Glossary subscriptions are included. (International Telecommunication Union's World Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World Bank. Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data.) Net official development assistance (ODA) is net ODA from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC), non-DAC bilateral ODA (from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC], the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance [CMEA] countries, and China), and ODA from multilateral donors. OPEC countries are Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. The former CMEA countries are Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the former German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former Soviet Union). (Organisation for Economic Co-operation) Net official development assistance (ODA) as a share of central government expenditure is calculated by dividing nominal total net ODA by central government expenditure. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and International Monetary Fund government expenditures estimates) Net official development assistance (ODA) aid as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated by dividing nominal total net ODA by nominal GDP. For a given level of aid flows, devaluation of a recipient’s currency may inflate the ratios shown. Thus, trends for a given country and comparisons across countries that have implemented different exchange rate policies should be interpreted carefully. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development national accounts data files) Net official development assistance (ODA) from Development Assistance Committe (DAC) donors is net ODA from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development DAC donors, which include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Net official development assistance (ODA) from multilateral donors is net ODA from multilateral sources, such as the African Development Fund, the European Development Fund for the Commission of the European Communities, the International Development Association, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, Arab- and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)–financed multilateral agencies, and UN programs and agencies. Aid flows from the International Monetary Fund’s Trust Fund and Structural Adjustment Facility are also included. UN programs and agencies include the United Nations Technical Assistance Programme, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children’s Fund, and
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The Little Data Book on Africa