Wyoming Livestock Roundup 4.22.24

Construction on irrigation tunnels may begin this fall

On April 10, University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Extension hosted the 2024 Yonts Water Conference at the UNL Panhandle Research, Extension and Education Center

Quick Bits

Snow Report

In the 18th snow report for Water Year 2024, the state’s snowpack telemetry data reads 92% of median, with a basin high of 111% and a basin low of 21%. Last year, the state was at 124% and at 85% in 2022. The report and a map displaying basin snow water equivalent percentages of median for the state may be found at wrds.uwyo.edu/ wrds/nrcs/nrcs.html

WLSB Meeting

The Wyoming Livestock Board (WLSB) has scheduled a public meeting for April 26 at 8 a.m. via Zoom. Topics include legislative updates, brand inspection recording updates and animal health updates, to name a few, as well as other administrative board business and matters. For more information or to access the Zoom link, visit wlsb.state. wy.us

CSSHA Event

In honor of the late Laurie Gardner, the Cowboy State Stock Horse Association (CSSHA) will host the Laurie Gardner Memorial Ranch Days June 15-16. The event will take place at the Fremont County Fairgrounds in Riverton and will feature open and youth sorting events, an open ranch branding, an open ironman/woman competition and more. Prizes include a youth all around saddle and open all around belt buckle. All proceeds will benefit the Gardner family. For more information or to sign up, visit csshaclub.com or call 307-851-3820.

Project Tour

The Wyoming Water Association and Wyoming Association of Conservation Districts is joining forces to host a tour of projects showcasing the management of Wyoming’s water resources. The event will take place in Pinedale June 17-18 and will feature projects in the Upper Green River Basin. For more information, visit wyomingwater.org or conservewy.com

in Scottsbluff, Neb.

During the event, representatives from the Goshen Irrigation District and HDR Engineering presented an update on the progress of replacing two tunnels on

the Goshen and Gering-Fort Laramie Irrigation districts’ main canal.

The collapse of Tunnel Number Two in July 2019 washed out the supply canal south of Fort Laramie

and ended water delivery to local growers for 44 days, affecting nearly 107,000 acres of crops during a critical period of growth.

In an effort to get

Quarterly Ag Report

CoBank Knowledge Exchange provides updates and outlook on first half of the year

On April 11, CoBank Knowledge Exchange (CoBank) published their first quarterly report of 2024, which provides updates and outlooks on the U.S. economy and agriculture industry.

Overall, the report notes strong labor and consumer spending have led many experts to dismiss their earlier concerns of a recession. But, there is still some unease regarding the U.S. economy, including higher-thanideal inflation and interest rates.

“The Federal Reserve has assured interest rate cuts are coming this year. However, it also appears to be admitting inflation will take longer to subside than it had hoped for earlier and interest rates will not return to their pre-pandemic lows in the foreseeable future,” reports CoBank.

UW hosts annual Ram Test Field Day

The University of Wyoming (UW) Research and Extension Center hosted its annual Ram Test and Field Day on April 13 at the Laramie Research and Extension Center (LREC).

The event celebrated its 65th anniversary, and UW presented results from the 140-day performance test, as well as how test results can be used to assist producers in making selection decisions.

Along with highlighting data and historic trends, the Wyoming Wool Initiative provided lunch, and attendees had the opportunity to view tested rams and participate in a silent auction.

UW test highlights

“This was the first year we hosted international rams at the event,” stated UW LREC Assistant Farm and Sheep Unit Manager Kalli Koepke. “We received 89 head of rams from 21 producers across Texas, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado and Canada.”

She noted the event showcased three Rambouillets, two Columbias, two Natural Rambouillets, five Targhees and two Merino and Merino-Rambouillet crosses.

With this centralized test, UW produces specific data on a variety of traits, giving producers the opportunity to use genetic testing to improve their herds.

Ram performance was evaluated based on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and muscling, as well as wool traits including weight, fineness, length and clean yield.

Rams who perform in the top 30 percent of the test

Beef, pork and poultry

For beef, CoBank Lead Economist for Animal Protein Brian Earnest notes high consumer demand and a 70-year U.S. cattle inventory low have resulted in record-high prices across the board, and these prices are expected to remain high.

“Fed cattle futures have jumped into the $180s, the boxed beef cutout averaged a 7.6 percent premium yearover-year during the first quarter and retail beef prices were up eight percent in February,” reports Earnest.

“For now, lean beef trim values have skyrocketed, up more than 30 percent from where they started this year,” he continues. “Lean beef imports are projected to rise as well, and it is all but certain after two years as

Transatlantic cooperation

NCBA outlines highlights from U.S. and EU Collaboration Platform on Agriculture

On April 8-9, representatives from across the U.S. and the European Union (EU) met in Washington, D.C. for the 2024 U.S.-EU Collaboration Platform on Agriculture (CPA), a venue for transatlantic agriculture cooperation which began in November 2021.

This was the first year the forum was held in the U.S.

On April 10, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) Executive Director of Government Affairs Kent Bacus, NCBA Chief Council MaryThomas Hart and NCBA Policy Division Chair and Idaho Rancher Kim Brackett sat down during an episode of the association’s Beltway Beef podcast to discuss some highlights from the event.

Building a relationship

To begin, Bacus notes the CPA is an endeavor between the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and their European counterparts to build a relationship and share research, policy and production ideas, while working toward the common goal of sustainable

UNL identifies new genetic defects in cattle

University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) researchers have recently identified two new genetic mutations – delayed blindness in Herefords and bovine familial convulsions and ataxia (BFCA) in Angus cattle.

According to a UNL BeefWatch article by UNL Animal Science Breeding and Genetic PhD Candidate Rachel Reith, understanding and identifying genetic mutations allows beef producers to make breeding decisions to avoid producing cattle affected by these mutations.

UNL researchers have spent years studying genomics to identify mutations and develop tests to help producers make informed decisions.

“The two most recently identified

genetic mutations and the tools to address them will help producers make breeding decisions to reduce health issues caused by delayed blindness and BFCA,” says Reith. These mutations were identified by producers who reported the issue to breed associations or local universities, who then contacted UNL.

Herefords

Efforts between UNL researchers and the American Hereford Association (AMA) led to a commercial test for a new genetic condition – delayed blindness.

“The investigation began after several American Hereford’s were reported blind in both eyes, with presumed onset

WYLR photo

Publisher Dennis Sun discusses why American beef is the best in the world Page 2

Ventenata and medusahead update provided by UW Extension Page 4 Test

Postcard from the Past looks back on silver fox farming in Platte Valley

American beef is the best in the world.

I’m not bragging. It is proven and supported by worldwide demand for our beef.

This demand has been constant despite the high prices people are paying for American beef.

CattleFax says, “The higher trend of beef at retail is expected to continue, with prices forecasted to reach eight dollars per pound sometime in the next few months. Expect more modest beef retail prices moving into the second half of the year as economic challenges remain for the consumer.”

The current average price of beef is around $7.89 per pound, which is up six cents per pound from February and 66 cents per pound from year-ago levels.

CattleFax goes on to say, “While beef prices have pushed higher at a fairly consistent rate over the last few years, the same cannot be said for pork and chicken. Both composite pork and composite broiler prices increased rapidly during the COVID19 pandemic but have since moved in a more sideways pattern, failing to retest the highs in price set in the fall of 2022.”

“Moving forward, we can expect higher beef prices to be supportive of prices in the pork and chicken complexes,” CattleFax continues. “Higher prices in the retail case will be necessary to ration tighter beef supplies, which will ultimately lead to levels of consumer substitution to alternative proteins.”

I cringe when I hear “alternative proteins,” but understand with ever-present inflation, consumers have to look elsewhere, while hopefully still favoring beef.

To some, imported beef is a curse, while others say it adds value to some beef byproducts such as beef fat. Imported beef is usually really lean beef, but when American beef fat is mixed with lean beef, you will have a good added-value hamburger product.

The value of beef trimmings is reflected in the current high prices of cull cows and bulls ranchers are receiving today.

Americans need to be very careful of which imported beef is allowed into the U.S. The Biden administration’s November rule to approve fresh beef imports from Paraguay has raised concerns with many in the U.S., as Paraguay has a long history of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in their cattle.

This disease can be transmitted to the U.S. from fresh meat cuts. While most of the meat from Paraguay is trimmings, it is fresh.

There hasn’t been a FMD outbreak in the U.S. since 1929. In contrast, Paraguay’s last reported outbreak was in 2012.

Kent Bacus, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association executive director of governmental affairs, said, “Eighty-five percent of beef consumed in the U.S. is American beef. This creates a responsibility to make sure our reputation is protected. When we have countries which have a questionable track record, we have concerns it could undermine the integrity of the entire U.S. beef system.”

Eighty-five percent of Paraguay’s FMD mitigation measures are funded from the private sector, not the government. There are concerns they can continue to fund the level of safety they claimed when the U.S. Department of Agriculture considered on their risk assessment.

Paraguay wants to tell other countries, “If our meat is good enough to import into the U.S., it should be good enough for other countries to do so as well.”

I don’t feel the U.S. should be supporting Paraguayan beef at the risk of American beef – the world’s best.

