CorrectionalNews: March/April 2025

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

Jessica Lust, Chief Product Officer, Securus Technologies

VersaFrame Beam Seating

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MODULAR SOLUTIONS FOR SAFER SPACES

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Pax Seating Series

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March 24 - 29 | ILEETA

International Law Enforcement Educators & Trainers Association Conference & Expo 2025

St. Louis, Mo.

March 30 - April 2 | CLA Technology Conference Charleston, S.C.

April 5 - 8 | NCCHC

Spring Conference on Correctional Health Care Louisville, Ky.

Upcoming Issue:

May/June 2025: Security Electronics and Detention Equipment

Editorial Deadline: 04/14/2025

Contact: kat@wmhmedia.com

Ad Deadline: 04/28/2025

Contact: sarah@wmhmedia.com

STAFF

President

Editorial Director

Managing Editor Director of Client Relations

Editorial Contributor Production

Torrey Sims

Lindsey Coulter

Kat Balster

Sarah Clow Fay Harvey

Heidi Warstler

2025 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Jeff Beard

Bryan Collier

Nicholas Deml

Jeff Dunn

Helen Hanks

Edwardo Jackson

Rob Jeffreys

Shawn Laughlin

Brian Lovins, Ph.D.

Kelly A. Martinez

Larome Myrick, Ph.D.

Tyrone Oliver

Wayne Salisbury

Cory Salzillo

Nneka Jones Tapia, Psy.D.

Josh Tewalt

Felice Upton

Tim Ward

Former Secretary of Corrections for California and Pennsylvania

Executive Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice Commissioner, Vermont DOC Owner, The Dunn Group LLC

Commissioner, New Hampshire DOC Captain, Travis County Sheriff’s Office, Travis County, Texas Director, Nebraska DOC Commander, Broomfield Detention Center

Principal, Justice System Partners Sheriff, San Diego County

Executive Director, Rhode Island DCYF Commissioner, Georgia DOC Director, Rhode Island DOC

Managing Partner, WPSS Group

Managing Director for Justice Initiatives, Chicago Beyond Director, Idaho DOC

Asst. Secretary of Juvenile Rehabilitation, Washington State DCYF

Former Commissioner, Georgia DOC

Sales Sarah Clow, Director of Client Relations

sarah@wmhmedia.com

Editorial Kat

Securus Technologies’ latest tablet, EVOTAB, offers enhanced durability and improved connectivity

Photo Credit: Courtesy of Securus Technologies

Learn more about this technology on page 16

Drones & Anti-Contraband Drone Wars page 10

Facility of the Month A City’s Approach to Unified Justice page 22

Women in Corrections Women Breaking Barriers page 12

Renovations & Expansions Out With the Old page 28

SECTIONS

A/E/C

Arrington Watkins Architects has announced industry veteran Dan Sandall as the firm’s new national business development leader. With more than 30 years of experience in the justice and civic sectors, Sandall is recognized for his extensive industry knowledge and ability to foster meaningful relationships.

Throughout his career, Sandall has built a reputation as a trusted leader known for his strategic vision and dedication to client success. His ability to assemble the right teams for each project has contributed to the advancement of numerous civic and justice initiatives across the country.

In his new role at Arrington Watkins, Sandall will focus on strengthening existing partnerships and expanding the firm’s influence in the justice, public safety and civic sectors. His leadership is expected to play a key role in the firm’s continued growth and impact on communities nationwide

CGL recently announced the addition of Chad Thompson as a program manager.

Chad Thompson began his career with the Franklin County Sheriff’s Office (FCSO) as a deputy in the Corrections Bureau. During his tenure, Thomspon served as a supervisor in both the Corrections and Patrol Bureaus of the FCSO as well as assistant commander of the hostage negotiation team. In 2012, he was promoted to major and assigned as the facility commander for the downtown jail. Two years later, he transitioned to the Research and Development Bureau, where he helped establish and lead the C.O.R.E. and Transition teams as project manager for the design and construction of the new James A. Karnes Corrections Center.

Thompson is a graduate of both the Northwestern School of Police Staff and the National Jail Leadership Command Academy, Class No. 14. He has received

multiple certificates of merit, individual commendations, office citations and two lifesaving awards.

After three decades in corrections, Tim Hancock has been promoted to senior executive director of justice at Vanir. With this promotion, Hancock will continue to lead Vanir’s strategic initiatives to shape justice facilities across the country, ensuring environments are safe, efficient and humane. Working closely with the firm’s business and marketing teams, Hancock will deliver comprehensive, clientfocused solutions to enhance the company’s influence and market presence.

Before joining Vanir in 2022, Hancock served with the San Diego County Probation Department for 26 years. During his tenure, he played an integral role in developing the department’s award-winning $210 million Youth Transition campus. Hancock holds a bachelor’s degree in sociology with an emphasis in criminal justice from Point Loma Nazarene University.

Montgomery, Ala.

-headquartered Cadell Construction recently hired Kyle Tonione to serve as director of business development. As a seasoned business professional with experience in diverse sectors, Tonione will lead Cadell’s business development for the governmental team with a strong focus on the correctional market.

Tonione spent nearly 10 years with I-CON Systems Inc. where he collaborated with county, state and federal correctional clients to ensure facility maintenance goals were reached. Tonione will use his expertise in collaboration at Cadell to maintain positive contractor, customer and subcontractor relationships during early project stages. Tonione holds a bachelor’s degree in public relations from Georgia Southern University.

role, having served as a justice facilities practitioner specializing in policy and procedures, security and technologies. Prior to taking his new position, Pilson worked for 16 years with Professional Systems Engineering LLC, where he most recently served as partner and vice president of the public safety and security team. He also worked for 12 years for the Delaware County Juvenile Detention Center as coordinator of information systems and security and chief of security. There, Pilson worked closely with government officials, law enforcement, security professionals, architects, engineers, and policymakers while providing security enhancements for numerous new construction and expansion projects.

CORRECTIONAL LEADERS

The American Correctional Association (ACA) recently announced Annette Chambers-Smith and Bryan Collier as the 2025 recipients of the Edward Cass Award. Both correctional leaders were recognized for their innovative contributions and lasting impact on corrections.

Chambers-Smith, director of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (ODRC), has been an ACA member since 2001 and currently serves as chair of the Performance-Based Standards Committee. She began her correctional career in 1993 as an entry-level clerical worker at ODRC and has since held multiple leadership roles, including deputy director and warden. In 2023, Chambers-Smith received the Tom Clements Award from the Correctional Leaders Association and was appointed to the National Institute of Corrections Advisory Board by the U.S. Attorney General.

Brooke Martin, AIA, NCARB, CCHP, LEED Green Associate, was recently promoted to senior associate and project manager at Dewberry. With this promotion, Martin will assume greater responsibility for larger project contracts within Dewberry’s justice and healthcare market segments. Martin strives to understand how justice-involved people transition from the community, through the justice system, and back to the community— seeing great opportunity to create meaningful change in reintegrating justice-involved individuals back into productive members of society through rehabilitation. She will continue collaborating with colleagues in the firm’s planning, federal, community and education departments to provide holistic, longterm, flexible solutions that strengthen communities at county, state and federal levels. Martin earned a Bachelor of Science in architectural studies from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and a master’s degree in architecture from Southern Illinois University. She first joined Dewberry as a project architect in 2008.

Thomas Pilson was recently hired as principal within the Justice Security team at Gannett Fleming | TranSystems Pilson brings 28 years of experience to the

Collier, executive director of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), began his corrections career 39 years ago as a clerk for TDCJ. Collier has since served in several roles, including correctional officer, parole officer and deputy executive director. Collier is an active ACA member, serving on the Board of Governors and as the vice-chair of the Performance-Based Standards Committee. He holds a bachelor’s degree in criminology and corrections from Sam Houston State University.

Utah Gov. Spencer Cox has appointed Jared Garcia as director of the Utah Department of Corrections (UDC). Garcia brings more than two decades of experience in law enforcement, public safety and leadership to his new role, where he will oversee department operations, including two prisons, six community correctional centers and five adult probation and parole districts.

Garcia began his career at the Utah Department of Public Safety, rising through the ranks from trooper to captain. After leading critical law enforcement efforts, major crime investigations and specialized units, Garcia became chief of police in Moab before joining UDC as deputy executive director in 2023. Throughout his career in corrections, Garcia has emphasized the importance of communication and trust between officers and the community. He has been a vocal advocate for victims’ rights and school safety, previously serving on the Crime Victims Council and the Police Officer Standards and Training Council.

Sandall

Hancock

Tonione

Martin

PIlson

Chambers-Smith

Collier

Garcia

Thompson

Innovation, Challenges and the Path Forward How technology and innovation are shaping the future of correctional facilities

By Kat Balster

The correctional industry stands at a crossroads where technology, infrastructure and policy intersect. As correctional facilities face rising operational challenges— from aging infrastructure to staff shortages to increasing security threats—technological innovation presents new opportunities to enhance security, efficiency and rehabilitation efforts.

The recent meetings of the Correctional News Editorial Advisory Board (EAB), composed of facility operators, and Industry Knowledge Council (IKC), composed of A/E/C professionals and manufacturers, brought together leaders from across the country and segements of the industry to discuss the evolving landscape of corrections, the role of emerging technologies and the hurdles that must be overcome to modernize the sector.

The Role of Thought Leaders

Correctional News established the EAB and IKC to provide readers with expert insights on the growing complexities of correctional facility management as well as design, construction, security and more. Each group serves as a think tank, offering valuable perspectives and ideas that draw on years of industry experience— driving tmeaningful discussions and advancements in correctional management and design.

These initiatives also serve to foster communication and collaboration among experts from various disciplines to address industry challenges and improve the correctional sector as a whole. Providing a platform to facility operators as well as A/E/C professionals and manufacturers ensures that modern correctional facilities prioritize security, efficiency and best standards for safety, rehabilitation and care.

Discussions on Emerging Technology

The EAB and IKC gathered separately in January to discuss promising new technologies, vetting processes, gaps in existing technologies and the challenges of implementation.

As splashy new tools and systems hit the market, EAB leaders specifically must consider how these technologies might be a viable solution to a safety or operational problem.

Noteworthy emerging tech:

· AI-Driven Inmate Monitoring: Artificial intelligence-empowered technologies can now help to detect unusual behaviors prevent violence and reduce contraband smuggling.

· Drone Detection Systems: The use of drone monitoring systems can help to prevent external security threats and contraband drops within secure facilities.

· Facial Recognition Technology: Truly an emerging and largely untested technology, the demand is there for a solution that could provide significant day-to-day corrections operations.

· Automated Security and Control Systems: Members discussed automated systems for their value in reducing manual intervention in high-risk areas, increasing operational efficiency.

“We are seeing AI and automation play a larger role in correctional facilities,” said IKC member Scott Kernan, CEO of Leo Technologies and former California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation secretary.

“With growing concerns over staffing shortages, these technologies can help improve efficiency and security without overburdening personnel.”

Nick Deml, commissioner for Vermont Department of Corrections and EAB member, added that, while the potential for AI in reducing human error and improving operational oversight is enormous, there are challenges in ensuring staff members are properly trained and implementation is done effectively.

Cost and Compatibility Challenges

Despite the promise of these technologies, cost and compatibility remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Many facilities operate on outdated infrastructure, making it difficult to integrate modern solutions without substantial retrofitting costs.

Additionally, funding constraints within state and federal budgets limit the ability of facilities to invest in long-term, sustainable solutions. Many administrators struggle with the decision of whether to invest in modern infrastructure now or continue maintaining outdated systems at potentially higher costs in the future.

“Correctional leaders must weigh short-term financial constraints against long-term operational savings,” noted Stephanie Miner, vice president of sales at Acorn Engineering and IKC member. “The upfront investment may be significant, but modern technologies can dramatically reduce operational expenses and improve safety over time.”

Wayne Salisbury, director of the Rhode Island Department of Corrections and member of the EAB, emphasized the problem that owners and operators face.

“Most facilities are waiting until their systems are failing before upgrading,” Salisbury said. “This reactive approach ends up being far more expensive in the long run.”

“The upfront investment may be significant, but modern technologies can dramatically reduce operational expenses and improve safety over time.”

“A lot of these facilities were designed decades ago, long before today’s technological advancements,” said IKC member Brett Noecker, vice president of preconstruction at CML Security. “Retrofitting older infrastructure to work with new technologies is often a costly and time-consuming challenge.”

Bridging the Construction-Operations Gap

A theme across discussions was the need for better communication between construction professionals and facility operators. Many facilities are designed without

KERNAN

MINER

DEML

SALISBURY

NOECKER

Tech Trends to Watch

By Kat Balster

Learn how forward-thinking solutions are solving critical operational and safety problems

Correctional News is always on the lookout for emerging solutions to complex corrections operation challenges, and in this issue, readers are invited embark on a unique scavenger hunt.

The four sections showcase various operational challenges within correctional facilities and law enforcement settings that are being effectively addressed through creative technology-based solutions. In-text trends shine a spotlight on innovative trends and practical applications across the industry.

Starting here, follow the Tech Trends icons to learn about a variety of technology solutions, including a wearable biometric sensor designed to track a person’s vital signs from the time of arrest through detention, enhancing safety and reducing liability.

On page 10, discover an innovative passive scanning system that provides 24/7 monitoring to detect and identify unauthorized cell signals, helping correctional staff combat illicit contraband. Page 25 highlights a realtime inmate-tracking system that seamlessly integrates with facility infrastructure, improving security and operational oversight, while an AI-driven monitoring tool analyzes inmate phone calls to identify security threats

4Sight Labs

Keep an eye out for the magnifying glass icon throughout this edition to read about innovative, solution-oriented Tech Trends. This edition includes four highlighted pop-out sections in addition to article call-outs.

and criminal activity in near real time is featured on page 43. Join us in exploring these and other innovative solutions throughout this technology edition designed to enhance safety, security and efficiency within correctional environments.

Look for this symbol throughout the issue highlighting projects that utilized innovative technology solutions as well as more in-depth spotlights on products and systems.

Operational Problem:

Correctional facilities and law enforcement agencies face increasing mental health crises and the prevalence of substances like fentanyl. Traditional intermittent checks are insufficient in preventing medical emergencies, self-harm and in-custody deaths, leading to significant liability risks, operational strain and public scrutiny. Without better tools, officers are left to handle complex, high-risk situations with limited resources.

Technology Solution:

4Sight Labs developed Overwatch, a wearable sensor that provides continuous biometric monitoring from arrest to detention. The system tracks vital signs, detects distress signals and seamlessly integrates across agencies, ensuring detainee safety while reducing staff burden. By leveraging data-driven insights, Overwatch allows officers to respond proactively rather than reactively, preventing critical incidents before they escalate.

“Technology doesn’t take away your job—it makes your job better. We want to reduce the burden on staff and give them the tools they need to do this job in today’s world.”

–

John DiFalco, co-founder of 4Sight Labs

Network Infrastructure in Correctional Facilities Ethernet solution eliminates digital transformation barriers

By Kat Balster

Upgrading correctional facilities with modern Internet Protocol (IP) technology can be an expensive and complex endeavor, often hindered by the challenge of establishing robust power and data connections to IP devices. NVT Phybridge offers innovative Power over Ethernet (PoE) solutions that enable seamless digital transformation while saving time, money and resources.

