Princeton Magazine, Summer, 2024.

summer 2024

Barbara Piasecka Johnson and The Saga of Jasna Polana

on the coveR: Barbara “Basia” Piasecka Johnson photographed for Vanity Fair magazine in 1986 at Jasna Polana in Princeton. ( Photo by Harry Benson/Contour by Getty Images ) summer 2024

the saga of jasna polana BY anne levin

A Look Back at the Story Behind the Famed Property 12

gRaZIng thRoUgh the hIstoRY of centRal neW jeRseY DaIRY faRMs BY WenDY GReenBeRG 24

foRWaRD-thInkIng InnovatoRs fRoM neW jeRseY BY DOnalD H. SanBORn iii Edison, Bell Labs, Sarnoff, and More 36

3D pRIntIng BY TaYlOR SMiTH At the Digital Forefront of Creative and Technological Design 48

ReX goReleIgh BY ilene DUBe

Harlem Renaissance Artist Paved the Way for Arts Education in Princeton 56

book scene BY STUaRT MiTCHneR Ocean Adventures — Shipwrecks, Mutinies, & Survival at Sea 64

tURnIng toWaRD a healthIeR lIfestYle thRoUgh MInDfUl nUtRItIon BY MaRY aBiTanTO 68 a Well-DesIgneD lIfe BY lYnn aDaMS SMiTH 78, 80

PUBLISHER

J. Robert Hillier, Lh.D., FAIA

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Lynn Adams Smith

OPERATIONS DIRECTOR

Melissa Bilyeu

ART DIRECTOR

Jeffrey Edward Tryon

GRAPHIC DESIGNERS

Vaughan Burton

Damien Moshman

PHOTOGRAPHERS

Mary Abitanto

Jeffrey Edward Tryon

EDITOR

Laurie Pellichero

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Anne Levin

Mary Abitanto

Ilene Dube

Wendy Greenberg

Stuart Mitchner

Donald H. Sanborn III

Taylor Smith

William Uhl

ACCOUNT MANAGERS

Jennifer Covill

Tracey Sugar

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Dear Readers,

Welcome to your Summer issue of Princeton Magazine. Normally, this letter would come from Editor-in-Chief Lynn Adams Smith, but given my long life in Princeton, Lynn thought that I would be a better person to review this issue of the magazine with you. Rather than the usual summary of what you can expect to read in the pages that follow, I thought I would write this letter as a more personal recollection of experiences related to the stories in this issue.

With “The Saga of Jasna Polana,” I had a very good friend, Carl Abrams, who was the electrical contractor on the project. Carl was very proud of the electrical control room in the basement of Jasna Polana and he wanted me to see it. So, he invited me to lunch and a tour of his workmanship. We drove into the courtyard of the mansion, parked, and as we were walking toward the house we saw a furniture truck with workmen unloading a spectacularly beautiful dining set of a table and 12 very elegant chairs.

I saw Carl’s electrical control room, was suitably impressed, and then we spent an hour walking through the house. As we were returning to the car, we saw the men loading that beautiful dining set back into the truck. I asked, “How come?” and the driver of the truck said Mrs. Johnson told him, “Get that crap out of here and fast! I don’t like it!” I won’t repeat the other four-letter words that he said had come with that instruction!

In “Forward Thinking Innovators from New Jersey,” you’ll see that I provided a lot of the material and am quoted in the article. What I would like to add in this letter is that my father was an amazing artist and, working with pastels, everything he drew was a very accurate rendition, including a portrait of my mother that now hangs in the gallery named for her at the West Windsor Arts Center.

Dairy farms may be part of our history, but “3D Printing: At the Digital Forefront of Creative and Technological Design” is definitely part of our future. As architects we used to build models out of cardboard, and more permanent models for marketing or historic displays were made with basswood. The job was usually assigned to summer interns or graduates just out of school. Today’s graduates are so digitally savvy that computers build the models for them.

A few years back my office had a huge pre-Christmas presentation of both boards with drawings and a model. On a Saturday I was Christmas shopping at a mall and saw two kids and the young designer to whom I had entrusted the entire presentation. I asked, “What are you doing here? Who’s working on our presentation?” His response was, “I’ve got four computers doing the renderings, and the 3D printer will have the model done by 2 a.m. tonight!”

