Princeton Magazine, April 2015 by Witherspoon Media Group

PRINCETON MAGAZINE

APRIL 2015

MICHAEL GRAVES DRAWN TO DESIGN ALAN TURING AND THE DIGITAL UNIVERSE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS ROSEMARY AND PETER GRANT PRINCETON’S FLORAL ARTISTS STEP INTO SPRING CENTER OF THEOLOGICAL INQUIRY OUTDOOR LIVING A WELL-DESIGNED LIFE

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contents

(left to right) Jeff Nathanson, Paul Robeson, Jr., Michael Graves, and Anne Reeves at the ribbon cutting of the Arts Council of Princeton’s Paul Robeson Center for the Arts.

Photo by Denise Applewhite, Princeton University.

april 2015

58 ..... HERE & THERE .....

..... FEATURES .....

BOOK SCENE

Michael graves drawn to design

by Stuart Mitchner

Getting back to the garden 44

BY ilene dube

An art that “enlists joy in the making” 12

ART SCENE by Linda Arntzenius

Treasures in store at the Newark Museum 58

alan turing by Linda Arntzenius

Princeton’s famous alumnus and the digital universe 22

MARK YOUR CALENDAR 74

SHOPPING

A well-designed life

Princeton’s Floral Artists Step into Spring Poems and images 30

Mother’s Day 78

Evolutionary biologists Rosemary and peter grant BY ellen gilbert

People who have seen evolution happen right before their eyes 60

Center of Theological Inquiry by Linda Arntzenius

Where scholars take on life’s big questions 66

ON THE COVER: Michael Graves as a young architect, courtesy of Michael Graves Architecture & Design.

PRINCETON MAGAZINE april 2015

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| FROM THE PUBLISHER

Dear Princeton Magazine Readers, Yesterday, I was talking to a landscape contractor and he commented how personally depressing he found this last winter and especially February with its unrelenting single digit temperatures and perpetual ice. To celebrate the season, we hope you will enjoy our photo series of spectacular flower arrangements by your local florists. These floral works of art are each accompanied by a poem about spring and nature brought to you by a local poet. Let’s hope these pages will cheer you up. A bit of personal history; as a kid growing up in Princeton, I worked in my mother’s flower shop, The Flower Basket, which she opened in 1948. She grew that business into three flower shops, to the extent that you couldn’t buy flowers in Princeton without buying them from my mom. Today, I am still greeted by people who tell me they had worked for my mother either as clerks, flower arrangers or doing deliveries. Back then, the flowers you had to work with in arrangements were limited because they were all grown in hot houses in such places as Cranbury, Bound Brook, or Nyack, New York. Today, many of the flowers we see in these pictures come from around the world and from California and Florida, all brought in daily by air. As with any artistic endeavor, this increased availability of materials, has elevated the scope and quality of what your local florists have produced. As a part-time flower arranger myself, I have to congratulate them on their great work. While you may be looking for the first robin of spring, Peter and Rosemary Grant are probably in the Galápagos Islands looking for the “latest” Darwin Finch as part of their study of evolution. Come with us as we follow the work of these two British evolutionary biologists from Princeton University on the island of Daphne Major where they have been spending six months of each year since 1973 studying evolution through the beaks of finches. This is another great example of the intellectual prowess around us in this great town of Princeton. Speaking of “intellectual prowess”, have you ever heard of the Center of Theological Inquiry? I hadn’t either! It is not part of The Princeton Theological Seminary and it is not part of the Institute for Advanced Study. It is an independent “mini-institute” that brings together about a dozen eminent and up-and-coming scholars to live in Princeton for a year and explore, in depth, a particular worldwide issue. This year the topic is international law and religious freedom and next year’s topic will involve several scientists from NASA. The Center has been funded by several prominent Princetonians including the late Bill Scheide. Back in January, after Michael Graves had received his Presidential Citation from President Obama, your editor-in-chief, Lynn Adams Smith, and I decided it would be a great tribute to Michael to feature him on the cover of Princeton Magazine. With excellent support from Michael and cooperation from his office, we began putting the story together. The last interview with Michael was just two weeks before his untimely death, which was a huge loss to the architectural profession. It was an easy decision to retain the story as written, with only a few adjustments and keep Michael Graves on the cover, albeit posthumously...a first for our magazine. The cover image of Michael Graves is not as most Princetonians know him. It is a circa 1960 image with “Corbusier” glasses as a Rome Prize Scholar at the American Academy in Rome where he studied both architecture and painting. Graves was identified early in his career when he was named as one of “The New York Five” along with Peter Eisenman, Charles Gwathmey, John Hejduk, and Richard Meier. Though the group had been recognized for its strict modernist approach to architecture, by the late seventies, Michael was moving toward Postmodernism with his ground breaking Portland Oregon Municipal Building. In 1985, he had created the famous Alessi teakettle which marked the beginning of his very successful product design practice for such companies as Target. In 2000, after he became paralyzed, his product design work expanded to help the physically handicapped.

Photography by Andrew Wilkinson

“Spring is in the Air”...finally!

As a fellow architect, I am a great admirer of Michael Graves and his work. What I most admire is the fact that he created an architectural language of his own. His work was marked by its simplicity and clarity of form and by his introduction of ample and interesting color, probably inspired by his painting, to which he had returned to as a pastime in his later years. His talent as an artist, a designer and an architect was truly awesome, and he will be sorely missed. I was embarrassed for our profession when, after Michael had won the competition for the Portland Building, members of the AIA donned buttons that read “I don’t dig Graves!” at their National Convention. Later on, the AIA honored Michael with its coveted Gold Medal and the New Jersey AIA Chapter created its own Michael Graves Lifetime Achievement Medal to honor remarkable architectural careers. Sweet Justice! Lynn Adams Smith joins me in hoping you enjoy this very special issue of Princeton Magazine. Respectfully yours,

J. Robert Hillier, FAIA Publisher

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DUBE | IMAGES COURTESY OF MICHAEL GRAVES ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

In the weeks before his death, Michael Graves gave one of his last interviews to PRINCETON MAGAZINE for the article that is printed here as written, with some modifications. He was still reporting to work every day, painting, making travel plans, seeking new building projects and looking forward to another year of teaching. 12 |

Graves home product designs include the Bird Whistle Kettle by Alessi and the JCPenney two-slice toaster.

BY ILENE

PRINCETON MAGAZINE APRIL 2015

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Graves home product designs include the Bird Whistle Kettle by Alessi and the JCPenney two-slice toaster.

Michael Graves drawing in the streets of Rome, 1961.

In this world there are numerous entities titled Michael Graves. There’s the Hotel Michael in Singapore, a luxury facility named for and featuring everything designed by the Princeton-based architect. The rooms are a sort of Michael Graves catalog, filled with his hallmark shapes that evoke roots in classical architecture. Even the paintings and murals come from the hand of Graves. In Wenzhou, China, the Michael Graves School of Architecture and Design, a branch of the Kean University Michael Graves School of Architecture and Design, is underway. It will consist of two parallel buildings joined by an atrium with a vaulted ceiling on the fifth floor for thesis candidates. “It’s one of my better buildings, if not my best building,” says Graves. “We’re really pleased with it.” There is the AIA-NJ Michael Graves Lifetime Achievement Award—“the highest and most prestigious honor that AIA New Jersey can bestow.” Graves himself was the first recipient, in 2004, and Princeton architect and Graves colleague J. Robert Hillier was the second recipient, in 2008. Then, of course, there’s the architect himself, winner of so many architectural awards he could design a library to hold them all. Highlights include the 2012 Richard H. Driehaus Prize and the 1999 National Medal of Arts from President Bill Clinton.

In 2001, the American Institute of Architects awarded Graves its Gold Medal, the highest award bestowed upon an individual architect. In January, Graves received the AIA Presidential Citation. “Gifted teacher, advocate for the power of design to transform both the sublime and the humble, marrying seamlessly form, function, and most especially delight, his is an art that enlists joy in the making, and joy within those caught in the sunny orbit of his imagination,” said Helene Combs Dreiling, 2014 AIA president, upon giving the award. “A soul brimming with enthusiasm to serve others, his work inspires hope.” About three years ago Graves moved his offices from the south side of Nassau Street to the north side, in a space that served as a store for his product designs more than a decade ago. The conference room is lined with his teakettles, espresso sets and toasters polished to such a high luster they reflect their surroundings, and dollhouse-size models of his chairs. The full-size versions can be seen in the Paul Robeson Center for the Arts, his design for the Arts Council of Princeton, and in MarketFair, where he redesigned the interior about five years ago. As a visitor perused these artifacts, Graves made his entrance. He always was an impeccable dresser, often wearing a cashmere sweater; in photo shoots, another sweater can be seen draped stylishly around

his neck. “He came into the office dressed like that everyday,” says his assistant, Mary Kate Murray. Graves was now fully visible in the entrance. With one hand on the lever that operates his wheelchair, he reached with the other to shake the hand of his guest. This was his C 500, the wheelchair he used for work—it has a tray table. On weekends, or when exercising or painting, he used his iBOT. This is the same wheelchair used by Graves’s friend, the artist Chuck Close. The occupant of the iBOT can be raised or lowered, to meet the eye level of the company he is in. Even more spectacularly, the wheelchair can go up and down stairs and over rugged terrain. Developed by Segway creator Dean Kamen, the iBOT—initially priced at $22,000—gives the user mobility and independence and the chance to live with dignity and confidence. Paralyzed from the waist down since a 2003 viral infection, Graves was adept with his iBOT, backing it up to his motorized stationary bicycle, spinning his legs to keep the circulation going. Sadly, Medicare stopped paying for iBOTs in 2006, considering it more a transportation device than a medical necessity, and in 2009 Johnson & Johnson stopped manufacturing the iBOT, Graves reported glumly.