OPINIONS

Failed Biden Trade Policies Mean Falling Ag Exports Hurting American Farmers

American farmers and ranchers have faced increasing challenges in recent years made worse by President Joe Biden’s refusal to lay out a strategic trade agenda and, worse, his failure to advocate for American agriculture on the world stage.

In 2023, the U.S. agricultural trade deficit reached a staggering $21 billion, continuing a trend of rising trade deficits which began under the current administration.

This is especially alarming when compared to the average trade surplus of over $5.2 billion for U.S. agriculture during the Trump administration.

U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai recently downplayed the significance of rising agricultural trade deficits, citing the “strength” of the U.S. economy and dollar which has given Americans more buying power on the international market.

The Ways and Means Committee

By Rep. Jason Smith

has traveled across the country to speak with working Americans, farmers, ranchers and small businesses. What they have told us directly contradicts Tai’s claims.

American farmers and ranchers face not only poor economic conditions and rising prices but trade barriers across the world which block them from being able to compete fairly in foreign markets.

For example, Thailand currently slaps American beef producers with a 50 percent tariff, severely limiting their access to the market and contributing to rising trade deficits, which are projected to grow to a record $30.5 billion this year.

Trade barriers like this exist because the Biden administration has not prioritized the interests of American agriculture producers by demanding our trade partners eliminate unfair tariffs and non-tariff barriers to U.S. food.

It’s time for the administration to stop passing the blame.

Unfortunately, the Biden administration continues to drag its feet on enforcing existing trade agreements to protect our agriculture exporters. Simultaneously, it is bypassing Congress to negotiate fake, unenforceable trade dialogues, working groups, compacts and handshakes on an ad hoc basis – zero strategy whatsoever.

Without robust enforcement and a proactive trade agenda respecting Congress’ constitutional trade authority, the U.S. stands no chance of holding our trading partners accountable or combatting China’s unfair trade practices.

In stark contrast to Biden’s inaction, the Trump administration aggressively pursued a trade agenda which prioritized the interests of American farmers and ranchers.

Grizzly kills cattle

A grizzly bear was euthanized on April 15 after confirmed cattle depredation on private land south of Ten Sleep.

On April 14, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD) investigated a report of an injured cow with wounds consistent with a grizzly bear depredation. Wildlife managers verified nearby tracks and signs which suggested the bear frequented the ranch for approximately one week.

The subadult male grizzly bear was euthanized after consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) due to its involvement in depredation and its behavior frequenting the ranch.

The location of the conflict was in the basin of the Big Horn Mountains and more than 80 miles from the eastern boundary of what is known as the Demographic Monitoring Area – the area considered biologically and socially suitable for grizzly bears.

Grizzly bears have not been documented in this area south of the Big Horn Mountains since long before the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem population was listed under the Endangered Species Act in the 1970s.

“Wyoming’s grizzly bear population is managed and monitored where suitable habitat exists as designated by the USFWS and informed by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team,” said WGFD Director Brian Nesvik.

“The Big Horn Mountain Range is not suitable habitat, and the department is not interested in allowing grizzly bears to occupy this area,” he added. “Their expansion into unsuitable habitat leads to increased conflict potential between bears and humans, which impedes the success of grizzly bear conservation.”

NWSS adds P&G show

The Colorado Simmental Association (CSA) will hold a new Simmental Division in the 2025 National Western Stock Show’s (NWSS) Simmental Bull Pen Show in Denver.

The new division, called Phenotype and Genotype (P&G), will be in addition to the standard Purebred and Percentage Simmental pen shows at NWSS.

The objective of adding the P&G Purebred Bull Pen Show is to create another avenue for exhibitors at the NWSS Simmental Pen Show, said CSA President Willie Altenburg of Fort Collins, Colo. “With the increased use of expected progeny differences (EPDs) by cattlemen, this new division would provide an educational opportunity to highlight and learn about the value of EPDs as well as economic selection indexes as a part of the seedstock selection process.”

In its inaugural year, the P&G division will be limited to Purebred Simmental Pen of Three classes. Animals entered in the P&G division will be evaluated by a separate judge and associate judge under a system which combines assessment of the bulls’ genotypes, which include EPDs, dollar values and phenotypes.

Phenotype and genotype judging will be equally weighted at 50 percent.

For rules and details on the new division, visit coloradosimmental.com

TRADE continued from page 2

The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is a prime example of what can be achieved when the U.S. holds our trading partners accountable.

The Biden administration must aggressively utilize this agreement to protect American farmers, whether for biotechnology in Mexico or dairy access in Canada. The new and improved enforcement mechanisms included within USMCA must be utilized to ensure market access for our agriculture products.

The successes of the Trump administration’s trade agenda were not accidental but rather the result of putting the needs of American farmers and ranchers first. This approach should be the blueprint for American trade because we have seen the results, and America’s farmers have felt them.

The Biden administration must learn from its mistakes and look to the successes of its predecessor. This means enforcing existing trade agreements, holding trade partners accountable for unfair practices and advocating for greater market access for American agricultural products.

As the breadbasket of the world, American farmers and ranchers have the capacity to feed and clothe not only our own nation but other nations around the world.

We can only realize this potential if our trade policies support and promote the interests of America’s agricultural sector like they did under the Trump administration.

The Ways and Means Committee and Congress stand ready to work with the Biden administration to ensure new and fair market access for U.S. farmers and ranchers. The current trade deficit makes clear the status quo is no longer acceptable.

Republican Jason Smith represents Missouri’s Eighth Congressional District and is chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. This opinion column was originally published in

15.

Scoping period extended

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has extended the public scoping period for the Jackalope Wind Energy Project to May 2. This 15-day extension will provide time for additional public input to inform development of an environmental impact statement for the project.

As currently proposed, the Jackalope Wind Energy project includes approximately 213 wind turbine generators and associated infrastructure, which could generate up to 600 megawatts of clean electricity – enough to power roughly 250,000 homes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency Calculator.

Jackalope Wind, LLC, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC, proposes to construct the commercial wind energy project on 293,100 acres of public and private lands, including approximately 166,100 acres of public lands managed by the BLM and state lands managed by the Wyoming Office of State Lands and Investment.

For questions, contact BLM Rock Springs Field Manager Kimberlee Foster at 307-352-0201 or kfoster@blm.gov.

Mission provides opportunity

Under Secretary Alexis M. Taylor will lead a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agribusiness trade mission to New Delhi, India April 22-25.

The diverse delegation of 47 businesses and organizations and officials from 11 state departments of agriculture speaks volumes about the export sales opportunity the world’s most populous country represents for U.S. food and agricultural producers.

“India represents a growth economy for U.S. agribusinesses seeking to capture an increasing share of the household food purchases in the fifth-largest economy in the world,” Taylor said.

“India’s rising middle-class consumers’ familiarity with American food products and increased purchasing power is a real opportunity for U.S. producers,” she added. “This, along with the Indian consumers’ trusted view of American food and agricultural products as high quality, has contributed to an 11 percent growth in U.S. agricultural and ag-related exports to India over the past two years.”

While on the trade mission, participants will engage in targeted business-to-business meetings and site visits to build new trade linkages, strengthen existing partnerships, observe U.S. products in the marketplace and discover the latest Indian consumer food trends.

Participants will also receive in-depth market briefings from USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service and industry trade experts.

Funding support proposed

Republicans on the Senate Agriculture Committee have proposed putting $4 billion into the national crop insurance program. This means the government would pay a larger share of the policy premiums for the highest coverage levels.

The plan, called the Federal Agriculture Risk Management Enhancement and Resilience Act, would inject $4.2 billion over 10 years. Premium support for revenue and yield protection at the 80 percent coverage level would rise from 68 to 77 percent. At the 85 percent coverage level, protection would increase from 53 to 68 percent.

The proposed increases would only be provided to enterprises and whole farm units. The plan counters an earlier suggestion on crop insurance from Senate Ag Chair Debbie Stabenow (D-MT), who said her proposal was intended to jump-start negotiations on the farm bill.

NCBA continued from page 1

livestock production.

“Quite frankly, our relationship has been very icy and trade has been difficult,” shares Bacus. “This platform is recognition between our two governments that we need to find ways to work together as the two largest food-producing economies in the world.”

All three of the speakers brought up fundamental differences between the two countries which have caused some contention when it comes to trade.

“We have some fundamental differences between the way we use science for food production,” states Bacus. “Here, science is

the defining factor for everything, and ultimately, we have the safest and most efficient food production system in the world.”

He continues, “Europeans take other factors into consideration, like social concerns and things that are a little more subjective in nature and harder to measure.”

Further, Hart shares although she believes rural producers from both countries likely feel the same way about the existence, size and involvement of the federal government, European producers deal with more governmental control in their day-to-day lives.

EXTENSION EDUCATION

By Jaycie Arndt, UW Extension Educator

“We have seen this carried out to a greater extent in the EU – everything from regulations impacting their everyday production practices all the way to current proposals like their deforestation regulations or carbon border adjustments, which could even impact our ability in the U.S. to produce products for the European market,” she says.

Bacus adds through collaborative efforts like the CPA, the U.S. and EU have been able to strengthen their relationship, despite their differences, which has led to some very productive conversations.

Sharing ideas

These conversations

have allowed representatives from both countries to share their ideas in an effort to achieve the overarching goals of the forum.

Bacus notes the CPA allows producers and stakeholders to highlight individual production practices, shared sustainability goals and advances each country has made in production agriculture.

