Roundup for 11.28.2020

Volume 32 Number 31 • November 28, 2020

®

The Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers and AgriBusiness Community • www.wylr.net

A Look Inside Herbicide resistance research and applications explained by Jeremiah Vardiman..... page A4 Beef production technology has the ability to provide added value............................ page B3 M. bovis control in feedlots relies on three different components............................ page B6

Quick Bits New Taskforce The Wyoming Game and Fish Commission announced the formation of a new taskforce, which will study toppriority wildlife issues. The group, called the Wyoming Wildlife Taskforce, will be chaired by Commission President Pete Dube and has seats reserved for the public to serve on the group. Anyone interested in joining is asked to submit a letter of interest with details on their background and the contributions they would bring to the committee. Up to three supporting documents will be accepted.

All materials must be submitted by Dec. 10 via e-mail to meghan.lockwood@wyo.gov.

WWA discusses resiliency in Wyoming's water workforce On Oct. 22, during the second day of the Wyoming Water Association’s (WWA) annual meeting and seminar, themed “Risk, Resiliency and Readiness,” the association dove into issues surrounding Wyo-

ming’s water workforce.

“Ensuring Wyoming has access to the water resources needed for businesses, agriculture industries, recreation, cities and towns is our top priority.

We all depend on water to

be safe to drink and clean to irrigate our crops,” stated Jodee Pring, WWA’s first vice president. “Behind all of these water activities are skilled workers who are part of the water sector workforce.”

Pring noted this workforce is responsible for operating and maintaining Wyoming’s water. However, a major challenge facing the state is the staff shortage in the water Please see WWA on page A8

RANCHING WITH WOLVES

Western Wyoming rancher shares experience raising livestock in dangerous wilderness Western Wyoming Rancher Cat Urbigkit shared the continuous cycle of ranching with wolves and other large predators at the Wyoming Women’s Ag Symposium Nov. 13 in Casper. Urbigkit utilizes livestock guardian dogs to protect her family’s cattle and sheep herds, and has traveled throughout Europe, Asia and Africa to learn about guardian dog use with livestock in different cultures.

Urbigkit’s family ranch is located three miles from the Bridger Wilderness, just outside of the Trophy Game Area. Since the wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park, wolves have expanded their range and territories. She says in the last 10 years, wolves have been showing up on their place, but it wasn’t until five or six years ago they began to take Please see WOLVES on page A5

Soy Futures January soybean futures prices are currently trading at oversold levels as the contract flirts with the $12 bushel benchmark. Dry weather concerns in South America continue to fuel worries over global supply and potential demand rationing. January soybeans surged ahead 15.75 cents per bushel on Nov. 23 to $11.9675. March soybeans added 15.5 cents per bushel to also land at $11.9675. December soymeal futures followed suit, rising $5 per ton past the $400 per ton benchmark to $401.40. December soyoil futures found additional support from shrinking palm oil production in Malaysia, rising 40 cents per pound to $39.06.

Corn Prices Corn futures followed soybeans’ lead as higher, with underlying strength coming from tightened supply estimates and steady usage rates. December corn futures rose 5.75 cents per bushel to $4.29. March 2021 futures added 6.25 cents per bushel to $4.345.

Cattle Report November’s Cattle on Feed Report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture found few surprises as the nation’s herd continues to rebuild following September lows. As of Nov. 1, cattle and calves on feed amounted to 12 million head, up 1% from a year prior and setting a new record for November cattle inventory volumes.

Dangerous territory - Livestock production in large predator habitat can take a toll on everyone involved. Hannah Bugas photo

Trade update AFBF provides update on U.S. trade relations during WyFB’s annual meeting On Nov. 12-14, the Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation (WyFB) held their 101st annual meeting in Casper. Several individuals from the American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF) joined the meeting virtually to address attendees.

On the first day of the meeting, AFBF Senior Director of Congressional Relations Dave Salmonson tuned in to provide an update on U.S. trade relations.

“Trade is something AFBF policy has long supported,” Salmonson stated.

“Expanding our marketing opportunities through good trade agreements is something we want to see happen and will continue working towards.”

A phased approach To begin the conversation, Salmonson first discussed the Trump administration’s unprecedented phased approach to many of the trade agreements they made happen during the past year.

“The U.S. is used to making comprehensive trade agreements. This would include over 30 different chapters on all kinds of complicated trade rules, and they took five or more Please see WyFB on page A5

WACD presents awards On the second day of the Wyoming Association of Conservation District’s (WACD) 75th Annual Convention, held Nov. 17-18, WACD hosted an award ceremony to honor hard working individuals, outstanding youth and notable county conservation districts.

To begin the ceremony, WACD recognized individual county conservation districts for their annual plans and reports.

The Sublette County Conservation District received the award for the 2020-21 Outstanding Annual Plan, while Niobrara County Conservation District received Honorable Mention. Teton County Conservation District was awarded the Outstanding 2019-20 Annual Report and Sublette County Conservation District received Honorable Mention.

Next, WACD recognized the 2020 Conservation Poster Contest Award winners.

Elana Robinson of the Saratoga, Encampment and Rawlins Conservation District won the award in the kindergarten through first grade division. In the second through third grade division, Flint Ostrander of the Converse County Conservation District received the recognition and Abigail Ostrander, also of Converse County, received the award for the fourth through sixth grade division.

Converse County’s Ava Ostrander was awarded for the seventh through ninth grade division and Sadie Wood of the Lower Wind River Conservation District Please see WACD on page A4

Survey shows high public approval “Americans have a high level of trust in farmers, and they understand we’re committed to protecting the soil, air and water,” said American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF) President Zippy Duvall. “We want to leave the land better than we found it for our children and grandchildren, as well as our nation.”

AFBF recently conducted a national public opinion poll of 2,200 U.S. adults, finding a majority of those surveyed regard sustainability practices in agriculture positively.

Current approval “We recently conducted a survey to gauge the public’s perceptions of farmers

and ranchers and their sustainability practices. What we found is more than half of the adults, 58 percent, rate the sustainability of farmers positively,” explained AFBF Chief Economist John Newton “We have broad agreement adults across demographic groups trust farmers.”

Nearly nine in 10 adults, or 88 percent, of those surveyed trust farmers, up four percent from similar polls in June. This increase could be attributed to members of the public recognizing farmers and ranchers were not behind food supply chain challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The poll results also state Americans

periodical

periodical

Please see POLL on page A7

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

Fun Time Of The Year

As you read this column following Thanksgiving, our thoughts turn toward Christmas. Over Thanksgiving, we focused on being thankful for what we have, which has been challenging this year for those of us who watch or read the news.

From the But, now is the time to move on, even if Publisher we have to do it with a mask on.

Dennis Sun

It is during this time in our businesses we look for trends, preferably positive trends. I guess every negative trend, might be a positive trend for someone else. The high cost of hay is a negative trend for some, but for those selling hay it is positive.

The same goes for the current horse markets. We all wish we had a corral full of good breakaway horses for sale and weren't looking for a good ranch horse at a reasonable cost.

The Christmas season has started. We now reflect on the Christ in Christmas, wide-eyed children around a Christmas tree surrounded by colorful packages and hopefully, putting off any negative thoughts until after the first of the new year. It is the time of the year to dream of prime rib and leg of lamb roasts.

For those in the beef business, the latest CattleFax Update has some positive tones. Lance Zimmerman wrote, “The wholesale beef market has exceeded all reasonable expectations during its fall rally. The daily U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) composite boxed beef cutout was lifeless at its lows on Oct. 30 at $203 per hundredweight (cwt). Yet, three weeks later it has gained $31 and continues to push toward the fall 2019 highs at $238 per cwt.”

I would guess this shows the high demand at the retail sector. We feel for the food service sector as restaurant’s are being limited in number of customers and hours. With many people trying fake meat products we hope they will come back to real meat.

We hope people control their fears of running out of toilet paper, paper towels and meat products. We also hope there will be no beef and lamb processing plant shutdowns due to the pandemic. This would really hurt us all, not to mention meat consumers.

We realize the cost of gain will rise as the price of corn has risen lately, but we hope as more consumers are staying home again, they will keep the demand for beef and lamb strong.

Consumer and export demand are keys to a healthy American beef and lamb market. These two factors have to stay strong because they are so important to the beef and lamb producers.

Those from Wyoming and across this great land, need to wish Sen. Mike Enzi a huge thank you on his 23 years as Wyoming senator. We realize the quiet manner of Enzi and his accountant background accounted for his many successes in the U.S. Senate.

Enzi got the job done with his ability to communicate across the aisle to gain support. He was a major force on the Budget Committee and many other committees involving finance, health, taxes, education and labor. Enzi believed people can agree on 80 percent of the issues 80 percent of the time, and if they leave the other 20 percent out, they can get a lot done. He did just that.

Both Enzi and his wife Diana are wonderful, nice people who care for others. We wish them both good times in their future, and we can’t say thank you enough for all they have done.

GUEST OPINIONS With Everyone Aboard, We Can Get Through This

By Mike Moser and Chris Brown In June, we penned an editorial asking Wyomingites to take precautions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 so Wyoming businesses can remain open.

Although many sectors of the economy have been negatively affected by the pandemic, some of the businesses we are honored to represent, including restaurants, bars, lodging and clubs, have taken among the worst of the economic damage.

There is only one way to avoid additional restrictions in Wyoming. Start voluntarily. Those who don’t want to wear face masks and practice social distancing for themselves should do it for others.

Although we have a number of counties mandating mask usage, compliance with those health orders is often spotty at best. We do not want to force elected officials and health professionals to take additional action, but our carelessness may force their hand, at

either a county or statewide level.

We had anticipated five months ago the likelihood of a second wave of COVID-19. We were wrong. This isn’t a wave, it’s a tsunami. And this tsunami threatens to engulf many of those businesses that have managed to survive thus far as well as the wellbeing and lives of our fellow Wyomingites.

Wyoming has thus far been fortunate by having some of the fewest restrictions in the country. Put into perspective, 35 states, in addition to the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, currently require people to wear face coverings in public statewide, according to a list maintained by AARP. Utah and North Dakota joined the list in recent days and more are sure to follow.

Although we have fewer restrictions than the significant majority of states, the negative impact on Wyoming businesses and our employees

is greater due to the high percentage of small businesses, particularly in the hospitality industry. Many of those businesses are holding on by a thread and will not survive another shut down.

Although we understand the possibility of further restrictions in this COVID-19 tsunami, we don’t want to see it happen.

Perhaps some individuals feel masks and social distancing are unnecessary. We suppose, this decision is their right. But, we represent industries whose employees have been taking precautions for months now, including wearing face masks every shift.

We want to keep our businesses, and our employees want to keep their jobs. Please help them do so.

Follow the safety guidelines for most wait staff who need their job to keep food on the table for their kids, for the clubs, which

includes veteran’s organizations, who are struggling to keep the lights on and for the bar or restaurant owner who sees the spike in COVID-19 cases and knows they can’t make it through another shutdown.

In closing, we thank everyone for their business. Whether it’s takeout, a socially-distanced restaurant meal or a beer with friends, we deeply appreciate Wyoming’s support for our small businesses.

Just one major thing – face masks and social distancing aren’t nearly as oppressive as businesses closing and employees losing jobs. We’re looking toward the finish line when a widespread vaccine will come available. But for now, please help us stay in business.

Mike Moser is the executive director of the Wyoming State Liquor Association and Chris Brown is the executive director of the Wyoming Lodging and Restaurant Association.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

NEWS BRIEFS Health orders announced In response to rising cases of COVID-19 and increasing strains on medical facilities, Gov. Mark Gordon announced additional statewide measures to help slow the spread of COVID-19, ease the pressure on Wyoming’s healthcare system and preserve the viability of the state’s economy. The new health orders took effect Nov. 24.

The updated health orders include a change to Health Order Number Two, which limits indoor and outdoor gatherings to 25 persons or fewer without restrictions. If physical distancing measures are employed, gatherings for indoor events are limited to 25 percent of venue capacity with a maximum of 100 people. Gatherings for outdoor events are limited to 50 percent of venue capacity with a maximum of 250 people.

Faith-based gatherings are exempt. Church services, funeral homes, parades and other specified businesses are some of the other exemptions to the gathering limits listed in the new orders. There are no changes to operations of K-12 schools, child care facilities, restaurants and performance spaces, which are addressed in Health Order Number One. Group workout classes at gyms will also be limited to 25 participants.

The governor has also announced the state is providing additional support to Wyoming hospitals to address the surge in COVID-19 hospitalizations, including resources from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Wyoming National Guard and traveling medical staff.

The new orders remain in effect until Dec. 15 and may be revised earlier if needed. The orders can be found at covid19. wyo.gov/governors-orders.

FMSCA announces IFR The Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) published an interim final rule (IFR) clarifying agricultural commodity and livestock definitions in hours-of-service (HOS) regulations Nov. 19.

Unfortunately, the revised definition of what constitutes a “non-processed” food product paves the way for inconsistent roadside enforcement for transporters of beef and meat products. The agency defines “non-processed food” to mean food commodities in a raw or natural state and not subjected to significant post-harvest changes to enhance shelf life.

The IFR also states, “It is difficult to determine precisely the point at which food commodities are no longer ‘non-processed,’” and “Some degree of enforcement discretion must be expected in determining whether the exemption applies.”

“For several years, the United States Cattlemen's Association (USCA) has specifically requested FMCSA provide clear, consistent regulatory definitions for transporters of live animals and/or beef,” commented USCA Transportation Committee Chairman Steve Hilker. “Both are highly perishable commodities, and the lack of clarity surrounding these definitions has held up numerous drivers over the years facing errant roadside enforcement.”

“The IFR issued today actually made current HOS regulations stricter, as it excludes frozen foods from current exemptions,” he continued. “There is no way for a driver to prove a load they are carrying in a refrigerated truck is not frozen without risking rejection of the load by breaking the seal and opening the boxed meat.”

The IFR can be found at fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/ hours-service/hours-service-drivers-definition-agriculturalcommodity-0.

CROSSWORD Wyoming Livestock Roundup Crosswords, created by Myles Mellor.

Solution for the November 21, 2020 crossword

Meeting agenda available Speakers representing ranching, agencies, local government and research will discuss management efforts in the Thunder Basin during the virtual Wyoming Section of the Society for Range Management (SRM) meeting Dec. 3-4.

Students will also compete in the organization’s annual competitions Dec. 3 including plant identification, extemporaneous speaking and the Undergraduate Range Management Exam (URME).

“The URME contest has been adjusted to make it a more interactive and engaging process in the virtual format, and it will include two scenario-based questions,” said Derek Scasta, University of Wyoming Extension range management specialist and Wyoming SRM Section presidentelect. “On Dec. 4, we will then spend an hour with ranchers and agency representatives discussing these questions.”

College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Dean Barbara Rasco will present an update from the college.

Information about invasive winter annual grass research, the Wyoming Prescribed Fire Council and Wyoming Resource Education Days will also be provided.

Those interested in viewing must register each day. The agenda, registration and Zoom link can be found at bit.ly/ thursday-zoom-srm for Dec. 3 and bit.ly/friday-zoom-srm for Dec. 4. For more information, contact Derek Scasta at jscasta@uwyo.edu.