Cookbook author Mary Abitanto has written “Turning Toward a Healthier Lifestyle Through Mindful Nutrition,” which includes some terrific recipes. During last month’s Reunions Weekend, as President of the Princeton Class of 1959, celebrating its 65th reunion, University President Chris Eisgruber presented me with a book, How We Age: The Science of Longevity, by Coleen T. Murphy. It’s all about how to live longer, perhaps to 100!

In “Grazing Through the History of Central New Jersey Dairy Farms,” you will learn about Walker-Gordon Farm and its modern concept of producing milk that was healthy and safe through an assembly line approach, which ended with an amazing machine known as the Rotolactor.

What the story doesn’t tell you, but I will, is that the Rotolactor was where undergraduates, including yours truly, took their dates at 2 a.m. after every bar and restaurant in Princeton had closed. After all, women were not allowed in the Princeton dorms after 7 p.m. and, if you got caught breaking that rule, you were promptly expelled. So why not spend the rest of the night watching cows getting milked!

I don’t have any stories about Rex Goreleigh except that he was very approachable by all students. One day, on a bike ride, I dropped into a really cool abandoned industrial shop on the D&R Canal in Griggstown. It was Goreleigh’s studio at the time. He could not have been more cordial, and it was there that I learned that he knew how to accurately imitate every possible painting style.

Stuart Mitchner’s Book Scene about oceans is truly amazing, and you can spend all summer reading on the beach with what Stuart has reported and recommended.

My only personal connection with that topic was my MFA thesis at Princeton on the design of a National Oceanographic Center for Woods Hole, Mass. It was a design based on educating the public through entertainment. The AIA chose it as the Best Thesis in the country and it was displayed in Washington, D.C., for the summer of 1961.

In closing, you must visit Lynn Adams Smith’s “A WellDesigned Life” pages. On page 78 you will see a beautiful woven chandelier. Please then go to the Table of Contents on page 6 and see how our Art Director, Jeff Tryon, has linked that chandelier with the sweater worn by Barbara Johnson. That is why he is our Art Director!

Please forgive the very personal aspects of this letter and get into enjoying reading the articles themselves. That’s what Lynn and I really hope you will do. Enjoy our writers’ efforts along with your summer.

Respectfully yours,

J. Robert Hillier, Lh.D., FAIA Publisher

photography

The Saga of Jasna Polana

A Look Back at the Story Behind the Famed Property

By Anne Levin

Last fall, the luxury golf club Jasna Polana was listed for sale. Set on 222 park-like acres bordered by Route 206 and Province Line Road, the property boasts an 18-hole Tournament Players Course designed by golf great Gary Player, and a palatial, 46,000-squarefoot clubhouse.

Jasna, pronounced “yasna,” has earned a reputation for its meticulously manicured fairways, lush setting, challenging greens, and pricey entrance fee. But the expansive, gated property is best known — or notorious — for the chapter of its history that preceded the creation of the golf club in 1998.

Johnson & Johnson (J&J) pharmaceutical heir J. Seward Johnson Sr. and his third wife Barbara “Basia” Piasecka, who was 42 years his junior, built the lavish estate in the mid-1970s, sparing no expense. After Johnson died at the age of 88 in 1983, the probate battle that raged between the widow and his six children made international headlines and racked up legal bills of more than $24 million, according to Undue Influence: The Epic Battle for the Johnson & Johnson Fortune by New York Times reporter David Margolick, who wrote the exhaustive account in 1993.

Though already millionaires many times over, the trust-funded siblings claimed that their father had left virtually all his $400 million fortune to Basia because she had manipulated him into doing so.

Barbara Piasecka Johnson, left, widow of J. Seward Johnson, celebrates her "victory" in front of her mansion gate in Princeton, N.J., June 4, 1986. ( AP Photo/Jack Kanthal )

s culpture, Italian, 16th century. ( Sotheby's Auction House )

A pair of gilt-bronze wall lights, Louis XV, c. 1745. ( Sotheby's Auction House )

“The will contest that followed was the largest, costliest, ugliest, most spectacular, and most conspicuous in American history,” Margolick writes in the book’s prelude. “But Basia survived

what she called her ‘American hell,’ and when she walked out of Surrogate’s Court in June 1986, nearly three years after the battle began, her fingers raised in the sign of victory, she was one of the world’s

wealthiest women, a person whose fortune and good fortune seemed to guarantee her a life of nearly limitless possibilities.”

