Equality of Opportunity for Sexual and Gender Minorities
(b) encouraging and facilitating flexibility and innovation in the provision of legal aid services, while recognizing the private bar as the foundation for the provision of legal aid services in the areas of criminal law and family law and clinics as the foundation for the provision of legal aid services in the area of clinic law; (c) identifying, assessing and recognizing the diverse legal needs of low-income individuals and of disadvantaged communities in Ontario; and (d) providing legal aid services to low-income individuals through a corporation that will operate independently from the Government of Ontario but within a framework of accountability to the Government of Ontario for the expenditure of public funds.” 36. For details about Legal Aid Ontario, see https://www.legalaid.on.ca. 37. Uruguay, Law 19580 on Violence against Women. 2017. Article 1: “Esta ley tiene como objeto garantizar el efectivo goce del derecho de las mujeres a una vida libre de violencia basada en género. Comprende a mujeres de todas las edades, mujeres trans, de las diversas orientaciones sexuales, condición socioeconómica, pertenencia territorial, creencia, origen cultural y étnico-racial o situación de discapacidad, sin distinción ni discriminación alguna. Se establecen mecanismos, medidas y políticas integrales de prevención, atención, protección, sanción y reparación.” Article 7, Section G: “A recibir orientación, asesoramiento y patrocinio jurídico gratuito, dependiendo de la posición socioeconómica de la mujer. Dicha asistencia deberá ser inmediata, especializada e integral, debiendo comprender las diversas materias y procesos que requiera su situación.”
References Ahmed, Ali M., Lina Andersson, and Mats Hammarstedt. 2013. “Are Gay Men and Lesbians Discriminated Against in the Hiring Process?” Southern Economic Journal, 79 (August): 565–85. Badgett, M.V. Lee. 2014. “The Economic Cost of Stigma and the Exclusion of LGBT People: A Case Study of India (English).” World Bank, Washington, DC.
Business Standard. 2017. “CM Naidu Announces Pension Scheme for State’s Transgenders.” Business Standard, November 28, 2017. https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/cm-naidu-announces-pension -scheme-for-state-s-transgenders-117112800036_1.html.
Crosby, Burns. 2012. “The Costly Business of Discrimination: The Economic Costs of Discrimination and the Social Benefits of Gay and Transgender Equality in the Workplace.” Center for American Progress, Washington, DC. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/reports/2012/03/22/11234 /the-costly-business-of-discrimination/. Drydakis, Nick. 2019. “Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Outcomes.” IZA World of Labor 111 (2): 111.
ILGA (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association). 2014. “Karnataka Government Launches Pension Scheme ‘Mythri’ for Transgender People.” February 24, 2014. https://ilga.org /karnataka-government-launches-pension-scheme-mythri-for-transgender-people.
ILO (International Labour Organization). 1998. Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents /normativeinstrument/wcms_716594.pdf.
ILO (International Labour Organization). 2012. Discrimination at Work on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Results of the ILO’s PRIDE Project. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5 /groups/public/---dgreports/---gender/documents/briefingnote/wcms_368962.pdf. Japan Times. 2019. “Transgender Worker Sues Osaka Hospital after Supervisor Told Colleagues She Transitioned to Female.” Japan Times, August 30, 2019.
Mishel, Emma. 2016. “Discrimination against Queer Women in the U.S. Workforce: A Résumé Audit Study.” Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2378023115621316.
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