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Professors honored Four faculty members within the University of Wyoming College of Agriculture and Natural Resources received Top Prof honors from the Cap and Gown Chapter of Mortar Board Senior Honor Society.

Top Profs are professors who go above and beyond classroom expectations to ensure student success. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Mortar Board Top Profs are Brenda Cannon from the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Grant Bowman and Jay Gatlin from the Department of Molecular Biology and Kerry Sondgeroth from the Department of Veterinary Sciences.

“Many of the faculty expressed how, with everything going on this semester, these nominations were particularly meaningful and helped them know the work they are putting into their classes and the connections they are trying to make with their students is making a difference,” said Christine Wade, family and consumer sciences department head and Mortar Board adviser.

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Slaughter report released Highlights from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Livestock Slaughter Report were released Nov. 19. Commercial red meat production for the U.S. totaled 5.09 billion pounds in October, up slightly from the 5.07 billion pounds produced in October 2019.

Beef production, at 2.47 billion pounds was one percent above the previous year. Cattle slaughter totaled 2.95 million head, down one percent from October 2019. The average live weight was up 25 pounds from 1,385 pounds.

Veal production totaled 2.60 billion pounds. Calf slaughter totaled 37,100 head, down 33 percent from October 2019. Average live weight was up 28 pounds from the previous year at 250 pounds.

Pork production totaled 2.6 billion pounds. Hog slaughter totaled 12 million head, down two percent from October 2019.

Average live weight was up six pounds from the previous year at 291 pounds.

Lamb and mutton production, at 10.6 million pounds, was down 17 percent from October 2019. Sheep slaughter totaled 182,300 head, 11 percent below last year. Average live weight was 116 pounds, down eight pounds from a year ago.

January to October 2020 commercial red meat production was 46.1 billion pounds, up one percent from 2019.

To view the full report, visit nass.usda.gov.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

EXTENSION EDUCATION

By Jeremiah Vardiman

Part 3: Latest Research on Herbicide Resistance My last article discussed how crop selection, canopy and management contributes to a field’s overall weed management plan. Competitive crop selection and effective herbicides combined showed the best long-term weed management plan.

So, how does tillage, crop rotation and herbicides affect long-term, herbicide resistant kochia management?

The latest research from the University of Wyoming’s Plant Sciences Department explored the

impacts of tillage, crop rotation and herbicide applications on kochia density (surviving and living plants), seed production (seeds per plant) and seedbank density (seeds in soil).

Research explored tillage versus minimum tillage, four different crop rotations and three in-crop herbicide regimes within each tillage and crop rotation. Intensive tillage in the spring with a rototiller to invert the soil, comparable to plowing and disking operations, mixed the top four inches of the soil.

Soil in minimum tillage plots was only disturbed when necessary because of harvest activities, such as with sugarbeets.

The four crop rotations were continuous corn, corn-sugarbeet, corn-dry bean-corn-sugarbeet and corn-dry beansmall grain-sugarbeet.

The crops are common in Wyoming and also have diversity in canopy, planting and harvest dates.

Three in-crop herbicide regimes were applied within each tillage and crop rotation treatment.

The first was entirely ALS-inhibiting herbicides each year. The second was a tank mixture of ALSinhibiting herbicides and a second mode of action to control ALS-resistant. The last was an annual rotation of non-ALS-inhibiting herbicide one year, then ALS-inhibiting herbicides the next year.

Herbicides were chosen for the highest labeled rate within the crop and

would not cause a carryover problem for subsequent crops.

An annual spring tillage reduced kochia density better when compared to minimum tillage. Weed seeds were buried deep enough to block germination stimuli needed to trigger germination. This forces the seed to deplete energy reserves waiting for germination conditions and can kill the seed if the period is prolonged.

This management is ideal for weed species with a short-lived seed life, such as kochia, whose seed life is approximately two years.

Kochia plant densities were also the lowest in the most diverse crop rotation – corn-dry bean-small grain-sugarbeet. The two crop rotation, corn-sugarbeet, showed the greatest kochia density followed by continuous corn.

These results prove the importance of diverse crops within a crop rota-

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tion, and equally important is selecting a crop proven competitive against the desired weed species and the weed’s lifecycle. Small grains, such as wheat or barley, were the most competitive crop, whereas sugarbeets are a poor competitor against weed species like kochia.

As for the herbicide regimes overlaid on the tillage and crop rotation treatments, ALS-inhibiting herbicide tank mixtures consistently managed the lowest kochia densities. Herbicide mixtures are more effective at controlling resistant weed populations compared to yearly herbicide rotations.

Weed management programs should diversify herbicide controls every season instead of every other year.

Intensive tillage did not directly impact kochia seed production similarly to minimally tilled plots.

Tillage was early in the spring and would not have affected any surviving kochia plant’s seed production during the growing season.

The continuous corn and the four-crop rotation caused the least amount of kochia seed per plant. This indicates diversity to the crop rotation is not necessarily beneficial to weed management, and proper selection of crops within a given rotation is just as important as diversifying a crop rotation.

This is seen when the crop rotation was diversified with adding sugarbeets to the corn-sugarbeet rotation, resulting in the greatest amount of seed production per kochia plant, compared to the continuous corn – no crop rotation diversity – treatment, which had lower seed production.

Similar to the kochia density, the ALS-inhibiting herbicide tank mixtures consistently man-

aged the lowest kochia densities, while the ALSinhibitor herbicides-only treatments were the highest seed production.

Lastly, the results of the kochia seedbank density tests indicated minimally tilled plots were three to five times greater than intensively tilled plots. The four-crop rotation had the least amount of kochia seed per unit area throughout the duration of the study, whereas there was no difference between the other three crop rotation treatments.

Again, the ALS-inhibitor herbicide tank mixture resulted in the least kochia seeds within the soil seedbank. Interestingly, the annual rotation of ALS-inhibitor with non-ALS-inhibitor herbicide rotation not only was less effective at reducing the weed seedbank, but there was no significant difference in the weed seedbank when compared to the ALS-inhibitor herbicide-only treatment for the four years of the study.

So what does this mean?

Integrating a diverse weed management program for herbicide resistance kochia is advantageous. This study also demonstrates implementing diverse cultural and mechanical weed management programs effectively outweigh the benefits of only relying on a diverse chemical weed management program.

An effective longterm proactive weed management program, especially for herbicide resistant weeds, must not only control weeds above the soil surface but also reduce weed seed production and the soil weed seedbank.

Jeremiah Vardiman is a University of Wyoming agriculture and horticulture Extension Educator. He can be reached at jvardima@ uwyo.edu.

WACD continued from page A1 was awarded in the 10 th through 12 th grade division.

Several outstanding individuals also received honors at the event.

Mara Abbott received an award for Outstanding News Reporter, while Reva Lobatos was recognized as Teacher of the Year.

Rick and Cynthia Pallister were the recipients of the Small Acreage Cooperator Award, MK Lands received the Outstanding Cooperator Award and Dave Kimble was recognized as the Outstanding Technician.

Additionally, Kent Connelly received the Outstanding Elected Official Award, Tim Schroeder was the recipient of the Outstanding Conservationist Award, Dave Morneau

received the Outstanding Employee Award and Rod Rivers was recognized as the Outstanding Supervisor.

To round out the event, WACD recognized conservation district employees who received certification during 2020.

These include Sarah Anderson of the Crook County Natural Resource District, Dale Beranek of the Laramie County Conservation District, Elizabeth Ellis of the Medicine Bow Conservation District, Anna Gray of the Converse County Conservation District, Erin Hannelly of the Dubois-Crowheart Conservation District and Bridgit Helms of the Crook County Natural Resource District.

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

WOLVES continued from page A1 up residence on their ranch and grazing allotments, causing problems with livestock.

“In 2016, I got a call from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department stating the game warden had seen a pack of six wolves on the property,” says Urbigkit.

“I decided to forego grazing in the area for the year, thinking I saved my sheep.

But, I actually allowed the pack to gain a larger foothold in the area and opened the door for a really bad scenario the next year.”

For years, Urbigkit has been passionately fighting large carnivore predation on her sheep and cattle herds and sharing her story along the way.

Non-lethal deterrents “After moving my sheep and guard dogs into the area the next year,

we had running battles between the guard dogs and wolves,” she shares. “This happened almost every night for months, losing sheep along the way.”

When it comes to deterring wolves, she utilizes a range of non-lethal options, including livestock guardian dogs to protect the herd. Depending on the season and location, Urbigkit uses 15 non-lethal techniques including fencing, night penning, culling weak animals, noise makers, frequent human activity, multi-species grazing and changing bedding sites frequently.

“But, the reality is, all non-lethal methods will fail at some point,” Urbigkit states. “These deterrents help to delay the inevitable.”

Urbigkit also aggres-

WyFB continued from page A1 years to implement,” he explained.

“However, the Trump administration’s phased approach focused on a few large issues including agriculture, automobiles and other technology,” continued Salmonson. “They were executive agreements so they didn’t go through Congress, and they only took about a year and a half to come to conclusion.”

Phase One Trade Agreement One such agreement, according to Salmonson, is the Phase One Trade Agreement between the U.S. and China. This agreement took effect in mid-February and has two main components.

“The first is purchases, and the second is standards,” Salmonson stated.

In regards to purchases, Salmonson explained the agreement stated China would buy $8 billion of U.S. agricultural products over a two-year time frame, with $36 million purchased in 2020 and the remainder in 2021.

“The latest figures from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the office of the U.S. trade representative, show the U.S. has exported over $23 billion or 70 percent of what we were supposed to sell to China during this calendar year,” he said.

Salmonson noted trade with China got off to a slow start after the COVID-19 pandemic slowed down their economy. Soon after, the U.S. went into lockdown, so there wasn’t a lot of product moving in and out of either country.

“However, China seems as if they want to live up to their purchase commitments, so purchases have really improved this fall,” Salmonson said, noting many of their purchases are heavily grain oriented, centered around soybeans, sorghum and corn.

On the standards side of the deal, Salmonson explained China committed to 57 standards and has completed 50 of those so far.

“Purchases are a twoyear commitment, but changes in standards continue way beyond that,” he stated. “While things are certainly moving forward with China, there is still a lot of growth in the particular foreign market.”

USJTA Another phased trade agreement discussed by Salmonson is the U.S.Japan Trade Agreement (USJTA).

“In January, we also signed an agreement with Japan, primarily making sure the U.S. kept up with tariffs in other countries, especially those involved in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which the U.S. left in 2017,” he explained.

“With the USJTA, the U.S. will see the same import tariffs as many other countries regarding Japanese trade,” continued Salmonson. “The beef tariff, which was around 38.5 percent, is now down to 25 percent, and we will continue to see it go down to around 10 percent over the next few years.”

Salmonson noted a phase two negotiation of the USJTA is expected in the next few years.

KORUS “About two years ago, the U.S. revised and updated their trade

sively tracks predators and their activity using game cameras, GPS collars and intense calendars to mitigate damage to both her herds and her livestock guardian dogs.

Livestock guardian dogs “Feeding and managing eight to 11 dogs for one flock is a big deal,” says Urbigkit.

She explains they are very independently thinking animals, each with different reactions to situations.

“Livestock guardian dogs have different responses to their interactions with wolves,” Urbigkit notes. “Some don’t want to be guard dogs anymore after wolf encounters. Others get a chip on their shoulder and want to go at the wolves again.”

Wolves are a very highly competitive species, she says, and will work to eliminate other canines in their territory. agreement with South Korea,” Salmonson said, noting President Trump’s initial distaste for the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS).

“During the June 2017 U.S.-Korea Summit, President Trump and his Korean counterpart Moon Jae-in discussed the renegotiation of KORUS,” he continued. “Over the next few years they continued the negotiation, and on Jan. 1, 2019, the new KORUS entered into force.”

“Japan and South Korea are two of our largest beef export markets, so we are happy to have those agreements moving ahead,” he added.

Other trade agreements In addition to the U.S.-China Phase One Trade Agreement, USJTA and KORUS, Salmonson provided brief updates on a few other trade agreements and export markets.

In fact, he noted there are several issues taking place in Europe.

“The U.S. is currently trying to negotiate with the United Kingdom as they leave the European Union,” explained Salmonson.

“These negotiations have been through five rounds, and we don’t see an end to them coming anytime soon, at least on the agriculture side.”

He further noted, “Taiwan has come forward and said they would reduce some long-standing barriers on U.S. beef and pork, so we are considering a trade agreement there.”

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

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She adds she has found many areas where both wolves and her dogs were using the same scent stations to mark where their territories would overlap.

During her presentation, she shared photos of livestock guardian dogs before and after seasons of heavy wolf activity and after interactions with wolves.

Production impacts “We do a lot of different things to keep the sheep out of harms way,” says Urbigkit. “We stay in open country as much as we can, avoid pinch points and areas we expect wolves to utilize.”

Often, she says, they do not effectively utilize their grazing range and resources because of wolves.

“We are not managing for optimum range condition, but for keeping livestock alive in the presence of wolves,” she notes. “Which means we are actually managing for wolves and not for livestock.”

She explains during one night in September of 2017, she lost 16 head of sheep. Not all of those killed were eaten, and

“We are not managing for optimum range condition, but for keeping livestock alive in the presence of wolves.” – Cat Urbigkit three of her guardian dogs were injured.

“Our market lambs from that year weighed 10 pounds less than average, even after a decade of drought,” she stated.

“Other producers reported reduced conception rates and increased abortions.”

Constant predator activity also makes working livestock harder, she explains.

“Cattle want to turn and fight herding dogs because they have been harassed by wolves.

Sometimes, we have completely lost the ability to actively manage the herd,” Urbigkit adds.

Ranching with predators Urbigkit shares the impact of large carnivore depredation is not shared equally.

“Some producers run yearling cattle and might have a better year than us some years, especially when they generally don’t have cattle in predator country year-round,” she says. “But, sometimes

they have more wolf and bear depredation than we do on sheep.”

“The fact is, the livestock industry diminishes where wolves occur. One producer may avoid a portion of grazing range, while more producers give up their range completely and some go out of business,” she continues. “I’m hopeful sometime we will start to go back to having a major issue every four years like we used to. But, right now, wolves have become the coyote, as in they have become our everyday predator.”

“We live in an area of western Wyoming which has always had wolves and always will. It’s a continued cycle and something we are resigned to at this point. But, this is the cycle of what it is like to live with wolves,” she concludes.