The saga dates from 1968, the year that 31-year-old Basia, who came from

Views of the building and grounds at Jasna Polana. ( Photos courtesy of Jasna Polana )

Wedding views at Jasna Polana. ( Photos courtesy of Jasna Polana )

modest means but with a master’s degree in art history, left her native Poland — first for Rome, and then for the U.S. She spent one night in a dingy New York hotel before making some connections that led her to be hired as a cook by Johnson’s then-wife Esther “Essie” Underwood Johnson, at their home in Oldwick. But Basia wasn’t much good in the kitchen, so Essie soon switched her to housework.

It wasn’t long before Johnson, a known philanderer who looked and acted younger than his 73 years, fell for the attractive new maid.

According to Margolick, Johnson first set eyes on Basia while cutting through the kitchen one morning on the way to his office. “‘My wife told me we have a pretty cook,’ he said to her pleasantly, as Essie stood not far away. “I’m Mr. Johnson. I hope you will be happy here.”

By the time Basia left Oldwick a year later to take art classes in Manhattan, Johnson was completely smitten. He set her up in an apartment, and soon joined her there. He divorced Essie, and married Basia in 1971.

bought the property from her son for $1 million.

The newlyweds began to amass a valuable collection of art, from paintings and Flemish tapestries to 18th-century furniture and drawings by Rembrandt, Botticelli, and Fra Angelico. They owned properties in several locations, but they wanted to build a home not far from J&J’s New Brunswick headquarters that could keep these treasures secure.

“Hilltop,” a 140-acre property between Princeton and Lawrenceville with rolling hills, meadows, brooks, and bridle paths, was just the thing. After the death of owner Mrs. Ferdinand White Sr., Johnson

And so the five-year project began. Almost immediately, the property was fenced off. The Johnsons hired architect Wallace K. Harrison, designer of the United Nations headquarters and the Metropolitan Opera House, to create Jasna Polana — which means “bright glade” in Polish.

But before the house was completed, Harrison removed his name from the project. Apparently, Basia was not an easy client.

The accounts of her efforts to build “the biggest and best house in the world,” according to Margolick’s book, are incredible. “The new house would be a monument to her megalomania,” he writes. Indeed, it was one of the most expensive private homes in the U.S.

The mansion was more than 50,000 square feet, but it only had two bedrooms — and 32 bathrooms. There were 15 fireplaces, one cellar for wine and another for artworks, an air-conditioned doghouse, and a breakfast room imported from Poland. Basia hired some 60 people to run the place: maintenance workers, groundskeepers, farmers, maids, and security personnel.

According to Margolick, costs for construction and plantings around the estate were estimated around $18 million by 1975. The finest materials were shipped from all over the world. Walls were built to Basia’s specifications, then torn down and rebuilt when she wasn’t satisfied with the results. Changes to the stonework alone totaled some $284,000. Antique fireplaces from Europe were repeatedly assembled, then taken apart and reassembled until they met her standards. A servants’ wing was built and then demolished to make room for a spacious dining room that could accommodate up to 200 people.

A carved oak “Beeldenkast,” Netherlandish, first half 17th century. A mahogany longcase clock, Nathaniel Brown, m anchester. ( Sotheby's Auction House )

The Madonna and Child with the Infant Baptist and Saints Francis and Catherine by Giovanni Francesco romanelli (Viterbo 1610-1662). ( Christie’s )

A painting by Jan Baptist van Fornenburgh. ( Sotheby's Auction House )

The imposing staircase was meant to look as though it had been carved out of one piece of travertine. If Basia saw or felt any seams in the material, she screamed at the workmen. She ordered changes to newly installed doors, switches, and trees, sometimes involving just a fraction of an inch.

Understandably, Johnson was obsessed with security. The project was veiled in secrecy at first, and press coverage was not welcomed. But several outlets managed some coverage of the ongoing process. The Princeton Packet estimated a $17 million price tag for the project. The New York

Daily News ran a column in January 1975 by “Suzy” headlined “That’s a lot of Band-Aids.” In an early issue of People magazine, reporter Richard Rein, who went on to found US1 newspaper and is currently the editor of the TapintoPrinceton news site, managed to speak with Johnson after calling him directly at Fort Pierce, his home in Florida. Johnson answered the phone himself.