Brackett mentions she was able to discuss some of the specific challenges she has faced as a producer, most of which come down to increased scrutiny of the production practices she implements on her ranch.

“In addition to hearing Kim’s really valuable perspective, we also heard from the U.S. dairy indus-

try, a trade association representing livestock producers in the EU, as well as an EU animal welfare group,” says Hart. “It was really interesting to hear all of the different perspectives in the room.”

Working together

The majority of conversations taking place at the CPA were geared toward finding ways the two countries could work together toward a more sustainability agriculture industry.

“We are looking for opportunities like this CPA to have discussions with other producers, get ideas and look for solutions to continue to have sustainable production,” states Bacus. “But, it isn’t just about environmental sus-

tainability, it is also about economic sustainability.”

Bacus, Hart and Brackett agree sharing stories from individual producers, as well as the U.S. as a whole, will help the EU –and the rest of the world –understand the good work American producers are doing to take care of their land and their animals.

Moving forward, Bacus notes the U.S. and EU will continue these conversations, especially focusing on their shared goals of climate and animal care improvements.

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@ wylr.net.

Invasive annual grasses have been and continue to be an important topic for Wyoming producers. Ventenata dubia (ventenata) and Taeniatherum

Ventenata and Medusahead Update

caput-medusae (medusahead) pose a considerable threat to the state of Wyoming. Both species have negative impacts on forage quality and quantity, wildlife habitat, biodiversity and fire cycles.

Identification

Ventenata is a small-

stature, winter-annual grass. It emerges in the fall, overwinters and resumes growth early in the spring. It has dark purple nodes which are easily identifiable at all growth stages.

As a seedling, the inflorescence is close to the stem, and as it matures, it opens

Ration, 2 Rounds of Shots: Multimin 90, 7-way w/Somnus, Titanium 5, Nuplura PH, Inforce 3, Poured, No Implants, High Elevation: Running at 8000 to 10,000’, Home Raised ****60 Blk (10 hd of Herefords) Hfrs, 825#, Open, Weaned a long time, Bunk Broke, Been on Corn Silage Ration, 2 Rounds of Shots: Multimin 90, 7-way w/Somnus, Titanium 5, Nuplura PH, Inforce 3, Poured, No Implants, Bangs Vac., Replacement Quality, High Elevation: Running at 8000 to 10,000’, Home Raised Rolling Hills Land & Cattle 41 Mx Strs, 800-850#, Weaned a long time, Been on a Grower Ration, Complete Vac. Program

****15 Mx Hfrs, 750-825#, Weaned a long time, Been on a Grower Ration, Complete Vac. Program

****25 Mx Strs, 600#, Weaned a long time, Been on a Grower Ration, Complete Vac. Program

Smith Sheep Co. 70 Blk/Red Angus Hfrs, 675-700#, Guaranteed Open, Weaned a long time, Bunk Broke, Been on Ground Hay and Creep Feed, 2 Rounds of Shots, Bangs Vac., Some would make Good Replacement Heifers Cattle Country Video – 1pm MT

Randy Burnison 205 Heifers. 90% Blk, 10% Bwf. Base Wt: 860 lbs. Slide: .08 cents. Delivery: 4/28/24 to 5/3/24. Located: Alpena, SD. Frame: Med-Med/Large. Flesh: Med. Shots on October 25: Titanium 5 w/ Nuplura, Inforce 3 and SafeGuard. Booster Shots on November 23: Titanium 5 w/ Nuplura, Vision 7/Somnus w/ Spur and SafeGuard. Weigh: 3% on truck. Comments: No implants from this owner. Purchased in Western South Dakota. Really nice kind. Big sort from 230 hd. Rep: Richard Zweifel 605-209-6307. www.cattlecountryvideo.com

into a panicle which resembles a boat mast. The seeds have bent awns which twist on the bottom half.

Medusahead has a similar life cycle to ventenata, although it grows slightly earlier in the spring.

In the spring, medusahead will be a bright, almost lime-green color, and then turns to a dull brown by mid-summer. It has bracts which hold seeds in place and appears as if it has two different length awns.

These bracts will remain as seeds mature and fall from the plant, which makes it identifiable even late into the fall.

Distribution

Ventenata populations have been identified in Sheridan, Campbell, Crook, Johnson, Converse and Northern Albany counties as of the fall of 2023.

Medusahead populations have been identified in Sheridan and Converse counties. All known Converse County populations have been treated as of 2023.

Containment zone

The Northeast Wyoming Invasive Grasses Working Group (NEWIGWG) has established an early detection, rapid response (EDRR) framework which includes containment zones for both species.

The ventenata containment zone begins at the Wyoming and Montana state line, follows the east-

ern face of the Big Horn Mountains, cuts east at Lake DeSmet, follows U.S. Highway 14/16 from Ucross to Gillette, follows Interstate 90 to the Crook and Campbell county line, and then north on the county line back to the Wyoming and Montana state line.

Populations of ventenata found outside of the containment zone receive priority attention, while inner populations are treated as funding is available.

The medusahead containment zone encompasses Ranchester, Dayton, Big Horn and Sheridan. NEWIGWG prioritizes treatment of medusahead outside of the containment zone, but also works towards eradication within the zone.

Reporting

Individuals who believe they have ventenata or medusahead are encouraged to bring a photo or sample to their local Weed and Pest District or University of Wyoming Extension Office. Be careful not to spread seeds by using a plastic bag for samples.

Individuals can also report sightings through the EDDMapS app, which can be downloaded from the Apple or Google app stores.

Jaycie Arndt is a University of Wyoming assistant research scientist in Sheridan and the NEWIGWG Coordinator. She can be reached at jarndt1@uwyo.edu.

For more information, visit invasivegrasses.com or e-mail jarndt1@uwyo.edu.

Courtesy photo

Reported By: Curt Cox, WYLR Field Editor April 12, 2024

5L Red Angus, Sheridan, Mont.

Auctioneer: Trent Stewart

190 Yearling

Milk: +30 Buyer: Mushrush

Red Angus, Elmdale, Kan.

Lot 2 – 5L Genuine 2008-236L – Price: $15,500

DOB: 2/20/23 Sire: 5L Genuine 1603-195C Dam’s

Sire: 5L Blackade 2218-30B

EPDs: BW: -2.8, WW: +79, YW: +129 and Milk: +28

Buyer: Wood’s V Bar X Red Angus, Sandpoint, Idaho

Lot 54 – 5L King Arthur 2776-372L – Price: $13,500

DOB: 3/5/23 Sire: LSF SRR

King Arthur 0136H Dam’s

Lot 37 – LSF PDC Identity 3546L – Price: $17,000

CL Energize F121 Dam’s Sire: Bieber Let’s Roll B563 EPDs:

Lot

Top Sellers

–

Sire: 5L Who Dat 558-06H Dam’s Sire: 3SCC Domain A163 EPDs: BW: -1.6, WW: +74, YW: +123 and Milk: +27 Buyer: Mushrush Red Angus, Elmdale, Kan.

Sire: 5L Quarterback 12055337 EPDs: BW: -2.3, WW: +84, YW: +136 and Milk: +30 Buyer: Ole Farms, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada

Lot 51 – 5L Life Is Good 151-322L – Price: $18,000 DOB: 2/27/23 Sire: 5L Life Is Good 1201-52H Dam’s Sire: 5L Bossman 757-532G EPDs: BW: -3.8, WW: +67, YW: +111 and

B

Lot 220 – 5L Magnanimous 127-06L – Price: $13,000 DOB: 1/24/23 Sire: Wedel Magnanimous 1050 Dam’s Sire: 5L Double Play 1207-166C EPDs: BW: -4.5, WW: +62, YW: +106 and Milk: +26 Buyer: Steptoe Ranch, McGill, Nev.

Lot 35 – LSF PDC

Prime Day 3540L – Price: $19,000 DOB: 1/25/23

Sire: Wedel Prime Time 0007 Dam’s Sire: 5L Independence 560-198Y EPDs: BW: -4.1, WW: +79, YW: +142 and Milk: +26 Buyers: Veto Valley Farms, Fayetteville, Tenn.

DOB: 2/8/23 Sire: LSF SRR

Identity 0295H Dam’s Sire: LSF TBJ Grid Profit 3414A

EPDs: BW: -2.5, WW: +81, YW: +122 and Milk: +29

Buyer: McDonough Red

Angus, Schaller, Iowa

Lot 3 – LSF BJR Velocity 3811L – Price: $16,000 DOB: 1/19/23 Sire: Bieber

EPDs: BW: +0.8, WW: +76, YW: +145 and Milk: +21 Buyer: Crow Valley Ranch, Carpenter Lot 30 – MC Dynamic

REPORT continued from page 1

a net beef exporter, the U.S. beef trade deficit will widen in 2024.”

Additionally, Earnest notes rebuilding of the U.S. beef herd will remain slow due to drought-stricken pastures and financial stress for upstream producers.

“Pork’s big story in recent years has been lack of market strength for pork products – outside of bacon – at retail outlets,” he says. “This, combined with retail prices of processed products lurching higher in recent years, has discouraged disappearance and pressured producer returns.”

Despite this, pork production has started to turn a profit again after 17 consecutive months in the red, with margins improving for wean-to-finish operations.