Traditional Network Switch Limitations are Creating Costly and Disruptive Challenges

Many correctional facilities operate on legacy analog systems supported by an existing point-to-point network topology that was purpose-built for the application. Traditional network switches have strict reach and cable-type limitations, forcing facilities to rip and replace existing infrastructure—increasing costs, complexity and disrupting daily operations.

For facilities with significant coaxial cable installations, transitioning to CAT6 or fiber-optic cabling is often a logistical nightmare. Josh Dugan, project manager at Cornerstone, a security electronics contractor (SEC), worked to install NVT Phybridge’s product at a jail facility upgrade in Kitsap County, Wash.

“The site had an extensive installation of coaxial cables and replacing them with CAT6 runs would have been an

expensive, time-consuming process,” Dugan said.

“The cost of transitioning to an IP-based solution in correctional facilities can range from $1,500 to $5,000plus per endpoint,” said John Croce, CEO of NVT Phybridge, emphasizing the financial burden of these infrastructure upgrades. “Our solutions eliminate the need for costly infrastructure overhauls, reducing network readiness expenses by 70-85% which can be allocated to more devices and applications for the facility, allowing staff to achieve more with less.”

A Solution Utilizing Existing Infrastructure

By using PoE innovations, facilities can modernize without extensive rewiring and network overhaul. NVT Phybridge’s Ethernet over Coax (EoC) and long-reach PoE switches transform existing coaxial or telephone wiring into a secure and robust network backbone. This allows correctional facilities to seamlessly deploy IP-based technology such as cameras, phones, intercoms, digital signage, IPTV and access control systems without the need for additional server closets, extensive downtime or disruption.

“The deployment at Kitsap County Jail demonstrated the efficiency and reliability of NVT Phybridge solutions,” Dugan said. “The facility saved over $1 million in infrastructure costs while dramatically improving security.”

Candidates for the Technology

Facilities with space constraints or phased renovation plans are ideal candidates for the NVT Phybridge PoE solutions. If there isn’t the physical space to add new network closets every 300 or so feet, or if infrastructure routes back to a central location that is too far for traditional ethernet, this is a technology solution that could work.

For facilities where the cost, disruption and risk associated with having to rip and replace infrastructure— such as historical buildings or perimeter security expansions—leveraging existing coaxial, single-pair UTP

or multi-pair UTP wiring offers a cost-effective solution.

An SEC’s evaluation process plays an important role in assessing the existing infrastructure when taking on a renovation project.

“We examine the existing systems and infrastructure, then determine the right products to facilitate the owner’s needs based on budget and schedule,” said Andy Rivero, west coast regional sales manager at Cornerstone.

Power Over Ethernet Solutions in Practice

The Kitsap County Jail needed a significant surveillance upgrade, but county officials wanted to avoid costly and disruptive infrastructure changes. The county faced mounting security concerns due to an outdated analog camera system.

Cornerstone, the project’s SEC, recommended the adoption of NVT Phybridge’s CLEER24-10G switch to leverage existing coaxial cabling for a modern IP-based surveillance system.

Key Benefits of PoE:

· Cost Savings: More than $1 million in infrastructure savings

· Faster Deployment: No need for extensive re-cabling, IDF closet requirements or construction delays

· Improved Security: More than 250 new IP cameras with enhanced resolution and video quality

· Expanded Coverage: Surveillance extended to previously inaccessible locations, creating safer environments for staff and providing them with advanced capabilities

“The NVT Phybridge Ethernet over Coax product made integrating IP video and data communication over existing coax infrastructure an incredibly easy and efficient solution,” Rivero said.

Future-Proofing Correctional Facilities

As correctional agencies address infrastructure limitations, there is a need for solutions that support long-term growth with minimal disruption. NVT Phybridge’s scalable approach ensures facilities can integrate future IP-based technologies, including AI-driven security analytics, without requiring a major infrastructure overhaul.

“Stop the insanity of outdated methodologies,” Croce stated. “Facilities need proven, modern network solutions that maximize ROI while minimizing risk and disruption.”

By prioritizing efficiency, cost savings and seamless integration, these disruptive PoE innovations are redefining how correctional facilities approach digital transformation. As more agencies look to modernize in a costeffective and sustainable way, solutions like NVT Phybridge will play a role in ensuring a secure, efficient and future-ready corrections environment.

The modernization process from existing analog to new IP technology can use existing coax infrastructure to deploy adaptor and IP endpoints.

The Traditional LAN (left) offers far less capabilities and flexibility than the PoE Switch (right).| Photo Credit (all): NVT Phybridge

Women Breaking Barriers Meet the leaders transforming the corrections and justice system

By Kat Balster

For decades, the corrections and justice industry has been overwhelmingly male dominated. While progress toward gender equity has been made, women remain underrepresented in leadership roles. However, across the country, women leaders in corrections, law enforcement and the judiciary sectors are breaking barriers, shaping policy, and bringing new perspectives to rehabilitation and justice.

Correctional News spoke with several industry leaders to explore their journeys, the challenges they’ve faced and their contributions to the field.

Shaping Justice: Judge Lasheyl Stroud’s Fight for Equity

“Every single day, I get to dispense justice in a manner that I believe is fair.”

whereas by law, juvenile court is about rehabilitation,” Stroud explained.

Recognizing that many children in the justice system come from challenging environments, Stroud has introduced mental health programming to help them process emotions in healthier ways. She ensures youth in the court systems understand their rights and aims to turn their experience with the justice system into a positive one before it becomes a lifelong cycle.

Stroud also acknowledges the systemic inequities that persist within leadership and the challenges she still faces as a woman in a traditionally male-led field.

Judge Lasheyl Stroud, lead juvenile judge for the Franklin County, Ohio, Court of Common Pleas, has spent more than two decades in law advocating for justice, fairness and rehabilitation. Having practiced litigation and criminal defense before stepping onto the bench, she understands the complexities of the system from multiple angles.

Stroud’s primary focus is on juvenile rehabilitation rather than punishment. She believes juvenile courts should serve as a second chance for youth, guiding them toward better decision-making.

“The adult side of the judicial system is more punitive,

“I wish someone would have told me that even after years of experience, I’d still face the same inequities,” Stroud said. “But I’ve learned to speak up, to be confident and to know that my voice is needed.”

Her leadership is defined by faith, perseverance and empathy, qualities she hopes will define her legacy in corrections and justice.

Redefining Rehabilitation:

Commissioner Helen Hanks’ Vision for Holistic Corrections

“People thrive when you create spaces where they feel safe.”

and mental health, her leadership has brought a humancentered approach to corrections. One of her most significant achievements was the development of New Hampshire’s Correctional Facility for Women. Prior to establishing a dedicated facility, the state housed incarcerated women in a leased, outdated, overcrowded facility that did little to promote rehabilitation.

“Women coming into our system have histories of trauma, untreated mental illness and substance abuse. We had to create a space that made them feel safe and supported,” Hanks said.

The facility, which opened in 2018, incorporates natural light, therapeutic programming and traumainformed care, a sharp contrast to the harsh environments of traditional correctional institutions.

Beyond facility improvements, Hanks has advocated for staff wellness, recognizing the mental strain on correctional officers and employees. Under her leadership, the department has also reduced recidivism rates and implemented new healthcare models aligned with community services to ensure a smoother transition for those reentering society.

Commissioner Helen Hanks of the New Hampshire Department of Corrections has led groundbreaking initiatives to reform prison conditions, healthcare and reentry programs. With a background in social work

“Corrections isn’t just about locking people up. It’s about preparing them to return home in a better state than when they arrived,” Hanks said.

Director Amy L. Ast: A Legacy of Service, Transformation and Leadership

“Yes, it’s hard work, but make no mistake, it’s also heart work.”

Amy L. Ast, director of the Ohio Department of Youth Services (DYS) has dedicated nearly 30 years to juvenile justice, striving to transform the system with empathy, leadership and innovation. Beginning her career as a corrections officer in 1996, she worked her way up to become director of the DYS, appointed in 2021. Her leadership prioritizes education, mental health and trauma-informed care to break the cycle of incarceration. She envisions Ohio moving away from large

Judge Lasheyl Stroud (middle) hosts a panel at the January 2025 ACA Conference celebrating women of distinction in the corrections and justice industry.| Photo Credit: Lovestruck Images

ModCorr and Securitas Technology are redefining what’s possible in correctional facilities. From modular innovation to precision manufacturing and advanced security systems, we deliver integrated solutions for the industry’s evolving needs.

The Texas-based Women in Corrections event brought dozens conference together to network and socialize. Photo Credit: Serina

institutional juvenile facilities to smaller, safer and more rehabilitative environments.

“We are all more than the worst thing we have ever done,” Ast said, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment.

Ast is also a champion for women in corrections, believing mentorship and community strengthen the field. As a member of organizations like the Association of Women Executives in Corrections (AWEC), she embraces the responsibility of guiding the next generation of leaders.

Her legacy is one of resilience, service and transformation. Ast has worked to create a system that not only holds youth accountable but also provides them with pathways to success. The future she envisions ensures that young people are seen for their potential, not just their past mistakes.

“I want [youth] to know I cared, want them to know I see the best in them, even when they aren’t capable of seeing it themselves,” she said.

Sheriff Kelly Martinez: Leading With Compassion and Reform

“We

need to redefine what corrections means— compassion needs to be part of the equation.”

San Diego County Sheriff Kelly Martinez never envisioned herself as an elected leader. Beginning her career as a deputy sheriff in the 1980s, she spent 22 years in law enforcement before stepping into leadership.

Her focus has been on modernizing jails, improving healthcare access and reducing overdose deaths among incarcerated people. Under her leadership, overdose deaths in San Diego County jails have dropped by 65%, with no overdose deaths since January 2024—a major success as fentanyl use continues to rise nationwide.

“We added doctors at intake, improved screening for narcotics and implemented better intervention programs,” she explained.

Beyond law enforcement, Martinez is committed to rehabilitation. She has expanded job training programs, partnering with the Restaurant Association and local farms to provide inmates with skills that increase employment opportunities after release.

Recognizing the underrepresentation of women in law enforcement, she encourages more women to join the profession.

“We need women everywhere in this

See Women in Corrections, page 43→

Serina Greene (far left) co-founded the Womens in Corrections group in partnership with the Texas Jail Administrators organization,, which hosts events that provide a space where women can connect with each other at otherwise maledominated spaces. | Photo Credit: Serina Greene

dozens of women who were in town for the Texas Jail Association

Serina Greene

Is the ROI of Artificial Intelligence Justifiable in Corrections?

By Stephen Carter, AICP

Corrections is often regarded as the “tolerated cranky uncle” of the criminal justice system. As my uncle used to say, it is the north end of a south-bound mule. Correctional officers wear uniforms but lack the full paraphernalia of law enforcement officers. They might get a parking space but rarely one that is reserved.

Of the $274 billion spent on the three pillars of the criminal justice system—judicial, law enforcement and corrections—in 2021, law enforcement accounted for half, while corrections made up almost a third. By far, law enforcement had the greatest expenditures for technology.

Artificial Intelligence: A Cost-Saving Solution?

In 2024, the global law enforcement software industry was valued at $1.69 billion and is projected to reach $5.13 billion within eight years, according to AI Overview. While comparable data for corrections is unavailable, one large sunbelt state’s projected software expenditure last year suggests the national annual cost of simply maintaining current technology levels could range from $500 million to $800 million. Artificial Intelligence (AI) could potentially cause a seismic change for all three pillars of the system. Could this solution become less expensive through a more extensive use of AI?

Global and Local Implications of the AI Boom

In the last week of January, the joint venture Stargate Project was announced; with an intended $500 billion private investment to support AI data centers and essential computer chips. Simultaneously, a Chinesebased company founded by Liang Wenfeng launched DeepSeek, an AI platform that is set to rival TikTok. The company, which already attracts thousands of new users daily, was created with just $5.6 million by Wenfeng hoarding 10,000 of Nvidia’s processing chips.

Amid these foundation-shaking global developments, Correctional News hosted the first virtual meeting of the Industry Knowledge Council (IKC) to examine various topics that impact corrections, beginning with technology. There are members of the IKC that have

forgotten more than I will ever know about technological applications in corrections, but I want to briefly discuss how these “events” might shape the future of corrections.

Trust and AI in Corrections

In a 2019 article, I emphasized the need for trust as we venture into the use of artificial intelligence in corrections saying: “One might be excused for thinking that trust in a prison environment is an oxymoron, but that is exactly what managers count on to be able to go home safely at the end of the day. Staff is typically outnumbered, so an

most at risk.

AI’s Future in Corrections and Beyond

ChatGPT offers great potential to be more than a question-and-answer toy. We already know that before the end of this decade AI will already have “memorized” all data since humans began to write.

Whether DeepSeek will revolutionize AI as a costeffective, energy-efficient option remains to be seen but what we do know is that we ignore artificial intelligence at our own peril.

It falls upon organizations such as the IKC, the American Correctional Association, the ICPA, the American Association for Justice, and many others to champion innovative applications of AI and other technological advancements.

element of trust that good order is achievable is implied, if not acknowledged. Trust is a free gift endowed to everyone and we get to decide how to invest it.”

I went on to advocate for trusting that AI could be a valuable asset in corrections and to organize towards making that true. If I could choose just one AI application with the greatest potential impact, it would be behavioral predictive models that inform classification decisions—a practice already being employed.

Global Models for AI in Corrections

A colleague that I met several times through participation in the International Corrections and Prisons Association (ICPA) is Pia Puolakka, a forensic psychologist who served as the project director of the first “smart prison” in Finland. Too often, when the term AI is used in the correctional context, thoughts go to robots. However, the more predominant use is offender management systems (named ROTI in the Finnish system), daily routine management systems (Doris), and the recently implemented inmate risk and needs assessment model (Rise AI).

Similar tools to these are being developed or are already in use in American prisons, but few have explored the predictive capabilities of these machine-learning models, and none, to my knowledge, have used AI for rehabilitation. Admittedly, this is where the trust issue is

need for mitigation authority. However, their voice is underrepresented and they don’t always get the priority they deserve.”

Noting that they can’t just shoot a drone out of the sky—even when they suspect it has criminal intent.

Layered Defense Strategy

Since prisons and jails cannot legally disable drones, they rely on multi-layered detection systems to identify and intercept threats before contraband reaches inmates.

• Remote ID Detection – Acts as a digital license plate for drones. Compliant drones broadcast their identity, location and operator’s position, allowing security teams to track them. However, criminals often disable remote ID, limiting its effectiveness.

“With remote ID, we can track compliant drones,” said Lear. “But unfortunately, we’re often dealing with bad actors looking to bypass detection, so we advocate for a layered approach.”

• RF Signal Detection – Captures RF signals from drones without remote ID. These sensors listen for drone control signals on common radio frequencies, detecting most commercial drones before they reach prison airspace. However, this does not detect ‘dark drones’ that use encrypted signals or GPS wayfinding.

