38 l Glaciers of the Himalayas
ice processes (wind speed and humidity) more explicitly are not widely available or have high uncertainties for these regions. In simple degree-index models, whether snow and ice freezes or melts depends on a threshold temperature (typically a fitting parameter that has a value close to 0°C). When melt occurs, the magnitude of melt is proportional to the air temperature. 3. IPCC’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) covers a wide range of the main driving forces of future emissions, from demographic to technological and economic developments. The A1 scenario family develops into three groups that describe alternative directions of technological change in the energy system. The three A1 groups are distinguished by their technological emphasis: fossil intensive (A1FI), nonfossil energy sources (A1T), or a balance across all sources (A1B). 4. The areas inventoried combine permanent snow and glaciers above climatic snow lines or firm limits and active glacier ice below them.
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