Rein asked Johnson if Jasna Polana would one day become a museum. “I just want to live with some pictures, that’s all,” Johnson snapped back. “Whatever I have, I want to live with — privately.” Rein described Basia as “an aloof chatelaine who has few friends,” and quoted a workman as saying, “A jackhammer comes in handy around here,” referring to her tendency to order things redone. Once the mansion

was completed in May 1978, the Johnsons brought famed chef Paul Bocuse over from France, complete with crew, to cater the dinner for their opening party. The list of invitees included such notables as President and Mrs. Jimmy Carter, Energy Secretary Cyrus Vance, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Governor and Mrs. Brendan Byrne, and Mr. and Mrs. Walter Cronkite. But so few of them accepted that Basia had to scramble to find lesser celebrities to invite. The party was less of a success than she had hoped.

During Johnson’s last years of battling prostate cancer, Basia is described as doting and devoted. Before he died, Johnson had rewritten his will numerous times. When he finally succumbed on May 23,1983 and his children were informed the final terms of the will, the soap opera began.

It was three years, and millions of dollars in legal fees, before the trial began in the New

Hispano-Netherlandish s chool, 16th century. A triptych: central panel: The Pietà; the wings: s aints Francis of Assisi and Antony of Padua. ( Christie’s )

Above: A Flemish biblical tapestry. Audenarde, third quarter 16th century. Below: A George Iii silver salver. m ark of John Carter, London, 1767. Lower right: A continental silver-gilt and enamel chalice. Late 15th/early 16th century. ( Christie’s )

York City courtroom of Surrogate Court Judge Marie M. Lambert. The children portrayed Basia as an opportunist who bullied their father into signing virtually everything over to her. Basia, in turn, described them as greedy and spoiled. Basia’s lawyers tried to get Lambert to recuse herself, accusing her of favoritism toward the siblings.

Each side produced witnesses attesting to Basia’s treatment of her husband. On the children’s side, there were exemployees who said she berated, and even beat him. Basia’s defenders claimed she treated him with love and kindness.

An out-of-court settlement was reached in June 1986. Basia got $350 million, and the children got $5.9 million each. The Harbor Branch Foundation, an oceanographic research center Johnson had founded, received $20 million. Each side claimed victory. Tellingly, Lambert and the jurors attended the celebratory party held by the siblings.

Basia also got Jasna Polana and all of its furnishings. But after the trial, she spent most of her time living in Monaco. She also kept homes in Poland and Italy. Once she decided to turn the estate into a luxury golf club, she returned once or twice a year and stayed in a private suite. Converting the two-bedroom mansion to a glamorous clubhouse did not require an extensive renovation. The library and living areas became a formal dining room, and the kitchen was upgraded for commercial use. Guest suites were turned into the women’s locker room.

Basia never married again. Her death notice mentions the Barbara Piasecka Johnson Foundation, which “assists students and professionals from Poland in continuing their studies in the United States.”

Poland’s Solidarity movement was another focus of her support. Basia was featured on the cover of the New York Times Magazine with Lech Walesa in 1989, when she tried to rescue the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk, Poland.

“What’s a delicate woman like you doing in a shipyard with cranes and rusting metal?” he asked her in the article. “You belong in a garden of flowers, or in a coffee shop, with me.”

But the honeymoon didn’t last. Basia promised to invest up to $100 million in the shipyard, but the deal fell through when she asked for too many concessions from the workers.

On April 1, 2013, Basia died at the age of 76 after an unspecified illness. Describing her after the trial, Margolick summed her up:

“The Basia that emerged from the case was alternately compassionate and cruel, cunning and naive, loyal and fickle, generous and selfish, explosive and meek, articulate and tongue-tied, helpmate and tormentor, cheerful country girl and urbane shrew, someone who spent her husband’s final weeks either wiping his rectum or circling in auction-house catalogs the antiques she would soon buy with his money.”

A view of the golf course at Jasna Polana. ( Photo courtesy of Jasna Polana )

Finish to Match Hardware: Patented “Soft Close” Hinges

GrazinG ThrouGh The hisTory oF

CENTRAl NEw JERsEy DAIRy FARMs

By Wendy GreenBerG

on a recent overcast day, the cows at Cherry Grove Farm on Route 206 in Lawrence Township were lying down in the meadow expecting the rain that eventually came. Cherry Grove, on land owned by the same family since 1902, is one of the few dairy farms in Mercer County and nearby. The farm doesn’t bottle milk, as many local farmers used to, but in 2002 the Hamill family began making farmstead cheese in-house.