Averi Hales is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

CLAY CREEK ANGUS OFFERING BY PRIVATE TREATY 85 Coming 2-Year-Old bulls • 120 Yearling bulls 120 Replacement Heifers

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Also utilizing other industry leaders including: Countdown • Hesston • Emulation 31 • RR Rito 707 Rito 707 of Ideal 3407 7075

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Jim & Lori French 3334 Rd. 14 • Greybull, Wyoming 82426 • 307-762-3541 www.claycreek.net • bulls@claycreek.net

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020 Torrington Livestock Markets PO Box 1097 • Torrington, WY 82240 307.532.3333 Fax: 307.532.2040

Lex Madden 307-532-1580 Michael Schmitt 307-532-1776 Chuck Petersen 307-575-4015

www.torringtonlivestock.com

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2 - FEEDER/CALF SPECIAL

FEEDERS Forshee Land & Livestock 125 Blk/Red Hfrs & Strs, 750-800#, Spayed, Branding & Precond Shots, NHTC thru IMI Global, Home Raised, Summered at 9500 ft Justin & Riki Kremers 100 Blk (10 hd of Red) Hfrs, 650-700#, PTO @ ranch, Coming off grass, Home Raised Weaned Calves Pending 230 Mx Strs & Hfrs, 475-600#, Weaned a long time, Branding & Pre-cond. Shots TJ & Tammy Farnsworth 100 Red/Blk few Rwf/Bwf Strs & Hfrs, 600-675#, Weaned 45 days, Been on Alfalfa/Triticale Hay Silage, Corn Silage, Free Choice of Emerald Mineral, Birth, Branding & Precond Shots, Strs are Knife Cut, Sired by Altenburg Red Simmentals--Red SimAngus Bulls Ann Hedges 65 Mx Strs & Hfrs, 350-500#, Weaned 45 days, Branding & Precond Shots, 1-iron, Dams: Blk Angus and Blk Gelbvieh, Sired by Diamond Peak Angus Bulls Krosier Family LP, Randy Krosier 55 Blk/Bwf/Rwf Strs, 650-700#, Branding & Precond Shots, Weaned 48 days, On Meadow Hay, American Stock Mineral SE 90/SA 55 Free Choice, Bunk Broke, Ranch Raised at 6100 ft, April-May Calves Waddle Limousin Ranch 52 Lim-Flex & Limousin (Blk few Rd) Strs & Hfrs, 550-650#, Weaned for 80 days, Grass Hay and 3# of pelleted feed, Bunk Broke,Shots at Birth: Vision 7-way, Branding & Pre-cond. Shots, No Implants, Mineral Program, Home Raised Paul Zielke 45 Blk/Bwf Strs, 550-625#, Branding & Precond Shots, Weaned 60 days, No Implants Ron Luikens 35 Blk/SimX Strs & Hfrs, 400-450#, Branding & Precond Shots, Weaned 11/12/20 Sara Travnicek 30 Blk Hfrs, 425-450#, Weaned 60 days, Running Out, Hay Fed, Branding & Pre-cond.

Shots, April/May, Sired by G Bar H, and WEBO Angus Bulls Will Montieth 30 Mx Strs, 600#, Weaned 30 days, Hay Fed, Bunk Broke, Branding & Precond Shots Vern & Carolyn Johnson 28 Strs, Weaned Oct 31st, Zoetis Precond Program, Gentle & Healthy, No Implants, All Natural Janikowski Ranch 28 Blk/Bwf Strs & Hfrs, 500#, Shots: 2 Rounds Shots, Weaned 35 days, Bunk Broke Fred & Clara Wilson 25 Blk Angus Hfrs, 575#, Weaned 30 days, Running out on Meadows, Branding & Pre-cond. Shots, Bangs Vac., Poured, No Implants, Home Raised, April Calves, All Natural, Mostly Sired by ABS Sires or grandsires P J Cattle Co. 10 Blk Angus Hfrs, 500-600#, Weaned 45+ days, Been on Calf Creep, Alfalfa/Grass Hay Mix, Branding & Precond Shots, Home Raised, Bunk Broke Dennis & Raechel Nelson 18 Blk Angus (1 Bwf) Strs, 500-550#, Weaned 30 days, Running out on grass supplemented with grass hay, Branding & Pre-cond. Shots Dennis & Raechel Nelson 13 Blk Angus Hfrs, 450-550#, Weaned 30 days, Weaned on Grass Hay, Free Choice Mineral, Branding & Pre-cond. Shots PRE-COND. CALVES Murphy Ranch Corp 260 Blk Angus Strs & Hfrs, 525-600#, 3 Rounds of Shots, High Elevation Bruchez Ranch LLC 184 Blk/Rd Strs & Hfrs, 575-650#, 3 Rounds of Shots, High Elevation Forgey Land & Livestock 60 Angus Strs & Hfrs, 550-650#, Weaned 45+days, Branding & Weaning Shots, Angus Source, Age & Sourced thru IMI Global but not NHTC or all Natural Steve Perry 3 Mx Strs, 650-750#, Branding Shots, Pre-cond. Shots CALVES 8 Bar Ranch 230 80% Blk/Bwf Strs & Hfrs, 400-600#, Branding Shots, High Elevation, Home Raised Jack Wardell/Joanette Johnson 50 Blk Strs, 500#, Branding Shots

CONNECTING AG to CLIMATE

By Windy Kelley, Northern Plains Regional Climate Hub

Recent and Current Conditions Wyoming experienced its 41st coldest and 49th driest October out of 126 years, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) database, retrieved Nov. 23.

Scaling to the county level, the table below shows October minimum temperature rankings for select counties.

The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) map for Wyoming from Nov. 19 shows nearly 96 percent of Wyoming is experiencing abnormally dry to exceptional drought conditions. Compared to Oct. 15, this is a slight decrease in area, nearly

one percent, of the state experiencing these conditions.

With this said, a portion of southern Carbon County is classified as exceptional drought, which is an increase in severity of conditions. The current USDM map can be viewed at bit.ly/2S28VTA. Eight to 14 day and one month forecasts NOAA’s eight to 14 day forecast for Dec. 1-7, made Nov. 23, is leaning toward above-normal temperatures for all of Wyoming with a 40 to 50 percent probability or chance.

For the same timeframe, there is a 40 to 50 percent probability of below-normal precipitation for all of Wyoming.

The December fore-

cast for Wyoming, made Nov. 19, indicates a 33 percent probability of above-normal temperatures for the southern half of Wyoming.

There is an equal chance of below, near or above normal temperatures for the remainder of the state.

For the same timeframe, there is a 33 percent probability of below-normal precipitation for the most southeastern corner of Wyoming and a 33 percent probability of abovenormal precipitation for the most northwestern corner of the state.

There is an equal chance of below, near or above normal precipitation for the rest of the state.

To view more NOAA forecasts, visit cpc.ncep. noaa.gov.

Windy Kelley is the regional Extension program coordinator and state specialist for the USDA Northern Plains Climate Hub, University of Wyoming Extension and WAFERx. She can be reached at wkelley1@uwyo.edu or 307367-4325.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4 - ALL CLASSES MONDAY, DECEMBER 7 - BRED COW SPECIAL COMPLETE OR PARTIAL DISPERSALS Buz Oliver 80 Blk/Red Cows, Partial Dispersal, Mostly Solid Mouth, Bred to Angus Bulls, CF: Jan 24th to April 3rd, Shots: ViraShield 6 VL5, Poured on Oct 13, ScourGuard Program except for this fall, Steer Calves weaned this fall avg. 635# BRED HEIFERS Sheldon Merritt 95 Mx Hfrs, 925-975#, Bred to Low Birth Weight Final Answer 035 Registered Blk Bulls, CF: Feb. 20 for 60 days, Spring Shots: Pyramid 5+Presponse, 8-way, Decotmax Injected Jack & Aletha Garson 40 Blk Hfrs, 3 yr olds, Bred to Blk Bulls, CF: March 1, Home Raised, High Elevation, They all raised a calf Barnes Ranch 35 SimmAngus Hfrs, 1100#, Bred to Low Birth Weight Bulls (Sons of Final Answer, Mytty In Focus Bloodlines), CF: Ultra-sound to CF: March 1st for 45 days, Spring Shots: Vista 5VL5, Covexin 8, Multimin, SafeGuard, Injectable Bimectin Plus, Been on a Mineral Program, High Altitude BRED COWS Mike Odegard 190 Blk Cows, SM-ST, Bred to Blk Bulls, CF: April 1, Spring Shots, Poured in the Fall Koehn Catfish LLC 80 Blk/Bwf few Rd Cows, SS-ST, Bred to Paintrock, Lucky 7 & Redland Blk Angus Bulls, CF: March 10 for 60 days, Run at 9000’ during the summer, Weaned 550# at end of October Barnes Ranch 20 SimmAngus Cows, SM, Bred to Blk Bulls, CF: March 1 for 45 days, Spring Shots: Vista 5VL5, Covexin 8, Multimin, Safeguard, Injectable Bimectin Plus, Been on a Mineral Program, High Altitude Rod Vineyard 15 Mx Cows, 2-3 yr olds, Bred to K-G and Powder River Angus Bulls, CF: March/April, Shots: Vira Shield 6 +VL5, Ultra Choice and Poured this fall Gran Red Angus/Larry Gran 5 Red Angus Cows, 1300#, Mx Ages, Bred to Reg. Red Angus Bulls, CF: Jan 1-March 1 SALE RESULTS - MONDAY, NOV 23 - 2066 HD Round House Farm & Ranch 32 Black Bred Cow SM/March-April Round House Farm & Ranch 54 Black Bred Cow SM/March-Aoril Flying H Cattle Co 26 Black Bred Cow 3-4yr/March-April Flying H Cattle Co 21 Black Bred Cow SM/March-April Dustin & Janell Roush 79 Black Bred Cow SM/March-May Dustin & Janell Roush 15 Black Bred Cow 3-4yr/March Flying H Cattle Co 10 Black Bred Cow SM/March-April Dustin & Janell Roush 29 Black Bred Cow 3-4yr/March-May Tim Losee 27 Black Bred Cow 3yr/Jan-April Sims Cattle Co 6 Black Bred Cow 3yr/May Alan & Janet Weiser 4 Black Bred Cow SM/March-April Sims Cattle Co 19 Black Bred Cow 3yr/May Mowry Ranch Inc 8 Black Bred Cow SM/March-April Tim Losee 14 Black Bred Cow SM/Jan-April Southard Land & Cattle LLC 15 Black Bred Cow SS/Feb-April S R Cattle Co 15 Black Bred Cow ST/March-April S R Cattle Co 47 Black Bred Cow ST/March-April T A Ranch Operations LP 10 Black Bred Cow 3-SM/May-June Dustin & Janell Roush 25 Black Bred Cow ST/April Duck Creek Ranch 6 Blk/Red Bred Cow SM/March-April Pyrite LTD 26 Red Bred Cow 3yr/March-April Kelly Bader 8 Red Bred Cow 3-SM/Mar-Apr AI Duck Creek Ranch 4 Red Bred Cow 3yr/March-April Pyrite LTD 7 Red Bred Cow 3yr/March-April Sidwell Herefords 50 Black Bred Heifer Feb AI Sidwell Herefords 31 Black Bred Heifer Feb AI Sidwell Herefords 12 Black Bred Heifer Feb AI Kevin Nickel 5 Black Bred Heifer Feb-March L K Ranch Livestock LLC 9 Black Bred Heifer March-May Sidwell Herefords 37 Black Bred Heifer March Springfield Ranch 13 Red Bred Heifer March Cusker Inc 8 Black Pairs 3yr-SM

1216 1319 1160 1293 1246 1133 1307 1166 1175 1120 1492 1013 1419 1165 1398 1464 1285 1325 1243 1304 1160 1441 1201 1097 1015 1020 916 1036 962 1051 949 1361

1560.00H 1535.00H 1525.00H 1500.00H 1485.00H 1475.00H 1435.00H 1410.00H 1275.00H 1275.00H 1260.00H 1250.00H 1235.00H 1225.00H 1075.00H 1000.00H 975.00H 875.00H 860.00H 1025.00H 1500.00H 1385.00H 1275.00H 1110.00H 1550.00H 1490.00H 1485.00H 1450.00H 1410.00H 1375.00H 1410.00H 1285.00H

NOTICE

Crook, 8th

Compared to the 1901 - 2000 Average - 4.0℉

Converse, 10th

- 5.0℉ - 4.2℉

Johnson, 10th

- 4.3℉

Niobrara, 10th

- 4.0℉

Weston, 10th

- 4.5℉

* Temperatures are observed daily & then averaged across those days for the given timeframe. ** Rankings & additional information are available at NOAA's Climate at a Glance website. *** Icons from the Noun Project.

OBITUARIES

We welcome obituaries. Obituaries are printed free of charge and can be sent to roundup@wylr.net.

Aug. 15, 1936 – Nov. 20, 2020

Thanks

Zach Johnson Lingle, WY –307-575-2171 *** Tam Staman – Crawford, NE 308-631-8513

Lander Nicodemus – Cheyenne, WY 307-421-8141 Danny Nicodemus – Cheyenne, WY 307-632-4325 Chris Williams - Greybull, WY 307-272-4567 *** Justin Smith - Lusk, WY 307-340-0724

307-532-3333

Sheridan, 7th Coldest

Weigh Cow & Bull Consignors for Friday Sales we are asking that you do not plan to drop your cattle off until Wednesday Afternoon.

Cody Thompson - Lusk, WY 307-340-0150 *** Ty Thompson – Lusk, WY 307-340-0770

www.torringtonlivestock.com

Ranking Out of 126 Years

George W. Pingetzer

TORRINGTON LIVESTOCK AREA REPS

Jeff Ward – Laramie, WY 307-399-9863

October Minimum Temperatures*

George Pingetzer passed away Nov. 20 in Riverton.

George Warren Pingetzer was born on Aug. 15, 1936 to Michael Ernest and Bonnie House Pingetzer at home on the family homestead north of Ocean Lake in Fremont County.

He moved with his family to Missouri Valley in 1941. He attended school in Shoshoni through the eighth grade, after which

he worked with his dad on the farm.

On Jan. 9, 1958, George married long-time friend Velma Leonhardt. She joined him on the farm across the road from where he grew up.

George was engaged in several livestock operations as well as his farming venture.

He bought his first Red Angus cattle at the Denver Stock Show in 1972. The five heifers were the foundation of the herd he continued to build.

He loved his Red Angus cows and his feed truck.

George received the Outstanding Young Farmer Award in the early 70s, Outstanding Cooperator for Conservation of Soil and Water Award in 1978 and Ag Man of the Year Award in 2001.

He also served on the Midvale Grazing Board for many years.

George and Velma raised

two boys and instilled in them the love of their families and agriculture.

George is survived by his wife Velma Pingetzer; sons Richard (Kay) Pingetzer and Robert (Paige) Pingetzer; nine grandchildren and 13 great-grandchildren; sisters Louise Berlin, Lois Fuller and Jane Haggard and brother-in-law Laurin (Cindy) Leonhardt.

He was preceded in death by his father Michael Ernest Pingetzer; his mother Bonnie House Pingetzer; brother Ernest Leroy Pingetzer and greatgrandson Zade Pingetzer.

In view of the current pandemic, a private family graveside service was planned for Nov. 25 at the Mountain View Cemetery. Services are under the direction of the Davis Funeral Home.

