24 | Public-Private Partnerships in Urban Bus Systems
TABLE 2.2 Examples
of the objectives and restrictions of key stakeholders
STAKEHOLDER
OBJECTIVES
RESTRICTIONS
Potential public transportation users
Improve quality of service, travel times, payment methods, safety, security, comfort, affordability
Level of income, system coverage, number of transfers
Private transportation users
Reduce congestion, avoid charges associated with private vehicle use, improve road safety
Road space, parking spaces, ability to bear new charges
Residents and businesses in project implementation area
Prevent damages, increase safety and security, increase economic activity in the area
Need to minimize impact on businesses and homes during construction, maintain or improve service access, keep noise levels and construction times to a minimum
Public transportation authority
Keep fares low, increase quality of service, reduce travel times, increase safety and security
Internal budget, public budget for the system, planning or monitoring capacity, legal requirements affecting design
Mayor, subnational government
Improve productivity, reduce system costs, increase private sector participation, reduce local emissions, avoid increase in fares, avoid creating new and unpopular charges to fund system
Maximum level of subsidy (maximum gap between fares and costs), budget for funding new infrastructure, access to finance
National authority
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase cities’ productivity, improve subnational fiscal sustainability
Budget limitation, requirements in the regulation to support subnational entities
Public financial entities, development agencies
Increase productivity, reduce carbon emissions, ensure environmental and social sustainability, ensure financial sustainability
Compliance with specific funds or program requirements
Incumbent operators
Maintain status quo, increase income, improve service, avoid collaborating with traditional competitors, minimize or avoid government oversight, improve access to finance
Access to finance, operating or planning capacity, corporate governance capacity, long-term agreements with suppliers
Other transportation operators (informal, taxi)
Maintain status quo, avoid government control over informal services
n.a.
Potential bidders or suppliers (operators, bus manufacturers, infrastructure companies)
Achieve high remuneration, be protected from risks that cannot be managed, avoid unfair competition, generate opportunities for new or increased payments in the future
Minimum provision time, lack of availability of certain products or technologies, lack of experience in similar context, lack of in-country structures or bureaucratic requirements to establish in a country
Potential investors or financiers
Improve bankability, decrease level of repayment risks, keep high returns
Risk assessment capacity, capacity to provide long tenures, exposure limits to certain level of risks
Community members
Public entities
Private sector
Source: World Bank. Note: n.a. = not applicable.
