Formulation of a Novel Biocontrol Agent using Different Plants Extracts Against Locust
AASHISHRAM. R AND AMALA JERLINE.A , Ⅱ B-TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY(SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE), Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Booluvampatti, COIMBATORE, Tamil Nadu
ABSTRACT:
ORGANOPHOSPHATE COMPOUND
The Desert locust is the world’s most dangerous migratory pest with a voracious appetite unmatched in the insect world within the desert locust’s range, which is equivalent to 20% of the earth’s land surface . At present the primary method of controlling desert locust is with mainly Organophosphate chemical applied in small concentrated doses (ultra low volume formulation) by vehicle mounted and aerial sprayers. But organophosphate pesticides are harmful for ORGANOPHOSPHATE humans as well as to animals we can use COMPOUND IN MEDICINAL organophosphate as a biopesticides which is extract from medicinal plants such as Mentha PLANTS: spicata, Cuminum cyminum, Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla from these the highest level of organophosphate compound found in The concentration of some of the Mentha spicata. So it can be used as an pesticides including organophosphate biopesticide to control the desert organophosphate Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon & locust. Pirimiphos methyl in different kinds of medicinal plants were determined. At the INTRODUCTION: detection limit of 0.5ng g-1, Parathion and Today the major agriculture problem is caused by Pirimiphos methyl were not detected in any of desert locust[1] . They are originated from east the samples. Some amount of Malathion, Africa. Locust swarms have destroyed the crops Diazinon were Zataria multiflora, Matricaria of many countries like Somalia, Yemen, Kenya, chamomile, Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Ethiopia, India…etc [1]. The FAO reported that Cuminum cyminum (Cumin seed). the locust swarm typically contain between 4 MINT Matricaria chamomile billion to 8 billion locust can consume the food of 3.5 million people[1]. The locust can be controlled by Organophosphate chemical pesticides but it is also harmful humans and animals [2].For this we can use organophosphate bio pesticides which is extracted from plants (Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomile, ZATARIA CUMIN Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Cuminum cyminum (Cumin seed))[2].
ORGANOPHOSPHATE CHEMICAL PESTICIDES: Organophosphate (OP) compounds are group of pesticides that includes some of the most toxic chemical used in agriculture. OP toxicity is due to the ability of these compound to inhabit an enzyme Acetyl cholinesterase at cholinergic junction of the nervous system. Organophosphate pesticides such as Malathion 96 and Chlorpyrifos both are used to control the locust swarms across state .
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten samples of each group of plants Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomile (Matricaria recutita), Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Cuminum cyminum (Cumin seed) were collected. The plant material was powdered sieved (1.2mm) and stored away from light and moisture in airtight containers until analysis(2 months later). Analysis based on the method headspace solid –phase microextraction of target compounds followed GM-M for qualification and quantification. This experiment was done IRAN 2012. Result of experiment, at detection limit of the 0.5ng g-1 Parathion and Pirimiphos methyl were not detected in any of the samples other organophosphates were found in some samples residues of both Malathion and Diazinon were detected together in some of the samples. The highest mean levels of Malathion (24±9.68 ng g-1)were detected in chamomile while the spearmint samples showed the highest level of diazinon (98.2±14.53 ng ng-1).
RESULT: The result shows that it has highest level of diazinon (98.2±14.53 ng g-1) the compound of organophosphate.
CONCLUSION: Mentha spicata, Cuminum cyminum, Matricaria chamomile and Zataria multiflora extract are proved to effective insecticides against the Locust. It affects the locust and there is no harmful effect for humans and animals .By this we conclude that this bio-pesticide is very much helpful for the farmers against the Locust.
REFERENCE: 1) Use science to fight the locust plague,journal:Nature ,Vol 584 , issue:27 August 2020 page no :497 2) Parisa Sarkhail, Masud Yunesian, Reza Ahmadkhaniha, Pantea Sarkheil, Noushin Rastkari:Levels of organophosphorus pesticides in medicinal plants commonly consumed in IranDARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 (1), 9, 2012 3)Balança, G., de Visscher, M. Impacts on Nontarget Insects of a New Insecticide Compound used Against the Desert Locust [Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775)]. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32 , 58 –62 (1997).