APRIL 2015 PRINCETON MAGAZINE

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Denver Central Library

St. Coletta School for children with multiple disabilities

“The Arts Council of Princeton is forever grateful to Mr. Graves for donating the design of the Paul Robeson Center for the Arts. It is, as he intended, making an important contribution to the cultural life in the Princeton community.” —Jeff Nathanson— Arts Council of Princeton Executive Director Arts Council of Princeton's Paul Robeson Center for the Arts

Team Disney Building in Burbank

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Residential environment for physically impaired veterans

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Design Bookshelf Clock, sold at JCPenney (ABOVE). Graves worked with Moleskine to create the Inspiration and Process in Architecture visual diary (TOP).

INSIGHT INTO PATIENT NEEDS

Although he designed neither of his wheelchairs, Graves did design the Stryker, a transfer chair used by hospitals to wheel patients from one room to another. “Most of the chairs hospitals are still using were designed in 1933,” says Graves, whose Stryker chair offers greater comfort to the patient. Through insight gained from his own experiences, Graves designed a line of products for the patient room, thought out from a patient’s perspective. In 2013, President Obama appointed Graves to the U.S. Access Board. “There’s a way out of most dilemmas if there’s enough money,” he says. “Getting the money is always a challenge.” Graves airs his frustrations with those in Congress who favor tax advantages for the very rich. Politics aside, he was invited to dinner at the White House during the administrations of Reagan, both Bushes and Clinton numerous times. When in Washington for meetings, he would visit the William Bryant Annex of the Federal Court

House, with its giant rotunda, or the Department of Transportation, spanning two city blocks, both of which he designed, or the St. Coletta School for children with multiple disabilities, where he designed small enclosures, like little houses, so the students could recognize their classrooms. Each structure of the 99,000-square-foot school looks like a toy block. At home in Princeton, there are fewer of his buildings to visit. On weekend outings, Graves would pass by the Paul Robeson Center for the Arts, or when traveling on the turnpike he might see the Environmental Center near exit 14. Not far away is a chapel he designed in Newark, and the addition to the Newark Museum, where he was often invited to fundraising functions. He designed a handful of private homes in Princeton early in his career, and had been renovating an addition he put on a Tudor house built in 1970, when it won an AIA Gold Medal honor award.

DESIGNED FOR THE HUMAN BEING If there’s a refrain that runs through all his work, it is humanism. “Whether it’s a spatula you hold in your hand or rooms for your occupation in a building, it’s the participant, or the user, who comes first,” says Graves. “Not technology or the computer, politics or sociology. Some architects base their work on the metaphor of the machine, but all our metaphors are based on the human being. “Not everyone uses a computer,” he says. “It’s a tool we use to produce drawings, but it doesn’t design, we do that by hand.” Graves is known for his hand drawings. “That’s why Kean University named the school for me—because the curriculum is based on hand drawing, history, theory and travel.” The subject as well as author of many books, Graves has just released Inspiration and Process in Architecture (Moleskine, 2015). The book divides architectural design into three distinctive moments: referential sketches, preparatory studies, and final drawing. “This book is a visual diary that shows the architect’s attention to the legacy of the past and APRIL 2015 PRINCETON MAGAZINE

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Projects Menâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Grand Tour Dual Time Michael Graves Stainless Watch.

The Big Dripper, a ceramic drip coffeemaker designed for Swid Powell.

Stryker Prime TC Transport Chair.

16 |

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Graves received the 2014 AIA Presidential Citation. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) Presidential Citation honors individuals who are believed to merit acknowledgment for outstanding contributions to the world of architecture. Michael Graves held the title for 2014 due to his active role in creating quality designs that enhance everyday life.

how the observation of the world leads to the creation of new forms with tangible features,” says the jacket copy. “It’s like a sketchbook,” says Graves. “I did some writing but it’s mostly drawings.” Through April 12, Graves is the subject of a major exhibition at Grounds For Sculpture, celebrating the 50th anniversary of his firm’s work. Michael Graves: Past as Prologue features architecture and product design, from Denver Central Library and the Team Disney Building in Burbank to the celebrated Alessi tea kettle and a collection of bowls and vases for Steuben Glass, as well as paintings, drawings and sculpture.

THE NEXT GENERATION

At 80, Graves was still running his practice, still actively seeking new buildings to design. A dream had been to design a building on the Princeton campus. A University policy prevented him from

doing so until 2001, when he was Robert Schirmer Professor of Architecture. The economic collapse was not kind to Graves’s, or any architect’s practice. Some projects were cancelled, and the office downsized, although the product design side of the business continues to do well, with Kimberly-Clark a major client. “Americans aren’t building,” Graves says. “So we’re going all over the world looking for work: in the Middle East, China, India. That’s a long way to go. Our work has always been international; we rarely get work in New Jersey.” Asked about his painting: “I paint on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. I can’t afford to retire. I’m not wealthy.” Asked about teaching: “It’s crucial that students understand what architecture is from someone like me. You have to believe you’ve got something to say, and if you do you act on it.” Many of his students have become deans of schools of architecture.

Since retiring from Princeton he has been a visiting critic at Miami University, although this year the school lacked the funding to bring him back. After earning a master’s degree in architecture from Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1959, Graves was awarded the prestigious Prix de Rome to study at the American Academy in Rome. He learned to use his drawing to understand Renaissance and Baroque architecture, and the character and proportion of the buildings. One thousand of these line and wash drawings were published in Michael Graves: Images of a Grand Tour. “My heart has always been in Rome,” he admits. In Boca Raton, Florida, resides yet another being named Michael Graves. In addition to a 47-year-old son and 50-year-old daughter from a different marriage, Graves has a 12-year-old son, Michael Sebastian Graves, an aspiring architect. “He draws beautifully,” says Graves. “He’s better than I am.”

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Page from Turing’s On Computable Numbers paper (ABOVE). Alan Turing worked to build “The Bombe”, be” GROUND). which would successfully decode German U-boat messages and save lives during the Battle of the Atlantic (BACKGROUND)

athematical logic seems an unlikely field for a national hero. And yet, Winston Churchill described Alan Turing as having “made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany.” Churchill was referring to Turing’s code-breaking for the British intelligence service. As astounding as that was, Turing’s impact goes far beyond his efforts to break the German “Enigma” at Bletchley Park. To computer scientists he’s venerated as a pioneer whose theoretical “Universal Turing Machine” laid the groundwork for today’s digital revolution. So why did it take so long for Turing to become a household name? The answer to that question can now be quite simply stated. Turing was a practicing homosexual at a time when homosexual acts were subject to criminal prosecution in the U.K. Not only that, in the paranoid post-war period, homosexuals in Britain, as in the United States, were highly suspect, assumed to be vulnerable to blackmail during the spy-games of the Cold War. When Turing was charged with “gross

indecency” in 1952—just a year after he’d been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society he lost his security clearance. Rather than go to prison, he agreed to be treated with estrogen injections, a chemical method of castration then thought to “cure” homosexuality or at least diminish sexual urges. Two years later, Turing committed suicide just two weeks before his 42nd birthday by way of a cyanide-laced apple. His war work remained classified for decades. Some of it still is.

ALAN TURING: THE ENIGMA

Acknowledging the injustice done to the mathematical genius in 2009, then British Prime Minister Gordon Brown issued an apology. In 2013, Turing received a Royal Pardon from Her Royal Highness, Queen Elizabeth II. Actor Stephen Fry immediately tweeted, “At bloody last. Next step a banknote if there’s any justice!” No banknote so far, but Turing’s face graces a British postage stamp. Oxford mathematician Andrew Hodges has been credited for bringing about this long overdue public recognition of Turing through his definitive 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma. Hodges’s research led to the 1986 play Breaking the Code by

Hugh Whitemore, which starred Derek Jacobi in a role he reprised on British television in 1996. It also inspired the recent drama-documentary Code Breaker and the British-American movie The Imitation Game with Benedict Cumberbatch, Keira Knightley and Charles Dance. The latter film portrays Turing as a lone hero battling hard-nosed army brass who can’t or won’t take the time to understand him. In fact, Turing was part of a collaborative effort at Bletchley Park and the code-breaking machine was not a “computer” in the way that we use the word today, to mean programmable digital electronic device with a built in memory. Rather it was an electro-mechanical machine that speeded up the work already being attempted by dozens of mostly female “computers” laboriously working through all the possible settings of German encryption. When Hodges spoke at the Princeton Public Library a month or so before The Imitation Game arrived in American cinemas, the room was packed to capacity. But Hodges made it plain that he would be talking about Turing’s accomplishments as a pioneer of computer science and artificial intelligence rather than the film. APRIL 2015 PRINCETON MAGAZINE