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

SALE REPORTS Largent and Sons Herefords “Best Way” Sale Reported By: Curt Cox, WLR Field Editor Nov. 19, 2020 Largent and Sons Hereford Ranch, Kaycee Auctioneer: Joe Goggins 70 Two-Year-Old Hereford Bulls Avg. $4,837 15 Fall Yearling Hereford Bulls Avg. $4,150 9 Registered Hereford Heifer Calves Avg. $1,933 Top Sellers Two-Year-Old Bulls Lot 1 – L3 Desert Toro 996 – Price: $16,500 DOB: 4/17/19 Sire: OR TP Desert Prime Dam’s Sire: THM Durango 4037 EPDs: BW: +1.3, WW: +50, YW: +92, Milk: +26 and M&G: +51 Buyer: C.V. Ledbetter & Son, Inc. Okmulgee, Okla.

Lot 3 – L3 Desert Toro 966 – Price: $10,000 DOB: 4/10/19 Sire: OR TP Desert Prime Dam’s Sire: L3 D Blocker 861 EPDs: BW: +2.5, WW: +57, YW: +99, Milk: +23 and M&G: +52 Buyer: Moore Ranch, Hulett Lot 7 – L3 Junior 934 – Price: $9,500 DOB: 3/29/19 Sire: 4T L3 Junior 3024 Dam’s Sire: Star L3 Gerber Vision 053 EPDs: BW: +1.7, WW: +50, YW: +85, Milk: +27 and M&G: +52 Buyer: Ott Ranch, Reedpoint, Mont.

Lot 14 – TP Desert Prime 945 – Price: $9,500 DOB: 4/2/19 Sire: OR TP Desert Prime Dam’s Sire: GF Over Achiever 1513 EPDs: BW: +5.6, WW: +57, YW: +100, Milk: +25 and M&G: +53 Buyer: Reno & Sons, Inc., Gillette Fall Bull Calf Lot 89 – L3 Desert Toro 006 – Price: $7,750 DOB: 8/3/19 Sire: OR TP Desert Prime Dam’s Sire: L3 Ulysses 6018 EPDs: BW: +2.5, WW: +49, YW: +84, Milk: +26 and M&G: +50 Buyer: Empire Ranch, Moorcroft Heifer Calf Lot 102 – KL Desert Chica 016 – Price: $2,700 DOB: 3/1/20 Sire: OR TP Desert Prime Dam’s Sire: Churchill Red Bull 200Z EPDs: BW: +3.0, WW: +59, YW: 100, Milk: +28 and M&G: +57 Buyer: Zack Denning Five J’s, Clayton, N.C.

Redland Angus Ranch “Range Calved – Range Raised” Annual Production Sale Reported By: Curt Cox, WLR Field Editor Nov. 21, 2020 Buffalo Livestock Auction, Buffalo Auctioneer: Joe Goggins 173 Angus Bulls Avg. $6,967 59 Commercial Angus Bred Heifers Avg. $2,261 18 Commercial Black Baldy Bred Heifers Avg. $1,800 18 Commercial Angus Heifer Calves Avg. $1,085 Top Sellers Lot 3 – Redland Do It All 1869 – $36,000 DOB: 3/20/19 Sire: O C C Do It All 656D Dam’s Sire: GDAR Game Day 449 EPDs: BW: +0.0, WW: +46, YW: +80 and Milk: +19 Buyer: Trendsetter Genetics, Okla.

Lot 54 – Redland Do It All 2119 – $16,000 DOB: 3/22/19 Sire: O C C Do It All 656D Dam’s Sire: Redland Emblazon 905 EPDs: BW: +1.4, WW: +50, YW: +83 and Milk: +23 Buyer: Risse UV Ranch, S.D. Lot 13 – Redland Do It All 1519 – $15,000 DOB: 3/19/19 Sire: O C C Do It All 656D Dam’s Sire: GDAR Game Day 449 EPDs: N/A Buyer: Risse UV Ranch, S.D. Lot 19 – Redland Do It All 2119 – $16,000 DOB: 3/21/19 Sire: O C C Do It All 656D Dam’s Sire: GDAR Game Day 449 EPDs: BW: +0.7, WW: +44, YW: +76 and Milk: +17 Buyer: Neil McQueary, Nev. Lot 23 – Redland Chancellor 1249 – $13,000 DOB: 3/25/19 Sire: O C C Chancellor 767C Dam’s Sire: O C C Emblazon 854E EPDs: BW: +1.4, WW: +41, YW: +69 and Milk: +19 Buyer: Burch Ranch, Mont.

Lot 34 – Redland Tremendous 399 – $13,000 DOB: 3/18/19 Sire: Mc Cumber Tremendous 2008 Dam’s Sire: O C C Moderator 825M EPDs: BW: -2.3, WW: +37, YW: +66 and Milk: +27 Buyer: Fortune’s Rafter U Cross Angus, S.D.

A7

ZumBrunnen Angus Female Sale Reported By: Dennis Sun, WLR Publisher Nov. 17, 2020 ZumBrunnen Angus Ranch, Lusk Auctioneer: Wes Tiemann Guest Consignor: ELK Angus, Buffalo 38 Registered Angus Females Avg. $2,612 16 Embryos Avg. $468 Top Sellers Lot 4 – ZA Isablel H048 – Price: $10,000 DOB: 2/27/20 Sire: Mill Brae Identified 4031 Dam’s Sire: LD Emblazon 999 EPDs: BW: -1.2, WW: +73, YW: +130 and Milk: +26 Buyer: Moon Creek Cattle, Iowa Lot 1 – ZA Gene 9024 – Price: $3,500 DOB: 2/21/19 Sire: Baldridge Alternative E125 Dam’s Sire: Deer Valley All In EPDs: BW: +3.8, WW: +74, YW: +139 and Milk: +20 Buyer: Reverse Rocking R Ranch, N.M. Lot 2 – ZA New Fire 9092 – Price: $3,500 DOB: 3/6/19 Sire: G A R Sure Fire Dam’s Sire: DDB Rito New Day 122 EPDs: BW: +0.5, WW: +53, YW: +101 and Milk: +31 Buyer: ELK Angus, Buffalo

AFBF continued from page A1 understand farmers and ranchers must be economically and environmentally sustainable. Of those surveyed, 84 percent said they believe practices such as promoting soil health, conserving water and enhancing wildlife, as well as the ability of farmers to remain economically viable were very important to producers.

Survey results also show more than four in five adults say feeding the world and the ability to pass farms to future generations is important.

After reading about conservation programs farmers participate in during the survey, 81 percent of adults surveyed would describe the accomplish-

ments of farmers in conservation as positive.

According to the latest data from the Environmental Protection Agency, agriculture accounts for 10 percent of total U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the AFBF survey shows less than one in five adults think agriculture contributes between one and 10 percent of total U.S. GHG emissions.

Nearly 50 percent of people think agriculture contributes between 11 and 60 percent of GHG emissions.

Future sustainability The survey also explored how Americans think sustainability efforts on farms and ranches should be funded. Seventy percent of adults say government incentives to encourage

H.D. Dunn and Son Angus Ranch Sale Reported By: Curt Cox, WLR Field Editor Nov. 20, 2020 H.D. Dunn and Son Angus Ranch, Tetonia, Idaho Auctioneer: Joe Goggins 106 Coming Two-Year-Old Bulls Avg. $3,748 44 Commercial Bred Heifers Avg. $1,440 25 Commercial Bred Cows Avg. $1,346 Top Sellers Lot 15 – HD Dunn Charlo 9241 – Price: $6,750 DOB: 5/1/19 Sire: Coleman Charlo 0256 Dam’s Sire: Sitz Rainmaker 8276 EPDs: BW: -2.2, WW: +46, YW: +88 and Milk: +31 Buyer: Edwards Livestock, Laramie Lot 24 – HD Dunn Hickok 9067 – Price: $6,750 DOB: 3/15/19 Sire: Mill Bar Hickok 7242 Dam’s Sire: S A V Pioneer 7301 EPDs: BW: +4.0, WW: +72, YW: +119 and Milk: +33 Buyer: Edwards Livestock, Laramie farmers to adopt additional sustainable agriculture practices would be very effective and more effective than corporate commitments to sustainability goals.

More than 75 percent of adults believe it is important for the government to fund science-based research and improve infrastructure. Seventy-six percent of adults find researching new technologies and practices to help farmers adopt more efficient and sustainable practices was found important, and 78 percent of adults believe improving roads, bridges and broadband to support farm and ranch operations and communities is important.

However, 62 percent of adults believe corporations should compensate farmers for the additional cost of implementing environmental practices to help meet sus-

tainability goals.

“The public doesn’t believe we need to do it alone,” said Newton. “I think they recognize climate smart technology adoption is a public good.”

“Our survey demonstrates Americans are impressed by advancements in climate-smart farming, and we look forward to building on this success,” added Duvall.

Although nearly half of adults correctly ranked agriculture as the smallest industry contributing to GHG emissions in the U.S., there is still work to be done to increase the awareness of agriculture’s comparatively small GHG contribution.

Averi Hales is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

A8

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

WWA continued from page A1 workforce.

“As a state, we need to address these pending shortages with focused engagement at all levels of government including our private and public water sector partners,” Pring said.

Sustainability Program Manager of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Jim Horne and Jim Ginley, co-chair on WWA’s Utility Management Committee and member of the Rocky Mountain Section of the American Water Works Association, were present at the meeting to help explore the issue.

Trending issues Both Horne and Ginley explained there are a few trends facing the water workforce, not only in Wyoming but at all levels of government, all across the country.

“Some of these trends aren’t new. They are things that have been happening over the past few years,” stated Ginley.

According to the two experts, these trends include a higher number of retirees, trouble recruiting and retaining the next generation and the need for a resilient and tech-savvy workforce, which requires training. All of these trends are being seen in Wyo-

ming’s local water workforce.

In fact, Dena Egnehoff, WWA board member, noted, “The Board of Public Utilities had 18 people – and over 520 years of service – retire last year.

Because of this, we have gone through a bunch of adjustments across our entire department and we are still suffering from the 520 years of institutional knowledge that walked out of our doors.”

Egnehoff said another issue the board is facing is retention of employees.

“We have operators who can go out and find better paying jobs in the private sector,” she added.

“These are highly-qualified folks who came in and got their certification and their license, which we invested our money in and then they end up taking those licenses and moving into the private sector.”

North Platte Coordinator and Wyoming State Engineer Office’s Jeff Cowly, also offered insight into issues he has seen.

“Right now we are going through unprecedented short falls in income, due to state budget cuts,” he noted. “We also get a lot of applicants to fill our open positions, but

finding a qualified individual is difficult.”

Strategic workforce planning

In an effort to build resiliency in the water workforce, Horne explained the notion of strategic workforce planning, which focuses on many of the issues Wyoming’s water sector is facing.

“There are four pillars in strategic workforce planning,” Horne explained.

“The first is recruitment, which looks at understanding how to bring in people to work in the water sector. We need to implement appropriate recruitment strategies so we are getting the right people to work for us.”

According to Horne, retention is the second pillar.

“One of the most important things in the pillar of retention, in my opinion, is having the right kind of organizational culture and human resources program,” Horne stated. “I think it is important to have a career path for those employees as soon as they walk through the door, versus an immediate job for the day.”

Horne noted the third pillar is competency, which ensures employees have the correct training and certification they need to be competent in their specific sector of the workforce.

The final pillar Horne

listed is building community partnerships.

Local initiatives Horne and Ginley offered insight into several helpful initiatives at all levels of government to help combat the issues the water sector is facing in regards to the workforce.

“There are four things we are going to do in 2021 at a local level and across the Rocky Mountain West,” stated Ginley.

During the first quarter, Ginley explained they will offer a webinar to help inform the public of the four pillars mentioned by Horne as well as introduce the following events.

“The next two events will be half-day, virtual workshops – one during the second quarter and one during the third,” he said.

“We will have a moderator, some presentations, a panel discussion and most importantly, we will encourage audience participation so we know what our sector is struggling with, and we can find ways to help them.”

Ginley noted the first workshop will focus on the first two pillars of recruitment and retention while the second will focus on competency and community partnerships.

“Through those two events, we will be able to get information out and gather information from participants on what they

want to see, hear and do when we come together for our main event during quarter four,” Ginley said. “This will be a live, in-person, two-day workshop, where we will have the chance to take what we learned from the first three events and compile this information to create a game plan we can implement across the Rocky Mountain region.”

Ginley said the workshop is tentatively being scheduled for late fall of next year.

Federal initiatives At the federal level, Horne explained one of the biggest initiatives to help with the particular issue is the creation of America’s Water Workforce Initiative.

“This is the first time in my long history at EPA anybody in the office of water or the EPA at large has even paid any attention to the water workforce, and it is great,” Horne said.

“We have spent the last two years on a bit of a rollercoaster, but we finally issued the initiative on Oct. 5 of this year.”

Horne noted this initiative is intended as a call to action across the sector.

“It isn’t a laundry list of the activities EPA will be taking on, although there is a lot we will be doing,” he said. “It is more of a list of actions other partners, such as federal agencies, national associations, states

and tribes, will be taking to ensure we have a sustainable and resilient workforce as we move into the future.”

Additionally, Horne explained EPA has completed a series of water workforce case studies, looking at eight utilities around the country to highlight their innovative approaches to addressing workforce challenges.

“These utilities range in size and are from all over the country. They are not incredibly long, but they go into quite a bit of detail to highlight innovative programs we can all learn from,” Horne added, noting these case studies are under final review at EPA and should be released to the public soon.

Horne continued, “Additionally, I am also happy to note, Congress has both authorized and appropriated money to EPA for a new workforce grant over the last two years.”

The Water Workforce Infrastructure and Utility Development Grant Program provided $1 million in federal funding to EPA, and Horne noted the agency will soon be issuing application requests for the program.

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@ wylr.net.

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Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

B1 A9

®

Minimizing moisture is key to winter hay storage Ranchers need to plan ahead regarding winter forage supplies, and this includes finding ways to store hay to help preserve quality and reduce moisture damage.

Dr. Emily Glunk Meccage, former forage Extension specialist in the Department of Animal and Range Sciences at Montana State University (MSU) was involved with a research project a couple years ago, which looked at round bale storage outdoors as not everyone has the luxury of hay sheds, and on many ranches, there is a lot of hay stored outside.

“We found how individuals stack hay affects the quality and the moisture retention of those bales over the winter. We want to minimize the amount of moisture and mold in those bales because it can affect cattle health and performance,” says Meccage.

Danielle Peterson, livestock production specialist for Purina Animal Nutrition, was a graduate student at MSU during this study, and the research was part of her thesis. She says after processing the data, results were similar to other studies assessing hay stored in various ways.

These results showed indoor storage is best, but for outdoor storage, single bale high in a long row seems to be the most consistent for retaining quality within bales. The pyramid stack is intermediate.

Preserving quality Many people don’t have enough hay yard room to put all their bales in long single rows, so they stack some on top of each

other to save space. Even though this might seem more efficient, it can lead to more spoilage.

“We looked at differences between bales stored at the top of the pyramid and the bottom. However, the mushroom stack, where the bottom bale is upright and another is placed on top on its side, had the most variability,” says Meccage.

“We found top bales had hardly any change in quality, but bottom bales soaked in moisture that had run off of the top bales, as well as moisture from the ground surface,” says Peterson. “Visual quality of the bottom bales from the ground up was much lower than visual quality from the top down.”