Fulper Family Farmstead in Lambertville began in 1909 with one cow. In the 1940s the farmers were milking 20 cows by hand, according to their website, and by the 1950s, 80 cows were milked in a stateof-the-art milking parlor. Today, the fifth generation of Fulpers runs the farm.

But these and a few others in the area, like Hun-Val Dairy Farm in Ringoes, are an exception. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported last year that the U.S. has lost more than half its dairy farms in the past two decades. More farmers are reaching retirement age, while others are consolidating operations with larger farms.

of milk, according to the most recent USDA census, as reported by the state Department of Agriculture. It also has a storied history, one in which gentlemen farmers raised prized cows on the grounds of mansions, and where families might make a day of visiting the Walker-Gordon Dairy Farm in Plainsboro, entering a visitor’s observation room with colored tile panels depicting the history of bovine agriculture (made by the Mueller Mosaic Company of Trenton) and drinking water from a fountain depicting a cow head.

Milk fro M the far M

That story begins in the 19th century with the poor quality of raw milk — which humans drank for thousands of

was milk from dairy cows that were fed leftover mash from Manhattan and Brooklyn whiskey distilleries. Feeding the “swill” – or leftover spent grain — to dairy cows was a regular practice.

When pasteurization answered the question of how to clean and commercialize the dirty milk, the question remained of how to best produce the milk in hygienic conditions. In response, Thomas M. Rotch, a Harvard-educated pediatrician originally from Philadelphia, partnered with scientist Gustavus A. Gordon, in Massachusetts, to develop a cow’s milk that more closely resembled human milk. George H. Walker, a businessman, supplied financing, and the first laboratory opened in Boston on December 1, 1891. The Walker-Gordon Laboratory Company, as it was called, tried to produce milk under the cleanest conditions possible. The company opened a laboratory in New York in 1893, but eventually concluded that the source of milk — healthy cows and clean conditions — would be significant.

In the 1950s and 60s, New Jersey had more than 500 dairy farms, some delivering fresh milk to homes, in glass bottles in metal boxes on doorsteps. The latest figures show that in New Jersey, 36 dairy farms ship milk commercially, although the full count may be about 50. This is even down from 2017, when a USDA census had 69 dairy farms remaining in New Jersey.

The dairy industry in New Jersey — where the sale of raw milk is prohibited — is adding $22 million to the state’s economy, producing 120 million pounds

years. Pasteurization of milk (in which it is treated with mild heat to eliminate pathogens) came about in the late 1800s and early 1900s; by 1910 pasteurization was mandatory in New York City.

But in the mid-1800s in America some raw milk was being produced in highly populated cities, where cows were kept in filthy areas closer to transportation.

According to the Raw Milk Institute, in an article by Sarah Smith, these “city” cows were being fed byproducts from local alcohol distilleries, and raw milk became the source of diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid, diphtheria, and scarlet fever. Swill milk, as it was called,

In 1897 they purchased 40 acres in Plainsboro, an area at the time partly in Cranbury and partly in South Brunswick. As noted by Plainsboro historian Bill Hart in an interview, and in the Images of America book on Plainsboro (Arcadia Publishing), “Walker-Gordon has played a huge role in Plainsboro. Plainsboro was a speck in the late 1800s. What changed it was Walker-Gordon.”

The land was located off Plainsboro Road, behind what is now Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center, and where a housing development is today. Hart explained that Plainsboro was near a train line, the Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike, and the D & R Canal for shipping, and halfway between New York City and Philadelphia.

“People were looking at bad quality milk, babies were dying,” Hart said. “Walker-Gordon wanted to create a certified milk with higher standards.”

Walker Gordon’s rotolactor in operation. s chool buses, tour buses, and families accounted for approximately 250,000 visitors annually. ( Photo courtesy of Dr. Edward E. Tindall, co-author of “Walker-Gordon: One of a Kind” )

The h enry Jeffers e ra

In 1898, Walker-Gordon Laboratory Company hired Henry Jeffers Sr., a visionary who had a degree in agriculture from Cornell University. “They picked the right person,” said Hart. Jeffers was elected in 1919 as the first mayor of Plainsboro, when it became its own municipality.