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Born in London in 1912, Turing grew up with his older brother John in St. Leonards-on-Sea, where his parents had left their sons in the care of a retired Army Colonel and his wife. Turing’s father served in the Indian Civil Service and his parents spent most of their time in Colonial India. From 1926 until 1931, he attended a boy’s boarding school. From there he went on to King's College in Cambridge University, where he studied quantum mechanics, probability and logic, graduating in 1935. It was at Cambridge he wrote the paper that historian of science George Dyson says “would lead the way from logic to machines,” and earn him renown as the father of theoretical computer science. Titled “On Computable Numbers,” it was published in the proceedings of the London Mathematical Society shortly after Turing arrived in Princeton in 1936 as a graduate student at the University. In the 1930s, Princeton University was a magnet for young talented mathematicians from Europe. The newly founded Institute for Advanced Study, which didn’t get its own building until 1939, was sharing space with the University’s stellar mathematics department in Fine Hall (now Jones Hall), where Oswald Veblen had built the department into a leading center. Veblen and John von Neumann had joined the Institute whose faculty co-mingled with University mathematicians and Princeton students drawn to work with them and others like Alonzo Church and Kurt Gödel, not to mention Albert Einstein. “On Computable Numbers” introduced Turing’s idea that a machine could compute anything that a

human could compute with paper, pencil and time. He envisioned a simple two-dimensional “machine” that would include “programmed” instructions; a machine that could manipulate numbers according to a set of instructions that would themselves be p , expressed in numbers. He conceived of “automata,”

“The history of digital computing can be divided into an Old Testament whose prophets, led by Leibniz, supplied the logic, and a New Testament whose prophets, led by von Neumann, built the machines. Alan Turing arrived in between.” GEORGE DYSON, Turing’s Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe.

or “universal Turing machines,” that would be capable of performing any calculation using paper tape and binary digits. In effect, he invented the idea of software.

Von Neumann, who had met Turing when he was a student at Cambridge and recognized his talents, asked the new graduate to stay on in Princeton as his research assistant. Knowing that war with Germany was imminent, however, Turing was keen to return home. “I hope Hitler will not have invaded England bbefore I come back,” he wrote to a friend. In May 1938, after defending his doctoral ddissertation, he sailed back to England, where war w was soon declared. As a talented mathematician, T Turing was recruited to work on the German E Enigma cipher machine. At Bletchley, he worked to bbuild the decoding machine known as “The B Bombe,” which would successfully decode German U U-boat messages and save lives during the Battle of tthe Atlantic.

FROM LOGIC TO MACHINE F

T Today’s digital universe can be traced to the ““physical realization” of Turing’s dreams, says D Dyson. That realization was constructed by von N Neumann and a team of engineers at the Institute, an uunlikely place for such a practical hands-on project. B Beginning in 1945 in the Institute’s basement von N Neumann’s team went beyond the sort of eelectro-mechanical device with switches and rotors tthat had been used during the war to one that would uuse vacuum tubes to store “programs.” That way, tthe machine’s hardware settings did not have to be rreset for each new calculation. The machine would hhave a memory. The computer von Neumann built was an advance on earlier high speed machines that had been built to compute ballistics tables. Known as the IAS Machine

Running a race at the NPL (National Physical Laboratory) Sports Day in 1946, he finished in second place. He later came fifth in the Amateur Athletic Association of England marathon which qualified for the 1949 Olympic games.

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Turing (left) with other members of the Walton Athletic Club, an amateur club based in Walton, Surrey, an outer suburb of south-west London.

Turing is given a royal pardon in 2013 for his 1952 conviction.

Benedict Cumberbatch as Turing in the recent thriller The Imitation Game.

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FURTHER READING Described as “one of the best scientific biographies ever written,” Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges was re-issued last year as a 700-page paperback with a new preface and a foreword by Douglas Hofstadter. It draws from primary sources and interviews with those who knew Turing and explains how his revolutionary idea laid the foundation for modern computing. Hodges maintains a highly informative website with everything and anything one would wish to know about his life, his work, and his legacy. Take a look: www.turing.org.uk.

The new American edition of Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges from Princeton University Press. The book has been described as the definitive source on Alan Turing. Turing’s Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe by George Dyson. The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, by Herman H. Goldstine.

or MANIAC (Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, and Computer), it would be used to determine the feasibility of the development of a hydrogen bomb. Von Neumann had worked on the Manhattan Project during the war and during the summer of 1951, Los Alamos scientists used his Institute machine for a classified complex thermonuclear calculation, for which it ran for 24 hours at a time without interruption over a period of some 60 days. It was also used to solve fundamental problems in meteorology.

AHEAD OF HIS TIME

As Hodges shows, Turing was fascinated, perhaps even obsessed, by questions of mind, soul, free will, and creativity. In other words, what it means to be human. Could a machine learn, he wondered. Could a machine make mistakes, could it feel emotions? By the late 1940s, Turing was anticipating the field we know today as artificial intelligence. His 1950 paper, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” posed the question “can machines think?” To answer the question he proposed a test. The name he chose for the test, inspired the title of the recent movie. He called it “The Imitation Game.” A questioner would put questions to a

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computer and a human being located in a separate room and therefore unseen by the questioner. If the questioner cannot tell the computer’s response from the human’s response, then, in Turing’s view, the computer is a thinking machine capable of simulating human behavior. Turing realized that being human means being fallible. He understood that human intelligence involves making mistakes and learning from them. Instead of seeking to make machines that would be infallible in their calculations, he envisioned the development of “learning machines.” “What we want is a machine that can learn from experience,” he wrote. “The possibility of letting the machine alter its own instructions provides the mechanism for this.” According to Dyson, “Turing gave provocative hints about what might lie ahead.” When asked by a friend “under what circumstances he would say that a machine is conscious,” Turing quipped that “if the machine was liable to punish him for saying otherwise then he would say that it was conscious.”

Turing’s Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe by George Dyson pays tribute to Turing’s vision and relates the developments of his ideas by others, principally John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study. Dyson grew up in Princeton and is the son of Institute for Advanced Study faculty member Freeman Dyson. As a child, Dyson played in the barn where spare parts for the Institute’s computer were stored and knew many of those who worked on it. The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann by Herman H. Goldstine traces the modern computer from the days of Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace through the developments of World War II, the ENIAC at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania and von Neumann’s Electronic Computer Project, acknowledging the contribution of George Boole, Alan Turing and John von Neumann along the way.

PRINCETON MAGAZINE APRIL 2015

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Photographs by Andrew Wilkinson Poems selected by Linda Arntzenius

Princeton’s Floral Artists Step into Spring Spring is an invitation no living thing can resist—the time of year when creative juices fill green shoots and quicken the imaginations of artists, musicians, lovers, and poets. Here, the artistry of several Princeton area florists Dahlia, Les Fleuristes, Monday Morning, and Viburnum celebrate spring alongside a selection of poems by local poets Vida Chu, Carolyn Foote Edelmann, Sharon Olson and Linda Arntzenius that invite us all to step into spring.

ga r d e n i n g s u i t s In the ﬁrst row a woman holds up a hand of cards. Iris, crocus, phlox, these are the sure winners. There will have to be a transition period with the new owner. Terrible at bidding but she has great card sense. No sense planting tulips, deer food, but they’ll leave the daffodils. The lilies are bound to be a knockout. The pond is half silt, one quarter leaves. The crocuses are done now. In the second row a man doffs his hat. —Sharon Olson The Poet Sharon Olson’s book The Long Night of Flying was published by Sixteen Rivers Press in 2006. Her poems have appeared in such journals as Crab Orchard Review, Arroyo Literary Review, U.S. 1 Worksheets, Off the Coast, and Cider Press Review.

The Florist Dahlia Florals: Adriene Presti, AIFD is the artistic director and owner of Dahlia Florals, 107 Route 31 North, Pennington, NJ 08534; 609.737.0556; dahliaweddings.com

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b u b b l i n g o ve r It's true, something inside you cracks at this cusp, this u-turn of season, when air splits like a slip along a fault line, and anything can happen: a bat hang from the windowtop to watch you at your dinner, some ancestor from Suffolk sit down with his pipe. A stranger might come in to use your iron. Your deck chair ﬂowers like a Callery pear. And old arrangements turn invalid: sky, new blue, is suddenly caged out, black branches popping puffs of color, the shadow of the split ash spreads a web on swells of garish green to catch and tip you over, the sun's a wet red ﬁsh, and when you plunge to grab it in your hand, it gives a sudden twist and leaps back in. That whistle in the distance is a train careening along corridors of apple blossom; get on and it might set you down anywhere, Istanbul or Cairo or Vancouver. All bets are off in spring's unsettling grammar, you're past tense and into taut, stretched so thin and vibrato tree to tree —watch out!— someone could come along and cut you up for cello strings. —Betty Lies

The Poet Betty Lies is a member of the Cool Women poetry/performance group and author of three books of poetry: The Blue Laws, The Day After I Drowned, and Padiddle. She is also a Geraldine R. Dodge poet. The Florist Dahlia Florals: Adriene Presti, AIFD is the artistic director and owner of Dahlia Florals, 107 Route 31 North, Pennington, NJ 08534; 609.737.0556; dahliaweddings.com

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magnolias and irises After the morning rain the sun struggles to illuminate the Tiffany glass panel landscape.

I gaze at this luminous stained glass. If the exact sun ray strikes one day I might enter

An embankment of irises in lavender, crimson and blue under tall white magnolia.

to stroll among fragrant ﬂowers, swim across the lake, and follow the winding brook to its source.