Earnest cites Iowa State University estimates which show wean-to-finish operations were making a profit of nearly $5.50 per head in February, following a $39 per head loss the year before.

Domestic and foreign demand of pork has improved as well, increasing 7.5 percent or 500 million pounds in 2023, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates another four percent increase in 2024, according

to the CoBank report. “The bottom line for pork margins is the trend appears to finally be headed in the right direction,” Earnest says.

In 2023, the broiler industry faced elevated input costs, weaker demand and impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), but CoBank believes this will straighten out in 2024.

Earnest also points out input costs are easing and broiler prices are appreciating. However, foreign demand growth has been slow, with the cumulative export volume down three percent.

“HPAI continues to threaten access to foreign markets, despite limited instances in domestic broiler flocks,” Earnest remarks. “Fortunately, domestic markets are clamoring to value protein, and leg quarter values are up more than 30 percent yearover-year.”

Dairy

In the dairy sector, futures prices indicate 2024 could be the third-highest milk price year on record, according to Corey Geiger, CoBank’s lead economist for dairy production and processing.

However, Geiger notes international and domes-

tic demand has been sluggish due to four years of inflation, which has slowed the growth of dairy product sales.

“The prospect of new plant capacity coming online, and with it more cheese trying to find a consumer home later this year, has been putting downward pressure on Class III milk prices,” Geiger explains.

“On the flip side, strong butter demand, even with near-record retail prices, has lifted Class IV milk prospects higher,” he adds. “Together, cheese and butter prospects have inverted the Class III to Class IV price relationship. This unusual market situation could persist throughout 2024 and well into 2025, delivering lower milk prices to farmers in high cheese production regions such as the Upper Midwest.”

Grains, farm supplies and biofuels

CoBank reports grain and oilseed prices have continued their downward trend during the first quarter of 2024 due to a strong U.S. dollar, the South American harvest and an ample domestic inventory.

“USDA’s Prospective Plantings report indicated farmers will be cutting back on planted acreage this spring. Corn, grain sorghum, barley and oats all saw major reductions since

last year, while USDA is projecting increases for soybeans, cotton, spring wheat and durum wheat this year,” explains CoBank Lead Economist for Grains and Oilseeds Tanner Ehmke.

However, Ehmke points out unpredictable weather and market conditions might shift the balance this spring. In fact, he notes low water levels on the Mississippi River are already raising concerns of slower grain and oilseed shipments in the months ahead.

He also notes two percent year-over-year decrease in total prospective plantings will lead to slightly lower demand of fertilizer and other inputs during the spring planting season for ag retailers and distributers.

CoBank Lead Economist of Farm Supply and Biofuels Jacqui Fatka states, “Sliding commodity prices, paired with farm input costs creeping slightly higher, will limit farm-level profitability heading into the 2024 growing season.”

She notes climbing production costs and tighter balance sheets will likely limit an spending on farm supplies.

Fatka also reports the 2024 ethanol outlook remains positive as plants capitalize on lower corn prices and improved margins.

“Rising E15 and E85 blending enables the ethanol industry to hold the line in an otherwise declining gasoline market,” she

To

says. “Renewable diesel continues to provide solid demand for soybean oil and other feedstocks including animal fats and corn oil.”

Cotton, rice and sugar

According to Ehmke, cotton prices rose 15 percent during the first quarter of 2024, which changed the outlook for planting this spring. Now, the USDA projects cotton acreage to expand 4.3 percent yearover-year.

Emhke explains tight domestic supplies – a result of last year’s small harvest – drove recent cotton prices higher, and lack of supplies has impacted U.S. cotton exports. Brazil is now on its way to replace the U.S. as the world’s largest cotton exporter.

“The prospects of expanded cotton acreage in both the U.S. and Brazil portend a price war later in the year as they compete for global market share,” Ehmke suggests.

Likewise, sugar prices have climbed 8.8 percent as a result of El Niño weather conditions negatively impacting production in key growing regions like Brazil, India and Mexico.

The resulting drop in raw sugar imports from neighboring Mexico has tightened the stocks-touse ratio for the 2023-24 marketing year, so USDA

announced it would expand the tariff rate quota to increase the amount of raw sugar imported under low tariffs, according to Ehmke.

“The collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore may have the greatest impact on sugar compared to other agricultural commodities,” he notes. “In 2023, Baltimore was the top port for handling sugar, accounting for 21 percent of all U.S. sugar imports.”

On the other hand, rice prices fell 8.4 percent over the past three months. But, despite the recent drop in prices, rice still holds a historically large price premium over soybeans, according to Ehmke.

“U.S. rice inventories totaled 100.5 million per hundredweight on March 1, rising 31 percent year-overyear due to last fall’s bigger harvest,” he says. “The pace of disappearance also jumped 30 percent thanks to a swift export program which preceded the arrival of the Brazilian harvest. Strong rice exports have underpinned U.S. prices, enticing more planted rice acres this spring.”

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@ wylr.net.

LEGENDARY SINCE 1971

around 12 months of age,” Reith reports. “The cattle were normal as calves and had no obvious eye injuries. All of the blind cattle shared a common ancestor which appeared in each parent’s pedigree, leading to a suspected novel recessive mutation which causes the condition.”

In a recessive mutation, affected cattle need to inherit two copies of the mutation –one from each parent, who are related through a common ancestor.

Reith states, “To find the recessive mutation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from affected cattle, their dams and sires were collected with cooperation from the AHA. Samples from unaffected and unrelated cattle were used as controls. DNA samples were sequenced to look for mutations shared among the affected cattle but were not present in unrelated, normal cattle.”

UNL researchers found a recessive mutation fitting the criteria in a gene associated with a condition causing progressive blindness in humans – juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (JNCL).

The Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center (NVDC) and collaborating board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists performed eye exams and histopathology which determined the retinas of these cattle were degenerating similarly to human JNCL.

The investigation determined carriers of the delayed blindness mutation appeared normal, but DNA samples from additional cattle, including Hereford, Angus, Simmental and crossbred cattle, confirmed only Herefords who were descendants from the identified common ancestor carried the mutation.

Since the mutation is recessive, it was spread unknowingly by unaffected carriers until affected cattle were produced by carrier mating.

With enough evidence, the novel mutation is causing delayed blindness, and a genetic test was developed for commercial use, allowing producers to help manage the delayed blindness mutation within herds to prevent mating of carriers.

Angus Not all novel cattle mutations become prevalent in a breed, but genetic analyses help detect and understand the issue.

According to Reith, with collaboration between Texas A&M University Professor and Extension Veterinary Specialist Dr. Tom Hairgrove and Dr. Jon Beever, professor and director of animal science at the University of Tennessee, UNL researchers were able to identify a dominant mutation causing bovine familial convulsions and BFCA in a single Angus herd.

The founder had a single copy which he passed

on to half of his offspring, and calves who inherited the mutation experienced seizures and were unable to thrive.

Through genetic investigation, researchers discovered the mutation was only in affected calves and their sire, though the sire was seemingly unaffected himself.

UNL research concludes sometimes dominant mutations cause a less severe condition or none in some animals but can be detrimental to their offspring, and it is possible the sire may have “outgrown” issues as a calf, which would be unknown to a producer who purchases the sire after weaning.

“Dominant conditions such as BFCA are often detected sooner than recessive ones, such as delayed blindness, due to their notable effect in the first generation,” states Reith. “Although the sire was culled early on due to the frequency of affected calves he was producing, the investigation provided answers for the producer as to why this occurred.”

Importance of genetics

Genetic research like the cases studied by UNL helps producers avoid matings which may result in calves failing to thrive or have other issues detrimental to their well-being or productivity.

In the BFCA example, genetics can provide answers when many calves from a single calf crop have a similar, detrimental condition.

It’s important to note these issues can be investigated only if they are reported to a breed association so the breed association can track and identify an emerging issue.

Many breed associations work with UNL and the NVDC to determine if the issue can be attributed

to an environmental cause such as exposure to a toxin, viral infection or a nutritional deficiency.

If an environmental cause is not identified, UNL researchers consider genetic conditions, as in the case of delayed blindness and BFCA.

ing unfavorable genetic conditions.

Through genetics, detrimental mutations can be managed to improve herd performance while avoid-

Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article

CROSSWORD

1,200 acres conserved

The Wyoming Stock Growers Land Trust (WSGLT), Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (RMEF) and Nicholas and Dorothy Jamison partnered together to conserve 1,200 acres of the Jamison’s Fish Hook Ranch near Riverside.

The Jamison family is devoted to ensuring their ranch remains intact, maintaining the integrity of the productive agricultural land and wildlife habitat amid development pressure in the valley. This desire ultimately drove the family to place a conservation easement on their property.

Homesteaded in the late 1880s, the ranch has been used for livestock and hay production, with hunting, fishing and habitat management being added to the operation over the last 40 years.

This conservation easement protects exceptional wildlife values, providing seasonal range for pronghorn antelope and elk, crucial range for mule deer and year-long habitat for moose and lies within Greater Sage Grouse Core Area.

The property lies in the heart of the Platte Valley Mule Deer Initiative Area and is adjacent to a key Mule Deer Migration Corridor, supplying a braided set of routes used annually by deer for passage to and from seasonal feeding grounds.