“Criminals know that we are good at detecting [drones with RF signals,] so they are using drones that are harder to detect,” said Glenn Davis, a UAS security consultant.

• Radar and Optical Tracking – Essential for detecting ‘dark drones’ that do not emit RF signals. Radar tracks all flying objects, including homemade drones and birds. Optical sensors, such as AI-powered cameras help to distinguish between them. Weather and obstructions can limit effectiveness.

The Human Factor

Technology alone is not foolproof, making staff training and oversight essential. Kucinic outlined best practices, starting with drone awareness training.

“Our first layer is drone awareness. We teach the staff what a drone is, types of

Let me conclude with just this: One of the earliest applications of machine learning—predictive text—is now used in virtually every email, report or text you send. If AI can already anticipate words and complete sentences, you don’t have to be a computer scientist to speculate where this will go in the future—and this is old technology by now.

Overcoming Resistance to AI Investment

Corrections has always been the back end of the system and is the government service that politicians get “un-elected” on. Advocating for greater investment in artificial intelligence will be challenging when the technology most promoted focuses on access controls, surveillance devices, drone- and phone-detection equipment and RFID tracking, among others.

It falls upon organizations such as the IKC, the American Correctional Association, the ICPA, the American Association for Justice, and many others to champion innovative applications of AI and other technological advancements.

Stephen Carter, AICP, is the executive vice president and global strategic development officer of Miami-based CGL Companies and a member of the Correctional News Industry Knowledge Council.

drones and how to detect drones by sound and appearance,” he said. “Then, we implement a consistent reporting mechanism.”

Accurate reporting allows facilities to track drone events and assess patterns. Even with advanced technology, human analysts play a crucial role in verifying threats. AIpowered detection software flags potential drones, but human experts analyze data before initiating a response, reducing false alarms.

“A layered strategy is critical,” Kucinic said. “Bad actors are always finding new ways to evade detection. Our goals remain simple: detect, locate, track and respond.”

The Future of Drone Defense in Prisons

As drones become more sophisticated and continue to evade detection, correctional security teams must stay ahead of emerging threats. Experts speculate on future smuggling tactics but remain cautious about sharing details.

“We’ve become effective at stopping many forms of contraband smuggling, but there is always something new on the horizon,” Kucinic said.

Correctional security experts support the ability to neutralize drones, citing the threat to life-safety and the impact of contraband. However, current laws prevent active mitigation.

“I think over time that mitigation authority will expand to state and local law enforcement,” said Newell.

Until then, facilities must prioritize detection, intelligence-gathering and collaboration with law enforcement. Even airspace restrictions are only as effective as those willing to obey the law.

“There is no single solution, no silver bullet,” said Davis. “Drone threats evolve constantly; no single technology can fully mitigate the risk. The only way to stay ahead is through a layered approach, constant adaptation and better legal authority.”

Drones & Contraband, from page 10

AirSight’s proprietary AirGuard software detects drone activity and provides immediate actionable intelligence.

Photo Credit: AirSight

Celebrating 20 Years of IN2WORK Shaping futures and breaking barriers in corrections

As Aramark Correctional Services celebrates the 20th anniversary of its groundbreaking IN2WORK program, it’s clear that the program’s impact reaches far beyond food safety certification. With thousands of incarcerated individuals gaining valuable skills and certifications, IN2WORK has transformed lives—and the stories of its participants prove just how powerful the program truly is.

Here’s a glimpse of how IN2WORK is making a difference:

· “IN2WORK gives you a reason to put one step in front of the other every day. So for that, I’m grateful.” — Chancey B.

· “Being a fellow, people look up to us. It’s sometimes a lot of pressure, but it’s really gratifying knowing that I am a role model for somebody now.” — Sara T.

· “Every day of the week, there’s something special that we share with each other.” — Keith F.

· “I honestly can’t even recognize the person I was before joining the IN2WORK program.” — Bresner P.

· “One team, one purpose, we have to make sure that the souls here are safe and also fed well. They’re going to be fed, they’re going to have a nutritious meal and there’s going to be a tasteful meal.” — LaShann E.

· “I want to open up my own restaurant, so I’m trying to learn all I can in this program. It’s had a huge impact on me.” — Michael P.

· “IN2WORK just changed my perspective on myself, period. People believe in us, and we’re not defined by our past mistakes.” — Lynn S.

· “I joined the IN2WORK program in 2016 and my life has gotten so much better…I had to come to prison to get it together.” — Eugene N.

These powerful testimonials are just a few examples of how IN2WORK continues to shape the futures of incarcerated individuals. Since its inception 20 years ago, the program has grown into a cornerstone of rehabilitation, offering food safety and warehouse certifications through both classroom and hands-on training. And its influence extends far beyond mere technical skills—it provides participants with the tools to rebuild their lives with confidence, purpose and hope.

IN2WORK is now implemented in 32 states across more than 290 active programs, and it has graduated more than 14,000 individuals. The program offers participants opportunities to earn valuable certifications such as the ServSafe Managers certification from the National Restaurant Association and the Certified Specialist

certificate from the National Retail Federation in Supply Chain, Inventory & Logistics. Best of all, it’s completely free for incarcerated individuals, making career readiness and educational advancement accessible to all.

The program’s success is rooted in its holistic approach, not only helping participants build careers but also fostering a sense of self-worth and community. Graduates and their families can apply for Aramark scholarships to help further their education, with more than $120,000 awarded in the past five years alone.

Over the past two decades, IN2WORK has evolved from its early days of food safety training to include comprehensive workforce development in retail and warehousing, meeting the needs of both incarcerated individuals and the industries looking to hire them. With a proven track record and a growing network of partners, IN2WORK has become a powerful tool for correctional facilities seeking to support successful reentry.

The power of IN2WORK lies in its ability to change lives, one certification and one success story at a time. For correctional facilities looking to make a lasting impact, partnering with Aramark’s IN2WORK program offers a proven solution for career readiness, community reintegration and reduced recidivism.

As IN2WORK enters its 20th year, the program is more committed than ever to breaking barriers, providing opportunities and changing the narrative for those who are incarcerated. Join Aramark in celebrating 20 years of empowerment and innovation—because every step toward a brighter future starts with the right tools and the right support.

Traversing the Technology Landscape Innovative trends

By Kat Balster

are reshaping safety, efficiency and rehabilitation in the corrections space

Technology innovation in carceral environments presents both a broad-sweeping challenge and a fertile ground for growth. Unlike other public sectors, corrections often sees a much slower adoption of new technology, largely due to budget constraints, aging infrastructure and legislative hurdles. However, the unique needs of correctional facilities—spanning security, rehabilitation and operational efficiency—have driven the rise of creative solutions that aim to enhance safety, reduce recidivism and streamline facility management.

For a firsthand look at real-world applications of technology in correctional settings, Correctional News toured the Broomfield Detention Center (BDC), a municipally run jail located in the northwest area of Denver. Known for its commitment to innovation, BDC serves as a testing ground for new correctional technologies.

Commander Shawn Laughlin, a member of the Correctional News Editorial Advisory Board and the 2024-25 president of the American Jail Association,

describes BDC as an “incubator for technology” in the corrections industry.

“For us, embracing technology isn’t just about keeping up—it’s about staying ahead. We want to serve as a model for other facilities, showing how innovative solutions can make correctional operations safer, smarter and more efficient,” said Laughlin.

BDC’s size (averaging 65-70 inmates in 2024), flexibility and leadership-driven approach make it an ideal proving ground for emerging correctional technologies. The facility has actively partnered with technology providers to test solutions that could eventually be implemented nationwide, while helping develop policies and best practices for integration and operations.

Innovations in corrections technology can be generally categorized into three main areas: safety and security, rehabilitation and operational efficiency. Innovations such as virtual reality (VR) training and artificial intelligence-driven (AI) education support rehabilitation by preparing inmates for reintegration, while AI-powered surveillance, contraband detection, and drone defense systems enhance security and staff safety. At the same time, automation, telehealth, virtual courts and RFID tracking are streamlining operations, reducing long-term costs and easing staff workload.

Rehabilitation Technology

Recidivism reduction is a key metric upon which corrections agencies hinge the success of their programs and efforts. The National Institute of Justice has provided preliminary

evidence that VR can be used to rehabilitate inmates by placing them in simulations of potentially stressful real-world scenarios, such as public transportation, job interviews and other common interactions they will have upon release. Experiencing those environments

component in the strategy to better prepare individuals for reentry. The EVOTAB advances the technology offerings by providing LTE connectivity, while they are built to leverage Android Enterprise and managed Google Play, improving access and efficiency in facilities

“For us, embracing technology isn’t just about keeping up—it’s about staying ahead. We want to serve as a model for other facilities, showing how innovative solutions can make correctional operations safer, smarter and more efficient.”

and building the skills to navigate them through roleplaying in a risk-free environment can improve successful reentry. Oftentimes, this VR application is tied into AI to personalize programs for each participant.

Technology that allows for increased connection with the world, whether by video communication with families or via controlled access to tablets, has also been linked to better inmate outcomes. The more integrated that inmates can remain with their communities and support networks, the lower their likelihood of re-offending and being re-incarcerated.

Securus Technologies has been at the forefront of this connectivity revolution, providing incarcerated people with secure communication solutions, from phone to video and text, that help maintain family ties. The company’s tablet programs, which are deployed in numerous correctional facilities, also provide inmates with controlled access to educational courses, vocational training and telehealth services. The tablets serve a dual purpose: They facilitate personal development while also reducing idleness, a common factor in institutional incidents, making facilities safer and calmer. Moreover, Securus’ video visitation services enable inmates to maintain meaningful relationships with loved ones, which positively impacts mental health and post-release reintegration success.

The newest iteration of the tablet, the EVOTAB, is being tested in a pilot program at BDC. Laughlin sees the technology as a key

Designing for Positive Outcomes

As leaders in justice design, we stand committed to using the design process to promote meaningful restorative justice and human dignity.

HDRjustice@hdrinc.com

that aren’t built to enable technology. The tablet also has increased durability and security features, such as tamper alarms, GPS tracking, biometric authentication and military-grade durability. Inmates can use the tablet to place phone calls, order items from commissary, review facility handbooks and complete required trainings.

“The ability to implement LTE-enabled tablets in a correctional facility opens new doors for both security and connectivity,” said Jessica Lust, chief product officer at Securus. “[BDC] provides an ideal testing ground where we can evaluate cell quality, security measures and user experience in real time.”

Improving Safety and Security

The existence of contraband in correctional facilities has a direct impact, not only on the safety and security of staff but also on the effectiveness of rehabilitative efforts. As security challenges become more sophisticated, the need for innovative, tech-driven solutions has grown. These advancements include AI-powered monitoring, wearable biometric tracking, contraband-detection systems and real-time inmate communication analysis. Whether scanning inmate mail to be distributed digitally, reducing the risk of contraband smuggling, or using RF-disabling technology to detect and block illicit cell signals, correctional facilities are turning to AI- and

Franklin County - Corrections Center, Columbus, Ohio

The Broomfield Detention Center (BDC) in Colorado has positioned itself as an incubator for emerging technology.

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REPORT DIRECTOR’S DIRECTOR’S REPORT

STATE OF GEORGIA

Evolving Threats to Corrections

Drones offer a new covert way to introduce dangerous contraband to secure facilities

By Tyrone Oliver

For decades, correctional system leaders have diligently worked to prevent the introduction of contraband into prisons across the nation. However, as technology advances, the threats we face have expanded our view from the ground to the skies. The intrusion of drones into our airspace represents an increasingly significant risk to correctional facilities and the surrounding communities.

How Drones are Used to Smuggle Contraband

Drones represent a low-risk, high-reward method for delivering contraband to offenders within our correctional system. As the cost of drones decreases, and their availability increases for consumers, breaching prison perimeters has become easier. Additionally, drones provide anonymity that individuals on foot do not have, increasing their appeal for smuggling activities. A recent investigation by agents from the Georgia Department of Corrections (GDC) revealed that drone operators were paid between $6,000 and $10,000 for each drop.

The danger posed by drones lies in the undetected contraband that can enter our prisons, with one of the most dangerous being

cellphones. Offenders not only profit from contraband sales, but by gaining possession of these illegal cellphones via drones, they have the ability to orchestrate additional drops and continue their criminal enterprises within our communities and across state lines. This poses a serious threat to the security of our prisons as well as the safety of civilians. Inmates have coordinated murderfor-hire, assaults on staff, and facility disturbances using illicit cellphones. Another alarming realization amongst correctional officials is that larger drones could potentially support the weight of a human, raising concerns about their use in the escape of an offender.

Operation Skyhawk: Combatting Drone Threats

Last year, the GDC partnered with the FBI’s Safe Streets Gang Task Force to carry out a state-led initiative called Operation Skyhawk. Using digital forensics, cellular analysis and surveillance techniques, agents were able to locate drone operators and disassemble smuggling networks. The contraband seized during the investigation had an estimated value exceeding $7 million. This operation resulted in a total of 150 suspects arrested and more than 1,000 criminal charges, including contraband smuggling, drug trafficking and possession of firearms by felons.

Strategies for Detection and Prevention

To effectively combat the evolving threat posed by drones in corrections, a single approach is insufficient. Instead, we must implement a layered strategy to track and detect both drones and their operators. The GDC

addresses this issue through partnerships with local and federal law enforcement agencies, agency investigators, digital forensics units and advanced technologies. Although this method has achieved some success, it is not foolproof. The rapid evolution of drone technology continues to pose new challenges, necessitating ongoing enhancements to our capabilities.

Legal and Policy Challenges

Correctional agencies across the U.S. face similar challenges in addressing drone-related threats to their facilities. These agencies often have limited resources and technology for drone detection. Currently, the only available options include radio frequency monitoring, radar, acoustic sensors, electro-optical devices and artificial intelligence. However, the most significant obstacle they encounter is the legal restriction against the implementation of measures that would allow physically disabling drones entering correctional facilities. Drones are classified as aircraft and are protected under federal law, making it illegal to interfere with them within the National Airspace System (NAS).

Collaboration and Advocacy on the Path Forward

Correctional officials nationwide are uniting to combat this problem. To drive meaningful change, we must educate our legislators both at state and federal levels. Progress cannot be made without collaboration and advocacy for essential policy changes needed to better protect our staff, inmates, facilities and communities.

Tyrone Oliver serves as the commissioner of the Georgia Department of Corrections (GDC) and is a member of the Correctional News Editorial Advisory Board. With more than 25 years in law enforcement, he was appointed to lead GDC in 2023 after previously service as commissioner of the Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice. The GDC oversees 35 state prisons, housing approximately 49,000 inmates and employing approximately 9,000 staff members.

