APPENDIX B
TVET Provision in Ghana
Informal apprenticeship is the largest provider of vocational skills in Ghana, with more than 440,000 Ghanaian youth 15–24 years of age (53 percent female) participating (GLSS 2005/06, the latest year for which household survey was carried out; also in Nsowah-Nuamah et al. 2010).1 Informal apprenticeships are responsible for 80 percent of all basic skills training, compared with 7 percent from public training institutions and 13 percent from for-profit and nonprofit providers. Within the public sector, the Technical Training Institutes (TTIs) are the largest providers by enrollment, with some 29,000 trainees in 2011/12, compared with about 7,000 for the National Vocational Training Institute (NVTI) and about 3,500 for the Integrated Community Centers for Employable Skills (ICCES). However, ICCES, which are predominantly rural and typically considered to offer the lowest quality of training, has the largest number of training centers (57), whereas TTIs and NVTI each count 36 centers. The private providers are far more numerous; the total number of registered and nonregistered private VTIs may be around 445.
The Technical Training Institutes Coverage and Location Technical Training Institutes (TTIs), under the technical vocational education division of the Ghana Education Service (GES) under the Ministry of Education (MoE), are located in urban areas in all 10 regions of Ghana. In 2007/08, there were 26 institutes. But in the last few years, 10 technical-vocational institutes were taken over by GES and renamed TTIs, bringing the total number to 36 institutes in 2011/12. The majority of the new TTIs were faith-based private VTIs, such as the Don Bosco VTIs in Tema and Brong Ahafo. A further seven private VTIs were expected to be ceded to GES in 2012.
Access and Enrollment Over the period 2001/02 to 2009/10, enrollment remained largely stagnant at around 20,000 students (table B.1). Technical training is still very much regarded as a second choice (after academic programs). In the words of a senior GES
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