The North Platte River runs through the property and is a world class trout fishery with over 4,000 catchable fish per mile – mainly brown and rainbow trout – making this stretch a popular fishing destination for public fishermen floating the river.

I am happy to announce the messy divorce between two bosom buddies who deserved each other. I am referring to the imminent split between the greenies and the animal rightists.

Until now, the two groups marched in each other’s parades, attended each other’s rallies and shared mailing lists.

Those who were an Earth Firster, no doubt had a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) membership card in their purse or wallet. The two factions were joined at the hip, incessantly lawyered up and voted in lockstep, much to the chagrin of aggies everywhere.

But recently, the two have been seen cheating on each other, and their uncoupling is getting nasty, much to the delight of farmers and ranchers. We’re absolutely elated to divulge this is not a trial separation either but a permanent splitage of the sheets.

Problems in this marriage started when the greenies giant wind machines turned out to be big bird blenders, slicing and dicing our feathered friends as if they were

carrots in a juicer. This was something no true animal rightist could condone.

And how should a greenie feel about the previously hated ranchers who lease their land to climate change whackos to put up these big bird blenders?

The same can be said about huge solar arrays which quickly became infertile deserts, completely devoid of animals including all of the fuzzy little creatures so beloved by animal rightists.

If the animal rightists sided with the greenies on this issue, were they really being true to their cause? It’s easy to see how they could become conflicted to the point of needing counseling.

The biggest point of discord between the animal rightists and the greenies are huge fires which have been turning days into nights with their smoke.

Prior to these horrific infernos, it would be seen as heresy for a greenie or an animal rightist to be seen or heard speaking with a rancher. It was the greenies who wanted the cows, sheep and goats off of all public land, and then much to their

surprise, the dried grass and forbs furnished the fuel for the largest fires in American history.

These fires didn’t just burn up the much-hated cows and sheep, they fried every animal in their path, even turning endangered species into crispy critters.

Some animal rightists even advocated bringing back the four-legged lawn mowers, restarting the chainsaws and suggested perhaps ranchers weren’t quite so evil after all. This made the greenies so mad at the animal rightists, they threw all of their belongings out in the street.

I got a front row seat and a chance to see up close and personal how this drama played out. Where I’ve lived for the past 40 years, I am bordered by the Pacific Ocean and a huge state park.

Prior to building our home, I consulted with local firemen and asked how much fire danger I was subjecting my wife and I to.

Every firefighter said they had never seen or even heard of a fire in my area because the morning fog invariably wets things down. But, this did not stop the state from sending in the Civilian Conservation Corp to denude a demilitarized zone

all around our development.

This caused all of the furry creatures to relocate, and all of a sudden, gophers were denuding flower gardens, hordes of raccoons started tipping over trash cans and a growing chorus of coyotes serenades us every night.

When a mountain lion was seen walking down the main street in broad daylight, people demanded action.

I hope I’m not being too conceited when I tell readers I have gained a certain reputation over the years amongst my neighbors as an exceptional gopher trapper, and so it was only natural for

neighbors to ask me for my help.

When one gentleman – who previously wouldn’t even speak to me and had a “Mercy For Animals” bumper sticker on his Smart Car – asked me for help in killing his gophers, I was aghast.

“But I thought you were an animal lover?” I asked.

To which he replied, “I don’t give a damn about no stinking gophers. I’m telling you I want them dead, dead, dead.”

I think this alone should be enough to get a first degree conviction for hypocrisy by any jury filled with PETA members.

May 17-19

April 22 Bureau of Land Management Greater Sage Grouse Habitat Public Meeting, 5-7 p.m., Rock Springs Library, Rock Springs. For more information, visit blm.gov

April 22 Ranching in the West Seminar Series: Navigating Western Waters, University of Wyoming, Laramie. For more information and to register, visit uwyo. edu/uwag/rmal

April 22-24 University of Wyoming Extension Artificial Insemination Clinic, 8 a.m.-5 p.m., Hot Springs County Fairgrounds, Thermopolis. For more information and to register, contact the Hot Springs County Extension Office at hotsprings@ uwyo.edu or 307-864-3421.

April 23 Bureau of Land Management Greater Sage Grouse Habitat Public Meeting, 5-7 p.m., Washakie County Library, Worland. For more information, visit blm.gov

April 23

University of Wyoming Extension Sheep Task Force Free Lambing Barn Facility and Technology Webinar, 6 p.m., online. For more information or to register, visit tiny.CC/UWESheepTF or contact Micah Most at 307-684-7522 or mmost@uwyo.edu.

April 24 Bureau of Land Management Greater Sage Grouse Habitat Public Meeting, 5-7 p.m., Agricultural Resource Learning Center, Casper. For more information, visit blm.gov

April 26 Wyoming Livestock Board Public Meeting, 8 a.m., Zoom. For more information or to access the Zoom link, visit wlsb.state.wy.us

April 28-29 National Small Business Week Award Ceremony, Waldorf Astoria Hotel, Washington, D.C. For more information, visit sba.gov/national-small-businessweek

May 1-2 19th Annual Western Food Safety Conference, Salinas, Calif. For more information or to purchase tickets, visit thewesternfoodsafetyconference.com

May 4 2024 Albany County Conservation Expo, 9 a.m.-2 p.m., Laramie Ice and Event Center, Laramie. For more information, visit lrcd.net

May 8-9 Animal Agriculture Alliance 2024 Stakeholders Summit, Kansas City, Mo. For more information or to register for the event, visit animalagalliance.org/ initiatives/stakeholders-summit/

May 9 University of Wyoming Extension Artificial Insemination Workshops, 4-7 p.m., Fremont and Campbell counties. For more information or to register, visit tiny.cc/24cattleaibreeding

May 10-11 Sheepherder’s Festival, Rockpile Museum, Gillette. For more information, visit @RockpileMuseum on Facebook.

May 13 U.S. Department of Agriculture FMD Outbreak Livestock Grazing Guidance Webinar, 12 p.m., Zoom. For more information or to register, visit zoomgov.com/j/1601496343

May 13-15 Uinta County Cattle Artificial Insemination Clinic, 8 a.m., Evanston. For more information, call 307-783-0570 or e-mail Mckenna Julian at mbrinton@ uwyo.edu.

7 Triangle 7 Cattle Co., LLC Artificial Insemination Clinic, Akron, Colo. For more information, visit 7triangle7.com or call 970-481-3921.

May 17-19 Rocky Mountain Leather Trade Show, Sheridan. For more information, visit leathercraftersjournal.com

May 25 National Junior Angus Association and Angus Journal Photography Contest Deadline. For more information or to submit photos, visit angus.org/ njaa/home/contests

May 28

University of Wyoming Extension Breeding Days, Campbell County. For more information, contact Kim Fry at kim.fry@campbellcountywy.gov or 307682-7281.

May 29 University of Wyoming Extension Breeding Days, Fremont County. For more information, contact Chance Marshall at cmarsha1@uwyo.edu or 307332-1018.

May 31 Wyoming State Fair Endowment Fund Golf Tournament, 8 a.m., Three Crowns Golf Course, Casper. For more information, contact sarah.raiserco@ gmail.com.

June 1 Wyoming Agriculture Hall of Fame Nomination Deadline. Winners will be presented with a belt buckle and a poster during the 2024 Wyoming Ag Hall of Fame Picnic, held in conjunction with the Wyoming State Fair. For more information or to fill out a nomination form, visit wylr.net, e-mail roundup@wylr. net or call 307-234-2700.

June 5 Nebraska Tractor and Equipment Safety Certification Course, 613 E. 3rd Street, Gordon, Neb. For more information or to register, visit go.unmc.edu/ tractor-safety-training

June 5-7 Wyoming Cattle Industry Convention and Trade Show, Wyoming State Fairgrounds, Douglas. For more information and to register, visit wysga.org

June 6 Nebraska Tractor and Equipment Safety Certification Course, Legacy of the Plains Museum, Gering, Neb. For more information or to register, visit go.unmc.edu/tractor-safety-training

June 7-8 36th Annual Overland Stage Stampede Rodeo, Green River. For more information, call 307-872-0514.

SALES

April 25

April 26

April 27

April 27

May 2

May 17-18

May 25

XL Angus Ranch Annual Bull Sale, Evansville, 307-258-0107

Jordan Cattle Company Bull Sale, St. Onge Livestock Auction, St. Onge. S.D., 307-660-1380

Herring Angus High Country Bull & Ranch Horse Sale, Herring Ranch Sale Barn, Encampment, 307-327-5396, 307-329-8228, 307-329-7400

Lamar Community College Legacy Horse Sale, 2401 S. Main Street, Lamar, Colo., 719-336-6663, 719-336-1624, lamarcc.edu

J Spear Cattle Company Annual Production Sale, Belle Fourche Livestock Auction, Belle Fourche, S.D., 605-685-5964, 605-279-1026

Farmers and Ranchers Livestock Commission Ranch Horse Competition and Spring Spectacular Catalog Horse Sale, Salina, Kan., 785-825-0211, 785-826-7884, fandrlive.com

15th Annual Full House Horse Sale, Newcastle, 307-746-5690, 307-6840789, fullhousehorsesale.com

A news article in the Dec. 16, 1937 issue of The Saratoga Sun reported a new business venture had been launched in the Upper North Platte River Valley. The fox farm was located between Saratoga and Encampment in south-central Carbon County.

