Glaciers of the Himalayas

Page 28

8 l Glaciers of the Himalayas

information on the selection of a climate model and bias correction. Appendix B details work completed on modeling BC transport and deposition in the South Asia region. Appendix C discusses the methodology for downscaling climate models and describes how global climate models were downscaled to the South Asia region for this book. In addition, appendix D describes the process for calibrating and validating the conceptual cryosphere hydrology framework, and appendix E presents the results for flood risks.

References Gautam, M. R., G. R. Timilsina, and K. Acharya. 2013. “Climate Change in the Himalayas: Current State of Knowledge.” Policy Research Working Paper 6516, World Bank, Washington, DC. Immerzeel, W. W., L. P. H. van Beek, and M. F. P. Bierkens. 2010. “Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers.” Science 328 (5984): 1382–85. doi:10.1126/science.1183188. Lutz, A. F., W. W. Immerzeel, A. B. Shrestha, and M. F. P. Bierkens. 2014. “Consistent Increase in High Asia’s Runoff due to Increasing Glacier Melt and Precipitation.” Nature Climate Change 4 (7): 587–92. doi:10.1038/nclimate2237. Mirza, U. K., N. Ahmad, T. Majeed, and K. Harijan. 2008. “Hydropower Use in Pakistan: Past, Present, and Future.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12 (6): 1641–51. National Snow and Ice Data Center. 2012. World Glacier Inventory Version 1. Last updated in 2012. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, National Snow and Ice Data Center. NITI Aayog. 2018. “Composition Water Management Index: A Tool for Water Management.” NITI Aayog, New Delhi. Shrestha, A. B., N. K. Agrawal, B. Alfthan, S. R. Bajracharya, J. Maréchal, and B. van Oort, eds. 2015. The Himalayan Climate and Water Atlas: Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Five of Asia’s Major River Basins. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), GRID-Arendal, and CICERO.


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C.3 CCHF Performance during Validation for Each Climate Product

10min
pages 129-135

C.2 CCHF Performance during Calibration for Each Climate Product

2min
page 128

References

27min
pages 109-126

The Way Forward

2min
page 108

References

1min
pages 101-102

Black Carbon Deposition in the Region

2min
page 95

Implications of the Findings

11min
pages 103-107

Current HKHK Water Production

2min
page 92

Results

4min
pages 81-82

Hindu Kush Region, by Month, 2013

2min
pages 84-85

Black Carbon and Glacier Modeling to Date

2min
page 80

Black Carbon and Air Pollution

2min
page 78

Creating the Black Carbon Scenarios

5min
pages 66-67

CCHF Model: Linking Climate, Snow and Glaciers, and Water Resources

2min
page 69

Downscaling Climate in the Himalayas

2min
page 68

Framework (CCHF

1min
page 71

Climate Data

2min
page 64

4.2 Aspects of Climate Modeling

1min
page 65

4.1 Previous Analyses Related to the Current Research

2min
page 62

Overview

1min
page 61

References

4min
pages 58-60

Indus River Basin

2min
page 53

Notes

2min
page 57

Knowledge Gaps

2min
page 56

References

13min
pages 44-51

2.3 Impact of Aerosols on Regional Weather Patterns and Climate

2min
page 43

2.4 Average Annual Monsoon Precipitation in South Asia, 1981–2010

1min
page 41

1 Average Percentage of Annual Precipitation in South Asia, by Season 1981–2000 32

2min
page 23

Drivers of Glacial Change in South Asia

2min
page 35

Glacial Change

2min
page 31

References

1min
page 28

Implications of Glacial Change

2min
page 34

Economic Importance

1min
page 29

1.1 The Indus (Left), Ganges (Center), and Brahmaputra (Right) Basins in South Asia

1min
page 27
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