The DJI Inspire II was a drone recovered by the GDC during Operation SkyHawk. Photo Credit: Lovestruck Images

Contraband seized from an attempted drone drop at Georgia’s Smith State Prison highlights the need for anti-contraband technologies. | Photo Credit: GDC

The drones symposium at the ACA Winter Conference in January, included a presentation by the GDC. Special Agent Greggory Phillips was a key member of the team involved in Operation SkyHawk and demonstrated findings to the audience. | Photo Credit: Lovestruck Images

Transforming Treatment and Technology in Women’s Corrections

By Brooke Martin, AIA, and Cassandra Franco, AIA

In 2024, the Council on Criminal Justice and the Prison Policy Initiative (PPI) released new data on women in corrections, revealing that women’s contact with the criminal justice system has increased by 41%

over the past several decades. In contrast, the figures for men have trended downward over the same period. PPI also noted that 190,600 women and girls are in custody in the U.S. on any given day, with 77,000 of those women in correctional facilities. Additionally, the data highlights the aging population of incarcerated women, further emphasizing the need for gender-responsive healthcare and facilities.

units and facilities that were designed for men and lack the appropriate amenities for their needs.

According to the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA), more than 86% of justice-involved women have experienced sexual violence in their lifetime, often leading to complex reproductive and mental health needs in a corrections facility. Correctional policies that include shackling, full-body strip searches and supervision by male officers in areas near where women dress, shower or use the bathroom fail to reflect a trauma-informed system. Women are also far more likely to experience sexual assault while incarcerated and make up the majority of victims of staff-on-inmate sexual abuse, according to the PREA Resource Center.

Transforming Culture and Care

To better support the health and well-being of incarcerated women, correctional facilities should emphasize modern, humane and gender-responsive design elements. These designs must account for custody and classification differences across minimum-, medium- and maximum-security populations. Facilities should include specialized spaces for the 32% of women who have serious mental illnesses (SMI), the 53% of women who have major medical needs and the 82% of women who struggle with substance use disorders.

It is especially important to prioritize the stabilization of women with self-harm tendencies, chronic health conditions or those who have been assessed as high risk. Designing to the lowest risk, where appropriate, results in the greatest feeling of normalcy. Designing housing units to the needs of women can also increase the livability within classification spaces. Creating environments that foster rehabilitation and well-being is key to ensuring that correctional facilities effectively support the treatment of incarcerated women.

The rise in the percentage of justice-involved women necessitates gender-responsive policies, appropriate operations and intentional correctional design. According to the Vera Institute, approximately eight in 10 incarcerated women identify as mothers, the majority of whom are single parents. Historically, the smaller numbers of incarcerated women compared to men, coupled with the fact that many facilities were originally designed as gender-neutral, has led to inadequate healthcare, community and privacy considerations. Many women are housed in aging housing

Justice-involved women have limited access to healthcare resources and are dependent on others to provide them access to treatment. Traditionally, treatment takes place in an infirmary where patients are brought in for evaluation and minor treatment or are transported out of the facility to a hospital. This results in limited care options and creates the challenge of maintaining adequate staff in the facility.

Current Healthcare Trends in Corrections

Newly designed detention facilities are addressing staffing shortages by bringing medical and mental health services on-site. Services such as dialysis, infusion, physical therapy, clinical services and obstetrics are all increasingly available in the detention environment. While this approach helps bridge staffing gaps, there are still a limited number of healthcare providers willing to work in this environment.

To address these challenges, the corrections industry is leveraging technological advances. The advances, termed FemTech, are centered on supporting women’s health with products that can track and help women make informed decisions regarding menstrual cycles, pregnancy, pelvic health and other critical aspects of care. These advancements help incarcerated women make informed health decisions despite limited access to traditional healthcare.

High-Performance Healthcare

Technological advances have been available to correctional leaders and facilities for many years, though adoption has been slow. Starting in 2015, the federal government began requiring public and private healthcare

Dewberry Architects’ rendering of a minimum-classification unit shows an environment conducive to healing. | Photo Credit: Dewberry Architects Inc.

The exam room in the Mule Creek Infill Complex in Ione, Calif., provides basic healthcare for inmates.

Photo Credit: Mikki Piper Imaging

The exercise room at the State of Nebraska Community Corrections Center provides opportunity for preventative health and wellness. | Photo Credit: Tom Kessler Photography

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A City’s Approach to

A new Lynnwood, Wash., facility integrates law enforcement, support under one roof

By Kat Balster

Cities and municipalities form the backbone of society, shaping where and how people live, work and connect—as well as how they interact with law enforcement and engage with justice and correctional systems.

Lynnwood, Wash.—with a population of roughly 43,000 and situated between Everett and Seattle—faces justice challenges related to substance use, homelessness and mental illness. The burden of responding to these crises often fell to the Lynnwood Police Department, straining its 46-bed jail.

For decades, city leaders developed master plans to address these issues. In 2019, Lynnwood selected Seattle-based Mackenzie and Olympia, Wash.,-based KMB Architects to lead the design of a new justice center. The vision was clear: create a facility that enhanced public safety while prioritizing rehabilitation and reducing recidivism. The first phase of the $72 million, 129,825-square-foot project opened in fall 2024 and the second is expected in spring 2025.

The Lynnwood Community Justice Center (CJC) is more than just a new building—it marks a shift in municipal governance, integrating law enforcement, rehabilitation and community engagement. This state-of-the-art complex houses the police department, a modern misdemeanor jail, a municipal court and the innovative Community Crisis Center (CCC), embodying a balance of compassion and accountability.

“Lynnwood’s vision to provide a comprehensive campus of services for the community was inspiring as an architect,” said Brett Hansen, principal at Mackenzie. “Their passion energized the entire team and the project has been a great source of pride.”

Collaborative Design Effort

The project presented a unique challenge to the collaboration between Mackenzie and KMB Architects. Each firm brought specialized expertise to different aspects of the facility: Mackenzie, as the project’s prime architect/engineering firm, focused on law enforcement design, while KMB provided judicial and correctional expertise.

“This was our first project together, and we couldn’t have picked a more complex one,” Bill Valdez, PE, DBIA, lead designer at KMB Architects. “We acted as the lead designer for the jail and courts, while Mackenzie led the police and parking garage design. It was a highly integrated effort, and ultimately, that collaboration became one of the project’s biggest successes.”

The project involved remodeling the existing municipal court while

A state-of-the-art control room provides centralized monitoring of the entire facility, ensuring security and efficiency in operations.

The secure booking and intake area supports efficiency in processing and evaluation. | Photo Credit (all): Christian Columbres Architectural Photography

The public lobby of the Lynnwood Community Justice Center is designed to create a welcoming space while maintaining security and accessibility.

Unified Justice

enforcement, courts and crisis

constructing a new police headquarters, jail and Community Crisis Center (CCC) on the site. The project broke ground in early 2021, initially focused on construction of the new jail and police headquarters. Olympia, Wash.,-based Forma Construction was selected as the general contractor through a design-bid-build process in June 2022, which is also when the amendment to incorporate the CCC was added midproject.

Joseph Dickinson, detention commander for the Lynwood Police Department, worked with Chief Jim Nelson, who set the tempo for the design and the needs of the facility with the project team.

The Role of the Community Crisis Center

One of the most innovative aspects of the Lynnwood CJC is the integration of the CCC. Originally called the Community Recovery Center, it was designed as a voluntary alternative to incarceration for individuals experiencing mental health or substance abuse crises.

“The CCC allows officers to bring individuals in crisis to a safe environment where they can receive immediate support instead of entering the criminal justice system,” explained Janna Peters, project architect for KMB Architects. “It’s a unique model that prioritizes care over punishment.”

The concept of the CCC emerged from a tragic event—the first suicide in the old facility. “That hit hard,” said Dickinson. “During COVID-19, it was not easy to navigate. We were on the brink of having everything ready to go, and the public gave us pause.”

The CCC is a voluntary crisis intervention facility, offering mental health and substance abuse stabilization. Built with soundproof walls, soft lighting and durable yet humane materials, it was designed to foster a calming and supportive environment.

The center is secure and welcoming, a mix of milieu recliners for short-term crisis stabilization (23-hour stays) and 16 single- and double-occupancy beds for longer-term psychiatric support (up to 72 hours). The goal is to focus on the person’s underlying

“The goal was always to establish a more therapeutic approach,” Dickinson said. “Once construction began, I didn’t have to ask for much; the design team got it right from the start.”

“The goal was always to establish a more therapeutic approach,” Dickinson said. “Once construction began, I didn’t have to ask for much; the design team got it right from the start.”

The police headquarters was constructed using reinforced concrete and steel, featuring modern office spaces, a naturally lit break area and a gym to support staff wellness. It features a dedicated staff entrance and access to secure evidence processing area. The police department and the jail are directly connected via a secure interior hallway, allowing efficient movement between facilities. The jail building houses 88 beds and cells that were constructed using modular panels. It accommodates male medium-custody and female medium- and high-custody inmates.

Modular Design for Efficiency and Security

A key feature of the new jail is its use of modular construction, which improves efficiency while ensuring safety. According to Joseph Etinger, senior project manager for Cornerstone, the detention equipment contractor and security electronics integrator on the project, the MAXwall factory-grouted wall panels were customized to the facility’s specifications.

“The two-inch-thick panel eliminates unnecessary building square footage compared to CMU block or precast concrete walls,” said Etinger. “The mezzanine cells utilize Claborn double-skin security ceilings, optimizing safety and efficiency.”

issues before addressing accountability. A temporary release order system allows judges from the municipal courts to transfer inmates to the CCC for stabilization before returning them to custody.

The city worked closely with residents to make sure that the project was aligned with the community’s needs and concerns. The design team expedited planning and completed permitting within seven months to fit to the construction schedule.

Now, the CCC is the final component of the justice center preparing to open. As operational logistics and staffing are finalized, the city is focused on integrating the services provided by the CCC and the whole justice center into the broader community, including mental health support, rehabilitation programs and diversion initiatives.

Security and IT Infrastructure Challenges

While the architectural design was central to the project’s success, ensuring secure and future-proofed IT and security systems was a crucial challenge. Patrick Shannon, principal at Seattle-based Hargis Engineers, noted the complexity of integrating various security networks while maintaining the city’s IT infrastructure requirements.

“The biggest challenge was the quantity of systems and how they’re integrated and what networks they reside on. Security systems these days are very IT-centric, and they keep going more and more in that direction,” said Shannon. “We had to ensure that the city’s IT infrastructure could support these integrations without compromising security or operational efficiency.”

The existing technology landscape in Lynnwood also played a significant role in shaping the project’s execution. The city had existing standards for access control, video systems, and IT network separation, which had to be maintained while introducing new technologies.

“In this case with Lynnwood, we had two ‘bags’—one on a city-controlled network and another on an air-gapped custody network,” Shannon explained. “The city had very explicit requirements for that separation, but there still needed to be some integration.”

Cybersecurity was another major focus, with Lynnwood implementing penetration testing during construction. “They did cyber testing at various points, almost as an enhanced commissioning process,” said Shannon. “That was unique to this project, and I think something that will become more of a recommendation in the future.”

Advanced Security and Technology Integration

Security and technology were critical considerations in the facility’s design. The control room, accessed through the police station, provides a central monitoring hub for the entire complex.

The modern exterior of the Lynnwood Community Justice Center, which is designed to integrate law enforcement, courts and rehabilitation services under one roof. Rendering Credit: Mackenzie

“This is one of the best control rooms I’ve seen in my 30-year career,” said Valdez. “It offers clear sight lines into every unit, direct visibility into outdoor recreation areas and all circulation corridors, and the ability to monitor all exterior and interior cameras.”

The open systems interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that describes the seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network. Layer one of the framework describes the physical layer.

“Everything IT is based on the OSI model,” Shannon said. “The key resides on that layer one level. Layer one often doesn’t get talked about much, but it is the most important element to creating an environment that is conducive to evolutions and not wholesale changes.”

He also noted that while future technological changes are unpredictable, ensuring a strong physical infrastructure—including fiber optics, structured cabling and resilient power systems—provides the adaptability needed for facilities with 50- to 70-year lifespans.

Prioritizing Rehabilitation and Dignity

One of the primary goals of the new justice center is to break the cycle of incarceration by addressing the underlying factors that contribute to criminal behavior. Recognizing that many individuals entering the justice system struggle with mental health challenges, substance disorder, or a lack of economic opportunities, the facility has been designed to serve as more than just a holding space—it is a place of transformation and second chances.

“We don’t just want to hold people,” said Dickinson. “We want to give them the tools to reintegrate into society successfully.”

This philosophy is reflected in the range of rehabilitative services available at the facility, including:

· GED and vocational training programs to help people gain marketable skills for employment

· Mental health and substance abuse counseling to provide ongoing support for recovery

· Job placement assistance and employment workshops to facilitate successful reintegration into the workforce

· On-site probation services to ensure smooth transitions and continued support after release

Beyond offering these services, the facility’s layout was designed to promote a dignified reentry experience. Instead of being released through a hidden back door—a practice common in traditional correctional settings—people being released exit through a public plaza that provides immediate access to support services, job resources and community programs. This intentional design reflects the center’s broader mission of restoring dignity and fostering long-term success.

Dickinson and his team also go beyond traditional correctional approaches by personally ensuring that people leaving custody are connected to resources that will help them stay on the right path. In one case, Dickinson drove a recently released person home when no transportation was available. In another, his officers coordinated with community health and safety units to ensure a newly released person had fresh clothes, food and a ticket to a long-term treatment center across the state.

A Model for the Future

The Lynnwood Community Justice Center represents the shift in municipal justice facilities. By integrating law enforcement, corrections and rehabilitative services under one roof, it offers a comprehensive approach to community safety.

“This project wasn’t just about building a facility—it was about creating a system that better serves the community,” Valdez noted.

As cities across the country seek solutions to address recidivism, mental health and public safety, the Lynnwood CJC serves as a model for the future. Through thoughtful design and a commitment to rehabilitation, it stands as a testament to how justice facilities can be both secure and compassionate.

PROJECT DATA

Project Name: Lynnwood Community Justice Center and Lynnwood Community Crisis Center

Facility Type: Municipal Jail, Police Station, Courts and Crisis Center

Location: Lynnwood, Wash.

Square footage:

•Lynnwood Community Justice Center: 116,859 SF

•Lynnwood Community Crisis Center: 12,966 SF

•Total: 129,825 SF

Total Project Cost: $72 million

Bed Count:

•CJC: 88 Beds

•CCC: 32 Beds

Project Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build

Cell Construction Type: Modular Wall Panel Detention Cells

Owner: City of Lynnwood

Architect of Record: Mackenzie (Police Department, Parking Garage and Municipal Jail & Community Crisis Center), KMB Architects (Municipal Court and Jail Administration)

Owner’s Representative: KMB Architects

General Contractor: FORMA Construction

Detention Equipment Contractor: Cornerstone Inc.

Electronic Security Design Consultant: Hargis Engineering Inc.

Food Service and Laundry Design: KMB Architects

Site and Civil Engineer: Perteet Inc.

Security Electronics Contractor: Cornerstone Inc.

PRODUCT DATA

Walk-In Coolers/Freezers: American Panel Corporation

Refrigeration: Omnitemp Refrigeration

Ovens: Blodgett

Custom Stainless Equipment: FS Fabco

Correctional Furniture: Jail: Claborn Manufacturing Company

CRC: Norix

Detention Accessories: Cornerstone Detention Products, Willoughby Industries, American Specialties Inc.

Security Systems: PLC (Modicon), CCTV (Vicon), Intrusion (Bosch), Access Control (Isonas – owner programmed)

Courtroom Technology: Systems Solutions of Washington Inc.