As with many of these types of ventures during the depression, they weren’t very successful and didn’t last long.

A new type of business in the Platte Valley will soon get underway, when three pairs of highly-bred silver foxes will be brought in from Rawlins and established in the Upper Spring Creek country as the nucleus of a farm.

Joe and Neal Harden this week purchased three pairs of the animals. They were purchased from Joe Garry of Denver and are being cared for at a fox

farm near Rawlins. The local farm will be established on Harden’s ranch on Heather Creek, the former Heather Creek Ranger Station.

The ranch is ideally located for a venture of this sort, and a load of building materials were taken out today to be used in the construction of proper pens and quarters for the foxes. As soon as the pens are completed, the foxes will be moved from Rawlins to the ranch, probably within the next 10 days or two weeks.

Harden also plans to raise fish on his ranch and has recently completed the construction of one large pond near his house. Two or three other ponds will be built along the creek. The completed pond has been stocked with brook trout.

FOR THE WEEK ENDING May 24, 2019

Source: USDA AMS Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News, Torrington

Source: USDA AMS Livestock,

As of April 12, 2024

Compared to last week traditional slaughter lambs 2.00-5.00 higher, others 10.00-50.00 higher. Slaughter ewes steady to 20.00 higher, except at San Angelo 5.00-10.00 lower. Feeder lambs not well tested. At San Angelo, TX 6,579 head sold in a one day sale. No sheep sales in Equity Cooperative Auction. Western Video sold 4342 feeder lambs in Arizona, 3560 feeder lambs in California, 2060 slaughter lambs in Oregon and 10 replacement rams in California. In direct trading slaughter ewes and feeder lambs not tested. 2,722 lamb carcasses traded with no trend due to confidentiality. All sheep sold per hundred weight (CWT) unless specified.

Slaughter Lambs: Choice and Prime 2-3

San Angelo: wooled and shorn 120-150 lbs 188.00-242.00.

Ft. Collins: wooled and shorn 120-150 lbs 212.50-275.00. South Dakota: wooled and shorn 125-150 lbs 205.00-230.00.

yearling hair 110 lbs 170.00/cwt; young hair 115-145 lbs 132.00-156.00/cwt.

Collins: no test. South Dakota: yearlings 225.00/head; yearling hair 90-125 lbs 125.00-140.00/cwt.

Billings: no test.

Sheep and lambs slaughter under federal inspection for the week to date totaled 36,000 compared with 35,000 last week and 44,000 last year.

Source: USDA AMS Market News, San Angelo, Texas

National Wool Review

As of April 12, 2024

Domestic wool trading had no confirmed trades reported this week. Prices reflect trades FOB warehouse in original bag or square pack, bellies out, some graded, and 76 mm or longer. No allowance made for coring, freight, or handling fees at the warehouse level to reflect net grower prices. Wools shorter than 75 mm typically discounted .10-.20 clean. Classed and skirted wools usually trade at a .10-.20 premium to original bag prices.

Wool

Slaughter Ewes San Angelo: Good 3-4 (very fleshy) no test; Good 2-3 (fleshy) 93.00-109.00, hair 80.00-107.50; Utility and Good 1-3 (medium flesh) 112.00-134.00, hair 112.00-131.00; Utility 1-2 (thin) hair 90.00-110.00; Cull and Utility 1-2 (very thin) hair 88.00; Cull 1 40.00-70.00.

Source: USDA- CO Dept of Ag Market News Service, Greeley, CO

Nebraska Hay Summary

As of April 18, 2024

Compared to last week, all reported hay sales sold steady on a very thin test. Demand was light. Several hay producers are holding over several tons of hay. Some hay producers are gearing up to plant alfalfa this spring on irrigated pivots. Some corn planting just getting underway in the Eastern areas of the state with talks of soybean planting too. . But overall the drought monitor shows the state in a lot better shape than it was this time last year. According to NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE LINCOLN, Neb. April 15, 2024 - For the week ending April 14, 2024, there were 5.8 days suitable for fieldwork, according to the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. Topsoil moisture supplies rated 12% very short, 38% short, 47% adequate, and 3% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 12% very short, 40% short, 46% adequate, and 2% surplus. Field Crops Report: Corn planted was 2%, near 1% for both last year and the five-year average. Winter wheat condition rated 1% very poor, 3% poor, 26% fair, 56% good, and 14% excellent. Oats planted was 59%, ahead of 43% last year and 40% average. Emerged was 20%, ahead of 8% both last year and average.

EMPLOYMENT WANTED: Worked livestock and sale barn experience, managed sale barn, purchased livestock and more. Call 620-430-6719 5/4

Financial Services

AGRI-ONE FINANCIAL: Farm/ ranch and all commercial loans. RATES AS LOW AS 5%. We have been helping with all aspects of agricultural, commercial financing and management for years. LET US HELP YOU on a consulting level with management to increase profitability, deal with and fix credit problems and for all your financing needs. WE CARE AND HAVE WORKING PROGRAMS designed for the farmer/rancher and not the banker. Please call Steve, 303-773-3545 or check out our website, www.agrionefinancial.com. I will come to you and get the job done!! 4/20

Come Join the Gottsch Livestock Feeders Family! Gottsch Livestock Feeders is looking for Cowboys/Pen Riders for their feedyard in Red Cloud, NE. The main focus of the Cowboy/Pen Riders are spotting, pulling, diagnosing and taking cattle to the hospital and shipping fat cattle. This person will need to be a team player who is seeking a long-term position. You will have the opportunity to work with and learn from some of the best in the industry. We offer a benefits package that includes health insurance, dental, vision, 401(k), health savings, life insurance and paid vacation. Retention bonus offered to full-time employees. Incentives paid out at 6 months and 1 year of employment. If you are interested stop by and fill out an application or visit our website at

www.gottschcattlecompany.com

Call Brandon Furr at 402-257-7769 or 402-746-2222 for more information.

hotmail.com 5/25

AKC BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG PUPPIES: All first shots, microchipped and vet checked. $1,200. Call or text 605-6802571. To view photos, go to www. wylr.net in the classifieds 4/27

AIREDALE TERRIER OORANG PUPPIES: AKC registered, will be large calm protective dogs. Great farm/ranch protectors from mountain lions, bears, coyotes, vermin... For more information, call 307-219-2217 or 719-2178054 (cell) 5/11

WANTED RECIP COWS: Must be open!! Two to 6 years old, Red Angus or Angus-based cows. For more information, call Corie Mydland, 406-855-5598 (cell), Trans Ova Genetics 4/20

LOOKING FOR TOP QUALITY

CATTLE? I’m a North Dakota order buyer licensed and bonded. I can help you find the perfect cattle you are looking for. I buy in North Dakota and South Dakota barns. I can help you purchase feeder cattle, weigh-up cows, pairs and breds, replacement heifers and any other needs. I can also find country deals. Low commission rates. Feel free to call Cody Fettig at 701-391-9132 for all you cattle needs!! 5/4

WANTED: PRAIRIE DOGS AND YOTES. Mature (60+), responsible, experienced Iowa hunter seeking ranchers/farmers with excess prairie dogs and/or coyotes. Precision shooting, not lead flinging. Call or text Scott at 319-431-2491 4/20

Ken & Cheri Graves, Kaycee, WY, phone 307-7382247, cell 307-267-0724, email gravesredfork@rtconnect.net 5/11

RED ANGUS HIGH-ELEVATION

YEARLING BULLS FOR SALE IN NORTHEASTERN UTAH: Out of AI and bull-bred sires. Will be trich, semen tested and fed for free until May 1. $2,500/head. Bar Lazy TL Ranch, David, 435-828-1320, barlazytlranch@ gmail.com 6/30

BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG PUPPIES: These adorable puppies are AKC registered, microchipped and up-to-date with shots and wormer. Parents are fully DNA and genetic health tested. Males and females available. Shipping and flight nanny available. Whitewood, S.D. Call 605-641-8272. Visit us on Facebook at Black Hills Bernese Mountain Dogs. To view photos, go to www.wylr.net in the classifieds 5/4

WY IS SEEKING A PROGRAM LEADER: Our ideal candidate enjoys working outdoors, has strong leadership skills and has an interest in weed science and natural resource management. This is a permanent, full-time position with benefits. EOE. Contact hscwpsupervisor@ gmail.com or 307-864-2278 for a complete job description and application information 4/27

FARM MANAGER POSITION IN FREMONT COUNTY: Large alfalfa hay and silage production, center pivot irrigation. Must have working knowledge of John Deere tractors, forage harvester, air drills, swathers, balers, GPS navigation, Haybuster mixer feeders. Knowledge of silage production and storage, hay production. Knowledge of center pivot sprinklers, operation and repair/maintenance, injection systems and FieldWise/Reincloud operation. Knowledge of field prep, seeding, fertilizers, weed control and sprays. Good knowledge of equipment repair/maintenance and the ability to develop a maintenance schedule for all equipment and vehicles. Computer skills are a must have. This is excellent opportunity for a self-starter, motivated individual to excel in agriculture. All new and wellmaintained equipment. Excellent pay, health insurance, 401(k), housing, vacation time. Send resume to ron.rhyne@ threeforksranch.com 4/27