At Walker-Gordon, milkers were hired, barns were built, and standards were applied. Veterinarians checked cows for bacteria, said Hart. Staff washed the cows’ udders before milking. “Nobody else was doing this,” he said.

According to the book, doctors gave employees a medical checkup twice a month, and milkers wore sterilized white uniforms. The first milk drawn from a cow was inspected and discarded. Bottles were sealed, packed in ice, and shipped on an express train twice a day.

Walker-Gordon, under Jeffers, was changing the field. For example, he invented a calculator that determined a cow’s feeding requirements. According to Hart, Walker-Gordon studied cows’ nutritional needs, discovering that dehydrated alfalfa provided more vitamin

A than sun-dried alfalfa. By 1929, 40 acres had become 2,300, and 35 cows grew to 1,650 cows. Operations were decentralized, Hart said, and tenant farmers rented land,

a house, and barn; and were guaranteed a price for the silage they grew. “In the

depression, Plainsboro farmers did not suffer as much,” Hart said.

“Cows were also decentralized. Dairymen provided cows to WalkerGordon in units of 50 and were paid based on how much milk they produced.”

As noted by Smith in the Raw Milk Institute article, “The cows were attended 24 hours a day by Walker-Gordon herdsmen in barns holding 50 cows with constant attention to keeping the cows bedded on fresh peanut shell bedding and groomed, with ever present fresh water on demand, and fed grain and excellent alfalfa hay year-round.”

But the best was yet to come. In 1912 or 1913, after a trip to Europe, Jeffers began musing on how cows followed each other. “He came up with the idea that you could walk them onto a merry go round apparatus, and milk them that way,” said Hart.

Development of what was eventually called the Rotolactor was interrupted by World War I, but by 1930 the Rotary Combine Milking System prototype could milk 50 cows at a time. New Jersey Gov. Morgan Larson came for the Rotolactor launch, and Thomas Edison,

Henry Jeffers s r. ( Wicoff House Museum )

Photographs of Walker-Gordon Farm. ( Wicoff House Museum )

who could not be there in person because he was ill, pushed a telegraph key from his home to start the Rotolactor. The milk was going from the cow straight to the bottle, with less time to spoil.

Elsi E Tak E s T h E sTag E

In 1929, Borden bought the stock in Walker-Gordon, and the rights to the Rotolactor. A smaller version (with 12 cows) was shown at the 1939 World’s Fair in Queen’s New York, where 200,000 people saw it. Hart said it “became the most popular display at the World’s Fair.”

But everyone asked which cow was Elsie the Cow, the Borden advertising “spokescow.” Borden recruited a Jersey heifer and dubbed her Elsie (even though her real name was You’ll Do Lobelia). She roomed at Walker-Gordon Farm.

For starters, you have to realize that milk wasn’t always the revered liquid we know. At the turn of the century it was germy, perishable stuff. But in 1891 George H. Walker and Gustavus E. Gordon founded

Elsie became a star. She was in the 1940 film Little Men , a sequel to Little Women , as Buttercup the Cow, and has an entry in the Internet Movie Database. In 1999 a New York Times article by Neil Genzlinger wrote that “Elsie-mania once swept the land in a way that’s hard to fathom today.

the Walker-Gordon Laboratory in Boston. Their aim was to make cow’s milk more suitable for humans.”

Elsie “got married” to Elmer the Bull (who promoted glue) and they had a baby, Beulah. A boudoir was built, and she began to travel and raise money for war

bonds. Sadly, on her way to a Broadway appearance, her trailer was hit by a truck and she died in 1941. Her grave marker is in Plainsboro. An image of Elsie is still used on the label for Borden dairy products, and in 2000 Advertising Age recognized Elsie the Cow as one of the top 10 advertising icons of all time.

Meanwhile, in the mid-1900s Walker-Gordon could not compete with cheaper land prices in the Midwest and the South, said Hart. “By the 1960s, shortages in farm labor and price wars in the milk industry were driving costs up and profits down at Walker-Gordon,” he wrote. “On June 18, 1971, Walker Gordon milked its last cow, and Walker-Gordon dairy functions ceased.”