Touchscreen System: Citect SCADA

Intercom: Harding, Haven Technologies

Security Glazing: Global Security Glazing

Detention Windows: Claborn Manufacturing Company

Ballistic Service Windows: Armortex Bullet Blast Force Entry Protection Products

Security Cell Doors: Claborn Manufacturing Company

Security Screens: Claborn Manufacturing Company

Security Fencing: Commercial Fence

Security Locks: AirTeq

Detention Padded Surfaces: Prime Coat Coating Systems

Security Penal Plumbing: Acorn Engineering Company

Security Sprinkler Equipment: Viking

Smoke Detection Systems: Cosco Fire Protection

Concrete: FORMA Construction

Cells (Modular Metal Panel): Claborn Manufacturing Company

Exterior Finish: Kingspan Insulated Metal Panels, AEP Span Metal Panels

Roofing (Thermoplastic Membrane Roofing): Carlisle SynTec System

Security Ceiling System: Claborn Manufacturing Company

Doors: Washington Architectural Hardware

Plumbing: Sloan, Elkay

Water Management System: Acorn Master-Trol Plus Water Management System

HVAC: AAON, shutdown control via BACnet

Security Cell Lighting: Lithonia, control via BACnet

What Keeps Me up at Night Construction work inside the security envelope

By Greg Offner

In most every facility, from time to time, construction renovations, remodeling or repurposing space within a secure perimeter will occur. Whether it’s a jail, prison, courthouse or public safety building, the key to a smooth renovation process—and a good night’s sleep—lies in the management approach and capabilities of the designer and contractor.

On every project inside the secure envelope, there are three key elements for success:

safety, security and maintaining building operations. When selecting a designer and contractor, prioritize experience—specifically the number of years of service to your agency, familiarity with the building type and knowledge of secure facility operational protocols. Experience allows the team to focus on the essential elements and avoid pitfalls that could hinder project success. Ensuring these elements are effectively managed from the start will lead to project success and a good night’s sleep.

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Management Approach

Work inside a secure perimeter can be tedious. The goal of any approach is to eliminate all life-safety risks to workers, staff and the inmate population. A strong leader working in coordination with the maintenance, security and construction staff can proactively recognize and mitigate project risks. If you don’t want to be tossing and turning at night, consider this a non-negotiable.

During the renovations, the team leader must develop and promote unity of command and clear communication between the contractor staff and facility operations staff. This begins with background checks and clearance for all construction personnel before they are allowed to work inside the secure perimeter. Once approved, workers must attend training sessions focused on facility

See Maintenance & Operations, page 45→

Actall

Operational Problem:

Correctional facilities sometimes struggle to leverage new technologies due to infrastructure limitations, operational constraints and budget realities.

Technology Solution:

“We can’t continue business as usual in corrections—the underlying costs have escalated tremendously and continue to rise. If we want better outcomes, we need technology that addresses the evolving needs of custody both operationally and fiscally. Technology that is capable of integrating seamlessly into existing and future operations, not just another standalone system.” – Bob Hampe, president of Actall

Actall develops real-time location systems (RTLS) tailored for correctional environments. Unlike conventional tracking solutions, Actall’s technology is designed to accommodate the complex layouts, operational needs and security requirements of jailscustody environments. By focusing on open architecture and interoperability, Actall ensures its systems can integrate into existing facility infrastructure rather than requiring costly overhauls.

Renovations within the secure perimeter requires the selection of an experienced team. | Photo Credit:

Captain Alex Gray, Rockwall County

ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION.

Out with the Old Renovations and expansions are necessary to extend the lifespan of correctional facilities

By Kat Balster

Across the country, corrections agencies are grappling with aging facilities originally built to last 50 to 75 years. However, rapid population growth, technological advancements and evolving approaches to rehabilitation have made many of these structures inadequate in their current form.

Building a brand-new facility is often unnecessary and financially unfeasible, making renovations, expansions and system upgrades the most practical solution for maximizing a building’s lifespan.

To address spatial and operational challenges while balancing fiscal responsibility, correctional facilities across the country are undergoing critical upgrades aimed at

modernizing infrastructure, improving security and enhancing operational efficiency. These upgrades heavily rely on Detention Equipment Contractors (DECs) and Security Electronics Contractors (SECs) to install and integrate detention-grade equipment and the security systems for the facility.

“The first step in any renovation project is assessing existing conditions and understanding what needs to be fixed,” said Chris Nielsen, a principal with R&N Systems Design, a security design consulting firm. “With many facilities running on outdated technology, aging security electronics and infrastructure that no longer meet modern standards, prioritizing upgrades within budget constraints remains a primary challenge.”

“There are many promising innovations,” Nielsen said. “One of the biggest shifts we’ve seen is the move toward fully integrated systems that allow for real-time data sharing between different security components, making operations more seamless.”

Assessing Renovations and Expansion Needs

Many correctional facilities were built decades ago, and their security electronics often rely on outdated coaxial cables and hard panels. One of the key challenges of these projects is ensuring compliance with modern safety codes.

that may not be cost-effective in the long run. “Futureproofing is a big deal,” Nielsen added. “When you upgrade security systems, you want to ensure they’ll still be relevant in 10 or 15 years.

That means considering infrastructure like fiber-optic cabling and scalable software solutions.”

“One of the things we focus on is managing technology selection carefully. We ensure that proven technologies are used so they last a long time,” added TJ Rogers, president of Accurate Controls, another SEC. “A key aspect is verifying that there’s enough fiber backbone to support future system expansions.”

Lakshan Pathirana, project executive at CML Security, underscores the importance of an experienced DEC and/or SEC on these projects.

“If there’s a code violation, it immediately becomes a top priority,” Nielsen said.

Without proper documentation and facility assessments, administrators may struggle to secure funding for necessary improvements. A thorough evaluation of the physical, security, and operational conditions allows decision-makers to plan for both immediate fixes and long-term improvements.

“A new build gives you the flexibility to design from scratch, but with an existing facility, you have to account for the current population and find ways to phase out construction to minimize disruption to dayto-day activities,” Pathirana explained. “An experienced contractor understands how to navigate these challenges, ensuring that upgrades do not interfere with daily operations.”

Technological Innovations

Advancements in technology are transforming security and operational efficiency in correctional facilities, improving monitoring and offering cost-effective solutions for aging infrastructure.

Strategic Planning for Sustainability

Renovation and expansion efforts are not just about modernizing outdated facilities—they require strategic long-term planning. As many agencies struggle with transitioning from outdated systems to fully integrated solutions, an effective approach is phased planning. This allows facilities to upgrade gradually rather than applying short-term fixes

“There are many promising innovations,” Nielsen said.

“One of the biggest shifts we’ve seen is the move toward fully integrated systems that allow for real-time data sharing between different security components, making operations more seamless.” These technologies enhance facility security

Key stakeholders and Rockwall County officials broke ground on the jail expansion project in late 2019, marking the beginning of the effort to increase capacity and modernize the facility for improved security and rehabilitation.

Photo Credit: Captain Alex Gray

Rockwell County’s officer station, after construction, shows how closely the modeling was able to reflect the eventual outcome.

Photo Credit: R&N Systems Design

while reducing manual oversight, improving efficiency and response time.

“It is vital that the facility utilizes industry-standard, ‘off-the-shelf’ systems that will not become obsolete,” said Charles McInvale, preconstruction manager with Cornerstone, a leading DEC/SEC and manufacturer of detention equipment. “This ensures that security electronics remain adaptable to future advancements.”

Highlighting how modular control systems have revolutionized security electronics, Accurate Controls began implementing modular control systems about 13 years ago during the economic downturn when affordability was a major concern.

“Today, we pre-install all wiring, conduit, cable devices and head-end equipment in the factory,” Rogers said. “This has saved clients nearly $24 million across more than 200 projects.”

Stressing the need for a well-planned cutover strategy during a security electronics upgrade, Pathirana added that integrators don’t want to walk into a facility and completely cut the client off from their security system.

“Instead, we phase out the upgrades by keeping parts of the old system running in tandem with the new one until everything is fully operational,” Pathirana said.

Rockwall County Renovations and Innovations

Rockwall County, Texas, undertook a $50.2 million renovation and expansion project, increasing its jail capacity from 243 to 444 beds while incorporating cuttingedge security and operational technologies.

To streamline installation, Rockwall used prefabricated modular steel cells from SteelCell North America that integrated plumbing, electronics and security technology.

“We were able to design our own modular cells, which sped up installation and reduced labor costs,” said Alex Gray, captain of the Rockwall County Jail.

beds—it was about long-term sustainability and smarter security,” Gray said.

Minimizing Disruptions During Renovations

One of the biggest challenges when upgrading occupied correctional facilities is minimizing disruptions while maintaining security.

“With any renovation or expansion, you are typically going to be working inside an occupied facility, and that comes with challenges,” said McInvale. “The best-case scenario is that the owner allows us to shut down a specific area completely. If not, we have to install new systems while keeping the existing ones operational, which significantly extends project timelines.”

also critically important. Contractors first establish the network infrastructure to allow for temporary central control and ensure no security gaps during the transition.

“We have to systematically replace the system while keeping it running as long as possible,” said Rogers “That means understanding how the existing system was put together and developing a reverse-engineering plan to ensure continuity during upgrades.”

Key Takeaways

The management of life safety and security functions throughout the upgrade process is

Accurate Controls introduced remote I/O modules, which significantly reduce wiring complexity.

“Instead of routing every device back to a central control room, we placed PLC-based remote I/O modules in chases behind cells, making maintenance easier and more costeffective,” said Rogers.

Technology was also implemented early during the design phase, with R&N Systems Design using virtual reality (VR) modeling to demonstrate control-room layouts.

“We put officers in a VR headset to test their sightlines and ensure optimal security before construction,” said Nielsen.

The use of Revit modeling allowed precise placement of security cameras, preventing blind spots.

The county also implemented artificial intelligence (AI) powered perimeter surveillance instead of a physical fence, addressing community concerns regarding the visual appearance at the facility.

“We created a virtual fence that alerts the control center if security boundaries are breached,” Gray explained.

By leveraging technology and involving key team members early through a design-build delivery method, Rockwall County created a scalable, efficient and highly secure facility.

“This project wasn’t just about adding

For correctional facilities planning renovations or expansions, these industry experts recommend the following best practices:

1. Conduct Comprehensive Facility Assessments – Evaluating the physical, security and operational conditions ensures that renovations are well planned, rather than a series of costly short-term fixes.

2. Prioritize Code Compliance –Identifying safety and security code violations is crucial, as it strengthens the case for funding and ensures a safer environment.

3. Plan Phased Infrastructure Upgrades –Strategic, long-term planning allows for gradual improvements, rather than attempting to overhaul entire systems at once.

4. Adopt New Technologies – Implementing scalable security solutions helps future-proof facilities.

5. Minimize Disruptions – Ensuring upgrades can be completed with minimal downtime is essential for maintaining operations.

Correctional facility renovations and expansions are essential for maintaining safety, efficiency and compliance with modern standards. By leveraging new technologies, modular construction, and strategic planning, correctional agencies can create more secure and costeffective environments for both inmates and staff.

“The most successful projects are the ones where we clearly define priorities from the start,” said Nielsen. “If funding falls short, we already know which elements can be postponed without compromising safety and security.”

As the need for modernization continues to grow, correctional agencies must take a proactive approach to facility planning. By focusing on long-term solutions, institutions can maximize the lifespan of their facilities while enhancing overall safety and security.

By modeling the layout of the control room before construction, the owner was able to make real-time adjustments to the design. | Photo Credit: R&N Systems Design

Using Technology to Keep Youth Educated and Engaged North Dakota considers the digital divide and digital disconnection in serving detained youth

By Lisa Bjergaard

“Our internet has been out all weekend, and you’d think we’re on the brink of the apocalypse.”

I received this text from my adult son a few days ago, and you might guess what the rest of the conversation looked like. Apparently, his kids (my grandkids) being deprived of their digital connection made for a very long couple of days.

tech savvy, so we try not to take away technology, but rather to find opportunities to use it. Youth entering the facility are enrolled and begin classes within 72 hours, and electronic records transfers make that process nearly seamless.

As director of the North Dakota Division of Juvenile Services, this conversation made me think about what life without devices and digital connection is like for the thousands of youths who experience juvenile justice confinement, where digital access and devices are tightly controlled.

We know that correctional environments can exacerbate mental health conditions and be traumatic for youth, but do we fully understand the impact of periods of digital separation on youth development? Can we safely and securely adapt our spaces, policies, and technologies to help keep youth connected to their education and their communities?

The Digital Divide and its Implications

An aspect of technology that is near to the hearts of many who live and work in rural environments is the “digital divide.” The term describes the gap between people who have access to affordable, reliable internet service (and the skills and devices necessary to take advantage of that access) and those who don’t.

In North Dakota and many sprawling rural areas, the digital divide is real; however, North Dakota’s Information and Technology department’s 2024 Digital Equity Plan has a bold vision: “Empower every North Dakotan, from our urban centers to the most remote regions of our state, with equitable digital access to be engaged with the opportunities of tomorrow.”

How does this vision apply to our confined youth? Confinement often creates an abrupt separation from their digital lives, an experience very much like the digital divide. What are the short- and long-term impacts of that separation and the lack of access to devices and platforms? And, during long periods of confinement, are we sufficiently readying youth for release and equipping them to “be engaged with the opportunities of tomorrow?”

There is much yet to be learned about the impact of abruptly separating youth from their digital lives, and about how much we, as temporary caretakers, should be concerned. But we understand the value and necessity of continuing their education while in confinement.

Finding ways to engage youth in the classroom is a real challenge, but technologies can provide a vehicle for youth to “catch the spark” of learning and have increased learning opportunities for youth in North Dakota’s correctional education program. Although there are significant resource limitations, integrating technology to improve youth’s experience is an organizational priority.

Bridging the Gap: Education and Technology in Confinement

Most youth arrive at juvenile facilities

Marmot School, for example, employs laptops and tablets, which allow youth to continue learning the content in class and exploring online tools. Delivering life science classes was once a struggle when biology involved dissecting or experimenting, but now there are many apps that allow a student to dissect a frog or visualize how chemicals react. Students can also learn how to use a 3D printer as well as an embroidery machine and an electronic cutting machine that can cut various materials for craft projects. Using tablets, students have learned simple coding to direct a robotic ball—and some students have obtained certificates like ServSafe, OSHA10 and Flagger.

Additionally, in the living units, each youth is assigned a tablet available for use between school and bedtime. They can use the device to listen to podcasts, access some media content and make phone calls.

Michelle Pfaff, director of education for the North DakotaDivision of Juvenile Services, believes that technology can be transformational if it’s allowed into classrooms.

“I would add the importance of offering innovative choice,” Pfaff said. “Trying something new with youth when school has not worked well historically is huge

for some! Finding the interest area of a youth and being able to make the connection to what we need to teach is the magic sauce because then the youth does not feel like they are doing boring busy work, and they begin to invest in the work.”

Looking Ahead: Challenges and Questions

As we continue to learn ways to better connect youth in custody to technology and ready them for their futures, we also recognize that we have a long way to go, and new solutions can often beg more questions:

· When youth are released, will they return to communities where the digital divide continues to limit their opportunities?

