Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia

Page 102

70 | Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia

FIGURE 5.3

Illustrative schema of technology adoption and science, technology, and innovation capacities in East Asian countries

Biotechnology

STI capacity

Pesticides

Nutrigenetics Japan; Korea, Rep.; Clean meat, 3D printing Singapore Reformulation

Genetic modification China, Malaysia, Gene editing Thailand Blockchain Microbiomes E-commerce Precision agriculture, loT, o Al a tools Indonesia, Philippines, Food safety Food waste Vietnam Urban agriculture g

Plant breeding—new e varieties Cambodia, Lao PDR, E-extension, weather, insurance Myanmar New fertilizer formulas Fortification

Capacity to diffuse, share, and adopt knowledge and innovations Source: Original figure for this publication, based on review of countries’ innovation capabilities in agriculture. Note: Green, red, and blue colored text refer to production, food chain, and food consumption/nutrition-oriented innovations, respectively. The arrows indicate an illustrative range of STI and diffusion/adoption capacities required to undertake the respective technology or innovation. 3D = three-dimensional; AI = artificial intelligence; IoT = Internet of Things; STI = science, technology, and innovation.

Innovation-specific capacity among the developing East Asian countries Capacity in biotechnology largely correlates with economic development and country views on use of biotechnology, essentially GM and GE (table 5.2).20 The region has significant experience in biotechnology, China being at the forefront on GE. China, Malaysia, and Thailand have the highest overall capacity to generate and adopt biotechnology innovations, but they have different views on the use of biotechnology (details in appendix E). Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam continue improving their research and development and adoption capacity in biotechnology, mostly GM. Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar currently have low overall capacity in biotechnology but would be able to adopt, for example, crops with enhanced production traits. Continued investment in biotechnology capacity is warranted in the region. Response to climate change and demands for productivity, food safety (for example, longer shelf life), and environmental sustainability (such as lab-grown meat, livestock breeds, feed) require high STI capacity. In addition to strengthening research capacity, biosafety regulatory issues (table 6.4 in chapter 6) warrant attention. Differences in regulations between countries have, however, created potential barriers to the use of GE.


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interventions in Indonesia

2min
page 210

in East Asia

9min
pages 216-221

F.5 Research-extension links and knowledge brokers in Vietnam F.6 Applied Research on Innovation Systems in Agriculture

2min
page 209

F.3 International networks in East Asia

2min
page 207

F.4 Innovation brokers

2min
page 208

E.3 Three-dimensional printing of food and machinery F.1 Foreign private agricultural research and development in

8min
pages 202-205

E.2 Food fortification, reformulation of food, and functional foods

5min
pages 200-201

in East Asia

9min
pages 196-199

D.6 The impact of water users associations on farm production, income, and water savings in northern China D.7 Climate-smart agriculture practices for key crops and

3min
page 188

smallholders in China

2min
page 187

B.1 Convergence of One Health with several national and international approaches to managing emerging infectious diseases and other biothreats D.1 Current triple win innovations in use or in the early stages of adoption

15min
pages 172-179

D.4 Sustainable rice production practices D.5 Precision application of inputs: Innovations and challenges with

3min
page 186

D.3 Practices to mitigate environmental risks

2min
page 181

Vietnam

5min
pages 166-169

innovation

3min
pages 164-165

innovation

2min
page 163

Strengthening innovation policy and governance

2min
page 157

7.3 Good practices for policies on agricultural extension services

2min
page 161

A growing need for transformative innovations

3min
pages 155-156

Notes

6min
pages 147-148

References

10min
pages 149-154

6.4 Enabling environment for agricultural innovation in select countries

7min
pages 144-146

Importance of the enabling environment to innovation

2min
page 143

services and integration of E-extension

7min
pages 130-132

Innovation capacity and skills for long-term sustainability Better resource use and innovation outcomes from stronger

2min
page 137

6.12 Agricultural tertiary education reform in China

5min
pages 138-139

innovation

2min
page 136

6.14 Thailand’s National Innovation Agency

2min
page 142

6.10 Research and development–based tax incentives for innovation

2min
page 135

International collaboration for a regionwide response to agri-food system challenges Returns to innovation increased by reform of agricultural extension

2min
page 129

and the private sector in China

2min
page 128

sector R&D

2min
page 125

6.6 Vietnam’s vision for greener high-tech growth

3min
page 124

in transforming and urbanizing countries

5min
pages 126-127

6.5 Biotechnology research and development in Indonesia

2min
page 123

Asian countries’ response to emerging needs Providing the incentives and breaking the barriers to increase private

2min
page 119

6.4 Drivers of agriculture sector growth in China

3min
page 122

agricultural development

5min
pages 115-116

Introduction

1min
page 113

References

11min
pages 107-112

innovation capacities in East Asian countries

1min
page 102

Notes

2min
page 106

innovations

1min
page 101

5.12 Lab-grown meat and other protein alternatives

3min
page 97

Readiness of developing East Asian countries to embrace transformative innovations

2min
page 100

5.11 Emerging but struggling food e-commerce

5min
pages 95-96

Food consumption and nutrition: From basic sustenance to personalized nutrition The economic, environmental, health, and social feasibility of

2min
page 94

testing

5min
pages 92-93

value chain

2min
page 91

5.7 Urban agriculture in East Asia’s agri-food systems

3min
page 89

5.6 New breeding techniques

7min
pages 86-88

5.2 Vinaphone-managed mobile-based farm assistant

2min
page 83

5.3 Blockchain applications in the agri-food system

2min
page 84

examples of digital technology applications

1min
page 80

changing the technology landscape

5min
pages 81-82

4.3 Integrated soil-crop management practices

5min
pages 68-69

environment matters

3min
page 72

agro-industry services

2min
page 73

production practices

2min
page 67

Limited trade-offs between agricultural innovations that foster environmentally sustainable production and productivity Challenges to smallholders’ adoption of innovations fostering

2min
page 66

Undisputed success of past agriculture productivity and food security achievements

1min
page 63

by COVID-19

5min
pages 48-49

sector and the overall economy

2min
page 59

management of emerging infectious diseases

2min
page 60

2.1 The main drivers of emerging infectious diseases

3min
page 50

Threats to the agri-food system’s productivity and sustainability Food safety and persistent nutrition problems as new sources of food

1min
page 43

East Asian agri-food systems need to embrace innovations that foster productivity, sustainability, and health

1min
page 55
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