Pink clouds and a mirrored lake separate distant purple mountains, a meandering stream.

—Vida Chu, from her book The Fragrant Harbor

The Poet Vida Chu is a member of U.S.1 Poets Cooperative. She is a frequent contributor to Cricket magazine. The Florists Jean-Marie Ernandes Jean-Luc Baraton Les Fleuristes 72 Witherspoon Street Princeton, NJ 08540 609.683.0158 lesﬂeuristesprinceton.com

PRINCETON MAGAZINE APRIL 2015

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it all started when we came upon carpets of stars cranberries in ﬂower trembling white below the ice blue sky along hard-packed dikes slumbrous bees formed golden pyramids on gleaming amber boxes dawn’s pollinators here to burst all bonds course among broad acres of waving stamens at day’s end we stood on tiptoe plucking ﬁrst blued berries from among the mauve and pink at the tips of overarching bushes tucked among hollies and sheep laurel through thickets and tunnels we made our way to the sea mouths awash in warm berries —Carolyn Foote Edelmann, published in Cool Women, Volume 1

defiance I would be unruly as these sprouting bulbs surge and burgeon though so slightly rooted among celadon stones open swirls of hope spurt voluminous whiteness spill gilded light emitting spring as fragrance proving that winter looses his gelid grasp —Carolyn Foote Edelmann

The Poet Poet and naturalist Carolyn Foote Edelmann is community relations associate for the D&R Greenway Land Trust and maintains the nature blog njwildbeauty.wordpress.com. The Florist Alanna Drzyzga Monday Morning Flowers 111 Main St. Princeton, NJ 08540 609-520-2005 www.sendingsmiles.com

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i n v i t at i o n When was the last time you walked barefoot through wet grass early morning cool between your toes soft mud squelching at your balled step your bold step in step with milk-maids farm-lads tripping through the decades of forgotten meadows? Come. Let the earth exert its pull once more back to itself as before. One spring morning when you wake to sunlight tip-toe alone from dulling bed disdain smug slippers, leave wool rug and smooth wood ďŹ&#x201A;oor. Cross the threshold to green lawn and know each step is yours. â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Linda Arntzenius

The Poet Linda Arntzenius writes for Town Topics Newspaper, Princeton Magazine and Urban Agenda. Her poems have been published in such journals as U.S.1 Worksheets, Slant, Exit 13 and The Paterson Review.

The Florist Bernie Santilli, Viburnum Designs, 202 Nassau Street, Princeton, NJ 08540. 609. 683.8800; www.viburnumdesigns.com

PRINCETON MAGAZINE APRIL 2015

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Getting Back to the Garden by Stuart Mitchner We’ve got to get ourselves back to the garden...

hat line from Joni Mitchell’s song “Woodstock” has been singing in my mind ever since I began thinking about books on gardens for the spring issue. The sound that haunts me, however, isn’t from the composer’s version, but the one sung by Ian Matthews and backed by Gordon Huntley’s eloquent pedal steel guitar on the album Later That Same Year by Matthews’ Southern Comfort. Huntley weaves a spell of such beauty, no place but an earthly paradise could live up to it. Of real world here-and-now gardens in my experience, I think of Hidcote near Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire, which I visited with my wife and 10-year-old son at the time of his all-consuming fascination with plants and ﬂowers, particularly exotic deadly ones (a year later it was electric guitars and exotic, deadly music). As it happens, Hidcote was the creation of an American expatriate named Lawrence Johnston, who settled in England in 1900 and began laying out the garden ten years later. During the same UK summer, we visited Vita Sackville-West’s Sissinghurst Castle Garden, which shared the Arts and Crafts style of Hidcote, with its sequence of outdoor “rooms.” I was always the semi-reluctant hanger-on, for these visits took place when my wife was reading her way through the letters and journals of Sackville-West’s soulmate Virginia Woolf and my son was doing the same with ﬁeld guides and botanical esoterica. Both Hidcote and Sissinghurst are featured in George Plumptre’s The English Country House Garden, with photographs by Marcus Harper, recently published by Francis Lincoln. Hidcote and Sissinghurst are, in fact, among “the Three Essentials” of the opening chapter (along with Great Dixter), described as icons “that have come to encapsulate what many other garden makers admire and would like to achieve themselves.” According to Publishers Weekly, Plumptre “traces the key features of basic garden design—the

relationship of the garden to the house, the surrounding landscape, detailed planting arrangements, and the human element—highlighting various estates, the personalities who once built them, and those who now sustain them.” Viewers in remission from Downton Abbey may be interested to know that “the role of the garden quickly emerges as a central theme in the history of English country houses, evoking a sensibility that reaches beyond the prescribed care of the elements and asserts that the country house garden is magical.” Of the three icons, the garden with the strongest literary ties is given in-depth treament in the recently published Sissinghurst: Vita Sackville-West and the Creation of a Garden (St. Martin’s Press). The publisher notes that from 1946 to 1957, Sackville-West wrote a weekly column in the Observer depicting her life at Sissinghurst, showing her to be “one of the most visionary horticulturalists of the twentiethcentury.” There are additions by Sarah Raven, “a famous British gardener in her own right who is married to Vita’s grandson Adam Nicolson.” Sissinghurst reveals “Vita’s most loved ﬂowers, as well as offering practical advice for gardeners.” It also “describes details of the trials and tribulations of crafting a place of beauty and elegance.” THE GARDEN STATE

Of Gardens of the Garden State (Monicelli Press 2014) by Nancy Berner and Susan Lowry, The Newark Star-Ledger says “Perhaps the most intriguing sections” are “those that sneak readers into fabulous private gardens, captured by photographers Gemma and Andrew Ingalls.” The review cites the garden created by “noted garden writer Ken Druse and partner Louis Bauer, horticultural director at Wave Hill in the Bronx, on a 2-acre river island”; the tropical garden of Graeme Hardie and the “sculpture-rich garden of Silas Mountsier, located opposite one another on a leafy street in Nutley”; the “elegant fountains and artful perennial gardens at Kennelston Cottage in Far Hills” and Linden Hill in Rumson, “where 45,000 annuals create a spectacular display every summer.”

PRINCETON MAGAZINE APRIL 2015

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Mykonos Island, Greece.

THE ULTIMATE GARDEN BOOK

are thornless roses, and found a list, but with an asterisk admitting that “some thornless varieties may have a rare thorn or two, or small thorns under the leaf.” So there you have it, if you want a truly Miltonic before-the-fall no-thorns rose, turn to Paradise Lost, Book IV, line 256.

Mykonos photograph courtesy of Shutterstock.com

The Gardener’s Garden (Phaidon).

The Gardener’s Garden (Phaidon $79.95), conceived and edited by editors at Phaidon Press with 1200 illustrations and an introduction by Madison Cox has been called “the ultimate garden book,” featuring over 250 permanent gardens by leading garden designers, horticulturalists and landscape architects, from the 14th century to the present day, and covering key types and styles of garden. The featured gardens have been selected by an international panel of experts, including, along with Cox, Ravindra Bhan (India), Toby Musgrave (UK/ Denmark), Bill Noble (USA), Dan Pearson (UK) and Made Wijaya (Bali). Summary texts explaining each garden and its design and planting features are written by leading garden and horticultural experts, including Edwinna von Baeyer, Ruth Chivers, Noel Kingsbury, Jill Raggett, Christine Reid and Lindsey Taylor. Featured gardens include Cox’s Ain Kassimou garden in Morocco, the High Line urban greenspace in New York, Japan’s serene moss garden ‘Saiho-ji’, and the Renaissance garden Villandry in France. MILTON’S GARDEN

In the visual tour of The Gardener’s Garden narrated by Madison Cox on the Phaidon site, he suggests that the garden has always “represented paradise,” a notion that sent me to the lush description of Eden in Book IV of Milton’s Paradise Lost—that “delicious Paradise” seen through Satan’s eyes; the blossoms and fruits “at once of golden hue” with “gay enamelled colours mixed,” groves “whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm,” between them “lawns, or level downs,” “Flowers of all hue, and without thorn the rose:/Another side, umbrageous grots and caves/Of cool recess, o’er which the mantling vine/Lays forth her purple grape, and gently creeps.” Note that this being Eden before the fall, the rose has no thorns. Being wholly benighted on the subject (let Gertrude Stein say it, “a rose is a rose is a rose”), I went looking to see if there

IN MYKONOS

I was thinking the only gardens I was casually familiar with were the ones behind Prospect House on the Princeton campus when I remembered the one I lived in for a month in my mid-twenties. on the island of Mykonos. Surrounded by an eight-foot-high whitewashed wall, it had shed-like living quarters consisting of kitchen, study, and bedroom (only the study had electricity and the conveniences, as they say in the UK, were of the outdoor variety). With some help from the girl I was with and a British friend, I made a list that I still have: we had Easter lilies and geraniums, morning glories, carnations and roses, fig trees, pomegranate trees, orange, apple, baby peach, and kumquat trees; there were grapevine arbors roofing the path, plus pine trees, lime trees, and a big bay tree, evergreens, mint plants, and honeysuckle. We could pick our own lettuce, onions, cucumbers, and tomatoes, and there was a hen house providing all the eggs we could eat. A fitting line from Keats just flashed through my mind, as good a one as any to close with, on the subject of “vines that round the thatch-eaves run; To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core.”