Some of the history is retained at the Plainsboro Wicoff House Museum. There, museum Director Kate Nolan showed Jeffer’s calculator, boots worn by Elsie the Cow, and a suitcase with her name on it. Walker-Gordon, Nolan said, “was considered the best farm in the world for certified milk.”

e lsie the Cow posing with caretakers. ( Edith Sprague Collection/Wicoff House Museum )

Walker-Gordon Bottling was done immediately adjacent to the rotolactor. ( Photo courtesy of Dr. Edward E. Tindall, co-author of “Walker-Gordon: One of a Kind” )

This Princeton property was a former barn at the Drumthwacket estate. (Photos courtesy of Callaway Henderson Sotheby’s International Realty)

Gentlemen Farmers

Walker-Gordon was not the only dairy farm in the area. By 1900, affluent men including financier Junius Spencer Morgan, art historian Allan Marquand, industrialist and banker Moses Taylor Pyne, and financier and philanthropist Archibald Russell purchased farms to combine into estates that included model dairy farms, according to the Historical Society of Princeton.

At Pyne’s Drumthwacket, a farmer raised champion cows like Alfalfa Farm Flutie and her calf, Flying Horse Bandmaster.

Pyne purchased Drumthwacket in 1893, and enlarged and transformed the estate. With immense wealth, he could add two wings to the house in 1893 and 1900, designed by Raleigh C. Gildersleeve. Pyne added hundreds of acres to include park-like landscaping, greenhouses, bridle paths, a formal Italianate gardens, and a dairy farm, according to The Drumthwacket Foundation. The Drumthwacket cow barn was on the site of a six-bedroom family home.

Russell bred Ayrshire cattle at Edgerstoune and Sen. John McPherson imported black-and-white Holstein cows

from Europe at cattle farms in Belle Mead, Montgomery Township. McPherson, who served in the U.S. Senate from 1877-1895, was a former butcher who developed enhanced sanitation in slaughterhouses.

The lower farm at Russell’s lavish 274acre Edgerstoune Estate stretched from beyond Rosedale Road to King’s Highway or Route 206, now known as Greenway Meadows Park.

Edgerstoune was nestled behind trees near Drumthwacket. Russell’s brother-in-law was Moses Taylor Pine, and the two homes were among the most impressive in the area. Today Edgerstoune is part of The Hun School.

J. seward Johnson sr.’s brother, General robert Wood Johnson, maintained his estate in Princeton on a former farm that is now D&r Greenway’s Johnson education Center and Greenway meadows Park. (Photos courtesy of D&R Greenway Land Trust)

Atherton Hobler, a founder of Benton & Bowles Advertising in New York City, came to Montgomery Township to look at farm property when two of his sons were attending Princeton University. He moved a herd of 60 cattle from Connecticut to Skillman Farm. The former home to Guernsey, Ayrshire, and Holstein cows is today on the site of the Cherry Valley Country Club.

The wealthy farmers wanted to be state-of-the-art at their operations. At Edgerstoune, Russell built a poultry plant with an electric feed mill and test barn that

featured electric fans and concrete.

These gentleman farmers shared their work at meetings of the Princeton Agricultural Association, which formed in 1867 at Drumthwacket, then the home of Gov. Charles Smith Olden. Later Pyne would host association meetings in that home when it became his estate.

Dairy Farming To Day

Today, the dairy farm industry is looking for ways to refresh itself. Small farmers are selling directly to customers at

farm-operated markets and restaurants, in a vertical model of regenerative farming, instead of selling milk to processing plants for a price set by the U.S. government. Many have started selling cheese, yogurt, or ice cream, or even nondairy products like soy, almond, or cashew milk.

A local nonprofit group, the Decency Foundation, is helping dairy farmers to buy equipment and process milk on their own farms.

The history of dairy farming in New Jersey may be ready to add a new chapter.

( Photo courtesy of Cherry Grove Farm )

( Photo courtesy of Cherry Grove Farm )

Cherry Grove Farm. ( Photo courtesy of Cherry Grove Farm )

In 1941, Atheron Wells Hobler, the prominent founder and CeO of Benton & Bowles Advertising Agency in New York, purchased skillman Farm and renamed it Woodacres Farm. Already a gentleman farmer, he moved his prized herd of Guernsey cattle from his farm in Connecticut to the new farm. The farm is now the Cherry Valley Country Club and the original dairy barn has been converted to a private home. (Photo by Jeffrey E. Tryon)

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Thomas Edison in the Chemistry Laboratory, 1902. ( U.S. National Park Service )

U.S. Patent Drawings by Thomas Edison. ( National Archives )

Forward-Thinking Innovators From New Jersey

Edison, Bell Labs, Sarnoff, and More

By DonalD H. SanBorn III

Thomas Edison famously said, “Genius is 1 percent inspiration, 99 percent perspiration.”