The bottom bales were significantly lower in total digestible nutrient (TDN) and energy content and were higher in moisture content than the top bales.

“This reduction in forage quality can have an impact on animal performance,” says Peterson.

If producers are feeding one group of cattle the top bales and another group the bottom bales, they might be getting completely different nutrient levels, even if the hay was harvested at the same time from the same field.

Minimizing moisture “We did a two-year study, and at one of our locations we saw a lot more mold growth in between the bales in the pyramid stack than we did the first year,” says Meccage.

“Each year is a little different in how much moisture those bales receive and

when they receive it.”

Peterson says there are different amounts of precipitation at various locations on any given year, and thus, hay storage results including amount of dry matter and quality loss differ each year.

“For example, during the second year of our study, our hay storage location at Havre, Mont. had extremely high precipitation compared to other years,” Peterson says.

“Moisture that freezes won’t create as much mold as moisture in warm weather.”

“When planning longterm, it’s often a good idea to hold some hay in reserve in case we have a

bad year. If we plan to keep some hay over for the next year, it pays to try to stack the hay in a manner that it will keep better and not be ruined by moisture,” says Meccage.

A person could afford to build a hay shed with the money lost in damaged hay over time.

“Hay that’s been stored outside and uncovered may decline in dry matter and quality,” says Peterson. “Feeding this hay can result in lower animal performance including lower average daily gains, poor animal health and possibly even abortion in cows in certain cases with moldy hay.”

Return on investment

varies depending on how much hay and what type of hay individuals store, but a hay shed will pay for itself over several years.

“One of the cheaper options that has a beneficial effect fairly quickly is just to decrease the hayto-soil contact. Having a gravel base to stack hay on will greatly reduce moisture damage. Putting hay on pallets, railroad ties or gravel will allow for drainage and eliminate moisture wicking up into the hay from wet ground. This will help preserve hay quality,” says Meccage.

Putting tarps or black plastic over the hay can also protect it from wet weather and can be eco-

nomical, especially if producers stack bales on top of each other. The tarp can cover twice as much hay as with a single row.

Even though these coverings are expensive, they can often be re-used for several years, which makes them more cost-effective in preserving quality of the hay. The covering also keeps snow and moisture from freezing on the bales, which can make it very challenging to remove the net wrap or twines when feeding them.

Heather Smith Thomas is a corresponding writer for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

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A10 B2

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

CALENDAR

SALES Nov. 30

Submit your events to: Editor, Wyoming Livestock Roundup, P.O. Box 850, Casper, WY, 82602, or e-mail to roundup@wylr.net.

Dec. 1

EVENTS

Dec. 1

Nov. 30-Dec. 1 Joint Transportation, Highways and Military Affairs Meeting, 8:30 a.m. Online. For more information, visit wyoleg.gov.

Dec. 1 Leading Farm and Ranch Employees Seminar Series, 12:30-2 p.m.

Zoom. For more information, visit go.unl.edu/Leading_Employees_ Seminar.

Dec. 1 Wyoming Game and Fish Department Elk Feedgrounds Management Phase One Meeting, 5-8 p.m. Online. For more information, visit wgfd. gov/Get-Involved/elk-feedgrounds.

Dec. 1-2 Panhandle Agricultural Research and Technology Tour – Plus, 9 a.m.

- 3 p.m. Zoom. For more information, visit panhandle.unl.edu.

Dec. 2 Wyoming Game and Fish Department Elk Feedgrounds Management Phase One Meeting, 1-4 p.m or 6-9 p.m. Online. For more information, visit wgfd.gov/Get-Involved/elk-feedgrounds.

Dec. 3 Wyoming Game and Fish Department Elk Feedgrounds Management Phase One Meeting, 4-7 p.m. Online. For more information, visit wgfd. gov/Get-Involved/elk-feedgrounds.

Dec. 3 Sage Grouse Implementation Team Meeting, Zoom. For more information, visit wgfd.wyo.gov.

Dec. 3-4 Wyoming Society for Range Management, Online. For more information, visit wyomingrangelands.org.

Dec. 3-12 Wrangler National Finals Rodeo, Arlington, Texas, Globe Life Field. For more information, visit nfrexperience.com/nfr2020/.

Dec. 7-9 Wyoming Stock Growers Association 2020 Winter Roundup Convention and Trade Show, Casper, Ramkota Hotel and Conference Center.

For more information, visit wysga.org.

Dec. 8 Natrona County Predator Management District 2020 Annual Meeting, 4 p.m. Teleconference. To join the meeting, call 605-313-6272 using the access code 553517.

Dec. 8 Wyoming Game and Fish Department Platte Valley Corridor Public Meeting. Online. For more information, visit wgfd.wyo.gov/Get-Involved/ Platte-Valley-Migration-Risk-Assessment.

Dec. 10 The Jonah Interagency Office and Pinedale Anticline Project Office Board of Directors Meeting, Zoom. For more information, visit blm. zoomgov.com/webinar/register/WN_kNvHiZRBRgKm1u4X-HQR_Q.

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Cows Steady • Calves $2 to $3 Higher BRED COWS 3- to 4-Year-Olds Double H Ranch - Ten Sleep 6 Blk Bred Cows................... $1335/Hd. 2 Blk Bred Cows................... $1225/Hd. Warner Living Trust - Riverton 2 Sht Hrn Bred Cows ........... $1150/Hd. 2 Sht Hrn Bred Cows ........... $1125/Hd. Graft, Clinton - Powell 4 Blk Bred Cows................... $1075/Hd. 5- to 6-Year-Olds Double H Ranch - Ten Sleep 3 Blk Bred Cows................... $1000/Hd. Warner Living Trust - Riverton 3 Sht Hrn Bred Cows ........... $1000/Hd. Open Lock Ranch Inc. - Worland 4 Blk Bred Cows..................... $950/Hd. Loveland, Dustin - Otto 3 Blk Bred Cows..................... $875/Hd. Short Term Whitehead, Dustin - Worland 11 Red Bred Cows ................. $800/Hd. Double H Ranch - Ten Sleep 7 Blk Bred Cows..................... $775/Hd. Harris, McCort - Worland 4 Blk Bred Cows..................... $775/Hd. Open Lock Ranch Inc. - Worland 17 Rd/Blk Bred Cows ............ $750/Hd. 4 BWF Bred Cows ................. $675/Hd. BRED HEIFERS Warner Living Trust - Riverton 4 Sht Hrn Bred Hfrs.............. $1150/Hd. BULL CALF Nicol, Bob - Fort Washakie 11 Blk Bull Clvs, avg. 406# .........$18500 COWS L U Ranch - Worland 1 Red Cow, 1070# ........................$6450 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1165# ................$6250 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1115# ................$5550 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1500#................$5450 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1453#................$5450 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1250#................$5350 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1560#................$5350 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1285#................$5350 1 Blk Cow, 1420# ..........................$5350 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1475#................$5300 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1420#................$5250 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1308#................$5200 Charter Place LLC - Jackson 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1133# ................$5550 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1288#................$5200 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1398#................$5100 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1318#................$5050 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1275#................$4900 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1348#................$4600 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1338#................$4550 Hessenthaler, Charles - Lovell 5 Blk Cows, avg. 1446#................$5550 1 Blk Cow, 1635# ..........................$5450 1 Blk Cow, 1495# ..........................$5450 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1418#................$5300 1 Blk Cow, 1620# ..........................$4850 Double H Ranch - Ten Sleep 1 Blk Cow, 1350# ..........................$5450 1 Blk Cow, 1245# ..........................$5350 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1165# ................$5200 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1210#................$4850 Warner Living Trust - Riverton 1 Sht Hrn Cow, 1980# ..................$5350 Hutcheson, Tom - Meeteetse 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1223#................$5300 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1295#................$4700 1 Blk Cow, 1440# ..........................$4400 1 Blk Cow, 1440# ..........................$4050 Johnstone, Jesse - Ten Sleep 3 BWF Cows, avg. 1455# ............$5200 Johnstone, Casey - Ten Sleep 1 Blk Cow, 1830# ..........................$5150 ZE Ranch Co. - Meeteetse 2 Hrfd Cows, avg. 1350# ..............$4850

1 Hrfd Cow, 1450# ........................$4700 Barent, Dean - Worland 2 Red Cows, avg. 1435# ..............$4850 Whitehead, Dustin - Worland 2 Red Cows, avg. 1348# ..............$4850 Bjornestad Land & Cattle - Manderson 3 Blk Cows, avg. 1203#................$4700 1 Blk Cow, 1280# ..........................$4500 Tharp, Guy & Jill - Manderson 1 Blk Cow, 1670# ..........................$4700 1 RWF Cow, 1310#...................... $4100Harris, McCort - Worland 1 Blk Cow, 1375# ..........................$4500 2 Blk Cows, avg. 1230#................$4200 HEIFER CALVES Nicol, Bob - Fort Washakie 15 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 374# ..........$16550 13 Blk Hfrs Clvs, avg. 434# ........$15500 48 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 531# ..........$13925 1 LngHrn Hfr Calf, 565#..............$13250 Arnett, Taylen - Manderson 18 Rd/Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 437# ....$15500 16 Rd/Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 539# ....$14000 Schwarz, Ben - Ten Sleep 4 Mxd Hfr Clvs, avg. 370# ..........$15100 6 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 474# ............$14300 Cauffman, Jr., William - Burlington 4 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 436# ............$14650 7 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 507# ............$13500 46 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 593# ..........$13350 Brubaker Sheep Co LLC - Ten Sleep 7 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 426# ............$14550 20 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 536# ..........$13825 Charter Place LLC - Jackson 105 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 565# ........$14325 12 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 484#.......$14250 32 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 508# ..........$14000 11 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 619# .......$12925 Anderson, Sawyer - Worland 12 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 488# ..........$14150 Kennah, Chanda - Crowheart 12 Rd/BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 454#...$14000 16 Rd/BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 388#...$13500 12 Rd/BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 513#...$13300 Mongillo, Dominick - Wheatland 7 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 484#.........$13900 Logan, Jill - Thermopolis 4 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 394#.........$13900 Tharp, Guy & Jill - Manderson 8 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 562#.........$13550 HD Quarter Circle Ranch - Thermopolis 2 RWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 608#.........$13300 3 Mxd Hfr Clvs, avg. 575# ..........$13000 ZE Ranch Co. - Meeteetse 11 Hrfd Hfr Clvs, avg. 585# ........$13250 3 Rd/BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 598# ...$13100 7 Hrfd Hfr Clvs, avg. 682# ..........$12525 Tucker, Dwayne - Ten Sleep 6 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 577#.........$13200 Frias, Ramon - Powell 2 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 583# ............$13150 Sage Creek Land & Cattle - Worland 3 Rd/BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 587# ...$13100 5 Rd/BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 659# ...$12750 Miller, Jacob - Worland 3 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 540# ............$13000 Miller, John - Worland 3 Hfrd Hr Clvs, avg. 530# ...........$12800

STEERS Nicol, Bob - Fort Washakie 2 Blk Strs, avg. 810# ...................$12900 SLS Cattle Co. - Meeteetse 3 BWF Strs, avg. 885# ...............$12000 STEER CALVES Horton, Duane - Otto 46 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 361# .......$19400 70 Rd/Blk Str Clvs, avg. 443# ....$18625 39 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 495# .......$17825 12 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 543# ..........$16800 Nicholas, Jacob - Fort Washakie 17 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 423# ..........$18575 21 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 492# .......$17050 7 Mxd Str Clvs, avg. 615# ..........$13875 4 Mxd Str Clvs, avg. 760# ..........$13500 Mueller, Terry - Shell 3 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 397# ............$18400 3 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 463# ............$17100 Shepperson, Ondrea - Meeteetse 3 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 425# ............$18200 Logan, Jill - Thermopolis 2 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 433# ............$18150 9 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 572# .........$14400 Arnett, Taylen - Manderson 6 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 463# ............$17850 21 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 533# ..........$17000 9 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 598# ............$14500 Kennah, Chanda - Crowheart 7 Rd/BWF Str Clvs, avg. 454# ...$17550 3 Rd/Blk Str Clvs, avg. 613# ......$12500 Nicol, Bob - Fort Washakie 3 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 423# .........$17500 12 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 485# ..........$16900 83 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 561# ..........$15900 4 Mxd Str Clvs, avg. 571# ..........$14400 10 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 649# ..........$14250 Tharp, Guy & Jill - Manderson 11 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 485# .......$17400 9 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 562# .........$15600 3 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 628# ............$14250 Cauffman, Jr., William - Burlington 7 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 459# ............$17350 42 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 618# ..........$14650 15 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 701# ..........$13450 Brubaker Sheep Co. LLC - Ten Sleep 2 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 458# ............$17100 14 Rd/BWF Str Clvs, avg. 600# .. $14450 ZE Ranch Co. - Meeteetse 5 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 521# .........$16300 17 Hfrd Str Clvs, avg. 639# ........$13700 Shryack, Steve - Worland 3 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 527# ............$16250 Apland, Rick - Worland 9 Rd/Blk Str Clvs, avg. 542# ......$15400 HD Quarter Circle Ranch - Thermopolis 2 RWF Str Clvs, avg. 570# .........$14300 Anderson, Sawyer - Worland 3 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 575# ............$14300 Tucker, Dwayne - Ten Sleep 3 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 597# .........$14250 Miller, John - Worland 2 Hfrd Str Clvs, avg. 560# ..........$14100 Frias, Ramon - Powell 7 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 589# ............$13900 Sage Creek Land & Cattle - Worland 7 Rd/Blk Str Clvs, avg. 676# ......$13725 5 Rd/BWF Str Clvs, avg. 766# ...$13000 Miller, Jacob - Worland 4 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 655# ............$13650

Dec. 1 Dec. 1 Dec. 2 Dec. 2 Dec. 3 Dec. 5 Dec. 5

Stevenson’s Diamond Dot 2020 Fall Production Sale, at the ranch, Hobson, Mont., 406-366-9023, 406-374-2250, stevensonsdiamonddot.com Western Video Market, Silver Legacy, Reno, Nev., 530-347-3793, wvmcattle.com Ward Livestock Red, White & Blue Bull Sale, at the ranch, Laramie, 307399-9863 Ingalls Centennial Angus Cowherd Dispersal, Belle Fourche Livestock Auction, Belle Fourche, S.D., 605-748-2267 Wyoming Angus Association Online Female Sale, cci.live, 307-6304604, wyomingangus.org Beef Country Genetics Sale, Midland Bull Test, Columbus, Mont., 406780-0176, 406-679-1796, 406-323-3415, mcdonnellangus.com 38th Annual Utah Cattlemen’s Classic Bull Sale, Utah State Fairgrounds, Salt Lake City, Utah, 801-540-6818, 916-837-3095 Sitz Angus 55th Annual Fall Bull & Female Sale, at the ranch, Harrison, Mont., 406-685-3360, 406-683-5277, 208-670-2364, sitzangus.com Leachman Cattle of Colorado High Altitude Bull Sale, Western Slope Cattlemen’s Livestock Auction, Loma, Colo., 970-568-3983, leachman.com T-Heart Ranch and L-Cross High Altitude Female Sale, at the ranch, LaGarita, Colo., 719-850-3082, 719-850-3083, t-heartranch.com

POSTCARD from the Past

Compiled by Dick Perue rrichardperue@gmail.com

More Casper Army Air Base Earlier this month we compiled a couple Postcards featuring history of the Casper Army Air Base. This week, we conclude this series with the following excerpts from WyoHistory.Org. Many eligible local bachelorettes, as they would have been known at the time, found themselves married to the airmen of the base.