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APRIL 2015 PRINCETON MAGAZINE

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HRH Queen Hajiya Hadizatu Ahmedu, Magajiya of Kubwada, 2012. George Osodi

| art scene

(left) HRM Pere Donokoromo II, The Pere of Isaba Kingdom, 2012. George Osodi (right) HRM Agbogidi Obi James Ikechukwu Anyasi II, Obi of Idumuje Unor, 2012. George Osodi (bottom) Poetic Pilgrimage, 2010. Hassan Hajjaj

Treasures in Store at the Newark Museum

by Linda Arntzenius

he late Michael Graves, the subject of this issue’s cover story, was Newark Museum’s master planner, architect and interior designer since the late 1960s. As such, his firm has worked on dozens of projects there, including a 175,000 square foot renovation that garnered an AIA National Honor Award and a new master plan in honor of the Museum’s centennial in 2009. There is so much to see in the state’s largest museum that a visit always yields some surprises. In addition to mounting new exhibitions, Newark Museum has fine collections of American, decorative and contemporary art, as well as artwork from Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the ancient world. Its Tibetan galleries are considered among the best and it has paintings by such American masters as Hiram Powers, Thomas Cole, John Singer Sargent, Albert Bierstadt, Frederick Church, Childe Hassam, Mary Cassatt, Edward Hopper, Georgia O’Keeffe, Joseph Stella, Tony Smith and Frank Stella. And it’s not just for art lovers. The museum boasts a planetarium and regular displays from its 70,000 natural science collection in the Victoria Hall of Science. Established in 1909 at the Newark Public Library by John Cotton Dana who, as its founding director, turned it into one of the most progressive cultural institutions in the country, Newark Museum got its own building courtesy of a gift from department store magnate Louis Bamberger in the 1920s. Since then, it has expanded several times and was redesigned by Graves in 1990s. Currently on view is a stunning series of recent portraits by the award-winning Nigerian photojournalist George Osodi, who has been featured in The New York Times,

Time Magazine, leading UK newspapers and international magazines and media. Royals and Regalia: Inside the Palaces of Nigeria’s Monarchs presents forty of Osodi’s images, shown for the first time in the United States. They feature Nigeria’s ruling elite in their palaces and throne rooms. The photographer has captured each of his subjects—sometimes alone, sometimes with a retinue of staff—against the backdrop of their office. The word “splendor” springs to mind in viewing these works, which have been clearly staged for the camera. Osadi offers a unique and intimate perspective that is astonishingly rich in detail and revealing in personality. Here is a privileged visual documentation of the palaces of more than 20 kings and queens. One can look at these portraits on many levels, as works of fine art, as visual documentations of political power and aspiration, as moments in history that reveal long standing tradition and cultural connections. The photographer’s eye has captured not only the embroidered silks and intricate elements of architecture that reveal the influences of Christianity and Islam in Africa but the dignity of his subjects. His aim, Osadi has said, was to show individuals such as His Royal Majesty Agbogidi Obi James Ikechukwu Anyasi II, the Obi of Idumuje Unor, and Her Royal Highness Queen Hajiya Hadizatu Ahmedu, the Magajiya of Kubwada, in the way in which they would see themselves. Each image is intended as a celebration of Nigerian culture. By holding up a mirror to the modern-day descendents of traditional rulers going back centuries, Osadi is speaking to their custodial roles as keepers of the country’s cultural heritage. “Some of them have had ancestors who were kings in the early days of slavery. Some were kings in the early days of the Europeans capturing various kingdoms. Some were heavily humiliated, and they were photographed in ways that were dehumanizing by some of these captors in the early days of colonialism. I wanted to now show them as true kings of the 21st century,” said Osodi in an interview with Slate photography critic Jordan G. Teicher.

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One other aspect of the exhibition is a document of the cultural complexity of Nigeria, which has a sad history of ethnic and religious conflict. Osodi hopes that his images will have special relevance for Nigerians who have left their homeland and for their children who may never have been there. “I feel that it’s high time we as a country see this diversity as a point of unity in Nigeria rather than something that divides us,” he told Teicher. While some of Osodi’s subjects present imposing figures, it must be said that one or two look quite bored by the process of sitting for the photographer. Nonetheless, Osodi has a knack for engaging his viewers and holding them enthralled. The near life-size portraits are shown alongside examples of dress and regalia from the Museum’s own celebrated collection of African art dating back to 1917. Together with an exhibition of work by the Moroccan-born UK artist Hassan Hajjaj, titled My Rock Stars, Osodi’s Royals and Regalia is part of a twoyear celebration that will culminate in a major reinstallation of African art in 2017. Hajjaj’s work complements the Osodi exhibition with images and videos of contemporary African musicians and singers influenced as much by hip hop and jazz as by traditional North African songs. Like Osodi, Hajjaj is personally connected to his subjects, these are the performers he admires, and the exhibition is by way of tribute. Osodi’s photography is in the collections of major European museums and the Smithsonian Museums in Washington D.C., as well as private collection. He has been commissioned by the likes of Nestle Switzerland, Bilfinger Berger Germany, Schlumberger Nigeria, Oxfam USA, and Amnesty international and has had solo exhibitions in Europe, India, Africa and the United States. In 2004, he was FUJI African Photojournalist of the Year and in 2008, he was a nominee for the Prix Pictet Photography prize. As a United Nations special court photographer, he observed the trial of former Liberian president Charles Taylor in 2006. His books include the 2011 Delta Nigeria: The Rape of Paradise, Nigerians Behind the Lens in 2010, and Lagos: A City at Work in 2005. For more of Osodi’s work, visit: www.georgeosodi.com Spendor of another kind is on display in Newark Museum’s ongoing exhibition, City of Silver and Gold: From Tiffany to Cartier, which recalls Newark’s heyday as the center of the nation’s precious metal industry. For more than a century, the city was home to the design workshops of famed jewelry goldsmiths and silversmiths such as Tiffany & Co. and Krementz. City of Silver and Gold showcases more than one hundred of the Museum’s holdings. At its heart are unique Tiffany & Co. pieces that can be found nowhere else, including a massive seven-light candelabrum designed by Paulding Farnham that was shown in the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. Other highlights of the show are a jewel-encrusted coffee set in the “Viking” style that Farnham designed for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, and a pair of art-deco candelabra that were custom-made by Tiffany for the 1939 New York World’s Fair. Royals and Regalia: Inside the Palaces of Nigeria’s Monarchs and Hassan Hajjaj: My Rock Stars will be on display at the Newark Museum, 49 Washington Street, Newark, through August 9. Hours are Wednesday through Sunday from noon to 5 p.m. and closed on public holidays. For more information, call 973.596.6550, or visit: www.newarkmuseum.org

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 118 to 128 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia: The Artist’s Garden: American Impressionism and the Garden Movement (1887-1920) through May 24. For more information, call 215.972.7600 or visit: pafa.org. Morven Museum & Garden at 55 Stockton Street: Of the Best Materials and Good Workmanship: 19th Century New Jersey Chairmaking, from April 24 through October 18 with an opening reception Thursday, April 23, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. For more information, hours and admission, call 609.924.8144 ext.106 or visit: morven.org.

AREA EXHIBITS

Grounds for Sculpture in Hamilton: Seward Johnson: The Retrospective is extended to July. Also Jae Ko: Selections features the work of the Korean-born artist, Jae Ko, including a major new commission in the East Gallery that is more than 80 feet long: Force of Nature, Shiro 白 transforms over 20,000 pounds of recycled paper in shades of white into the artist’s largest and most ambitious piece to date. Inspired by the natural world—Shiro 白 means white, pure and clear‑the glacier-like installation continues in the Domestic Arts Building. The full exhibition opens on May 9 and will be on view through February 6, 2016. For more information, admission and hours, visit groundsforsculpture.org. James A. Michener Art Museum at 138 South Pine St., Doylestown: The Artist in the Garden continues through August 9; Rodin: The Human Experience— Selections from the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Collections and the companion exhibition The Rodin Legacy through June 14. For more information, hours and admission, call 215.340.9800 or 800.595.4849, or visit: MichenerArtMuseum.org. (top) Jae Ko: Selections at Grounds for Sculpture. (middle) The Samuel C. Miller Cup. (bottom, from left to right) Candelabrum; Handcrafted pitcher; Spectacle case.

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Brilliant Timing:

shutterstock.com

Evolutionary Biologists Rosemary and Peter Grant by ellen gilbert

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Courtesy of Princeton University Press.

(OPPOSITE) View of Santiago from Bartolomé Island, Galápagos. (BELOW) Peter and Rosemary Grant in the ﬁeld measuring and weighing ﬁnches.

Galápagos

Pinta Marchena

Fernandina

Bartolomé

Galápagos

Baltra

Seymour Rábida

Daphne

Pinzón

Isabela

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Plaza Sur

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San Cristóbal

Courtesy of Flickr/sataylorpix.

