with feeding and lamb health questions.

“The 4-H community is a really cool group,” says Ryley. “We all share similar values, and we are all working to better our community and ourselves.”

Ryley shares seeing her personal growth and the growth of those around her is one of the most rewarding aspects of participating in the program.

Ryley is heading to Colorado State University to pursue a degree in equine science on the pre-

vet track.

Teton County Fair schedule of events 4-H Fabric and Fashion Judging takes place Monday, July 20 at 8 a.m., followed by the Fashion Review and Awards and a quilting presentation at 7 p.m.

Tuesday, July 21 is chalk-full of 4-H horse events starting with showmanship at 8 a.m. and followed by performance classes, trail classes, speed events and awards.

The Small Animal Show is also July 21 starting at 11 a.m. and featuring the Rabbit and Poultry Shows followed by the 4-H Cat Show.

The Lamb and Goat Shows start 3 p.m. on Wednesday, July 22. Spec-

ners, fallow ground or feed ground they don’t use until calving.

“There are a lot of places producers can create makeshift confinement settings without putting their cattle out on dry pastures or putting them in a lot,” she says.

“We can string a hot fence on one side, drive a truck down it and shoot our supplemental feed underneath.”

She notes if producers consider this option, they need to make sure there is plenty of bunk space for both the cows and calves and limit feed, so they can’t eat as much as they want.

“There needs to be at least two feet of bunk space for each cow and another foot for every calf,” she says.

Wilke says early weaning options may also be option, and for those producers who don’t like the idea of early weaning, creep feeding their calves is another good practice.

Rebreeding considerations For late spring-calved pairs turned out with a bull, Wilke reminds producers to be aware of how cows’ plane of nutrition impacts their production and breed back.

“This might be a little bit of a sticky situation this year since heat and lack of moisture shut the grass down,” she notes. “However, even in years we thought were decent, we have had breed back issues in May calving herds, especially in young cows.”

Therefore, she believes supplementing these cattle will keep them in a high or increasing plane of nutrition and have a positive effect on conception rate.

She comments, “Every producer needs a drought plan. They need to know which cows or yearlings are going to town if they don’t get rain or are short of grass by a specified date.

When they get down to the core herd they don’t want to get rid of, I encourage them to visit with Extension personnel, put together some diet options and then evaluate whether feeding those cows makes more sense than culling them.”

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

tators can catch the 4-H Swine Show on Thursday, July 23 starting at 10 a.m.

The fair is rounded out on Friday, July 24 with the Beef Show beginning at 8 a.m. The 4-H Livestock Auction will follow the Beef Show starting at 5 p.m.

“We do our best to consider the needs and health of buyers at the sale,” says Owings on changes to the 4-H Livestock Auction.

“Our sale generates many donations of animals for the community,” says Owings. “The traditional and community focus of the fair and sale this year should bring more awareness to all the community does to support each other.”

Averi Reynolds is the editor for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

Helping hands – As president of the Teton County Lamb Club, Ryley hosts days at her home to shear lambs and help teach younger members.

Growing through 4-H – Community-based growth and development is a rewarding part of participating in 4-H.

12

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 12 • July 18, 2020

It’s the Pitts

by Lee Pitts

The Big (Rotten) Apple Big cities give me the creeps. As a kid from a small town who hadn’t seen much of the world, I had what I presumed to be a panic attack one time in San Diego and left the supposedly serene city at 2:30 a.m. because the noise and activity were driving me crazy. Cars backfiring, Jake brakes braking, sirens singing, airplanes landing, fog horns and TV’s blaring and phones ringing through the thin walls of the cheap motel I was staying in.

It sounded like a chorus made up of a dozen heaving horses, a pack of coyotes and a howler monkey from the San Diego Zoo trying to pass a gallstone. I left skid marks in the parking lot leaving that stinkin’ landfill gone wrong.

I’ve self-diagnosed myself as an urbanaphobiac, and I’ve been this way since birth. I get anxious in unfamiliar settings and claustrophobic in any elevator with myself and more than one suitcase in it. I hate big cities so much, I haven’t been in a city of over 50,000 in over

five years.

I first knew I had this phobia as a kid when I went into town on a day the elderly got their Social Security checks, which caused a riot in the bunion and laxative aisle of the drugstore. I barely made it out of there alive.

I take no pleasure in admitting I’ve been to all 10 of the largest cities in this country, and I know this will come as a shock to their economies and Chambers of Commerce, but I don’t have plans to ever return.

Easily, the worst of the 10 was New York City. You must understand, I live in such a quiet place that I can hear the clock ticking in the neighbor’s house 100 yards away, so the cacophony of New York City was an assault on my senses.