Joye Kading met the man who would become her husband when she worked at the base, and she remembered they often went on double dates and enjoyed dancing.

She recalled, “We, the fellows, young – 18, 19, 20 years old – wherever they went, they liked to date and dance, and they called them the ‘G.I. Wolves’ because they were always looking for girls to dance with. The cartoonists in the newspaper would draw pictures of the men in uniform, but their faces would be wolves.”

The Women’s Army Corps (WACs) also had members stationed in Casper. Kading remembered they had their own beauty shop and other facilities on the base.

“None of ‘em had been out of their hometowns,” she said. “When they got to Wyoming, the first thing they did when they realized they were in

this western state, they had to have cowboy boots, cowboys hats, tight trousers and everything.”

Pilot training was tough.

Crews endured countless hours of advanced instruction in navigation, gunnery, bombing, armaments, flight engineering and flying. Training in aerial gunnery, air-to-ground gunnery, formation flying, night navigation and of course, bombing, were standard.

In one record-setting month, crews flew more than 7,500 hours at Casper Army Air Base. The remains of these activities are scattered across the high plains of Wyoming in the form of spent .50-caliber bullets, shells and links, 100-pound practice bomb fragments and the wreckage of more than 70 aircraft.

At the height of training, more than one million .50-caliber rounds and 1,000 100-pound training bombs would be expended per month.

One hundred forty Casper Army Air Base aviators perished in 90 plane crashes between September 1942 and March 1945. Most of the crashes were in Wyoming, but many occurred out of state when the fliers were on longer training flights.

The Casper Army Air Base closed in 1945 when the war ended. Today, the site of the old bomber base is largely intact with 90 of the original buildings still

standing, including all six of the original hangars.

Visitors to the Wyoming Veterans Memorial museum in the base’s former Servicemen’s Club encounter a variety of stories including a gunnery instructor who gained his experience against the Japanese fleet during the Battle of Midway, a base commander who was known as the best machine gunner in the world and a bomber navigator who was blown out of his B-17 and held prisoner in Germany.

In addition, there are accounts of the tragedy of the Casper Mountain bomber crash as well as renowned test pilot Chuck Yeager’s recounted adventures at the base.

The museum archives contain in-depth history.

Personal stories of crewmen, staff and civilians are constantly rotated through the air base exhibits and are available for research. Visitors can still view the Servicemen’s Club murals painted by the soldiers.

Artifacts in the collection include documents, photographs, maps and several personal items of people who served at the base as well as flying gear, aircraft parts and wreckage.

Author’s note: While serving in the Air Force with the Wyoming Air National Guard from 1959 until 1965, I spent more than 20 weekends training as an information specialist at the Casper Army Air Base, before being transferred to Cheyenne to write news items and help publish a newsletter. – Airman First Class Robert R. Perue, also known as Dick.

• Upcoming Sales •

Nov. 26 – No Sale Dec. 3 – All Class Cattle Dec. 10 – Bred Cow Special w/ All Class Cattle Dec. 14 – MONDAY SPECIAL – Winter Special - Feeder Cattle Only Dec. 17 – All Class Cattle, Sheep & Goat Dec. 24 & 31 – No Sales

A feature of the Casper Army Air Base was distribution of a weekly newspaper titled “Slip Stream” (See masthead above). It was published every Wednesday from 1942 until 1945 by The Casper Tribune-Herald, a civilian enterprise, in the interest of the personnel of the Army Air Base and having free base-wide distribution. Photo from WyoHistory.Org. Historical Reproductions by Perue

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

A11 B3

MARKETS

WHEAT FUTURES SETT PRICE

Month

FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 27, 2020 Location Volume PAYS 11-20

3199

400-500

160-182 137.50-165

156-181 128-154

500-600

600-700

700-800

Over 800

Sltr Bull Sltr Cows

Stock Cows Pairs

136-164 127-142.50

127-146.50 124.50-132.50

128-133.50 122.50-128

108.50-135.50 115-121.50

72 50-54.50

54-95

Centennial 11-20

55-79.50 37-81

Crawford 11-20 2999

186-195.50 160-176.50

161-190.50 135.50-162

146.50-173.50 126-147.75

136-157 128-143.25

Torrington 11-20 3209

159-166

St. Onge 11-20 5805

125-196 118-162.50

Big Horn Basin 11-23 1601

194 135-165.50

140-142

76-84 40-70

64-102

145-195 133-170

141-173.50 131-164

128-161.75 135-144.25

134-149.50 131-133

66-84 50-94

$860-$1850

169-186.25 139-155

139-170 128-143.25

Billings 11-23 2962

120-129

125

118-128

50-89.50

WEEKLY SHEEP AUCTIONS Auction

Volume

Feeder Lambs

PAYS

No Report

Centennial

No Report

St. Onge

No Report

Slaughter Lambs

Slaughter Ewes

Stock Ewes

Slaughter Bucks

LIVE CATTLE FUTURES

FEEDER CATTLE FUTURES

SETT PRICE

SETT PRICE

Month DECEMBER FEBRUARY APRIL JUNE AUGUST

Week Prev

This Week

108.25 110.53 114.20 109.10 108.63

111.18 113.95 117.15 111.90 111.15

Change +2.93 +3.42 +2.95 +2.80 +2.52

Month JANUARY MARCH APRIL MAY AUGUST

Week Prev

This Week

135.55 134.95 136.58 137.73 143.15

138.60 138.13 139.35 140.13 145.85

Change +3.05 +3.18 +2.77 +2.40 +2.70

Technology is changing the game of beef production “In 2008, there were a little over four billion Internet connections,” states Zoetis Territory Beef Manager Greg Faxon. “In 2017, there were nine billion Internet connections. As we can guess, technology is driving things in our industry at an exponential pace.”

Faxon presented on the importance of technology in beef production at the 2020 Women’s Ag Symposium, hosted by Wyoming Women in Ag, Nov. 13 in Casper. He explains with dramatic changes in connectivity, technology in the beef industry needs to keep up with the changes.

Innovate or be disrupted Companies like Chewy, Uber, Netlix, AirBnB, Square and Planet Fieldview are all examples Faxon gives of businesses who innovated to meet consumer interest and demands.

“Eight percent of companies believe their current business model will remain economically viable if the present rate of digitization in their industry keeps up,” he says.

“This means 92 percent do not believe their companies will remain viable.”

“The dairy industry has a crazy amount of technology to measure daily inputs, intake, outputs and a lot more.

Everything is monitored all the time,” Faxon continues.

“In beef production, what do we monitor on a daily basis?

Technologies in the cow/calf sector for every day monitoring are limited.”

Adopting technology Faxon notes there is some reason for limited technology. The environment in which producers raise cattle and the way cattle are managed make it hard to manage specific inputs and outputs.

“Aside from head count, which we gather on an occasional basis and a weaning weight or sale weight, we don’t really monitor much else on a regular basis,” he explains.

The global agriculture analytics market is expected to spike from $585 million in 2018 to $1.2 billion in 2023, says Faxon. He asks, how much of this data will we see in the cow/calf sector and how many producers embrace digital data collection in their operation?

“We either have to learn to accept new technologies, or not adopt them,” Faxon states.

“But, not adopting technologies will leave producers behind, plain and simple.”

Although agriculture, by nature, is a slower-adopting industry, there has recently been a huge increase in the

“Although there are things cow/calf producers don’t need to evaluate on a short-term basis, we are missing out on capturing viable and good information because we don’t want to adapt, and because the industry doesn’t provide us with the opportunity to collect, store and utilize data of this kind.” – Greg Faxon, Zoetis amount of technologies to collect data and improve operations.

“If the dairy industry didn’t collect and capture all the data they do on a daily basis, they would not be able to make rapid change for improvement,” he explains.

“Although there are things cow/calf producers don’t need to evaluate on a short-term basis, we are missing out on capturing viable and good information because we don’t want to adapt and because the industry doesn’t provide us with the opportunity to collect, store and utilize data of this kind.”

Consumer importance Faxon explains beef sales are better when the consumer knows something about the production process of the animal.

“The connection between the producer and the consumer is huge, and things are changing quickly and have price tags attached,” he says.

“The bottom line is the con-

4.22 4.27 4.29 4.30

4.26 4.32 4.36 4.36

sumer wants information and they are willing to pay for it.”

“We can agree or disagree on how we get information to the consumer or what information it is,” Faxon continues. “I am okay with providing information because I want paid for it too.”

Some technologies available for producers to keep records and collect data with include Performance Livestock Analytics, Performance Beef and Cattle Crush, among others, says Faxon.

“We can learn what these technologies are doing, plug them into our operations and leverage them,” he says. “Or, continue to do what we are doing. We have an opportunity as beef producers to adapt to changes, learn what technology offers, leverage the technology and use it to our benefit.”

Averi Hales is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr. net.

Week Prev

This Week

2.97 3.12 3.15 3.16

2.87 3.04 3.08 3.12

DECEMBER MARCH MAY JULY

Change +0.04 +0.05 +0.07 +0.06

Change -0.10 -0.08 -0.07 -0.04

SOYBEAN FUTURES

$675-$1335 61-82 39-82

This Week

DECEMBER MARCH MAY JULY

Month

111 126-132.50

130-135

Week Prev

SETT PRICE

144 134.50

125-146.50 125.25-133

+0.19 +0.18 +0.17 +0.12

OATS FUTURES

65.50-80 42-56 168 153

Change

SETT PRICE

Month

75-84 62-68

Riverton 11-20 1678

6.11 6.17 6.19 6.12

CORN FUTURES

Steers Heifers

FOR THE WEEK ENDING May 24, 2019

UnUnder 400

This Week

5.92 5.99 6.02 6.00

DECEMBER MARCH MAY JULY

Compiled from USDA Market News Service information and other sources

WEEKLY CATTLE AUCTIONS

Week Prev

SETT PRICE

Month

Week Prev

JANUARY MARCH MAY JULY

This Week

11.77 11.75 11.73 11.68

11.91 11.93 11.92 11.88

Change +0.22 +0.18 +0.19 +0.20

CUTOUT VALUES CUTOUT VALUES Primal Rib Primal Chuck Primal Round Primal Loin

This Week

Prior Week

Last Year

226.48 423.81 188.07 187.15 283.83

215.66 396.00 177.04 178.39 273.84

234.06 408.69 192.31 193.02 289.02

5 AREA WEEKLY WEIGHTED CATTLE PRICE Live Steer Live Heifer Dressed Steer Dressed Heifer

This Week

109.57 109.73 171.70 171.90

Prior Week

109.62 109.61 171.87 171.78

Last Year

115.96 116.10 183.59 183.84

The latest markets data can be found by visiting USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service at https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news

WGFD revisions considered The Wyoming Game and Fish Commission convened virtually to decide on important issues impacting Wyoming’s wildlife. The commission took initial steps toward revising Wyoming’s trapping rules.

To help inform decision making, the commission asked the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD) to gather information on the public's views on trapping and develop recommendations for rule changes. WGFD embarked on a public collaborative process with trappers, recreationalists, pet owners and conservation groups who presented feedback at the meeting.

The commission asked WGFD to approach the Wyoming Legislature for statutory authority for the commission, on a case-by-case basis, to require trapping setbacks around high-use public land areas in Wyoming as well as authority for the commission to develop regulations requiring mandatory trapper education. The commission also directed WGFD to draft two regulations for review, one which would restrict trapping where Game and Fish releases pheasants during hunting season; the other would limit the use of large power snares. Those two regulations would be available for public comment prior to being presented to the commission for approval.

“Trapping is an important part of Wyoming heritage. It’s a right guaranteed to the state’s citizens through the Constitution of the State of Wyoming,” said Pete Dube, Game and Fish Commission president. “In addition to the measures we passed, the commission supports the department’s recommendations to develop more information to further the public’s understanding of the sport.”

The commission approved a proposal to change the spring antler collection opening time from noon to an earlier 6 a.m. on May 1. This applies on public land west of the Continental Divide, excluding the Great Divide Basin and is slated to begin in 2021.

A12 B4

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

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B6 A14

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

Producers should keep three things in mind when controlling M. bovis in feedlot cattle According to South Dakota State University Extension and State Public Health Veterinarian Dr. Russ Daly, in order to effectively control infectious diseases in cattle, producers need to address one or more of the three components in the disease process – the germ, the animal and the environment.

“For many reasons, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a challenging component of respiratory disease in feedlot calves,” Daly explains. “Understanding the factors that help it become established in calves is a good first step in formulating a plan to help diminish its effects on health and productivity.”

The germ The first consideration when mitigating

M. bovis in feedlot cattle, according to Daly, is to address the germ. This can be done by using antibiotics to kill the germ or to slow down progression once it has entered the body.

“Antibiotics are the hallmark of treating bacterial infections in calves, but M. bovis infections present some challenges due to the bacteria’s ability to become well established in body tissues,” explains Daly.

He notes there are several injectable antibiotics approved for use against M. bovis, including enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gamithromycin and tulathromycin.

“However, regardless of the antibiotic used, once clinical signs begin in the animal, results can be variable and often dis-

appointing,” Daly states.

“Tissue damage caused

by M. bovis, whether in the lungs or in the joints, makes it difficult for an antibiotic to reach high enough concentrations for a long enough time to slow down or kill the bacteria,” he explains. “Treating calves early with a product that reaches high blood and tissue levels for long periods of time is important.”

Daly notes metaphylaxis, which involves treating incoming cattle with full therapeutic doses of antibiotics upon arrival, has been successful at decreasing illness and death rates in highrisk calves.

“Antibiotics approved for metaphylaxis are prescription injectable drugs, to be used only under direction of a veterinar-

ian,” Daly says. “Feedgrade antibiotics are not considered effective, nor are they labeled for use against M. bovis.”

The animal In Daly’s opinion, when controlling M. bovis infections, the animal is the second component of the disease process producers should address. He encourages boosting animals’ defense mechanisms in order to neutralize the infectious agent before it starts causing clinical illness.

Although there are several commercial vaccines on the market for M. bovis, Daly notes they are fairly un-effective and some studies have even shown to indicate more severe illness in vaccinated animals versus unvaccinated animals.

“In many situations,

M. bovis infections are already well established prior to vaccination,” he says, further noting vaccinating calves against other bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens is generally a good practice to reduce the instance of M. bovis and other respiratory disease.

The environment Daly’s third strategy for mitigating M. bovis involves taking steps to ensure animals don’t encounter the disease agent in their environment.

“For many cattle diseases, biosecurioty is an important aspect of prevention,” Daly says.

“However, isolating and testing incoming cattle for M. bovis isn’t very viable, especially in feedlot situations.”