Santiago

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creenwriters and movie producers take note: here is a great story that takes place on a remote island: the true-life adventures of Rosemary Grant and Peter Grant, the British-born, Princeton University-based evolutionary biologists. That said, their new book, 40 Years of Evolution is unlikely to be optioned for a movie. Published by Princeton University Press, it teems with statistics, graphs, charts, references, and technical details that document their remarkable study of finches on Daphne Major, a small volcanic island in the Galápagos. Although the Grants say that they “have designed this book for students, educators, and others to read for enjoyment and inspiration,” the Princeton Public Library does not yet own a copy; Princeton University’s Lewis Science Library does. Moviemakers would be well advised, instead, to consult with science writer Jonathan Weiner, whose 1994 book, The Beak of the Finch, visits the Grants mid-career. More recently, Weiner’s New York Times essay, “In Darwin’s Footsteps and Beyond,” uses the publication of 40 Years of Evolution as an opportunity to bring their story upto-date. The phrase “long term” applies here. B. Rosemary Grant and Peter R. Grant are both 77 years old and have been married for 52 years. When they began their work with a cadre of students on the small Galápagos Island of Daphne Major in 1973 they planned to stay about two years. “Their goal,” as Weiner tells it, “was to study finches in the genus Geospiza—the birds that gave Darwin some of his first inklings of evolution by natural selection—and to try to reconstruct part of their evolutionary history. Instead they made an amazing discovery.”

South Amer ica

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Marchena Española

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their “’most spectacular discovery,” however, appears toSeymour be a new species of finch, differing in Fernandina Rábida size,Daphne song, and other characteristics. In his review Taking Darwin’s Origin of Species by Means Baltra of the new book, British zoologist Tim Birkhead of Natural Selection, which they describe as “a Pinzón Plaza Sur notes theSanta isolation and inhospitable nature of manifesto of cardinal evolutionary principles,” the Cruz but says “the payoff” is in research Daphne Major, Grants set out to observe adaptive radiation (i.e., that “furnishes some of the most compelling diversification as a result of an event) among what Isabela San evidence for natural selection and theCristóbal origin of are actually known as “Darwin’s finches.” Using Los Hermanos Santa Fé species. The Grants’ achievement is monumental.” ecological, behavioral, and genetic data (song recordings, DNA analyses, and feeding and breeding Tortuga “Peter and Rosemary Grant are members of a very small scientific tribe,” Princeton Alumni behavior) to measure changes, they succeeded in Weekly writerChampion Joel Achenbach notes. They are showing significant differences in average beak size Española “people who have seen evolution happen right Floreana and shape over the years. What has been described EVOLUTION IN REAL TIME

100 KM

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Courtesy of Princeton University Press.

G. fuliginosa

G. fortis

G. scandens

G. magnirostris

Tribulus Opuntia cactus seeds Opuntia cactus buds and flowers

Phenotypic variation in the Geospiza fortis population on Daphne.

Small seeds on ground Small seeds on plant Other

Dry-season diets of the four Geospiza species on Daphne. Feeding observations were made ondiets largeof samples of birds in January to March 1985 and 1986 spanning Dry-season the four Geospiza species on Daphne. Feeding aobservations drought: 164 fortis, 116 scandens, 40samples fuliginosa, 15in magnirostris. were made on large of and birds January to

March 1985 and 1986 spanning a drought: 164 fortis, 116 scandens, 40 fuliginosa, and 15 magnirostris.

Courtesy of Princeton University Press.

RECOGNITION AND COLLABORATION

before their eyes.” Evolution didn’t just “happen,” of course; there is a reason why their books are heavy in “scholarly apparatus.” “We need very precise numbers to know exactly what has happened to cut out any possibility for guesswork,” say Peter Grant. “For the Grants,” observes Achenbach, “evolution isn’t a theoretical abstraction. It’s gritty and real and immediate and stunningly fast.”

The list of learned societies to which the Grants belong is very long, and they have won many honors along the way. In 2009 they were awarded the highly esteemed Kyoto Prize, presented by the Inamori Foundation of Japan to honor lifetime achievements in the basic science, advanced technology, and arts and philosophy. A comment by Peter Grant at the time reflects the couple’s pleasure in their collaboration: “it is a wonderful honor to be recognized in this way, and especially moving to know that we are the first husband-and-wife team to be given the award in the 25-year history of the Kyoto Prize.” As an old friend of the Grants reportedly observed, “the world will take much of what they do as Peter. Yet they really do something that transcends either one of them. That’s developed over a long period of time, probably to a greater point than even they themselves are aware.” “Reading 40 Years of Evolution is like having an engaging conversation with two of the most prominent and charming field biologists of our time,” enthuses Harvard University Professor Hopi E. Hoekstra. When asked about the success of their partnership, the Grants are characteristically modest. “It is founded on mutual respect,” they say. “I don’t think we’ve ever competed with each other,” Rosemary has said. “We come at things very differently. But it’s always had a synergistic effect.” They are similarly successful at working with other scientists. “Respect for the differences may be the key to all successful collaborations,” they suggest. “Our collaborations with scientists at Harvard and at Upsala (since the book) have worked so well because all parties contributed different expertise.” Currently, the Grants say they are working “with colleagues

who have the tools to analyze our demographic and genetic data. Our most recent paper, reporting discovery of a gene that controls beak shape development, was published in Nature just last week. We may return to Galápagos next year but have no immediate plans.” CAVE-DWELLING VS. CONTES?

It’s easy to wonder what it’s been like to divide each year between Princeton, where they arrived in 1985, and Daphne Major. Did they miss Conte’s pizza when they were in the ﬁeld? Yearn for Daphne Major’s unspoiled beauty walking down Nassau Street? “Reentering society after a long time on an uninhabited island does take some adjustment,” they acknowledge. The journey back to Princeton included stops on Santa Cruz Island, Quito, and Miami airport. “Princeton is home”— they live a couple of miles from campus near Lake Carnegie—“so that does not require adjustment after the preceding experiences in transit,” they add. “Returning to Daphne Major is pure pleasure, and we do not pine for pizzas.” The word “continuum” comes to mind with regard to Rosemary and Peter Grant’s work: the sense of it is everywhere in their new book, which is dedicated to “the next generation” and “succeeding ones,” and includes 34 pages of references to earlier research on which they build, while acknowledging the advent of new technologies (e.g., electrophoresis) over the years. They agree. “Continuum, yes; in the sense that we were dependent on our predecessors and hope that others will follow and take advantage of what we have discovered.”

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Large ground ﬁnch Geospiza magnirostris. (RIGHT) Peter Grant tracking ﬁnches (Photo courtesy Rosemary and Peter Grant).

Courtesy of the Linda Hall Library.

(BELOW) Peter and Rosemary Grant cross a lava ﬁeld (Photo courtesy Rosemary and Peter Grant).

(BOTTOM) Peter and Rosemary Grant sit in a cave on Daphne Major Island in 2004. The cave generally was used for cooking; here, Peter is shown measuring the beak of a ﬁnch (Photo by Lukas Keller/ University of Zurich).

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PRINCETON MAGAZINE APRIL 2015

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CENTER OF THEOLOGICAL INQUIRY WHERE SCHOLARS TAKE ON LIFE’S BIG QUESTIONS by Linda Arntzenius

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here was a time when the words science and religion rarely appeared in a sentence without the word versus holding them apart. This adversarial attitude can still be found in high-profile sword fencing between media personalities. But at the Center of Theological Inquiry in Princeton you are more likely to find scientists sitting down with theologians, among other scholars in the sciences and humanities. Part of this change in the intellectual landscape is due to the inescapable importance of religion across the globe. Center Director William Storrar (“Will” to friends and colleagues) is fond of quoting the scientist who, when asked if he believed in God, responded: “I believe in humanity and humanity believes in God.” As Storrar puts it: “if you are going to deal with the problems of humanity, you need to deal with the question of God.” The Center of Theological Inquiry (CTI) has done much to bring about such changes in thinking. A sort of mini-Institute for Advanced Study bringing together scholars in religion and other disciplines for substantial

dialogue on issues of real world import, it works like this: about a dozen scholars come to live in Princeton each year, a mix of eminent and up-and-coming. In addition to their own research, they collectively tackle a topic of the year. This year it’s international law and religious freedom. Before that, it was evolution and human nature. Next year and the year after, it will be astrobiology and the implications of actually finding some sort of life somewhere out there in the vastness of space. SMALL OPERATION, BIG IMPACT If one were to draw a lines-of-influence map between CTI and the expertise of all of the research scholars and visitors who have crossed its threshold, the result would be a web of surprising connections and juxtapositions. Surprising to the man in the street that is, but not to Storrar, who is well aware of the Center’s reach. “CTI is a catalyst for change starting with the residential scholars who visit each year and then go back to their own institutions where they teach differently, conduct their research differently, after being in a place that actively promotes thinking aloud together in a non-judgmental environment,” he says.

Indian theologian Jayakiran Sebastian calls it “a place where currents from all over the world, across the spectrum of theological, sociological, cultural inquiry flow together, ferment and flow out into areas which may not have been anticipated by its founders.” “We do one thing and one thing only at CTI,” says Storrar. “We gather the best scholars from any discipline and any part of the world to think together on a common big question of our time. And we do that not through big conferences and large research projects, but by small-scale conversations around our table; salon-style rather than lecture-hall style.” “Punching above our weight” is a phrase Storrar has been known to use and when you consider the sheer size of the place—a full time staff of just four—you realize he has a point. The four include Storrar, the Center’s Director of Research Robin Lovin, a center administrator and a receptionist. The phrase could equally be applied to Storrar himself, a man of quiet determination and seemingly endless stamina.