HELP WANTED: Five years plus cattle handling experience. All aspects of ranch operations: Irrigation, haying, feeding, cattle stewardship and horseback skills. Housing, benefits and salary. Only serious, committed candidates should apply. Eastern Oregon cow/calf operation. Send resumes to lisa.steele@ pvranch.com 4/20

EXTENSION AGENT, SEVERAL POSITIONS ACROSS EASTERN MONTANA, INCLUDING PLENTYWOOD, BILLINGS, SIDNEY, BAKER, CULBERTSON, MILES CITY, FORSYTH, POPLAR AND BROADUS: Will assess local needs, then develop, implement and evaluate Extension programming to meet those needs, in the areas of Agriculture and 4-H/Youth Development. Complete information and application instructions at www.montana.edu/extension, click on “careers.” Equal Opportunity Employer, Veterans/ Disabled 4/27 FULL- OR PART-TIME DRIVERS NEEDED FROM WORLAND TO CASPER, WY: Nighttime hours, $30/HOUR

NEWFOUNDLAND/PYRENEES PUPPIES FOR SALE: Great farm dogs or outdoor companions!! Born Feb. 11, ready April 14. Both parents on site. More pictures and information can be found on our website www.ontaskoffice.com/02112024_IzzyGrizz. html or on YouTube at www. youtube.com/@WYNewfie Call or text 307-254-2650. To view photos, go to www. wylr.net in the classifieds 5/4

SIMANGUS BULLS FOR SALE: 18-month-olds and yearlings. Sired by TJ Chief, Tehama Tahoe, TJ Big Easy, TJ Flatiron, MR SR Highlife, EWA Peyton or sons of TJ Main Event and SAV Rainfall. Call James Dilka/Dilka Cattle, 970-396-8791, thedilkas@aol. com 4/20

FOR SALE: Well-broke team of half-draft geldings weighing 1,500 lbs. each and 16 hands at the withers. Sixteen and 13-yearold half-brothers. Call 701-3011644 or 701-348-3401 4/27

ORIGINAL DOCTOR’S BUG-

GY FOR SALE: Dark green body, red interior, black top. Top folds back to make into a convertible. Oak wheels with rubber on them. A1 condition. Was made by W.A. Heiss Coach Company in Mifflinburg, PA, company was in business from 1884-1920. Single horse shaft, always stored inside. Worland, WY. Call 307-347-2095. To view photos, go to www.wylr.net in the classifieds 4/20

LAMAR COMMUNITY COL-

LEGE LEGACY HORSE SALE!! Join the Legacy. Lamar Community College has been training high quality performance and ranch horses since the 1970s. JOIN US ON SAT., APRIL 27 IN LAMAR, CO TO SHOP HIGH QUALITY HORSES. Mark your calendars and follow our social media pages to stay up to date on the Lamar Community College Legacy Horse Sale. RHAA Open Show at 8 a.m., previews at 1 p.m., sale at 4 p.m. 2401 S. Main Street, Lamar, CO 81052. Call Ryan Bray, 719-336-6663 or Savanna Mauch, 719-3361624 4/20

RED ROAN COMING

2023 ALFALFA AND ALFALFA/ GRASS MIX HAY, 3x3 bales, barn stored. ALSO, SOME FEEDER HAY and BARLEY STRAW available. Call 307-3500350, Farson, WY 4/27

200 TONS BARLEY HAY: Green and lots of grain, tarped, $110/ ton. Delivery possible in semi loads. ALSO, sorghum Sudan available. Both are low in nitrates, 3x4 bales. Powell, WY. Call 307421-8959 4/27

NORTHWEST WYOMING CERTIFIED SEED GROWER has grass seed combine hay for sale, 3x4x8 bales. $65/ton. Call Mike Forman at 307-202-0494 4/20

ROUND BALES: QUALITY

GRASS HAY FOR SALE, bales weigh approximately 1,300 lbs. each, Laramie, WY. Call 307760-8429 5/4

100 TONS ALFALFA HAY: Big round 1,400 lb. bales, $165/ton.

100 TONS OATS/25% BEARDLESS TRITICALE MIX, big round 1,400 lb. bales, $150/ton. Call 308-778-6104 4/20

BARLEY STRAW: Certified weed-free small squares, $4/ bale.

WEANER PIGS FOR SALE, located in Powell, WY. For more information, call 307271-1014 8/3

GRASS, GRASS, GRASS!! Pasture for 500 pairs. May 1-Nov. 1., South-Central Wyoming, north of Rawlins, WY. Call for more information, 970-596-7046 4/20

AVAILABLE

Grass & Full Livestock Care

2-YEAR-OLD STUD COLT FOR SALE: Boonsmal Blue x High Brow Cat granddaughter. Call 307-887-9100 for price and information 4/27

Laporte and Livermore, CO

☐ Capacity: 6,000-8,000 AUMs (dependent on the cattle owner needs).

☐ Term: Available immediately. Graze contract available until November.

☐ Land & Forage: 11,000 acres of diverse nonirrigated rangeland and 100 acres of irrigated land.

☐ Management Includes: Vetted, top-hand management, local mineral program, regular pasture rotations, low stress stockmanship, animal health, base doctoring.

☐ Communication: Regular cattle owner communication and reporting.

beef. Francis-Millvale Shorthorns, Gene and Roberta Francis Family, 701-331-2403, e-mail francis. millvale@gmail.com. To view photos, go to www.wylr.net in the classifieds 5/11 REGISTERED TEXAS LONGHORNS: Brush clearing, lowmaintenance cattle, traffic-stopping colors, fascinating to watch, great pedigrees. Gentle pairs, steers, heifers, solid and colorful bulls. Raise for excellent beef, fun to show, simple handling. Herd package discounts available. Westhaven Ranch 209-2749917, e-mail swestmoore@ gmail.com, website www.westhavenlonghorns.com To view photos, go to www.wylr.net in the classifieds 4/27

☐ Water Supply: Ample water from springs, live streams and wells. Call 970-776-0080 for more information.

PASTURE WANTED for 2,000 yearlings and 500 pairs. Can split into smaller bunches. Call 701-523-1235 5/25

PASTURE WANTED: I am looking for a ranch lease or summer pasture lease for 250-500 pairs. Call Joe, 605-830-2210, jrcredangus@yahoo.com 4/20

DO YOU WANT TO RETIRE AT THE TOP OF THIS MARKET AND KNOW YOUR LAND IS IN GOOD HANDS? Regen, LLC is a business that provides for ranchers/landowners the service of professional ranch management. We work to understand your needs on your ranch and provide a professional management team tenancy where you no longer need to worry about the work, get paid competitive rent and can keep the ranch legacy intact. Instead of selling, please consider renting the ranch to our team. We are a family business, based in Wyoming and with expertise in all arrangements of federal, state and deeded land and work every day to accomplish our mission. We steward land with regenerative principles, where animals thrive by connecting rich heritage to vibrant futures. Call Sage, 307-3514875 or e-mail at saskin12@ gmail.com 5/11

Horses RIDE, WORK, ROPE AND PLAY!! Great selection of: Quality GLOVES, mohair CINCHES, wool saddle PADS and blankets. TWISTED X BOOTS and SHOES… Over 300 BITS in stock!! $AVE on BOOTS: HONDO, BOULET, JUSTIN WORK BOOTS, TWISTED X (boots and shoes) and more!! WE CAN ship!! Shop Moss Saddles, Boots and Tack, 4648 West Yellowstone Highway, Casper, WY; 307-472-1872.

WEANER PIGS, HOGS, WAGYU CATTLE: Weaner pigs available April 20, full-blood Glouc., Old Spot or Mangalitsa/ Old Spot crosses, $75/each. Finished hogs, pastured raised Mangalitsa/Old Spot, $300/ each.1/2 blood Wagyu/Angus, $3/lb. live weight for grain finished, $2.75/lb. live weight grass finished. ALSO, full-blood Wagyu yearling bull calves available. Call 307-217-3860. To view photos, go to www.wylr.net in the classifieds 4/20

WY area producer 5/11

100 ROUND BALES: Good quality, mixed grass hay, $150/ ton. Call 307-469-2358 or 281732-5123 4/27

ROUND BALED GRASS HAY FOR SALE: Cody, WY area, 1,000 lb. net-wrapped bales, $60/ bale. Call, don’t text, Anthony at 307-254-2645 4/27 VALLEY

Irrigation Systems

The choice is simple.

1,771 hours on tractor, 1,384 hours on head, $45,000. Area fields are being subdivided. Call 307-674-9092 4/20

No wire to steal! Easier On You.

Copper wire is being stolen from electrically powered pivot systems world-wide. Many growers have resorted to 24-hour guards, razor wire, floodlights and daily disassembly to protect themselves. T-L’s hydraulically powered pivot systems can be designed with little or no wire to steal. Stop theft and discover T-L’s reliability, simplicity and low maintenance cost. T-L irrigation systems are easier on you - for life.