“Not much is known about the potential for

M. bovis to be transmitted from environmental sources as well,” he continues. “While M. bovis can survive for extended periods of time in cool, moist conditions, it’s largely unknown how important that is for overall transmission. We do know the bacteria is not very resistant to disinfection and is inactivated by drying and sunlight.”

With this in mind, Daly suggests separating sick animals from noninfected animals as well as partaking in strategies to reduce stress and promote immunity in feedlot calves to reduce the effects of M. bovis.

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup.

Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

B7 A15

WyFB honors Wally and Sally Ramsbottom with Distinguished Service Award Johnson County Ranchers Wally and Sally Ramsbottom were awarded the Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation (WyFB) Distinguished Service Award at the 101st annual meeting of the organization. Presented Nov. 13, the award is given to those who have gone above and beyond in their service to agriculture.

“We are proud to recognize Wally and Sally for their dedication to agriculture and Farm Bureau in Johnson County and Wyoming,” said Todd Fornstrom, WyFB president.

“Humble, kind, giving, caring and dedicated are just a few words to describe Wally and Sally. Their dedication to agriculture and the Farm Bureau Federation here in Wyoming is unwavering.”

Sally served as the secretary/treasurer of the Johnson County Farm Bureau Federation for the last 20 years. Humble leaders, Wally and Sally are a team and prefer to work in the background without recognition.

Wally is always by

her side at meetings, and she is always working in the background to keep their county Farm Bureau strong. They are the first to arrive at meetings and make sure everything is set-up just right to ensure everyone is comfortable and the meeting will be productive.

“The Ramsbottom’s knowledge of ranching and the issues impacting Wyoming ranching is always appreciated as they share their input through the grassroots policy development process,” Fornstrom continued.

The Meadow Brook Ranch, where Wally grew up, is where the couple calls home in Johnson County. They met dancing at the Sussex Dance Hall and were married in 1961.

They have a son, a daughter and four grandkids.

Wally graduated from Colorado State University.

He served for six years in the Army Basic Reserves where he was trained as a medic. Wally has always been known as an excellent stockman.

Sally grew up on the Shepperson Ranch near Midwest and graduated from the University of Wyoming (UW). Sally has always been known as quite a hand in the rodeo arena as well as the ranch.

While at UW, Sally competed on the college rodeo team where she won a National Collegiate Champion Goat Tying title.

Hard working and allaround kind people, Wally and Sally work together in everything they do from ranching to family to Farm Bureau. Their steadfast dedication has been the cornerstone of Johnson County’s success. From the ranch to the board room, the Ramsbottoms have exemplified what teamwork is in their distinguished service through this grassroots organization.

The Ramsbottoms were grateful to receive the Distinguished Service Award.

“It was a tremendous honor and a big shock to receive the Distinguished Service Award from

2020 Christmas

WyFB,” Wally and Sally said. “It is very humbling as many other people dedicate their time and effort to help their county and state organization as well.”

“It means a great deal to us to be recognized and nominated by our Johnson County Farm Bureau board,” Sally continued. “We appreciate all of our members and their efforts.”

According to the Ramsbottoms, volunteering is important for any agriculture business.

“Farm Bureau is important to ranchers in Wyoming,” Wally said.

“Resolutions can be made from the county level on any of our pertinent issues, taken to the district, state and national levels to be made into policy to help agriculture as well as our communities.”

“We volunteer because we need to promote and help agriculture and our business,” Sally emphasized. “People in agriculture need to spend time to resolve the problems they

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have and support those who can do something about the problems.”

Over 20 years ago the Johnson County Farm Bureau Federation began using the slogan “Support the Johnson County Farm Bureau, We Support You!” And that is exactly what the Ramsbottoms have been doing for over 20 years.

“Wally and Sally Ramsbottom have gone above and beyond in their service to agriculture

WyFB honorees - Wally and Sally Ramsbottom received WyFB's Distinguished Service Award. Courtesy photo

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through Farm Bureau,” Fornstrom concluded.

“We are proud to recognize and show our appreciation for their distinguished service to agriculture, Farm Bureau, Johnson County and Wyoming.”

This article is courtesy of the Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation, the state’s largest general agriculture organization.

For more information on the organization, visit wyfb.org.

New Bosal and Mecate

A16 B8

Wyoming Livestock Roundup • Volume 32 No. 31 • November 28, 2020

It’s the Pitts

by Lee Pitts

Nuts and Bolts I love nuts, bolts and hardware so much, we came real close to opening a hardware store in our small town 40 years ago. Instead, we opened a stationery store, and someone else opened the hardware store.

We made a little money, but the hardware store owner struck a gold mine and is now living on his 200-foot yacht off the coast of Greece.

I love hardware stores, and by that I don’t mean Home Depot, Lowe’s, Men-

ards or Tractor Supply – all great stores. However, we live 30 minutes away from the nearest Home Depot, which means it’s a one-hour trip to buy one carriage bolt or a bar of Lava Soap.

When I say hardware store, I’m talking about the ones that serve small rural communities. In many respects ours is very much like the general store of yesteryear, where we can buy pet food, rhododendrons, Carhartt hoodies, soda pop,

Five Hour Energy drinks, candy bars and deck screws all in one place.

Ours even has an all new frozen food section for recently divorced men who want to buy their dinner in the same store they buy their chainsaws.

Our local hardware store is bulging at the seams, so every morning they move out plants, barbecue pits, patio furniture and even dinosaurs for the garden, so the sidewalk out front looks like a Tijuana swap meet.

Our local hardware store doesn’t sell beer and wine, but they do give away free popcorn on the weekend.

There’s just something about the smell of popcorn drenched in butter that makes you want to buy a $300 leaf blower.

Over the years I’ve collected my own hardware

store of sorts with a giant collection of nuts, bolts, hinges, washers, refrigerator lightbulbs, bearings, padlocks, bug spray, metric sockets, O rings and WD-40.

You can never have enough WD-40. I’m so well stocked that on rare occasions when the hardware store doesn’t have something, they send the customer to my house.

Normally, I’d rather have a root canal than go shopping, so while my wife buys our necessities in the grocery and drugstores I’m getting in a little retail therapy getting blisters on my MasterCard in the hardware store doing the same thing, buying necessities like an air freshener for the car and sacks of bulk nails. Even though, with the advent of nail guns, no one has hammered in a nail since 1982.

The best part of having a

local hardware store is when the rubber flap thingy in the back of the toilet breaks and we can’t wait for Amazon to deliver a replacement part or make multiple trips to Home Depot and waste an hour in trip time and another waiting for a salesperson to help us. I wouldn’t live near a town that didn’t have its own hardware store and here’s why.

Recently the faucet in my bathroom sprung a gusher, and I thought it would be an easy fix, even though it was 35 years old. I thought all I needed was the rubber washer on the bottom. When I took it back the first time, the sales associate said I’d merely bought the wrong washer.

In my second trip, back the associate suggested I buy the entire stem, which, much to my chagrin, was

also the wrong size. Ditto the third and fourth trips.

On the fifth trip, I wore a disguise and waited until the associate who’d helped me earlier was on her break.

The new associate suggested a different fix but I never did get the right part.

I decided to go to a store on my next trip into a bigger town to avoid further embarrassment.

Thankfully, a few days later when I took the wrong part back to our local hardware store for a refund the clerk didn’t recognize me.

I apologized and said, “I must hold the record for having to come back to the hardware store the most times on the same day.”

She just laughed and said, “No, I just heard on my break about one idiot who had to come back five times.”

RIVERTON LIVESTOCK AUCTION Friday, November 20 Market Report • 1,678 Head Representative Sales COWS FORT BRIDGER 2 Cow, 1080# .................................... $56.00 FARSON 6 Cow, 1088# .................................... $54.50 RIVERTON 4 Cow, 1612# .................................... $54.50 4 Cow, 1345# .................................... $54.00 LANDER 5 Cow, 1014# .................................... $53.00 16 Cow, 1064# .................................... $52.50 BOULDER 6 Cow, 1315# .................................... $51.00 BIG PINEY 7 Cow, 1256# .................................... $50.50 9 Cow, 1222# .................................... $50.00 SAVERY 11 Cow, 1157# .................................... $49.50 LANDER 7 Cow, 1227# .................................... $49.00 12 Cow, 1167# .................................... $48.50 14 Cow, 1020# .................................... $48.25 BOULDER 12 Cow, 1084# .................................... $47.00 LANDER 13 Cow, 1014# .................................... $46.50 DANIEL 10 Cow, 1117# .................................... $45.50 FARSON 7 Cow, 1137# .................................... $44.25 LANDER 13 Cow, 1107# .................................... $43.25 SHOSHONI 7 Cow, 1104# .................................... $42.00 BULLS PAVILLION 2 Bull, 1945# ..................................... $80.00 SHOSHONI 3 Bull, 1516# ..................................... $79.50 LYMAN 2 Bull, 1627# ..................................... $78.50 RIVERTON 1 Bull, 2115# ..................................... $76.50 BIG PINEY 2 Bull, 1862# ..................................... $75.00 CROWHEART 1 Bull, 2115# ..................................... $74.50 LANDER 3 Bull, 1738# ..................................... $71.00 JACKSON 1 Bull, 2235# ..................................... $69.50

LANDER 4 Bull, 1731# ..................................... $65.50 HEIFERETTES THERMOPOLIS 27 Heiferette, 822# ............................. $81.00 BOULDER 18 Heiferette, 826# ............................. $81.00 LANDER 20 Heiferette, 886# ............................. $80.25 JACKSON 11 Heiferette, 845#.............................. $78.25 BIG PINEY 14 Heiferette, 893# ............................. $75.00 DANIEL 10 Heiferette, 918# ............................. $72.50 16 Heiferette, 1013# ........................... $66.00 BIG PINEY 10 Heiferette, 1010# ........................... $65.75

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 1 CALF & YEARLING SPECIAL START TIME 9:00 AM Boreen Hay and Cattle - 40 Blk Ang & HerefordX Hfrs 500-600# 40 Blk Ang & HerefordX Strs 550-650#. Comp vacc this Spring & Fall (Inforce 3, Mannheimia, Clostridium) & poured. One brand, desert-raised and on fall pasture.

John Bown - 80 Blk, BWF, small % Red Strs & Hfrs. Rec’d Pyramid 5w/Presponse & 7 way.

Weaned 50 days & hay fed.

Hill & Hill Ranch – 69 Blk & Red AngX Strs 480680#. Rec Virashield 6 and Vision 8 w/Somnus @ Branding and Precon (Poured). Knife cut, high elevation. Sired by Leachman & Green Mountain Red Angus bulls. Heifers are Bangs vacc.

Jay Rodewald - 58 Blk AngX Strs & Hfrs 500-600#.

Rec Vision 7, Vista Once PMH @ Branding; Vista Once SQ, Barvac 7 w/Somnus & Safeguard @ Precon. Sired by Shippen Angus Bulls. Fancy!

Lee Schaffer - 50 Blk AngX Strs & Hfrs 550-650#.

Rec Pyramid 5 w/Presponse & 7-way @ Branding. High Desert!

Devries Livestock - 50 Blk Strs & Hfrs 400#. Comp vacc @ Branding & Precon. May/June calves.

Fancy!

Early Consignments

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4

calve March/April. Comp vacc & poured this Fall. Stout cows bred to stout bulls!

Greet Ranch - 12 Running Age Blk Ang Bred cows. Bred to Low PAP Blk Ang bulls to start calving March 15th.

Gary Meredith - 2 Blk bred 3 & 4 Year old Bred cows. Bred to Blk Ang bulls to calve April/May. Poured this fall and cows are all natural!

BRED COW SPECIAL • START TIME 9:00 AM W/ WEIGH UPS • BREDS @ NOON BRED HEIFERS Fleur de Lis Cattle Co - 60 Blk Ang & AngX Bred Hfrs 1,000-1,100#. Bred to LBW Reyes Blk Ang bulls to start calving 2/25 for 60 days.

Rec Virashield 6 VL5, Multimin, wormed w/ Safeguard & poured w/ Cleanup. Big, stout Bred Heifers! Bred to reputation bulls.

Greet Ranch - 53 Blk Ang Bred Heifers. Bred to Low Birth Weight, Low PAP Vermillion Countdown sons to start calving 3/10. Rec Virashield 6 VL5 & poured. One iron, reputation, high elevation!

Ray & Ladonna Good - 40 Bred Blk Ang Hfrs.

Bred to LBW Blk Ang bulls to start calving March 1st. Rec Virashield 6 VL5 & Vision 7 w/ Somnus & Safeguard Prebreeding.

Poured this fall. Nice, reputation Bred Heifers!

Sarah Faith Ranch - 35 Black Angus Bred Hfrs 1,000-1,050#. Bred to LBW Black Angus Bulls to start calving April 1st. Fancy, high elevation!

BRED COWS Rafter Cross - 100 Blk Ang & AngX 3 Yr old Bred cows. Bred to Blk SimAng bulls to calve March/April. Rec Virashield 6 VL5, 8-way & poured. Weaned calves 10/1. Fancy, 2nd calf cows. High elevation.

47QC - 80 Blk SM Bred cows. Bred to Blk Ang bulls to calve March/April. Rec Virashield 6, Safeguard & poured this Fall. Fancy!

Larsen Ranch - 80 Blk Ang 4 Yr old-ST Bred cows. Bred to Paint Rock & Diamond Peak Blk Ang bulls to start calving March 20th.

Reputation, one iron. High elevation!

Fleur de Lis Cattle Co - 50 Blk AngX 3 Yr old Bred cows. Bred to Reyes Blk Ang bulls to start calving 3/15 for 60 days. Rec Virashield 6 VL5, Multimin, wormed w/ Safeguard & poured w/ Cleanup. Powerful, high desert.

JM Livestock - 40 Blk Ang & AngX 3-5 Year old Bred cows. Bred to Blk SimAng bulls to

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8 CALF & YEARLING SPECIAL START TIME 9:00 AM Cody & Danielle Post - 70 Blk AngX Strs 425475#. Rec Vista Once SQ, Vision 7 w/ Somnus & Nasalgen @ Branding. High elevation. Green & fancy!

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11 COW SALE • START TIME 9:00AM

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 15 CALF & YEARLING SPECIAL START TIME 9:00 AM

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 18 COW SALE W/ SHEEP & HORSES START TIME 9:00 AM W/ SHEEP AND WEIGH UPS LAST SALE OF 2020

All sales are broadcast live on the internet at www.cattleusa.com.

