rIOBbiiueHHe
34XeKTHBHOCTH
CHCTeM TeIuioCHa6fteHH3 B cTpaHax LUeHTpajBHOf H BOCTO4HHOA EBPOrIi pecny6nnicax 6blBwero COBeTCKoro C0o03a
23
BbICOKYIO TeIIJIOBYIO Harpy3KY Ha KHjIOMeTp TenrioceTeII H CHITyaIHio c noTpe6neHHeM, KOTOpaA 6aaronpHATcTByeT 3KOHoMHqeCKOR rrenecoo6pa3HocTH LIT" OuaHaKo cyileCTByeT o6ecnoKoeHHocT16 TeM, 'ITO MHorHe CHCTeMbI IJT MOrYT H36b1TOIHO, C 3KOHOMHIMeCKOA TOIKH 3peHHA, paCIHpHTCSA H 'ITO KOHKypeHiUHA CO CTOpOHbl IpHpO,IHOrO ra3a, B KOHeYHOM CqeTe, UPHBegeT K rIOTepe rioTpe6HTeJIeik. KaK TOJIbKO 3TO CjIyqHTCA, reuiBie y'acTKH cHcTeM LIT PHCKYIOT CTaTb He)KH3HeCroCO6HbIMH. HeXaBHHe HHBeCTHL1HH B MOAepHH3aUMO Torga IipeBpaTATCA B fIOrIYCTY rIoTpaTieHHbIe CpeaCTBa. HO3TOMy CJieayeT H3y'IHTb KoHKypeHTOCioco6HoCTb UT Ha CBo6oAHOM pBIHKe B OTHOii2eHHH KpHTmieCKHX paTOHOB ropoga, 9o TOrO KaK BJIO>KHTb CpegCTBa B MOaepHH3afuH. TeuAocHa6ficeHHe paCCMaTpHBanOCb iaic 3JieMeHTapHoe o6rDecTBeHHoe 6Jiaro. CHCTeMlI IJT B IIBE/BCC 6buIH paCCqHTaHTBI ripOqHi6imH H Hazte)KHbIMH C TeM, Tro6bi CHCTeMbI IIOCTaBBLJIHI TeIIJIO KOHetHOMy noTpe6HTemo rIpH 0o6irx o6CTOqTeJmcTBax. Bo BpeMS KOMMyHHCTH'IeCKOrO pe)HMa TerfjiO paCCMaTPHBaJIOCb 3JIeMeHTapHOii rIoTpe6HocTmio (H BCe ei-e cIHTaeTCa TaKOBog), wTo aon)KHo o6ecieWBaTbCs B H3o6HJIHH 3a He6oj[bJEyIO CTOHMOCTh HJIH Boo6uie 6eCniiaTHo. rOCKOJIbKy ileHbI Ha 3HeprHio 6bum oieHE6 HH3KHMH, 3HepreTHIecK KH 1 LI He CtIHTancA npo6jieMoR ripH pa3pa6oTKe CHCTeM [IT. BMeCTO 3Toro yIIOp ieJIaJIcA Ha IIpOCTOTy, IlpOtqHOCTb, Hage2KHOCTb i 6e3ornaCHocT1,.
B pe3yjmrTaTe KOHCTpyKTHBHMie peieHH 6a3HpOBanEHCE6 Ha YCTaHOBHBiIeMCA Te'eHHH BOgBI Bcex yqacTKax CeTH. B 3gaHHAx, npHMmeHaSJIHCE IHpKYJIALIHOHHbIe CHCTeMbI
Ha
(rxgpo3JIeBaTOpE,I), rlpHBO;xHMbIe B gerCTBMe 3}KeKTOpOM TaK, 'qTO He 6buLxo HYXEbI B ZO[IORHHTenEbHb1X Hacocax. 143-3a TOrO qTO TeilfO IIOCTaBBSOCb B H36bMTO'Hbix KOJIH'eCTBaX B COOTBeTCTBHH C r1pHHSITbIMH HOpMaTHBaMH, KOHeqiHOMy nioTpe6HTejuO He Tpe6oBaZIHcI
pery.JHpyiouiHe
yCTpOiCTBa, He HyKHEm 6E,u gawe KnanaHnI paaHaTopOB XM peryJHpOBaHHA IOCTyIUIeHHI Teiinia. TaKHM cdioco6oM HIOTOK TenIIa B 3anHHH OCTaB AC. IIOCTOSHHbIM HI no'Tpe6HOCTL TerIIoceTeii B CHCTeMaX perynIpoBaHHi 6buwa orpaHaweHa. E,aHHCTBeHHbIM BHIOM perympOBaHHA B CHCTeMe 6EIJo peryiHIpoBaHHe TemriepaTypui noXaBo,aa Ha IpOH3BO)ICTBeHHL6X MOIIHOCTSX, BbIpa6aTIBaJOIX TerijioByio 3HeprmO, KOTOPaA YCTaHaBJIHBaJIOCB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TemriepaTypEI HaPY)KHOrO B03ayXa. B pe3yiIbTaTe
noXy'qHJIacE,
npocTaS
rIo=epKHBaJIaC6 TennoueHTpaJibio, Tpe6yeMbix ypOBHAX.
CHCTeMa,
KOTOpaSI
coxpaHa
,aaBBjeHHe
ierKo per'ynpoBaiaC, H TemnepaTypy nox0a'm
H
Ha
BCjieZCTBHe 3TOrO, CHCTeMbI He o6ecriexMBaAH HH CTHMyJIOB, HH TexHH'eCKHX CpeACTB LJS noTpe6HTejefi Wm perynHpOBaHA norpe6neHHA Teeiiia H ropmeg BOa,bI. 06paTHoil CTOpOHOEI MOHeTEaI SIB.iAeTCSI TO, HITO CHCTeMa no,aat C YCTaHOBHBImleMCSI TexleHHeM He rpHcnIOCo6JIeHa TexHoJIOrHIRecKH ARA Toro, tITo6bI 3dYeKTHBHO pearHPOBaTb Ha Kojie6mouWAIc cnpoc CO CTOpOHbI IIOTpe6HTe.iA. nlocie Toro, KaK noipe6HTeJIH YCTaHOBsT ycTporicTBa perynpoBaHH Tenna y ce6A AoMa, CHcTeMa repeirlaeT Ha pe)HM HeyCTaHOBHBiueroCS TeIeHHA Ha YPOBHe norTpe6HTeJIs I CTOPOHa nioga%EIH ZonJKHa 6yzeT a,gaTHpOBaT6CSA COOTBeTCTBYIOIUM o6pa3oM "SoaxuiaA TerUIoBaA HarpylKa HBjUieTCS OfHHM H3 AByX peialoU.IHX 4)aKTOPOB XIA 3KOHOMHKH ueHTpaJIM3oBaHHoro TerMocHa6KeHMA. ,Apyroa ,BJuIeTcs onopa Ha T3L", KaK Ha ripoH3B0ACTB0 TenJiOBOsi 3HeprHH; CM. rniaBi 3 H 4.