FIGURE 5.9 Global Innovator and Low-Skill Tradable Services Have among the Highest Forward Linkages across Sectors Domestic value added embodied as inputs in economywide production (as a share of output and as value in US$, millions) by industry, average across countries, 2015 Percentage share of forward linkages in total output (dots) 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Other business and ICT Distribution and trade Finance Energy extraction Transportation Communications Primary agriculture Chemicals, rubber, and plastic products Construction Ferrous metals and metals n.e.c. Machinery and equipment n.e.c. Other services Metal products Other primary Other consumer services Mineral products n.e.c. Water supply Paper products and publishing Processed foods Manufactures n.e.c. Insurance Wood products Textiles Transportation equipment Beverages and tobacco products Wearing apparel Leather products 0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Value of forward linkages (US$, millions) Nonservices
Services
Source: Calculations based on World Bank’s Export Value Added Database (EVAD). Note: The dataset covers 118 countries across regions and income levels. The bars (measured by the bottom axis) represent the overall value of a sector’s domestic value added embodied as inputs in economywide production. The green dots (measured by the top axis) represent the share of these forward linkages in total output. “Nonservices” includes agriculture and industry. “Other business and ICT” includes professional, scientific, and technical services. “Distribution and trade” includes wholesale and retail trade. “Other services” refers to social, community, and personal services. ICT = information and communication technology; n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.
Boosting Productivity to Keep Up the Good Work: Policy Imperatives
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