Big Horn Truck and Equipment

Manderson, WY

rairdenjlw@tritel.net • 800-770-6280

USED IRRIGATION PIVOTS FOR SALE FROM LEADING BRANDS: Valley, Zimmatic, Reinke and T-L. Visit website www. zimmag.com Current available used inventory ● 2021 Zimmatic 8500 7 tower 1,297+ ● 2020 Zimmatic 8500 7 tower 1,297+ ● 2020 Zimmatic 8500 8 tower 1,296+ ● 2003 Zimmatic Gen II 7 tower 1,295+ ● 2013 Valley 7000 7 tower 1,336+ ● 2014 T-L Corner Arm only. Call 402-910-3236 5/11

QUARTER MILE WHEELINES: 5’ tall, 5” aluminum pipe with movers. Five (used) $5,400 each, Gallatin Valley, MT. Call 406-5510879 5/4

18 SECTIONS OF RAINWAY 5”x40’ wheel line pipe with wheels. ALSO, 24 sections of 5”x30’ transfer pipe, aluminum with alfalfa stubs and assorted fittings. Call 307-388-3300 4/27

APPROXIMATELY 1,400 FEET, 8” ALUMINUM GATED PIPE, with trailer and butterfly valves. ALSO have 2 irrigation pumps, one with 10 HP motor. $4,000 OBO. Call 307-575-1122 4/20

OILFIELD PIPE: PRICE REDUCED!! RPJ Enterprises, Inc. 2 3/8” and 2 7/8” is available. Used for fencing, corrals, cattle guards, etc. 2 3/8” and 2 7/8” are on average 31.5’ long per joint. Pierce, CO. Call for details, 970-3244580 7/27

PIPE FOR SALE!! 2 7/8”, 3 1/2” tubing, 4” drill pipe, 4 1/2” casing, 5” casing, 7” casing. Rods 3/4”, 7/8” and 1” located in Montana, can ship anywhere. Call Mike, 602-758-4447. To view photos, go to www.wylr. net in the classifieds 4/20

rough-sawn lumber, bedding. SEE US at www.lodgepoleproducts.com and click our “Picking A Fence Post” tab to see why folks choose our posts!! TFN

RANCH: 3,316+ deeded acres in the treed canyons of 66 Mountain, LaGrange, WY. Lush meadows and mountain outcroppings. Deer, antelope, turkey and sage grouse. Run cows through 12 pastures, plus improvements. Excellent calving facilities. $4,700,000 Pictures and video at www.buyaranch. com. Call Casey Essert, Land Broker, 307-532-1750 4/20

, MLS# 10022475, $899,000 4/20

OREGON RANCH, Baker City, Baker County, OR. The Alder Creek pasture contains over 2,000 acres of native spring, summer and fall pasture. The rangeland is situated just east of Baker City, OR. The property is in good condition and has good perimeter fencing. The range is gently south facing slope with a variety of native grass. FIRST TIME OFFERING at just over $500 per acre for deeded and contiguous ownership, $1,095,000. Please give us a call for further information, Greg Sackos, 541-523-4434 (office) or 208-598-0267 (cell), Intermountain Realty, www. intermountainland.com 4/20

NORTHEAST OREGON, THE DLX RANCH: Located near Baker City, OR the DLX is noted as one of the most productive and finest ranches around. It is well balanced and contains 17,000 deeded acres with 4,000 acres of irrigated meadows and cropland. Native and improved rangeland provides good spring and summer pasture. The ranch is well improved with nice homes, excellent livestock working facilities and is noted for its production and ease of operation and management. Abundant water and over 6 miles of the Powder River running through the ranch provide for not only production but unbelievable waterfowl and upland game bird habitat. The ranch also provides good populations of elk and mule deer. Situated in the heart of the Baker Valley, the ranch enjoys very scenic mountain views and is very private yet only a short drive to Baker City, OR. Currently operated as a commercial cow/calf operation with a permitted feedlot. The ranch would also make an ideal yearling or combination operation. It is rare to find this quality of a ranch and particularly a property that is a going concern. This is a first-time offering and we look forward to hearing from you. $32,500,000. Livestock and rolling stock available by separate treaty. Please give us a call for further information, Greg Sackos, 541523-4434 (office) or 208-5980267 (cell), Intermountain Realty, www.intermountainland. com 4/20

66.856 ACRES, JUST NORTHWEST OF RED LODGE, MT BORDERING THE GOLF COURSE: This property is presently agriculturally zoned, current use is hay and pasture and it is fenced and cross fenced. Enjoy views of several mountain ranges and lots of water, including Spring Creek frontage, mature trees and lush grass. Could be zoned commercially, allowing for development of a number of homesites and/or other commercial ventures. This property is simply loaded with possibilities. Access is off Willow Creek Road. DNRC Right Nos. 43D 216331-00 and 43D 20002000, Pryde Ditch and West Fork of Rock Creek. $2,300,000. Property to be shown by appointment only and listing agent shall accompany all showings. Sellers ask that prospective buyers respect their privacy. Call Bill at 406-698-9266 for a tour of this parcel TFN

UW continued from page 1

were eligible for the Certified Rambouillet Index and Wyoming Certified Index.

“We have conducted this central performance test since 1961, and improvement in ram quality over this time has been remarkable. This was an amazing year,” said Whit Stewart, UW Extension sheep specialist. “There are only two of these central performance ram tests left in the nation, and we are proud ours has endured.”

The test also provides learning opportunities for students in UW’s Sheep Program, while gaining handson experience in production agriculture. Students help gather performance data throughout the test and conduct genomic research.

“Aside from the decision-making tool the test provides to producers, it is an important partnership with the Wyoming Wool Growers Association and individual producers in our region,” Stewart stated.

A successful year

“We complete two indexes every year for the test – the Wyoming Certified Index and the American Rambouillet Sheep Association’s register of merit (ROM) which follows traits specific to the Rambouillet breed,” Koepke explained.

Only registered Rambouillets are allowed to participate in this index, and UW had 13 head of registered Rambouillets certified on this index in this yearʼs tests.

The Wyoming Certified Index was developed by Stewart to include all rams

on test, no matter the breed.

“This index follows more of what the industry is looking for in sires to have optimal lamb growth,” Koepke said. “Where the ROM index is weighted heavy on wool growth and performance, the Wyoming index is weighted more on overall growth of the animal, such as average daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass traits.”

There were 13 head of rams certified on the Wyoming index, including the top performing ram, raised by Jeff Jacobs of Happy Valley Farms, LTD of Alberta, Canada.

“It was a good year for the test. We had minimal sickness, and rams grew exceptionally well,” Koepke noted. “The mild weather this winter also helped a lot as well.”

Koepke further noted the 2024 field day was also a success, with nearly 30 producers in attendance, some of which consigned rams and some who were potential buyers.

“We’re proud of the long-standing tradition of the Wyoming Ram Test, the selection tool and our partnership with producers,” said Stewart. “Each year we try to add innovative ways for producers to utilize the information it generates, while also incorporating it into our teaching curriculum here on campus.”

For example, Stewart mentioned unique to this year’s test was a structural scoring system which looked at hocks, front feet and pastern angle. UW students in Stewart’s advanced sheep

production class helped gather this information.

“It is a tremendous effort to feed close to 100 head of rams for half of the year, combined with our LambA-Year program, but it is a source of pride the UW Ag Experiment Station and LREC are still all in on the sheep industry,” he concluded. “Good programs are a true result of true partnerships and collaborations, and the ram test and our UW Sheep Program are an example of this.”

Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

growers water the following year, temporary repairs were made by installing steel ribs to support the concrete walls. Then in 2020-21, metal sheeting was installed over the ribs to increase water flow through the tunnels.

Hiring a contractor

Recently, the water district hired a contractor –Atkinson Construction – to permanently replace the two tunnels.

Cory Foreman, HDR Engineering associate vice president, told conference attendees they received several bids, but decided

continued from page 1

on Atkinson Construction because they value engineering and have an underground division focused specifically on the construction of tunnels.

“Atkinson Construction will also do construction sequencing, in which construction will work in sequences, doing the floor first and then each side to move through sections of the tunnel quicker and to save costs,” explained UNL Extension Educator Gary Stone in an April 11 news brief.

“The sequential excavation of the old tunnel will be replaced with a new and larger reinforced concrete structure every four feet or so,” Stone continued. “The tunnel design will be like the old tunnel with increased flow capacity.”

Current operations

Foreman explained the three organizations are currently working on this proposed construction sequencing system, and on April 15, set up equipment to pull cores from the concrete as the collapse of Tunnel Number Two caused a “geotechnical risk with hourglass sands.”

Stone noted the company has a three-week window to pull cores before they have to remove equipment and let the tunnels fill with water for the upcoming irrigation sea-

son, and Foreman said they are hopeful these cores will give them a better idea of cost estimates.

As of May 2023, the estimated cost of both tunnels was set at $74 million, but with rising costs of construction this could rise to $84 million.

“We want to make sure we evaluate everything, because if there’s a potential $10 million cost savings, we need to do our due diligence wherever we can find a good value to lower the cost,” he said.

Foreman further noted the timeline for starting and completing both tunnels is up in the air.

“Pending all agencies’ approval, the new tunnels’ replacement or construction may occur in the fall of 2024,” remarked Stone. “Doing both to finish in one season would mean Atkinson Construction having two back-to-back shifts, which is possible but could be cost-prohibitive. They are also experiencing labor shortages.”

Stone noted further site investigations, National Environment Policy Act permitting and documentation and right-of-way considerations must be completed before the tunnels are replaced.

Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.

The Guernsey Gate – Pictured is the Guernsey Gate at the reservoir.

from the Guernsey Reservoir

in Wyoming and Nebraska. Chabella Guzman photo