PROJECT PROPONENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Project proponents should employ the upstream screening checklists to ensure that they undertake due diligence at all stages of the linear infrastructure project lifecycle. Financial institutions, including multilateral development banks, should require evidence of due diligence that considers resilience and inclusivity issues and enter into an ESG covenant to promote compliance by the borrower for all environmental and social obligations associated with the project.

partners, including multilateral development banks. To map a pathway for the implementation of the holistic model, the following recommendations are directed to various actors who can support the transition:

Until a strategic landscape-level plan can be finalized, national governments should use SEAs or sector-wide impact assessment tools to evaluate key factors including climate change and disaster risks, community needs and aspirations, ecosystems and the services they provide, potential cumulative impacts on the landscape, and alternative locations that would avoid negative environmental and social impacts. National governments can also reinforce the existing EIA system using tools provided in the annexes of the full report.