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(CLOCKWISE) Center Director William Storrar. Jeremy Waldron of the New York University School of Law delivered the keynote lecture at a recent international

symposium organized by CTI. Colleen Shantz and Michael Spezio, participants in Luce Hall Conversations, April 2014.

NOT A THINK TANK

One of the first things Storrar tells me about the Center is what it is not. “We are not an issues-based think tank.” In other words don’t look to CTI for sound bites following the latest atrocity carried out in the name of religion. Instead it’s a place for scholars to take a step back from headline-grabbing topics and to engage with the profound issues that underlie them. Founded in 1978 by theological educator James McCord, CTI was inspired by the Institute for Advanced Study. The late Bill Scheide and Time magazine’s Henry Luce III (whose father founded the magazine) shared and supported McCord’s vision of placing theology at the cutting edge of intellectual debate. “No easy matter at that time,” says Storrar, with obvious admiration for his predecessor. “The mid-to-late 20th century was the time of faith versus reason, science versus religion; that was the battlefield McCord was trying to address.” The landscape is different now, as a quick look at the intellectuals drawn to CTI attests. They run the gamut of the academic disciplines. In recent years,

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for example, they have included a psychotherapist turned theologian, an evolutionary anthropologist, a scientist who was also a novelist, theological ethicists and philosophers, neuroscientists and psychologists. They come not just from the United States but from Canada, England, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, South Africa, India, China, Brazil, you name it. “CTI is bringing together people in what would have seemed unlikely combinations but which are the shape of our future,” says Krista Tippett, the widely-respected and engaging broadcast journalist whose award-winning program On Being brings a discussion of religious and philosophical questions to public radio. She’s a long-standing friend of the Center and is an honorary trustee. This fall, CTI will embark on a two-year inquiry into the societal implications of astrobiology—the study of the origins, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. It has received over $1 million from the NASA Astrobiology Program in support of the effort.

WORKING WITH NASA ASTROBIOLOGISTS

“This is a very exciting time for CTI,” Storrar says, eager to share the Center’s plans. “This isn’t about a search for little green men but about the origins of life within the context of new discoveries and the search for the conditions for life elsewhere,” he says. “This will be a pioneering conversation, a deeply philosophical, ethical and legal debate in which assumptions are bound to be challenged.” It is clear that Storrar relishes the sort of sober, thoughtful, and non-sensational dialogue he’s been fostering for over three decades. Before his 2005 appointment as CTI Director, he held the Chair of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology at the University of Edinburgh, where he directed the Centre for Theology and Public Issues. He is also an Extraordinary Professor of the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa and a Magnusson Fellow and Visiting Professor at the Glasgow Caledonian University in his native Scotland. The conversation is timely, given recent discoveries of thousands of extra-solar planets and

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A seminar last November brought CTI fellows together for discussion with Anver Emon (foreground) on the topic of his recent book, Religious Pluralism and Islamic Law: Dhimmis and Others in the Empire of Law (Oxford, 2012).

the ongoing search for potentially habitable environments in our solar system and beyond. Experts in theology, the humanities, and the social sciences will focus on the implications of astrobiology’s current research goals and findings with symposia and video-linked conversations with leading scientists in the field. The focus on astrobiology came about when Storrar and NASA’s senior scientist for astrobiology Mary A. Voytek served together on an advisory committee at the Library of Congress. “The second time we met, we turned to each other with the same thought in mind: that CTI would be a great place for a discussion that brought the multiple perspectives of the humanities to bear on the questions asked by astrobiologists,” recalls Voytek. As one of three distinguished scientists who spoke on “The Search for Biosignatures in our Solar System and Beyond” at a special hearing of the Committee on Science, Space and Technology in December, 2013, Voytek has been responsible for bringing members of the United States House of

Representatives up to date on the latest findings of her science. From Voytek’s perspective, CTI is the perfect place for “questions that have the potential to push up against belief systems. Questions that all of us ask, beginning in childhood with ‘where do I come from.’ Even the ancients looked up into the sky and wondered whether there was life out there,” she says, quoting Daedelus on the myriad of stars. The great inventor is said to have thought that the idea of life being nowhere other than on Earth was as ridiculous as scattering a field with millet seed and finding only one plant comes up. “Astrobiology is attempting to understand the origins of life; we use the word ‘genesis’ quite a lot, and some people might see this as challenging the Bible,” says Voytek. “The collaboration with CTI just fell into place and I am thrilled,” she enthuses. “This will be a genuine interdisciplinary inquiry, allowing the topic to be informed from multiple points of view. We aren’t looking for any particular

outcome; we’ll see where it goes.” “This is a remarkable undertaking for CTI,” agrees Storrar. During the program’s second year, he expects to include philosophers and scholars in literature and the arts, bringing, in effect, interpreters of life into dialogue with scientists of life.

LAW AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

“Somewhat paradoxically,” says Storrar, “CTI is both a place apart and one that reaches out to the wider world.” Take the current inquiry, conducted in cooperation with Princeton University’s Program in Law and Public Affairs, in which twelve scholars, seven in legal studies and five in theology, address the timely topic of “Law and Religious Freedom.” Against the contemporary backdrop of attacks by radicalized Islamic terrorists in Europe and the Middle East and legal and political struggles at home and abroad to negotiate individual and group relations across lines of religious difference, law scholars were lining up to

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participate with experts in post-Soviet Russia, China, Western Europe, southern Africa and the Middle East on such diverse subjects as the legal, political and theological foundations of the right to religious liberty of individuals and of religious communities, ways of understanding and re-envisioning Christian and Islamic theology, and contemporary insights into the interpretation of constitutional and religious texts. “Exposure to different points of view is the real opportunity here,” says Sylvio Ferrari, professor of Canon Law at the University of Milan, who spent his visit examining cases brought before the European Court of Human Rights and the U.S. Supreme Court. In the former, he finds contradictory decisions regarding religious symbolism in public places, parallels of which he observes in the latter’s handling of public displays of the Ten Commandments. As Ferrari points out, and news headlines indicate, there’s a pressing need for understanding law in the context of religion and religion in the context of law. Hot button topics provide for dramatic media coverage but getting to the roots of conflict requires critical thinking about the nature and purpose of law and religious commitment. Interdisciplinary

research and constructive effort by international scholars in both law and religion is needed for laws that preserve religious freedom in a world of multiple religions.

“

We convene leading thinkers in an interdisciplinary research environment where theology makes an impact on global concerns, and we share those discoveries to change the way people think and act. CTI MISSION STATEMENT

”

The distinguished international law scholar Mary Ellen O’Connell is working on research that might ultimately cause a gestalt shift in thinking about law and order, which she is re-envisioning in terms of beauty, symmetry, harmony and peace. Until recently, O’Connell’s work has focused on the use of armed force, so this is something of a departure. At CTI, she’s writing a book tentatively titled The Beauty of Peace. “The challenge for international law is to create laws that are not associated with any particular culture... Common access to a concept like beauty could be used to present the case for international law.”

SINGULAR ENVIRONMENT

Ask the Center’s visitors to describe the place and certain words frequently crop up: respect, cutting-edge, international, welcoming, synergy, open, supportive, safe. “Law scholars are often adversarial so it’s a breath of fresh air to be at CTI, which fosters a uniquely supportive and safe environment for open dialogue on subjects that can be deeply politically sensitive,” says international law scholar Peter Danchin, professor of law and director of the international comparative law program at the University of Maryland. “Such questions require a lot of labor as well as openness to the world, so it is important to have someone as wise and as calm as Robin Lovin to ensure open dialogue. The weekly colloquium, where there are no outsiders and the papers are not public, is a place to ask questions without fear of judgment.” Theologian John Burgess enlarges Danchin’s observation: “Much like contemporary society, the academic world today can very quickly become polarized, even oppositional, with people defending their points of view; at CTI there is a strong sense of collaboration; it’s a real treat to hear from legal scholars I don’t usually come into contact with.”

Robin Lovin (center), Princeton Seminar November 2014.

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CTI scholars meet regularly for discussion around the table in the Center’s library.

Because most of its participating scholars are in residence at the Center for the better part of a year, there is time for collegial connections to be made, which in turn fosters the sort of fresh thinking about the “big questions” of human purpose that CTI is known for. “Will’s personal generosity of spirit and lack of pretension embodies what is so distinctive about CTI as an open intellectual space, and that is uncommon. It is not pretentious and yet has a degree of formality that I enjoy,” says Danchin. As many scholars have observed, hyper-specialization has become a feature of academia over the last 50 years. While such specialization results in advances, it comes at the cost of isolation in the disciplines and a narrowing of perspectives. “You need places in the world where people’s beliefs and values and how they affect their attitudes to things like the climate or poverty or suffering are dealt with. CTI is one such place,” says Storrar.