· Is there more we can do to assist in navigating that path?

· What else can we learn about the impacts of digital restrictions in our facilities?

· Do facility safety practices exacerbate the feelings of isolation and disconnection experienced by youth in custody?

Caring for justice-involved youth is a big job. We aspire to prepare them for a future that is bright and filled with opportunity. Balancing our organizational need for security with the developmental needs of the youth, while taking full measure of the realities and limits inherent to our operations and their home communities, is always at the forefront of my mind. And the horizon is ever changing.

I think these are conversations worth having.

Lisa Bjergaard is the director of Juvenile Services in North Dakota. Bjergaard started with the department in 1989 and was appointed as the director in 2006.

3D printing helps youth ‘catch the spark’ of learning.| Photo Credit (all): North Dakota Division of Juvenile Services

youth.

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Digital Log and Note-Taking System

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Quick Security Scanner

The Rohde & Schwarz quick personnel security scanner delivers precise security control while ensuring user comfort. The scanner’s open architecture allows individuals to stand in a natural posture while a flat panel with transmitter antennas emits low-power millimeter waves, minimizing processing time and maximizing throughput without calibration interruptions. The scanner detects all types of dangerous objects, including weapons, plastics and liquids.

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Cell Guardian

Cell-Guardian™ is a zero-touch monitoring system that continuously tracks inmate vital signs—heart rate, respiration and temperature—along with movement for fall detection. It fills the gaps between 15-minute cell checks, ensuring accountability and enhancing safety. Using radar/LiDAR and computer imaging, it detects motion while blurring video for privacy, alerting staff only when a fall occurs or vital signs change. The built-in camera provides live video, with an incident recorder logging time-stamped footage for legal protection. Accessible via a secure browser, it requires no extra software and supports Power-over-Ethernet (PoE). Waterproof and tamper-proof, Cell-Guardian mounts securely to walls or ceilings. It includes installation, training and a parts-and-labor warranty with the service contract. Enjoy free upgrades for the first year and 24/7 live customer support.

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Mail Scanner

RaySecur’s Mailsecur desktop scanner provides a fast, real-time solution for accurate threat detection. Using safe T-rays instead of radiation, the scanner displays video of concealed contents within envelopes, parcels, magazines, books and other packages, giving operators a complete 3D view. Additionally, MailSecur’s intuitive user interface eliminates the need for special certification or extensive training, streamlining the screening process.

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fully considering technological adaptability, which can lead to costly modifications down the road.

“There needs to be better alignment between the architectural, engineering and contracting community and those who run the facilities,” said Mike Smith, president and CEO of SteelCell and IKC member. “A collaborative approach ensures that facilities are designed to support future technology integrations, rather than requiring costly retrofits.”

“We need to start thinking 10 to 20 years ahead when designing these facilities, not just focusing on immediate needs,” added Gary Mohr, an IKC member who currently is a senior fellow at CGL Companies and formerly served as the director of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.

Policy and Legislative Barriers

Even when funding is available, regulatory and policy challenges often slow down the adoption of new technologies. Many states have strict procurement policies that delay the implementation of innovative solutions. Additionally, concerns about privacy and ethical considerations—especially regarding AI, facial recognition and data tracking— create further roadblocks.

“Legislation often lags behind technological advancements,” said Cory Salzillo, managing partner at the lobbying and consulting firm WPSS and EAB member. “That said, policymakers should take care to avoid regulations and prohibitions that hinder innovation, while allowing for responsible and effective implementation of new technologies.”

Collaborative Approach to Innovation

As the groups continue to have these conversations, the goal remains driving collaborative innovation within the industry.

“This industry is at a turning point,” said Steve Carter, founder and executive vice president of CGL Companies and IKC member. “We have an opportunity to integrate cutting-edge technology into our correctional facilities in a way that enhances security, improves efficiency and supports better outcomes for incarcerated individuals. No technology will replace human interaction, but it can make the environment safer and more supportive for the essential human interactions.”

The Technologies of Interest

MOHR

SALZILLO

CARTER

SMITH

Global Leaders Unite at Women in Corrections Conference in Bangkok

By Laura Andrite

The International Corrections and Prisons Association (ICPA) and the Thailand Institute of Justice (TIJ) hosted the inaugural Women in Corrections Conference (WICC) in Bangkok, Thailand, from Feb. 19-21.

The conference, which drew 350 participants from 56 jurisdictions, served as an international platform to address challenges and opportunities in women’s corrections, while commemorating the 15th anniversary of the United Nations Bangkok Rules. Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 2010, The Bangkok Rules set international standards for the treatment of women in custody and for promoting non-custodial measures for women offenders. This milestone event assessed progress made over the past 15 years and identified areas for improvement.

“Today, we’re seeing [the Bangkok Rules’] impact through innovative programs and policy reforms worldwide, though significant work remains,” said Natalie Boal, executive director of ICPA. “[These] rules aren’t just about compliance with international standards— [they’re] about recognizing that gender-responsive corrections create better outcomes not just for women, but for their families, communities and society as a whole.”

The event brought together correctional leaders, practitioners, academics, policymakers and people with lived correctional experiences, fostering meaningful discussions on the future of women’s corrections.

Themes included examining imprisonment pathways, reintegration strategies and the importance of translating policy into practice, focusing on the implementation of gender-responsive frameworks and the Bangkok Rules. The conference emphasized the role of women working in corrections leadership and the need for specialized responses for diverse groups of corrections-involved women.

Notable initiatives were highlighted, such as the work of leaders in England and Wales to reduced use-of-force incidents by 80 cases per month through specialized staff training and trauma-informed practices. In Jamaica, under the leadership of Donna-Michelle Royer-Powe, Ph.D., correctional facilities transformed medical services, introducing comprehensive women’s health programs and prison nurseries.

The conference also addressed the “IPV-to-Prison Pipeline,” with new research revealing that approximately 75% of incarcerated women experienced intimate-partner violence in the year preceding their offenses. This data underscores the urgent need for justice-system reforms in addressing women’s pathways to imprisonment.

A particularly moving presentation came from Susan Kigula Natoolo, who turned her experience on death row

into a career as a human rights lawyer. “The Bangkok Rules aren’t just guidelines on paper,” Natoolo said. “They represent hope and dignity for women historically overlooked by justice systems worldwide.”

The event concluded with testimonies from formerly incarcerated women, who shared their insights and recommendations for systemic change. Their experiences

Donna-Michelle Royer-Powe, Ph.D., shared the transformation of women’s healthcare in Jamaica, including the development of prison nurseries and comprehensive women’s health programs.

underscored the importance of including affected individuals in policymaking and reform efforts.

“Healing in our correctional systems begins with understanding that every woman’s story matters,” said Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., the conference’s key note speaker. “When we create environments that honor their experiences, acknowledge their trauma and provide pathways to recovery, we don’t just change individual lives—we transform entire communities.”

As the first global conference of its kind, WICC 2025 set a new standard for addressing women’s issues in corrections. The conference laid the foundation for continued collaboration and innovation in women’s corrections worldwide. The participation and engagement from diverse stakeholders signal a growing recognition of the importance of gender-responsive approaches in criminal justice systems globally.

Thailand Institute of Justice Executive Director Phiset Sa-ardyen, Ph.D., noted “It is my hope that this conference serves as a platform for deep, meaningful dialogue. By sharing experiences, research and best practices, we can create a new paradigm and generate concrete solutions.”

Learn More About Correctional News & ICPA Partnership

Correctional News is proud to partner with the International Corrections and Prisons Association to bring global expertise, innovative practices and valuable insights to correctional professionals.

Through this collaboration, Correctional News will share expert perspectives, industry updates and networking opportunities to advance humane and effective correctional policies worldwide.

“This partnership strengthens our capacity to promote evidence-based practices and foster meaningful dialogue across borders,” said Natalie Boal, executive director of ICPA.

Laura Andrite is the media and communications manager for the ICPA.

WICC keynote speaker, Stephanie Covington, Ph.D., addresses the crowd in Thailand.

Photo Credit (all): ICPA

Thailand Institute of Justice Executive Director Phiset Sa-ardyen Ph.D., welcomes the crowd to the inaugural Women in Corrections Conference.

Macomb County, Mich., Creates National Model of Corrections and Care

By Lindsey Coulter

When 16 hospitals across the state of Michigan were shuttered in 1997, the responsibility of caring for many people struggling with mental illness shifted from medical providers to county jails. Such was the case for Macomb County, where then-Deputy Sheriffs Mark Hackel and Anthony Wickersham quickly recognized a need for behavioral health services on the county jail level as a matter of public safety as well as fiscal responsibility.

in suicide or death to others as a worst-case scenario.”

Hackel explained that the facility is designed and will be professionally staffed to comprehensively diagnose and treat offenders with medical and mental health needs via a partnership with Macomb County Community Mental Health (MCCMH). The collaborative approach will include deflecting crisis calls away from emergency services through de-escalation, outpatient referrals and

“The

design, with PIA serving as architect-of-record and STV as justice architect and engineer-of-record. PIA’s deep history of working with Macomb County provided essential insight into local requirements and construction processes, while STV brought extensive expertise in justice and behavioral health design.

The project team facilitated visioning sessions with the county cxecutives, Sheriff’s Office, facilities and

Thinking Beyond Corrections

Both Hackel and Wickersham envisioned a facility to identify, diagnose and begin treatment of incarcerated people suffering from mental illness and substance use addictions. That vision was eventually endorsed by the U.S. Department of Treasury via the authorization of American Rescue Plan Act funds ($128 million), the project was also supported by Macomb County ($60 million) and the State of Michigan ($40 million) to help develop of a new model of corrections and care. The vision finally became a reality when construction began on the new $228 million Macomb County Jail Central Intake and Assessment Center (CIAC) in August 2024.

“The new Intake and Assessment Center is much more than a jail,” said Hackel, who now serves as the elected county executive. “It is designed to serve the public and offenders suffering from acute or sub-acute mental illness and/or substance use addictions resulting

ultimate design aims to balance two priorities: expanding community-based interventions and services to reduce unnecessary incarceration and to transform the jail environment to improve outcomes for people in custody with chronic medical conditions, serious mental illness or substance use disorders.”

connections to existing caregivers, family or communitybased support networks. For people who cannot be diverted, however, crisis intervention and response will feed into three primary pathways: no-refusal acute crisis facilities; community and residential care programs; or the CIAC.

“Much too frequently law enforcement officers are confronted by deviant people exhibiting assaultive or suicidal behaviors, which is a direct or indirect consequence of their mental illness and/or substance use addictions, too often resulting in deadly consequences to them and others,” said Wickersham, who now serves as Macomb County sheriff.

It’s not just about what we build.

It’s about how we build it — side by side, every step of the way.

WE’RE HERE FOR THE JOURNEY.

In contrast, this multiple-pathway approach ensures that people receive the necessary level of care in the least-restrictive setting possible—helping to reduce jail admissions, ease emergency-room overcrowding and free up hospital beds, all while improving outcomes and reducing costs to taxpayers.

A New Facility for a New Philosophy

The CIAC serves as a crucial link between the justice system and community-based mental health care. At admission, people will be assessed for medical needs as well as mental health or substance-use disorders in coordination with MCCMH professionals. Information gleaned will inform security classification decisions, housing placement and treatment plan—both while people are in custody and following their release. At the same time, the strategy will provide more support to correctional and clinical staff, improving working environments and reflecting a renewed sense of mission that will contribute to better outcomes for all.

PARTNERS in Architecture (PIA) and STV worked together to deliver the 162,000-square-foot

operations staff, community corrections staff, and medical and mental health teams, exploring multiple options before advancing a preferred design. The project scope was refined to align with the budget during value engineering sessions with construction manager Granger Construction and owner’s representative Plante Moran Realpoint. This was followed by a concerted effort to complete the construction document bid packages and validate received bids, allowing the county to meet a Department of Treasury deadline for almost $130 million in American Rescue Plan Act funding.

“The ultimate design aims to balance two priorities: expanding community-based interventions and services to reduce unnecessary incarceration and to transform the jail environment to improve outcomes for people in custody with chronic medical conditions, serious mental illness or substance use disorders,” said Michael Malone, AIA, principal at PIA.

“The county’s vision prioritizes triaging people in crisis into the least restrictive settings possible while ensuring those who enter the justice system have access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) and intensive behavioral health services,” said Hugh D. Lester, Ph.D.c, architecture director, corrections and secure psychiatric, at STV. “Throughout the design process, PIA and STV worked to align this vision with operational needs— balancing best practices in direct supervision and normalized, therapeutic environments with considerations such as self-harm mitigation, maintainability, operational concerns and staffing costs.”

Balancing Safety and Care

The CIAC will add 278 beds including specialized housing units that provide enhanced treatment and support in a more normalized and healing environment according to detainees’ risk levels and treatment needs. The upper floor of general housing accommodates

As first impressions matter, the design team prioritized the entry plaza, public entrance and lobby to offer a welcoming and intuitive experience.

Photo Credit (all): STV and PARTNERS in Architecture, PLC

various security levels. This will allow the jail to maintain the ideal balance of classifications within the new rated capacity of 1,178 beds and support a “step-down” approach that helps people stabilize before transitioning to housing with fewer on-unit services or reentry into the community. Additionally, all CIAC housing units include dedicated education and rehabilitation spaces, while “cluster” spaces serve multiple housing units on the same floor, with scheduled access maintaining effective separation.

“A substantial portion of the ground floor is dedicated to centralized medical clinic spaces and medical administration, improving staffing and cost efficiency while ensuring streamlined access to care,” said Lester. “Uniformed officers oversee clinic operations, working closely with clinical providers to enhance safety and well-being.”

“Additionally, the design incorporates an interior courtyard for staff, providing a direct connection to the outdoors and a retreat from the demands of working in a jail environment,” said Malone. “Lush plantings along the perimeter provide nature views from surrounding spaces while the central open-air courtyard offers a space for respite.”

Finishes, furnishings, fixtures, and equipment were carefully selected for durability, tamper resistance, ease of maintenance, and ligature resistance, while minimizing institutional appearance and initial and life-cycle cost. Floor finishes offer increased comfort to mitigate staff fatigue, and paying special attention to acoustic properties and materials will ensure a quieter, less stressful environment. The color palette as well as wall and ceiling finishes were carefully curated to create a cohesive and visually calming atmosphere.

As first impressions matter, the design team prioritized the entry plaza, public entrance and lobby to offer a welcoming and intuitive experience. Visitors need to immediately understand where and how to engage with staff. The non-contact visiting area is located directly off the lobby. Adjacent is the release area, which includes attorney/client contact visitation rooms and dedicated space for reentry counseling interviews. The public lobby hosts family reunification, providing a dignified transition for individuals reentering society and their loved ones.

The exterior of the facility is composed of precast concrete panels. This durable and maintainable material choice also acts as the security perimeter, in concert with an aluminum curtain-wall system backed up by steel detention-hollow-metal frames with security glazing.

The Potential for Change

The project team noted that the CIAC is significant both as a reflection of the past and a vision for the future.