The writer O’Henry hit the nail on the head when he said, “If ever there was an aviary overstocked with jays, it is that Yaptown-on-theHudson called New York.”

Not that I wasn’t warned.

I was told by my more urbane

g n i l ff

and urban friends to: (1) never smile in the Big Apple because the muggers might see the gold in my teeth and abduct me, (2) leave my good watch at home, (3) don’t carry a wallet in my back pocket or my front pocket either, (4) always carry 15 bucks in cash to give the pickpockets and muggers because they have a minimum wage law for crooks in NYC, (5) don’t go in the subway after dark or before dark for that matter and (6) make a list of all my credit cards so I could cancel them immediately after they’re stolen.

I’ve been in the (rotten) Big Apple three times. The first two were going and coming to visit my brother at West Point. I got on a bus at a Hellhole called the Port Authority Bus Station, which had more muggers per capita than the wild cow milking at a ranch rodeo. I left for home through LaGuardia Airport where the folks were as cordial as a pen of bucking bulls at the PBR. I went once more to NYC after my wife and I were married because I thought I wanted to see a play on Broadway, but we left after being there for only an hour and I vow in the future, the closest I’ll ever come to being on Broadway is visiting the auction market in Amarillo on Manhattan Street.

I read 40 percent of New Yorkers are foreign born, and I think the other 60 percent came from New Jersey,

PARCHED? For drought, ranch, range and other ag topics, visit UW Extension online www.uwyo.edu/uwe

which explains why I didn’t understand a single word the entire time I was there. As far as I’m concerned, they can put up a five-wire fence around the place, make it its own country called The United Nations, and require

vaccinations and a quarantine if New Yorkers ever want to leave and rejoin humanity.

If I recall my U.S. history, the original Pilgrim real estate developers paid the Native Americans $24 worth of junk jewelry for the land

upon which New York City now sits. Conventional thinking says the Native Americans got snookered, but I bet if you offered it back to them for the same money today they’d laugh in your face and decline the deal.

RIVERTON LIVESTOCK AUCTION Market Report, Tuesday, July 14, 2020 - No Sale Do you like the IDEA of locally grown HIGH QUALITY FOOD? Processed locally?

Supporting your economy?

Buying Wholesale?

Supporting your YOUTH? Processing & transportation arranged!!! VERY EASY!!

If you answered YES, please attend the Fremont County 4-H Sale on August 1, 2020 at 10:00 AM!!

Steers, Hogs, Lambs & Goats available.

SURROUNDING COUNTY 4-H SALES Big Horn 7/31/20 6:30 PM • Carbon 8/7/20 1:00 PM • Hot Springs 7/31/20 7:00 PM • Lincoln 8/8/20 10:00 AM Natrona 7/11/20 9:00 AM • Park 7/25/20 1:00 PM • Sublette 7/25/20 1:30 PM • Sweetwater 8/1/20 2:00 PM Teton 7/24/20 5:00 PM • Washakie 8/1/20 2:00 PM

Thank You to all of our surrounding counties!! Best of luck to all the participants!!

Please attend YOUR LOCAL SALE!!

Early Consignments

TUESDAY, JULY 21 ALL CATTLE CLASSES W/ SHEEP & HORSES START TIME 9:30 AM W/ SHEEP & WEIGH UPS Chris & Channing Dunlavy - 40 Blk Running Age Pairs. Big calves @ side. Exposed back to Blk Ang bulls to calve Jan/Feb. Fancy!

TUESDAY, JULY 28 - No sale TUESDAY, AUGUST 4 ALL CATTLE CLASSES W/ 4-H RESALE • START TIME 9:30 AM W/ WEIGH UPS

TUESDAY, AUGUST 11 - No sale TUESDAY, AUGUST 18 ALL CATTLE CLASSES W/ 4-H RESALE & SHEEP & HORSES START TIME 9:30 AM W/ SHEEP & WEIGH UPS

TUESDAY, AUGUST 25 - No sale TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1 ALL CATTLE CLASSES • START TIME 9:00 AM W/ WEIGH UPS

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8 LABOR DAY FEEDER SPECIAL • START TIME 9:00 AM W/ WEIGH UPS

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15

CALF & YEARLING SPECIAL • START TIME 9:00 AM W/ WEIGH UPS

uwyo.edu/uwe • uwext@uwyo.edu Other questions? Ask an expert at http://bit.ly/wyo-expert.

Contact: Riverton Livestock Auction (307) 856-2209; Jeff Brown (307) 850-4193 • Tom Linn (307) 728-8519 Mark Winter (580) 747-9436 www.rivertonlivestock.com also watch our live cattle auction at www.cattleusa.com

1490 South 8th Street East • Riverton, WY 82501 (307) 856-2209