Please register online to bid on livestock. Be sure to check out our country cattle listings at www.cattleusa.com

Contact: Riverton Livestock Auction (307) 856-2209 • Jeff Brown (307) 850-4193 • Tom Linn (307) 728-8519 • Boone Snidecor (307) 231-1059 Mark Winter (580) 747-9436 • www.rivertonlivestock.com • Also watch our live cattle auction at www.cattleusa.com

1490 South 8th Street East • River ton, WY 82501 • (307) 856-2209

Volume 31

Number

4 • May 25,

2019

Volume 31 Number 9 • June 29, 2019

Volume 30 ®

Number 44

• March 2,

2019

®

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Wyoming consumption 50 years, meat t Association statetheand and ever-changi Derek Scasta, University of Wyoming (UW) rangeland value toof The (2015)s,and ers Association (WSGA) is mitigation theDrought Beef grazing operations: the for for delayed has increased (WBCIA) states asBull Cattle strong 45-day report, released a whole,” their 32 nd stated cattle on begins tenfold in countries expectation annual extension specialist, assistant professor ofIngwTest and rangeland manfeed set of matching pleased to announce the addithe animal to the environment (2016) is preparing on Jan. 10, in the report Jour- sale on Wyoming agriculture published March 15. Weed Pest The sale like South says ecologist. showed on Science Korea. In 1970, American cold, snowy bulls that were performing is set in agement and plant-herbivore Feb. 25, interactions nal of for March(WyWP) Animal tion of several new officers: as well question. other articles in Wyoming,” total weather in Fremont Pingetzer’s the as several into and that residents there Coordinator for well, despite a 15 at 1 p.m. supply us herewith a comto come consumed slightly Bull of hurt After visiting in these cattle recovering, producers, The making observaand It the Western is Farmer-Stockman, Scott Sims, David will Kane, Beef County.

Magazine Dan really remainder and on Heifer living Break be held at inWhile Shoshoni andProgresthe Wyoming Departthat 1,000-plus Developmen economy allyfeed more than of the test brought “The 11 pounds weather, but tions of his own and moving to Wyoming, Scasta headwanted ann. t Center between indus- and Farmer, Holiday Frank, JW equine Scasta ExtensionRiverton. bulleLiveof and technologic itysive menttheof Agriculture lotsanwill During bull performance history of decidedplicated Slade is to put out more feedlots industry.” the Rankin and Braderson-Niem itcapacrichindustry be offered, year, but todaymeat protein a ous years. to delve and the sale, 86 high-quality into research on Jan. regarding the horse trends, eco- 11.690 tin summarizing popularity, Mead. The new his findings appointeesreally helps The Wyomingwill be was consistent snowy, cold Niein Wyoming d society, and including new events, 1 was Franklin, Hereford the Wyofoundation to so ranchers they are well events gain IngwersonAngus, during sophisticate million strong with previbull. answers nomicsa and above 100 pounds. implications state, on rangeland of the increasing theuse to RedLegislature’s beyond Bull numbers could bring adding head, extensive the them.right As equine is racing forward, knowledge Angus and stock Roundup27 in obser“There is 1.7% ming State higher in Wyoming,” industry to forget es across have easy a getzer, May often with of beefhere cattle. allowed the horse the “I than “Their economy got toare of Wyoming’s talking Dallas Mount, UW Extension agriculture equine size activities l opportuniti who run the been steady this year, previous closed on Memorial Day. try in Wyoming agriculture meeting on year. problems (UW) Extension Rabou, This educationa but “This test, says the Ron “I got withhas Travis Smith at the UW beef unit,” says life’s grown to lower range educator industry to in than Wheatland the association’s mann stresses. long ofisus, vation of venues and University of Wyoming June 10. trend has beenBob Pinwhere they has Niemann. times.” average Inc., frontof the and co-coordinator of the enjoys a tough to Farms, were ableracing to use data from their analyst afford to pay can cows theto start inHigh of toward Plains leadershipisserving Ranch Practicum, the live- persistScasta. through“We Rabou As our staffat home with according estimates really looking Please see WBCIA “Invasive species are Jennifer Ingwersonis one of that were for product at the and he wanted to use the to answer someHorse industry of these in the context of5 Wyo- owner its availability,” and horse racing data to runput on page A15 unitforward attendees business cost of Bankproduction numbers to see how the and familieses weekend equine stock Equine Specialist says questions a very cross-cutting threat we also hold latereminded for the opportuniti of in according to January Agricultural Niemannand climate.”see HORSE on page ming’s rangelands excited John “The Wyoming Wyoming and by Please protecting see COWS their on page Please 4 their families, of all servery Hinners, Ingwersonconfirmed Niemann. that have the potential to once we are Wyoming vice president of again last in Newcastle Ingwersonof industry success legislative, regulathe memories women who positive, and future,” sayseconomic, week. On affect the state at a number relations for er’s Conference the recent economy average, the and creditsjudicial, the analysts expected U.S. Meat Export the environmental, vicemen to come in is of different levels,” added the state -Niemann tory, on May 15. serving in the total Federation recovery Ingewerson inventory the custom answerto Rabou (USMEF). and cultural interests. died while in our hearts.

The Brian Mealor, director be up industry to 2.3% compared state, agriculture. the is to in U.S. military the equine the last few years. of Hinners of the Sheridan Research down thebeginning referring to previin ous year. spoke about industry, has made natural resources went export opportunities “Since the and Extension Center and the energy Drop been entrusted “When of a job in for the U.S. associate professor at the Rabou were out time, we have Economy survey of USDA’s monthly Catcreation,” many people University of Wyoming.

Emerging markets to care for involved in the tle on Feed reports showed A monthly 10 Plains in Weed and Pest program Emerging said of those “That is a big cattle and calves on feed rural bankers states showed South Korea markets like “The history of weed ag industry. for the slaughter market in play an enorand western the confidence are important Transportin to U.S. agriculture in control in the state of deal. Producers for crethe United States for feedThe g hay a decline in caring role for because economy. for export by mous else production Wyoming is pretty long lots with capacity of 1,000 rail to There is nobody of the farm in this country West Coast survey ports exceeds ation. directly and extensive and dates is becoming in who or more head totaled 11.7 what it can consume.

Rural Mainstreet a decline a growing trend, according in the world back to 1896,” said Frank“According every single million head on June 1. The May showed 50 in April to CattleFax to The from Hoyt Report.effects literally lin. data, each of “Now, we probinventory was 2% above Scores the index Thisperson.” us is occurin May. growring becauseliving ably have the best Weed consume anotherwould need to problems June 1, 2018 and the highest to 48.5 Big world suggest a “Fifty rates, new of competitive and Pest program in the red meat each 40 pounds of June 1 inventory since the above 50 continued, trucking while scores Rabou regula- world’s poptions and country.” up with our year just to keep series began in 1996. shrinking economy, Bull test -a general of the production,” indicate a The Wyoming percent shortless than age of available Today, WyWP conHinners says. below 50 Beef Cattle will holds its lives on Test The survey’s Improvement transport ulation 40 percent trucks. categories, the econwas complete,annual sale on March sists of two ing economy.

Exports are Association a day, and test page index for 5 15. and bulls were As WyWP districts Hereford cows - Some cows, such as these Herefords in Torrington, are fed$2.50 for U.S. grain also positive confidence months dropped in a lot during 1, theand the ready to go. of March see AG on Please certain producers.

Curt times of the year. Callie Hanson photo WyWP council.

Cox photo The penultimate sale of omy in six 38.2, the lowest “Eleven percent “The WyWP districts the 2018-19 wool selling seaof the from 50 to years. value of a bushel 2 of grain can Please see WEEDS on page 12 son produced another week of in almost be attributed to deal losses, photo following in the footners continues. exports,” HinRoundup may not d The Wyoming Livestock address steps of price reductions expeWyoming notes producers Liveway they In fact, the National stockFoster Weed Sprea same Board (WLSB) a threat rienced during the previous the erosion, eagles the predators.

Corn Growers Association scheduled has Torrington - The George Ochsner Ranchpose was chosen Among the a tele-confere left about4-H and the county level th entirefor with As the temperatures two weeks. The Eastern Marand bald eagles or other rise, is profor a chance to comwreckage Partnerships moting the coyotes meeting things to know across theEnvironmental 2019 Wyoming Golden Stock Growers Association nottwo nce between value debris and of major flood for are says, FFA students ket Indicator (EMI) is now March from across producers at the Wyoming State Fair held in to successfullyWyoming conservation Please see WORLD of grain 7 at 10 Foster sheep Stewardship to toconserving pete Award and a celebration of the awarda.m. is meeting and tour “There eagles,” WS organizations in the wake are gearing with with 350 cents below the record it up work compete on page A18 may be one at their local August. across by eagles agricultural are key include dealingtopics the nation. can to took place onstate legislative Juneof 20.Wyoming.

What began as a humble of sheep saysoperevents, weedsthings grow”family county in Wyoming producers Han- in August of last year fairs as achieved updates wellRecently, asand thethey Wyoming Though lands competitive in nature, native ing that and ation in 1923, has“Predation and the Canine dysautonom grown into a multi-generational, an problems in Wyoming, executive eagle multi-facthis partnership State Agency of the last Fort Bridger the State Fair by flood− a Wyoheld session, reduction of 16.5%. The inService Douglas. hard character alleviate (WS) essary. common and friendships made durbeen shrouded ia (CD) Wyoming Their help displayedbuilt if neceted operationfairly Farm the that values both family Services and the environment. proabout. nah Bugas joined EMIteam ers affected a Stock with significant has The in work and dedication has fallen will mystery Growers 307 be cents put to since test as ing Wildlife call-in work number these times are priceless.

“Multiple covery in the He explains Roundup Land since its disUSDA In partnership losses.its 100th conservation with the Wyoming to is 877-278-27 Stock Growers Trust (WSGLT) event when Asso-can they ing are concerned east offset edisome of the compete the corresponding forpleted Michael Foster. top honors within their sale of 2018 ciation The Wyoming project. The many species ming Livestock signs of the Livestock Roundup is Universityearly 1990s.

38,to Meet south and PIN (FSA) DirectorDepartment and Wyoming in partnership earliest oftoAgriculture, Me species easement project completed thiswith award disease are However, seed are still this week as assistant nt CoorProtected 533126. counties. −from a losstheof 14.8%. Currently, of Wyoming – from north to support the youth tite of Wyoming a lack of appeManageme have issues researcher was comducerscattlemen The project,both with Theproud Conservation recognizes Wyoming statenatural whose resource stewof weed Damage (UW) tomsand regurgitation, but Brant Schumaker being car- tor after graduatingthere with From located cattleferred are 30,872 bales rosFund. to covering and explains sheep, to cats Animal and we look forward – acrossto the county to determine these sympby andin Sublette west sheep.” also present Johnson toprotected contribute see the onenvironment and viable after floodwaters, University of Wyoming WSGLT is trying County, we enhance agri-sale, with selling in ardship practices dogs,Jerry Wyoming tered in for have earlier worked are with a fairs from predation acrosswhich the state as the summer this month, twostudents disease to the cause of the often-fatal other common eagles productivity andeagle conservation been a bachelor’s degree profitability.

“Most year a often seen dinator different ried through Wyoming is a wonderful was transbetter illnesses in number of adds,Each hardand to bald prepareranching alltions threeand their projects to centers. but I’ve organizations be the progresses. may have He qualities and dog owners prepare veterinarian example of “The disease dogs.

Proranch is chosen for these miles, cultural communica afterlambs, applying. – includ- golden working in and some families Eagle on young federal best they laws. can be Golden for show moves very day.and In addis Schumaker to treat the d many theforbest science and ourinterest county fair series the WyomingStay tuned and According toimpacts n on all sheep Dixie Roth, Ochsner-Roth “Working quickly,” transporte them to new minors in animal disease.

Inc. encompasses ewes. three“ThetoBald of Canine dysautonom Bird says. traditional inTreaty animal projects, g welandscape, partnership cover Based on tion downhill within “Some cases will 8 stu- as eagle depredatiotsPlease Migratory WSGLT. of our hard“To be WSGLT, and full-grown the introducin with ranchingthesaysuccesses see seen, on pagehome AWARD page 5 ia asonwell.” the Act, wejudging, graphic design. go put dents may alsoSchlager, accomplish most compete in raised on pastures.

EAGLES a few days working 4-H and recent FFA students families may persist ing replacemen to lose control simply, CD causes sciencetection Please see The several The was Food and Drug fields and and others and the throughBugas was be calf damage for sheep keybusy and weeks.” arts and quiz-type contests. dogs Conservation out this objectives,” exten2019 fairsaid of subconscio season.

Fromfunctions where she the our There can there are optionssive calculations n, protect a family’s Schumaker Fund Wyoming (FDA)Hannah is Bugas Dan us bodily Bugas Ranch, Administration depredatio of aSome such will be competing in care of While team to yours,state ng range GOOD widestudents LUCK! ranchingatheritage in 2015, director. of factors, conserve heart rate and as urination, digestion, the disease is comments the length extending the comment experienci actively involved critical habitat for future generations “We of Wyoming it is estiof dependent Pasture Health mated that producers University begins to cattle herd. explains. “Theeye dilation,” Schumaker of factors including period on their on a variety Public Hear-School, and spent the pasture-to- cies that depend upon for Wyoming’s spectacular periodical and to attend the View High As calving producers family decideding disease attacks plate journey individual theperiodical tibility and wildlife speranch’s open the many on Scientific Data tion skills, preparing rons in the She many suscepthe neudifferential from Mountaincommunicaand body that control spaces. We’re tant protein of this impor- to WSGLTranching families wrap up, their attention About Products tions.” grateful to we’ve worked after graduatingInformation source requires these func- cause of the disease. exposure to the for career developing with for their are turning grazing pasabout 1,910 Cannabis or Can- the lunch table partners and our long-time strategic “It was previously her college Containing vision, in ag journalism. as a staple on holds a very funders for the alliance and to summerthe availability of water per U.S. gallons accomplishin believed the Compounds to all of our effectiveness the Roundup her for a careernabis-Derived industry and pound ag the the disat g these great successes tures of our collaboration to get Canadian beef time Please see UW through in the Federal Bugas remembers Register from “The Wyoming Bo on page A6 to spend my agriculture, in and says, of feed moving table. That’s to the dinner “Over Alley, executive director together.” for 2 to JulyI am 16. excited At the pubyear. According at the ranch July periodical of the WSGLT, my passion in my heart. rest of the National Agrishare as the “waterwhat is known Trust the past 18 years, the it was requestedinhabit the beautiful commented, special place lic hearing others who Wyoming has footprint” to USDA’s Service people whoof more knowledgebeef production. of Wyoming developed strong partnerships Stock Growers thattheawonderful 30-day extension Roundup meeting Land becoming agricultural cultural StatisticsLivestock Water is and trust recycled – the comment period but the and appreciate.” forcommunity.

Daily learning about to those efforts. and ultimately sometimes to love This milestone among the and the rainfall grown We are proud in a very complex “We all feel is a FDA feels Iahave 14-day extension state of Wyoming “Ample is a testament comments, Giving back Report, She- The Oschner-Roth family has process, the lifestyle chosen to donate periodical Sunwithout biological Fund and Wyoming ranch to work with organizations drought presDennis adequate Roundup. time able about allows and to Publisher like the stewardship one of and minimal it all comes ture lands and ecosystems families with us at thea portion of their $10,000 prize for environmental to conserve periodical Roundup back to be delaying further to work action. produced neighbors in need in Nebraska. Callie Hanson photo preserve our that are emblematic the vital agriculused again. sure has condition tunate Hannah decided history – and Livestock Roundup of the West – for the future.” that provide the best pasture The latyoung lady.” Bugas to the Wyoming that boundless opportunities history.” of talented rating in Welcome Hannah ylr.net. showed 66% hannah@w est report range in good by e-mailing pasture and condition. periodical or excellent

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