“The CIAC represents the culmination of decades of progress in justice design, embodying hard-fought advancements in humane corrections,” said Lester. “At the same time, the CIAC represents the future of detention facility design—moving beyond outdated models that simply incapacitate those accused of crimes in the name of public safety. The leadership of Macomb County

recognized a different path, one where the CIAC is more than a jail and part of a broader system that prioritizes community health, mental health and breaking cycles of incarceration.”

Malone added that the CIAC—alongside Macomb County’s Community Mental Health system—serves as a national model for integrating justice and behavioral health services.

“It represents a forward-thinking approach to addressing the complex challenges counties face today and in the future,” Malone said. “By providing real pathways to crisis management, stabilization, treatment and sustainable rehabilitation, it ultimately enhances

public safety in a way that legacy detention was never equipped to achieve.”

For Hackel, the CIAC marks the culmination of a decades-long vision that will impact the community for decades to come.

“The intent of the CIAC is to be a transformational jail project, which addresses a national issue in corrections, particularly for those inmates with mental health needs and substance abuse rehabilitation services,” said Hackel.

Construction of the CIAC is expected to be complete by mid-2027. Watch for more information on the project at www.correctionalnews.com.

Corrections professionals from across the country gathered for the ACA Winter Conference, including Gary Maynard

former director of four state departments of corrections.

ACA Winter Conference Connects Industry Leaders

The January event brought thousands to Florida for workshops on infrastructure, architecture, AI and more

By Kat Balster

The 2025 American Correctional Association (ACA) Winter Conference, held Jan. 10-14 in Orlando, Fla., brought together correctional professionals, policymakers and industry leaders to discuss the evolving landscape of corrections. With a strong emphasis on facility innovation, security advancements and rehabilitative efforts, the event set the stage for progress in correctional facility design, operations and safety.

“We’re so pleased about the record attendance at our Winter Conference,” said Kirk Raymond, director of communications for ACA. “In our conference, we take great pride in reflecting every area of the corrections profession. Leaders, managers, healthcare professionals, community corrections professionals and line staff all could find meaningful connections and learn the latest innovations.”

secure environments for inmates and staff alike. It’s exciting to connect and support ACA’s membership to make these facilities safer and more functional.”

Attendees participated in nearly 100 workshops and informative presentations, including a first-of-its-kind drone demonstration and discussions on the challenges of correctional facility design. Professionals from across the country and around the globe came together, exchanged exemplary practices and fostered new connections.

The Challenges of Aging Infrastructure

One of the most highly anticipated sessions was the inaugural Evolving Spaces Facilities Symposium, which focused on methods to maintain and advance aging correctional facilities. ACA has committed to establish a platform for its Facilities Planning and Design Committee to make this initiative an ongoing effort, ensuring that ACA remains a venue for idea-sharing to help attendees optimize their existing spaces for modern security needs, improved staff well-being and effective inmate

“The partnership of the ACA and the Facilities Planning and Design committee allows the A/E/C industry and manufacturers to work with ACA to provide solutions to retrofit, repair and upgrade aging correctional facilities,” said symposium presenter, Brooke Martin, AIA, senior associate with Fairfax, Va.-based Dewberry Architects. “Modernizing prisons elevates

The Evolving Spaces Facilities Symposium also pinpointed key upgrades to modernize correctional environments and enhance security and rehabilitation efforts. A major focus was placed on enhancing ventilation systems to improve air quality and create healthier living and working conditions for staff and inmates.

Security also remained a top priority. Infrastructure upgrades—such as surveillance, perimeter security and contraband detection technologies— were recommended to help mitigate emerging threats. The symposium also explored adaptive reuse strategies, emphasizing the opportunities to be found in repurposing aging correctional buildings to meet modern safety and functionality standards while preserving valuable infrastructure. Further discussions highlighted the significance of purpose-built environments: Facilities specifically designed to improve rehabilitation outcomes by fostering safe, structured, and restorative spaces that contribute to lower recidivism rates and better reintegration opportunities.

Keynote speaker Stephen Carter, AICP, executive vice president of CGL Companies and Correctional News Industry Knowledge Council member, said that the ‘Evolving Spaces’ initiative is about more than just upgrading infrastructure—it’s about rethinking how we create environments that support both security and human dignity.

“Innovation in facility design must align with evidencebased practices to ensure better outcomes for staff, inmates and communities,” Carter said.

Eyes on Artificial Intelligence

Security remained a central theme at the conference, and a session on using artificial intelligence (AI) in correctional facilities offered a fascinating look at one of the applications of the technology. Presented by JE Dunn, R+N Systems Design and Ambient AI, the session explored how AI is rapidly transforming correctional security by enabling proactive threat detection, automated monitoring and enhanced response capabilities.

“Integrating AI into security systems is a gamechanger for correctional facilities,” said Doug Beichley, senior design manager at JE Dunn. “It allows staff to proactively detect potential threats rather than just reacting to incidents. The ability to analyze real-time behavior patterns and automate security alerts enhances both safety and efficiency.”

The session highlighted the potential of AIpowered video analytics, which enable realtime monitoring to detect suspicious activities

and potential threats before they escalate. Machinelearning algorithms were showcased as a tool to identify security risks, which will assist facilities in anticipating and preventing incidents.

With any new technology, cost is a consideration. The session underscored the seamless integration of AI into existing security networks, making enhancements costeffective and scalable for facilities of all sizes.

“AI isn’t here to replace staff—it’s here to empower them,” Beichley added. “By integrating AI-driven surveillance, correctional facilities can enhance safety measures while optimizing limited resources.”

Strengthening Industry Standards

Rich Siddons, owner of RS Security and vice chair of the ASTM F33 Committee, led discussions on the evolving security standards for correctional facilities.

The ASTM F33 Committee, which develops industry standards for detention security products, tackled several key concerns, including security glazing, physical barriers, detention hardware and facility upgrades.

“As threats evolve and facility demands shift, our industry must stay ahead by continuously refining and updating security standards,” Siddons said, summarizing the efforts of the committee. “Facilities need robust, tested, and adaptable solutions that enhance safety for both staff and inmates.”

The Committee reviewed:

· Performance of steel-stud wall construction with expanded metal mesh

· Revisions to hollow-metaldoor security standards

· New ASTM subcommittees for woven wire mesh, lighting and molded cell furnishings Integration of drone detection technology in security standards

Siddons also stressed the value of ASTM membership.

“Our goal is to create standards that not only meet today’s challenges but anticipate tomorrow’s,” Siddons said. “The best way to do that is through broad industry participation, sharing knowledge and pushing for continuous improvement.”

The committee is looking for new members to represent users, designers, suppliers and manufacturers.

The Power of Networking

Beyond sessions and presentations, the ACA Winter Conference presented a plethora of networking opportunities. Attendees connected with industry leaders, explored new correctional technologies in the exhibitor hall and deepened professional relationships at informal gatherings, receptions and happy hours.

“The ACA Winter Conference is invaluable when you embrace industry connections and listen with an open mind to the evolving options available to us all,” said Bruce Omtvedt, AIA, corrections and detention market sector leader at Dewberry. “It’s my ‘Passion Fuel’ of

Track and Field Olympians

Tara Davis-Woodhall captivated at the general session story of achieving and overcoming

Attendees had the opportunity to participate in nearly 100 workshops and informative presentations.

(standing)

The Facilities Planning and Design committee presented a Symposium called ‘Evolving Spaces’ to discuss the renovation, repair and upgrade to aging correctional facilities.

continuous learning in corrections design and construction for effective operations!”

In addition to education sessions and networking events, the exhibit hall offered another venue for learning and networking. Longtime vendors and those new to the corrections industry offered information and demonstrations of their goods and services.

Inspiration Beyond Corrections

The conference wasn’t just about policy and infrastructure—it also provided moments of personal inspiration and a reminder of the human spirit’s resilience and determination. A keynote address by Track and Field Olympians Hunter and Tara Davis-Woodhall captivated attendees with their powerful story of achieving athletic success through mutual support. Their journey—from competing on the world’s biggest stage to navigating life’s challenges together—resonated deeply with the audience and mirrored the core themes of the ACA Winter Conference: collaboration, resilience and determination in the face of obstacles.

“Their story of overcoming adversity, [their] dedication to success and the importance of surrounding yourself with people who believe in you resonated deeply with attendees,” said Tim Hancock, senior executive director and justice lead at Vanir Construction.

“[Their session] was a powerful reminder that perseverance and support can drive success in any field—whether in sports, relationships or professional endeavors.”

Looking Ahead to Denver

As the 2025 ACA Winter Conference came to a close, attendees reflected on the insights gained and the progress made. The event successfully reinforced the importance of facility modernization, security and rehabilitation in shaping the future of corrections.

With an eye toward the future, the ACA community now looks ahead to the next major gathering—the 155th Congress of Correction in Denver this coming August—where discussions on advancing the corrections industry will continue.

“This year’s ACA Winter Conference provided a wealth of quality programming and valuable connections,” said Beichley. “The industry is on an upward trend, and events like this pave the way for meaningful progress.”

Olympians Hunter and captivated the audience session with their inspiring achieving athletic success overcoming adversity.

Vendors and manufacturers were able to connect with their clients and network at the exhibit hall.

Photo Credit (all): Lovestruck Images

Vermont Models a New Approach to Correctional Education

By Lindsey Coulter

When the Southern State Correctional Facility (SSCF) debate team beat Wake Forest University in competition in February, it was another cause for celebration across the Vermont Department of Corrections (VDOC), which is becoming a national leader in providing educational options and opportunities not only for incarcerated students, but also for correctional staff members and beyond.

The SSCF debate team, the Con-Tradictors, competed against Wake Forest University students in an event facilitated by the National Prison Debate League (NPDL). The teams debated the whether the U.S. should adopt the Norwegian Model of Corrections, which emphasizes rehabilitation and personal agency, consulting with correctional policy, rehabilitation and criminal justice reform experts in preparation for the event. A panel of three independent judges scored the teams on analysis, reasoning, evidence, organization, refutation and delivery, with the SSCF team (which argued the affirmative) claiming a 2-1 victory.

For Nicholas Deml, VDOC commissioner and Correctional News Editorial Advisory Board member, the debate program is an example of the transformative power of education. “These partnerships reduce recidivism and, ultimately, reshape lives,” Deml said in a statement.

Expanding Education

The Con-Tradictors’ debate win is also an example of the VDOC’s innovation and commitment to correctional education. It’s been nearly two years since the department partnered with the Community College of Vermont (CCV) system in 2023 to establish the Corrections Post-Secondary Education Initiative (CPSEI). Aimed at reducing the state’s recidivism rate and supporting workforce development, the program (sponsored by Sen. Bernie Sanders and supported by a $4.5 million federal grant from the Department of Justice) was initially established to provide tuition-free college courses to Vermonters who are incarcerated as well as to VDOC staff members.

Both staff members and incarcerated students can participate in associate degree or certification programs as well as study specific trades. Additional opportunities for staff members include bringing CCV instruction into the Correctional Academy as well as in-person, remote and asynchronous opportunities. Course credit is also given for completing Correctional Academy training, and all new department staff members are automatically enrolled in CCV.

“In the early conversations between the department, Sen. Sanders’ office and the Community College of Vermont, it was clear that correctional officers needed to be part of the equation,” Deml said. “It shows an investment in staff by the department, by the Community College of Vermont, by our federal delegation and by our U.S. senators. But it also is symbolically important to say that the folks who live and who work in correctional systems often experience very similar levels of trauma. Both of [these groups] deserve ... more attention, support, wellness activities, in this case, education.”

Gaining Momentum

In just two years, opportunities for incarcerated students in Vermont have continued to evolve, with the debate course at SSCF launching in fall 2024. In just four months, debate program participants studied civic engagement, empowerment, conflict resolution and research skills as well as peer leadership. Debate team members earned three college credits by completing the course—and can add the academic victory to their resumes.

Meanwhile, the larger CSPEI initiative is also growing. The program was initially open to staff and residents at four of Vermont’s six correctional facilities, including the state’s women’s prison, and included access to academic and career coaching. In January, however, CCV and VDOC announced an expansion of the CPSEI, making re-entry vouchers available to any Vermonter ending a carceral sentence and continuing their education upon release. Benefits for this specific student population will extend for a full year after release, and students will be eligible for vouchers to participate in

two classes per semester. The re-entry voucher serves as a continuum of the partnership’s efforts to deliver highereducation courses to those who intersect with Vermont’s correctional system.

“We know that education offers hope, purpose, and the chance to develop skills that will open doors to new connections and opportunities,” said CCV President Joyce Judy in a statement. “Making college classes accessible during re-entry will go a long way toward supporting Vermonters as they return to their communities.”

“Research shows education, particularly at a college level, strengthens the workforce and gives individuals the tools they need to succeed – and stay – in our communities,” added Deml. “Re-entry vouchers are an important step forward in offering free college education for incarcerated people in Vermont and supporting their success in the community.”

Opening More Doors

In addition to expanding educational opportunities to people in reentry, VDOC extended education credits to the spouses or partners and dependents of staff members in April 2024.

“We recognize that not all staff members either want or need education, but their families might benefit from

PRO BLEMS?

y and communication problems for Justice Facilities

C ontact Frank Niedzwiedz. frankn@r nsystems design.com 901-634-0740

rnsystemsdesign.com

it,” Deml said.

With these innovative and inclusive expansion efforts, Deml believes the program to be the first of its kind in the country. Now, the VDOC hopes the model could be scaled, federally supported and delivered nationally

“We’re in the first few years, but so far it’s been wildly successful, and I think it is showing that this type of model can be used elsewhere,” Deml said.

“We’re

in the first few years, but so far it’s been wildly successful, and I think it is showing that this type of model can be used elsewhere,” Deml said.

The spring 2025 semester shows robust interest in the program. Of the 172 people enrolled across the CSPEI spectrum, 118 are incarcerated Vermonters, 35 are staff members, 17 are staff family members and two are in the reentry process.

Improving Access and Options

The CSPEI model, however, does come with limitations that Deml says are largely technology-based. Classes for incarcerated students are currently provided in person at correctional facilities. Instruction could exand to remote and asynchronous learning options by securing Wi-Fi in Vermont’s correctional facilities, a process Deml says is currently underway.

“We think the program will hit its full stride when we’re able to provide virtual classes or asynchronous learning so [students] can learn on their own time,” Deml said.

Deml’s perspective on the program’s scope and approach also evolved when he participated in the New England Board of Higher Education’s Commission on Education in Correctional Settings in 2024. There, he heard from formerly incarcerated people who had participated in prisonbased liberal arts education programs provided by some prestigious New England universities. While participants said that they appreciated the opportunity to learn from elite institutions, their liberal arts degrees didn’t always translate into hard job skills or opportunities post-release.

For Deml, there remains a clear need for both traditional higher education opportunities as well as technical/career education and vocational training, which often more directly connects folks to jobs that are available the day they are released.

“It doesn’t have to be either/or; it can be both,” Deml said. “But we need to make sure that what we’re doing is actually helping people get set up for success when they leave our facilities. If we can help people connect with skills that lead to jobs. Then I think we’re going to be better off.”

