200-mile EEZ of the Hawaiian Archipelago is approximately 833,198 sq.miles (or 629,171 sq. nautical mi.) of water area. Hawaii’s economy is dominated by tourism and defense, with tourism by far the leading industry in terms of employment and expenditures. The two represent approximately one quarter of Gross State Product without consideration of ancillary services and also comprise the largest shares of “export” earnings (Tables 3 and 4). Table 3. Hawaii's Gross State Product Gross State Product Year (million $) 2005 53,710
Per Capita State Product $42,119
Resident Population 1,275,194
Source: DBEDT 2005. Table 13.02
Table 4. Hawaii's "Export" Industries Sugar Year (million $) 2004 18 94
Pineapple (million $) 123
U.S. Military (million $) 4,772
Tourism (million $) 10,862
Source: DBEDT 2006
Natural resource production remains important in Hawaii, although nothing compared to the period of the sugar and pineapple plantations from throughout the first 60 or 70 years of the 20th century. Crop and livestock sales were $516.1 million in 2004, with the primary diversified agriculture crops being flower and nursery products, $94.5 million; macadamia nuts, $40.1 million; coffee, $19.8 million; cattle, $22.1 million; milk, $20.2 million (DBEDT 2006). Aquaculture production was $28.1 million in 2004 (DBEDT 206), although much of aquaculture’s value to Hawaii comes from development of technology. Commercial fishing exvessel value was $57.5 million, not including value added by the seafood processing sector (WPacFIN 2007), lower than some earlier years due to the closure of the longline fishery for swordfish from 2000-2004. Hawaii’s commercial economy has been particularly vibrant over the past five years, with a 7.5 percent growth in Gross State Product in 2005 and an average of 5.8 percent annual growth rate since 2000. Figure 11 indicates the long-term trend in Gross State Product (1970-2005), with the inflation-adjusted figures clearly showing the downturns in the early 1980s and the mid-1990s, followed by sustained growth recently.
18
2004 is the most recent year when complete industry statistics are available.
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