GOOD COMPANY

If a man is known by the company he keeps, then a measure of CTI’s worth might well be drawn from

the list of its visitors—eminent public figures such as the legal and political philosopher Jeremy Waldron and leading literary light Marilynne Robinson, whose writings brings theology into the public discourse through essays and novels that include Gilead, Housekeeping and most recently Lila. Robinson felt at home at the Center as a Distinguished Visiting Scholar. “Open” is the word she used. Storrar invited her after reading her book of essays, Death of Adam. “She is a remarkable conversation partner,” he says. Like Robinson, CTI scholars are all accomplished listeners. And that is no accident. “We look for scholars who demonstrate intellectual flexibility and empathy, scholars who are willing to live with uncertainty and ambiguity and to be able to tolerate, and even be stimulated by, questions that are not well-formed at the outset,” explains Lovin. By all accounts, CTI offers a unique environment for academic inquiry. But neither Storrar nor Lovin want it to stay that way. Rather their hope is that the Center will inspire similar places where advanced thinking in theology can become a part of the intellectual landscape across the globe, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

“If you want to affect what happens in the world, you have to change ideas, the way that people think; at their best that is what scholars do,” says Lovin, adding “CTI tries to be a place where scholars can be at their best.” The Center of Theological Inquiry at 50 Stockton Street is an independent educational institution for all backgrounds and communities wishing to engage with theology. It has close ties with research programs at Princeton University and historic links with the Princeton Theological Seminary which provides CTI scholars with access to its library. It has an annual endowed lecture that is open to the public, the William Witherspoon Lecture, hosts regular meetings of a community reading group and invites the public to tea and conversation with one of its resident scholars from time to time. For more information, visit: www.ctinquiry.org.

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| CULTURAL EVENTS APRIL 19 APRIL 12

MAY 13

M A R K YO U R

CALENDAR M U S I C | B O O K S | T H E AT R E | L E C T U R E S | S P O R T S APRIL 10

FRIDAY, APRIL 10

FRIDAY, APRIL 17

SUNDAY, APRIL 19

12:30PM Gallery talk at the Princeton University Art

10AM–2PM The Rescue Mission of Trenton’s 100th

9:30AM–4PM Looking for the perfect wedding

Museum titled, “Night Prints from Dürer to Goya.” http://artmuseum.princeton.edu

destination? Visit the 7th Annual Wedding Road Show in Long Beach Island, the Jersey Shore’s premier wedding planning event. www.visitlbiregion.com

10AM–4PM Plan It Bridal Expo at Quakerbridge Mall in Lawrenceville. www.simon.com/mall/quaker-bridge-mall

Anniversary. The theme of the centennial is “Rebuilding Lives – Making Miracles Happen.” The event will take place at the Cracker Factory Building in Trenton, which has since been remodeled into a premier “green” housing development. www.rescuemissionoftrenton. org/100

11AM 4th Annual Melanoma Awareness Walk

6PM Princeton University Men’s Lacrosse vs. Harvard

SATURDAY, APRIL 11

presented by the Princeton Center for Dermatology. This family and pet-friendly 3-mile walk begins and ends at the East Picnic area in Mercer Park in West Windsor. www.princetonderm.com

6:30PM Princeton Symphony Orchestra’s 2015 Gala, “A Night in Old Vienna” at Jasna Polana in Princeton. Includes musical entertainment by the PSO, champagne and gourmet delicacies. http:// princetonsymphony.org

SUNDAY, APRIL 12 7AM The Rutgers UNITE Half Marathon and 8K through the New Brunswick campus of Rutgers University. www.cgiracing.com/unite

8AM–6PM Princeton University Men’s Golf Invitational at

University at Princeton’s 1952 Stadium. www. goprincetontigers.com

SATURDAY, APRIL 18 6PM Pinot to Picasso, the Arts Council of Princeton’s annual fundraiser. Enjoy delicious food, wine, and live music. www.artscouncilofprinceton.org 7PM The Brick Farm Market of Hopewell hosts a “Savory & Sweet Dinner” prepared by Executive Chef Chase Gerstenbacher and Pastry Chef Michael Finehirsh. www. brickfarmmarket.com 7–11PM “A Night in Monte Carlo” fundraiser for the SAI Bridge to the Arts Camp, which provides summer-long art programs to Trenton youth. The event will be held at Mountain View Golf Club in Ewing. www.storytellingarts.net

Springdale Golf Course. www.goprincetontigers.com

10AM Annual Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival at the Morris Arboretum at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia (through April 18). www.upenn.edu

THURSDAY, APRIL 16 11AM–4PM Princeton Winter Farmers Market inside of the Princeton Public Library. www. princetonfarmersmarket.com

MAY 2

MONDAY, APRIL 20 6–8PM TEDx Talk at the Princeton Public Library on STEM education at the elementary and high school levels. The evening will include a presentation by Dr. Patty Fagin and a moderated discussion on the subject of STEM education. www.princetonlibrary.org

TUESDAY, APRIL 21 6PM Labyrinth Books of Princeton welcomes Eric Foner, author of Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad. www.labyrinthbooks.com

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23 8:30AM Start of the 2015 Spring Lake 5 Mile Run. www. springlake5.org

FRIDAY, APRIL 24 7:30PM Princeton Opera Alliance presents Idomeneo at the Princeton Meadow Church and Event Center. The opera will be sung in Italian with English supertitles. www.princetonopera.org

SATURDAY, APRIL 25 1–5PM Shad Fest in downtown Lambertville. The event includes live music, local arts and crafts, and dining (also on Sunday, April 26). www.shadfest.com

2PM Wildﬂowers Walk led by naturalist Jared Rosenbaum at the Somerset County Sourland Mountain Preserve. Traverse the boulder-strewn landscape and enjoy the season’s ﬁrst blooms. www.sourland.org

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APRIL 26

MAY 2

MAY29

MAY 16

MAY 2

SUNDAY, APRIL 26 Noon The 40th Annual Bucks County Designer House & Gardens Tour at Villa d’Braccia, a 7,800 sq. ft. Mediterranean villa set on 4 acres in Chalfont, Pa. The home will form the backdrop for extraordinary work by top area designers and landscapers (through Saturday, May 30). www.buckscountydesignerhouse.org

MAY 28

1PM The Central Jersey Orchid Society hosts their annual orchid auction at the Princeton Senior Resource Center, located at 45 Stockton Street in Princeton. Thousands of orchids from around the world for both novice and experienced growers. www.centraljerseyorchids.org

SUNDAY, MAY 3

1–6PM Communiversity Festival of the Arts in downtown Princeton features over 200 outdoor booths showcasing local art, merchandise, breweries, and cuisine. www.artscouncilofprinceton.org/ communiversity

9AM Join Main Street Highland Park for a day of fun starting with the Run in the Park 5K, which heads towards New Brunswick and ﬁnishes on the Highland Park high school track. http://runinthepark.org

SATURDAY, MAY 2

6PM “Night of Shining Stars” beneﬁt for the Boys & Girls Club of Mercer County at the Hyatt Regency Princeton. www.bgcmercer.org

8:30AM NAMI Mercer Walk 2015 at ETS on Rosedale Road in Princeton. Music and wellness activities will follow the race/walk. www.namimercer.org

10AM–5PM Opening day for the Morven in May Craft Show & Plant Sale, a celebration of art, craft, and garden at Morven Museum in Princeton (also on Sunday, May 3). www.morven.org

THURSDAY, MAY 7

SATURDAY, MAY 9 9AM–2PM Mother’s Day Brunch at Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library (also on Sunday, May 10). www. winterthur.org

10AM–5PM Kite Day at Terhune Orchards in Princeton.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 13

Bring your own kite to ﬂy over the farm or purchase one from the Farm Store. Enjoy country cooking, live music, and sheep shearing (also on Sunday, May 3). www.terhuneorchards.com

day event includes exclusive wine tastings, dining, and social events throughout the island of Nantucket (through Sunday, May 17). www.nantucketwinefestival.com

10AM–8PM Strawberry Festival at Peddler’s Village in Lahaska, Pa. Pie eating contests, strawberries served up in various forms, and juried art exhibitions (also on Sunday, May 3). www.peddlersvillage.com

12:30–4:30PM Washington Crossing Brewfest in Washington Crossing, Pa. Sample beers from more than 60 national and regional breweries. www. visitbuckscounty.com

5PM Start of the 2015 Nantucket Wine Festival. The multi-

SATURDAY, MAY 16 11AM Moravian Pottery and Tile Works Festival in Doylestown, Pa. (also on Sunday, May 17). www. buckscounty.org

MONDAY, MAY 18 7:30PM McCarter Theatre welcomes storyteller, poet, essayist, and humorist Garrison Keillor. www.mccarter.org

SATURDAY, MAY 23 7:30PM The Philly POPS Orchestra performs at Longwood Gardens in Kennett Square, Pa. www. longwoodgardens.org

THURSDAY, MAY 28 ALL DAY Reunions Weekend at Princeton University. The celebrations attract nearly 25,000 alumni, family, and friends for picnics, parties, concerts, dancing, and the iconic P-rade (through Sunday, May 31). http:// alumni.princeton.edu

FRIDAY, MAY 29 8PM The historic Princeton Triangle Show at McCarter Theatre of Princeton (also on Saturday, May 30). www. mccarter.org

TUESDAY, JUNE 2 11AM Princeton University’s 2015 Commencement Ceremonies and address by President Eisgruber. www. princeton.edu/commencement

THURSDAY, JUNE 4 ALL DAY Spring Lake Historical Society House Tour. Come visit a selection of beautifully appointed historic homes in New Jersey’s “town by the sea.” www. visitspringlake.com

6PM State Theatre of New Jersey’s 2015 Beneﬁt Gala with Beach Boys co-founder Brian Wilson. Enjoy the Brian Wilson concert, post-concert reception, and black tie dinner dance. www.statetheatrenj.org

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