Fauvism and German Expressionism

Page 1

Modern Art In Search of New Standard : Experimental Art


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Fauvism Artists Henri Matisse Maurice Vlaminck AndrĂŠ Derain George Rouault


Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954)

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Picasso and Marcel Duchamp, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Although he was initially labeled a Fauve (wild beast), by the 1920s he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art.


Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 o 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Fauvism

Henri-Émile-BenoÎt Matisse (31 December 1869 & 3 November 1954)


Maurice de Vlaminck

(4 April 1876 – 11 October 1958)

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 11 October 1958) was a French painter. Along with AndrĂŠ Derain and Henri Matisse he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense color. Vlaminck's compositions show familiarity with the Impressionists, several of whom had painted in the same area in the 1870s and 1880s. After visiting a van Gogh exhibit, he declared that he "loved van Gogh that day more than my own father". From 1908 his palette grew more monochromatic, and the predominant influence was that of CĂŠzanne. His later work displayed a dark palette, punctuated by heavy strokes of contrasting white paint.


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


Fauvism

Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 & 11 October 1958)


André Derain (10 June 1880, Chatou, Yvelines – 8 September 1954)

André Derain (10 June 1880, Chatou, Yvelines 8 September 1954) was a French artist, painter, sculptor and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse. At about this time Derain's work began overtly reflecting his study of the Old Masters. The role of color was reduced and forms became austere; the years 1911 1914 are sometimes referred to as his gothic period. In 1914 he was mobilized for military service in World War I and until his release in 1919 he would have little time for painting, although in 1916 he provided a set of illustrations for André Breton's first book, Mont de Piete.


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Fauvism

André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954)


Georges Henri Rouault

(27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)

Georges Henri Rouault was a French Fauvist and Expressionist painter, and printmaker in lithography and etching. Georges Rouault also met Henri Matisse, Albert Marquet, Henri Manguin, and Charles Camoin. These friendships brought him to the movement of Fauvism, the leader of which was considered to be Matisse. In 1891 Rouault painted "The Way to Calvary". From 1895 on, he took part in major public exhibitions, notably the Salon d9Automne (which he helped to found), where paintings with religious subjects, landscapes and still lifes were shown. In 1905 he exhibited his paintings at the Salon d9Automne with the other Fauvists. While Matisse represented the reflective and rationalized aspects in the group, Rouault embodied a more spontaneous and instinctive style. His use of stark contrasts and emotionality is credited to the influence of Vincent van Gogh. His characterizations of overemphasized grotesque personalities inspired the expressionist painters.


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism

Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism

Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism

Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism

Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism

Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


Fauvism Georges Henri Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958)


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World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War World War

World War


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German Expressionism : Die Brucke (The Bridge)

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German Expressionism : Die Brucke Artists Main Representation

• Emil Nolde • Ernst Ludwig Kirchner • Max Pechstein


Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956) Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956) was a German painter and printmaker. He was one of the first Expressionists, a member of Die Brücke, and is considered to be one of the great oil painting and watercolour painters of the 20th century. He is known for his vigorous brushwork and expressive choice of colors. Golden yellows and deep reds appear frequently in his work, giving a luminous quality to otherwise somber tones. His watercolors include vivid, brooding storm-scape and brilliant floras. Nolde's intense preoccupation with the subject of flowers reflect his continuing interest in the art of Vincent Van Gogh


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Die Brucke

Emil Nolde (7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956)


Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of

the founders of the artists group Die BrĂźcke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th century art. He volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. In 1933, his work was branded as "degenerate" by the Nazis and in 1937 over 600 of his works were sold or destroyed. In 1938 he committed suicide.


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


Die Brucke Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938)


German Expressionism : Der Blaue Reiter

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German Expressionism : Der Blaue Reiter Artists

B Franz Marc B Wassily Kandinsky B Paul Klee


Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4,

was a German painter and printmaker, one of the key figures of the German Expressionist movement. He was a founding member of Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a journal whose name later became synonymous with the circle of artists collaborating in it. 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Der Blaue Reiter

Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916)


Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) Paul Klee was born in Mßnchenbuchsee, Switzerland, and is considered both a German and a Swiss painter. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. He was, as well, a student of orientalism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually mastered colour theory, and wrote extensively about it; his lectures Writings on Form and Design Theory, published in English as the Paul Klee Notebooks, are considered so important for modern art that they are compared to the importance that Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on Painting had for Renaissance. He and his colleague, the Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the German Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture. His works reflect his dry humour and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Der Blaue Reiter

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940)


Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944) Wassily Kandinsky was an influential Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first purely-abstract works. Born in Moscow, Kandinsky spent his childhood in Odessa. He enrolled at the University of Moscow, studying law and economics. Successful in his profession—he wasoffered a professorship (chair of Roman Law) at the University of Dorpat—he began painting studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) at the age of 30.


Der Blaue Reiter Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Der Blaue Reiter

Wassily Kandinsky (16 December 1866 – 13 December 1944)


Bauhaus School The Bauhaus I 7 $ ก ก ก1771 8 I x )ก "ก# " # (avant-garde school of art) \ 1 ! ~ ก 1ก Weimar 8 $ Germany C 1919 ! c # 8 7 x # ก )# )c )H! Dessau C 1925 I 7 1 ! ก! ( ) I ก Walter Gropius ( ) 1 " 8 " $ 2 $ ก 1 8 I x )ก c"# #")ก ก$ก% 8c # 7 ก $ก% ก ! 0C 1 8$ ~ ก ! "c"#"! Z \ \! ) กก ก # 2 ก # ก! # 5"ก I ก! " 18 # 2 ก! # ! ก " "ก I x )ก 8 ก 18 ก )"ก [ ก ก 7 H! 8 $ Germany kandinsky c # # )2 I 7 1 ! " ก7 Paul Klee # " !" ! ก 5ƒ b%€ !g 8 "! !" " I7 1 ! G 5ƒ ก8 ก78 G )! 7H 621 8 H# กc "( ก } 8GH# $ 8 1 G c " Europe 1 8 America C 1933 Bauhaus IHกก # ~ ก ( ) }7 Nazi ( ) 8 "! [ )8c # (Cosmopolitan rubbish)[ I 7 Bauhaus # )# ) c )H! Berlin 1 ! # ) \ I 7 1 ! กyIHก ~ ( ) }7 Nazi 1 8c !c # ~ ก ก ) C 1960 55 /6„2 Bauhaus-Archiv Museum of Design c #ก! Darmstadt ~ 1 8" 1 8G I 7 Bauhaus ก 8 C 1971 c #)# )c )H! Berlin ( ) C 1978 G ก177 I 7 Bauhaus c #IHก ก! # ( ) f5 8 )! ) G ก177 I x )ก Walter Gropius 55 /6„21 ! ) ~ ก I \ก"


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