The Power of Pell

By Lindsey Coulter

2025 also marks a decade since the Obama Administration moved to reinstate federal Pell Grant eligibility to inmates in 141 correctional facilities across the country, spurring the development of higher education programs for incarcerated people in multiple states.

While people in carceral settings continue to have limited eligibility for federal student aid and cannot receive federal student loans, they may be eligible for a Federal Pell Grant if they are enrolled in an approved prison education program.

1987

Congress ends the existing federal financial aid program for inmates.

1994

1994 Crime Bill bars inmates’ access to federal Pell Grants, impacting students in nearly 800 higher education programs in U.S. prisons.

1997

As a result of the 1994 Crime Bill, Vera Institute for Justice estimates that only 8 prison higher education programs remain in operation.

2015

The Second Chance Pell Experimental Sites Initiative pilot program is instituted, allowing inmates to receive grants of up to $5,815 to put towards associate and bachelor’s degrees.

2016

The pilot program begins awarding aid that (by 2022) will extend educational opportunities to 40,000 students, enabling students to earn almost 12,000 credentials.

2020

Congress removes the ban on providing inmates with federal financial aid resources, and many states move to increase higher education funding and access to people in carceral settings.

2023

A federal student aid expansion extends Pell Grant eligibility to incarcerated students to support their enrollment in approved prison education programs (PEPs). It also gives states authority to determine how to approve and evaluate aid-eligible PEPs.

2024

California debuts the first prison PEP approved by the United States Department of Education to offer Pell Grants to incarcerated students.

Inmates may also qualify for Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) and Federal Work-Study (FWS). Drug convictions no longer affect federal student aid eligibility.

More Prison Education Initiatives

Building on findings from the Education In Action initiative, the Alliance for Higher Education in Prison debuted the 2025 Cohort program that will help prison education programs integrate remote work-based learning into curricula in an effort to strengthen the link between education and career pathways, equipping students with real-world skills, professional networks, and the confidence to navigate their careers effectively.

AACRAO also launched the Prison Education Project Work Group, to develop supportive resources for postsecondary education programs within correctional facilities. The effort also aims to enhance prison education administration resources and develop guidance for FERPA compliance, data privacy, data collection and reporting.

The SSCF debate team, the Con-Tradictors, competed against Wake Forest University students in an event facilitated by the National Prison Debate League (NPDL). | Photo Credit: Daniel Throop, National Prison Debate League

Women in Corrections, from page 13

industry. Women bring different perspectives, different leadership styles. We need more of that.”

Women Empowering Women in Corrections

While these leaders have helped pave the way, women in corrections often lack formal networks of support. In Texas, Serina Greene, vice president of Sustainable Security Solutions, saw this gap and, along with Misty Diaz, jail administrator for Lamb County, Texas, cofounded the Women in Corrections group. The initiative that started with a small dinner gathering, exclusive to women, has since grown into a statewide support system for women in the field, with the goal of motivating leadership in the counties they serve.

“Women in this profession need safe spaces to connect, support each other and mentor the next generation,” Greene said.

The initiative, which is unofficially working with the Texas Jail Association (TJA), provides networking opportunities, professional development and leadership training. Lt. Frances Dembowski, a long-time advocate for women in the field and president of the board for TJA, has played an essential role in expanding these efforts.

“It’s very important to me that women have a place on the board and that it’s an equal balance—not just male-dominated,” said Dembowski, who has mentored many women officers throughout her 25-year career in Travis County.

Dembowski has also been instrumental in the STRIVE Mentorship program, an initiative aimed at supporting and training women correctional officers in the county. STRIVE (Support, Train, Respect, Inspire, Validate, Engage) has evolved into a network where women can receive leadership guidance, professional development and resources for navigating challenges in a male-dominated environment. The program has provided everything from guidance on promotional testing to wellness initiatives.

“We want to ensure women know they’re

valued and that they bring something important to the table,” Dembowski added.

These grassroots efforts complement national initiatives like the 30x30 Initiative, which aims to increase women’s representation in law enforcement to 30% by 2030.

Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

Despite progress, women remain underrepresented in leadership roles across corrections.

· Only 13.8% of full-time law enforcement officers in the U.S. are women.

· Fewer than 2% of America’s sheriffs are women.

· Women make up less than 15% of sworn officers in most sheriff’s offices.

Structural challenges, gender bias and lack of mentorship opportunities continue to hinder women’s advancement. However, the growing presence of women leaders is changing the industry’s landscape.

Stroud, Hanks, Ast and Martinez all emphasize the importance of mentorship, advocacy and perseverance.

“We are creating a path so that those who come after us don’t have to fight the same battles,” said Stroud.

LEO Technologies

Operational Problem: Correctional facilities struggle to monitor inmate communications effectively due to overwhelming call volumes, limited staff and outdated technology. This blind spot allows criminal activities—such as drug trafficking, gang coordination and violence—to persist inside and outside prisons.

Technology Solution:

LEO Technologies’ Varus system uses AI-driven monitoring to analyze 100% of inmate calls in near-real-time. It identifies threats, criminal networks and potential risks. It provides law enforcement with actionable intelligence across jurisdictions.

“We are now transcribing and monitoring over 2 billion minutes of calls annually. AI and machine learning allow us to pull key intelligence from that massive volume, giving law enforcement the leads they need in real time.” – Scott Kernan, consultant, LEO Technologies

providers to transition to electronic health records (EHR), with non-compliance resulting in reduced Medicare reimbursements. The new EHR regulations replace dependance on a paper records, allowing healthcare providers to access patient information remotely. However, some correctional and forensic facilities have not fully embraced the use of EHR, which may be due to operational decisions or a lack of funding.

EHR has been a crucial first step advance telemedicine—or distance treatment— across the U.S. Originally introduced in the 1970s, telemedicine has grown significantly over the past decade, bringing medical treatment to rural areas and underserved places like correctional facilities. The biggest challenge to adoption was that each state had different laws related to medical practices, licenses and certification. The COVID-19 pandemic cut through this red tape and helped telemedicine become more ubiquitous. Now, it is used in various ways, including virtual video consultations, remote patient monitoring and remote access to specialists.

Delivering Solutions for Success

Is the Future Now?

Today, AI is used in all kinds of treatments and diagnosis. For example, AI-assisted ultrasounds can provide early detection of endometriosis, reducing the historically long seven-year diagnosis period. AI technology enables early detection of cervical insufficiency during pregnancy, lowering the risk of miscarriage. In hospitals, AI can identify sepsis six hours earlier than previous testing methods, reducing the mortality rate by nearly 30%. Additionally, wearable smart technologies with increasing AI integration are available to monitor health. At first glance, the healthcare and corrections industries appear to be operating at opposite ends of the spectrum; however, upon closer examination, they are quite similar. Both are designed for restoration and recovery, both are essential facilities, both serve vulnerable populations and both struggle with persistent staffing challenges. Ideally, new and emerging technologies will help alleviate staffing shortages and increase overall wellness for patients and inmates.

Humanizing Correctional Spaces

Vanir is a national leader in program, project and construction management with deep roots in the justice and essential services sector – a sector where safe, secure, dynamic and sustainable facilities are not only important, but critical. Our award-winning team understands just how much is at stake when it comes to delivering state-of-the-art jails, prisons and detention centers; courthouses; and public safety/ emergency operations facilities. We are ready to tailor our services to meet your unique needs and support your existing staff.

Founded in 1964 | Minority- and Woman-owned | $30.8 Billion in Construction Value | An Engineering News-Record Top-rated Firm for More Than Three Decades

To improve conditions for incarcerated women, facilities must adopt intentional, gender-responsive design principles and integrate technology. The following considerations should guide facility upgrades and new construction:

1. Individualized Placement: Does the facility define safe placement for women as individuals? How are their healthcare needs being met? Is their placement within a building allowing for human dignity and connection?

2. Maternal Healthcare: Consider where and how incarcerated and pregnant mothers are placed, including safety, medical access, and bringing a child to term in a way that reduces trauma to mother and baby. How is the built environment supporting the after-birth continuum for mother and child, lactation needs and dignity, and strong family connections?

3. Mental Health Support: Determine best care for women incarcerated with serious mental illness, including acute selfharm tendencies. How is that individual finding hope in this environment outside of treatment? How is the built environment helping?

4. Geriatric Considerations: What accommodations are designed to help support memory care? Are walking paths, low bunks and additional nurse stations being integrated into the design?

5. Staffing and Trauma-Informed Practices: How are correctional staff members being used in women’s units? Are trauma-informed practices established, such as announcing when a male enters a housing unit? Can female staff representation be integrated into these areas?

6. Technology Integration: Does the facility have EHR? Are there technology opportunities to increase access to healthcare and treatment?

Brooke Martin, AIA, CCHP, NCARB, LEED GA, is a senior associate and justice architectat Dewberry and a member of the Industry Knowledge Council. Contact Martin at bmartin@dewberry.com.

Cassandra (Cassey) Franco, AIA, LEED AP, is a senior healthcare architect at Dewberry. Contact Franco at cfranco@dewberry.com.

policies, procedures and work rules.

Before every shift, workers should receive updates on standard processes and daily toolbox briefings, particularly on operations during the day’s shift that will require burning or welding or could produce excessive dust. It’s a pretty simple sharing of knowledge concept: “You will build; we will protect you.” Another best practice is to hold end-of-day discussions to review the next day’s activities.

Maintaining Building Operations

The most successful projects establish “work rules” early in the process. On every project in occupied facilities where construction interacts with daily activities, preplanning is crucial. This was especially true in a courthouse/jail renovation project I managed several years ago. The project team made every effort to minimize the impact of construction on the daily routine of the building’s staff, occupants and visitors.

Proactive measures included clear signage to inform staff of upcoming events, use of protective barriers (dubbed “flexible secure perimeters”) installed in advance of actual work activities, and regular meetings with staff members and court security officers. This proactive communication contributed to the cooperation that occurred throughout the project. Concerns were addressed promptly and frequently, and even suggestions from those in custody were successfully incorporated into the project’s procedures.

At times, temporary interruptions in water, power and access to non-work areas were necessary to allow the work to progress. If you want to sleep at night without interruption, it is strongly encouraged to conduct meetings with staff members in each affected work area. Discuss possible shutdowns, area safety precautions, security concerns and the construction schedule. While unexpected interruptions can occur, successful projects minimize them.

Safety

Maintaining a safe construction environment is an absolute and a fundamental principle in every occupied-facility project. A project-specific safety plan must be developed, particularly for high-risk activities such as burning and welding. The safety plan must include detailed procedures for all occupants, workers and visitors on site. Above all, egress corridors must never be compromised. Life safety is the top priority.

Strict adherence to the safety program was a key factor in the success of a federal courthouse renovation and construction program I was involved with a few years back. The project had zero safety violations, no accidents on the job site and no constructionrelated down time for building operations. This success was achieved despite the challenges of working across multiple areas, sometimes on a 24/7 schedule. Safety needs to be as routine as fluffing your pillow at bedtime.

Security

on the site were pre-cleared by a federal security screening and wore visible mandatory identification badges, and all workers were required to sign in and out daily. Construction was scheduled and staged to prevent disruption of courts and office building operations, particularly during rush hour, or when the lobby security stations were at their busiest. Similar to other projects where I got a good night’s sleep, it was the daily coordination meetings held with the building management and security staff, reviewing the next day’s activities, planned deliveries, special events and new security concerns that were most beneficial.

Customizable Key and Asset Management Solutions for Law Enforcement

Security concerns are ever-present in public buildings. Contractors need to recognize the necessity of full compliance with the security programs specific to each facility. At the previously mentioned federal courthouse project, the team coordinated daily with representatives from the U. S. Marshal Services, courthouse security officers, the Department of Homeland Security and city police. This level of cooperation supported the overall mission of the project to proceed smoothly and without incident.

Given that the project’s location was in a high-profile, occupied, downtown building, the team had to be on their toes every day. Strict enforcement of security procedures and policies was essential. All contractor personnel

Greg Offner is a criminal justice consultant serving the planning, design and construction community and a member of the Correctional News Industry Knowledge Council.

data-driven tools to enhance safety. The growing use of illicit drones to drop contraband into secure facilities has also fueled a surge in counter-drone technologies.

AI is at the forefront of these innovations, offering correctional institutions real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automation that significantly enhance operational efficiency and security. However, concerns about AI bias, oversight and decision-making autonomy continue to be discussed.

Enhancing Efficiency

As correctional facilities seek to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and streamline processes, the adoption of interoperable technology, virtual court systems and telehealth solutions has gained momentum. These innovations enhance inmate care, minimize unnecessary delays, and optimize facility operations, particularly in an era of staff shortages and increasing healthcare demands.

Colorado Trusted Interoperability Project Models Data Sharing

BDC is a key testing site for Colorado’s Trusted Interoperability Project (CTIP), which enables real-time data sharing between jails. Previously, facilities relied on faxed documents and calls, leading to delays. With MuleSoft’s API-driven integration, correctional officers can instantly access custodial records from multiple jails, improving inmate classification, medical care and security. CTIP also automates reporting, reducing administrative burdens. BDC has further pioneered automated warrant processing, helping identify inmates with outstanding warrants, minimizing redundant arrests and conserving law enforcement resources.

demands significantly,” said Laughlin. “Not only does this reduce operational costs, but it also increases safety by minimizing inmate movement outside the facility.”

BDC provided statistics on the total amount of inmate transports, which includes writs, court proceedings and hospital appointments. Unit trips fell from 2,855 in 2019 to 642 in 2024, while the total number of video court appointments increased from 1,536 to 2,329. The ability for officers to update the Jail Management System (JMS) in real time further streamlines the process.

Telehealth and Inmate Medical Efficiency

BDC is advancing correctional healthcare through telehealth and telepsychiatry, improving access to care while reducing operational strain. Virtual medical consultations, mental health screenings and e-signed waivers allow for faster and more efficient care delivery. BDC is also the first jail to integrate with the regional Health Information Exchange (HIE), granting staff immediate access to detainees’ full medical records upon intake. This reduces duplicate assessments and ensures continuity of care.

“We are leveraging data in ways never done before in corrections,” said Laughlin.

Advancement of Virtual Court

BDC was one of the first jails in Colorado to implement video court hearings, offering a secure web portal for weekend and remote court proceedings. This enables inmates to attend hearings remotely from the facility, hospital or other locations.

“Virtual court has cut our transport miles and staffing

“Access to comprehensive medical history is a game-changer in correctional healthcare,” said David Walts, commander at BDC. “When someone enters our facility, we don’t have to start from scratch. We can immediately see existing diagnoses, prescriptions and treatment plans, allowing us to provide appropriate care from day one.”

Future Trends in Technology

The corrections industry is experiencing a technology renaissance. With new solutions that redefine security, rehabilitation and efficiency continually appearing, facilities must navigate regulatory, ethical and budgetary constraints to fully harness the benefits of emerging technologies. Facilities like BDC demonstrate the potential of early technology adoption, but broader systemic hurdles—including aging infrastructure and varying state regulations— slow widespread implementation. Remaining focused on the desired outcome, rather than the shine of new technology, will help agencies to identify the best solutions for their communities.

Biometric tracking allows officers to monitor high-risk inmates.

Virtual court services provide flexibility at BDC.

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