Of the many scientists and innovators from New Jersey who have contributed to technology and many other fields, Edison (1847-1931) obviously remains one of the most renowned. Besides developing the first commercially viable version of the incandescent light bulb in 1879, his famous inventions include the electrographic vote recorder (1868), phonograph (1877), an electric locomotive (1880); and a camera that could capture motion (1888).

John Steven S

Fifty-five years before Edison’s electric engine, the first steam locomotive was invented in 1825. It was designed by Revolutionary War veteran, lawyer, and Hoboken native Col. John Stevens (17491838), an engineer who also launched the first commercial ferry service in 1811.

In 1802 Stevens had built a screw-driven steamboat; in 1806 he built the Phoenix, which in 1809 sailed from Hoboken to Philadelphia, becoming the first steamboat to successfully navigate the open sea. In 1811 Stevens’ ship Juliana embarked as the first steam-powered ferry service (traveling between Hoboken and New York City).

Britannica.com notes that in 1825 Stevens “built the first American steam locomotive. It was never put into commercial service, however, and was run only on a 0.5-mile (0.8-kilometre) circular track on his estate in Hoboken.” However, in 1830 Stevens and his sons, Robert and Edwin, co-founded the Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company. This company eventually built branches serving New Brunswick, Princeton, Kingston, and Trenton.

Although John Philip Holland (18411914) was born and raised in Liscannor, County Clare, Ireland, he emigrated to the United States in 1873. After working for an engineering firm, he became a teacher at St. John’s Catholic School in Paterson.

In 1875 Holland’s submarine designs were rejected as unworkable by the U.S.

Navy. However, the Fenians (an American affiliate of the revolutionary Irish Republican Brotherhood) gave Holland funding that permitted him to resign from his teaching position. The Holland I prototype was unveiled in 1878. The submarine Fenian Ram followed, in 1881. The website for Paterson Friends of the Great Halls quotes Holland: “My financial supporters, the trustees of the Fenian Skirmishing Fund, determined to build a larger boat that could be employed for breaking blockades … I started to design a new boat of about 19 tons displacement, one small and light enough to be carried on a ship’s deck and launched overboard whenever her services would be required. Only three men were required for her

John Phili P h olland

The submarine designed by John Philip Holland. ( Wikimedia Commons )

John s tevens’ steam carriage. ( wobm.com/29-amazing-things-that-were-invented-in-nj )

crew. She was built at the shops of the Delameter Iron Works, at the foot of West 13th Street, New York, and was launched in May 1881.” Today the submarine is on display at the Paterson Museum.

Willis Carrier

Willis Carrier (1876-1950) was an engineer who invented the first electrical air conditioning unit in 1902. In 1915 he cofounded Carrier Engineering Corporation, which manufactured and distributed heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The company was headquartered in Newark.

After obtaining a Master of Engineering degree from Cornell University in 1901, Carrier joined the Buffalo Forge Company as a research engineer. In 1902 an air quality problem at the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, N.Y., caused paper to grow and shrink, damaging the quality of images. In an attempt to solve this problem, Carrier submitted a design for the first modern air conditioning system. Its purpose was to cleanse the air, and to control humidity and ventilation as well as temperature. In 1906 Carrier was granted a patent for an “Apparatus for Treating Air.”

“Crudely speaking, it worked by blowing air over a set of coils filled with a coolant,” author Matt Buchanan

explains in a 2013 New Yorker piece. “The intent wasn’t to chill the suffocating summer air into a pleasant breeze for sweltering humans. Rather, the device was built to precisely control the humidity of the air.” In Robertson’s Book of Firsts: Who Did What for the First Time (2011), Patrick Robertson notes that in the same year (1903) that Carrier invented his apparatus, heating and ventilation consultant Alfred R. Wolff “became the first to use air-conditioning for the purpose most common today.”

(The first domestic air conditioner was invented by Harry Blair Hull and marketed by Frigidaire in 1929.)

At the time of his death Carrier was a trustee of his alma mater, Cornell. He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal in 1942; and he was inducted posthumously in the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the Buffalo Science Museum Hall of Fame. Later renamed Carrier Global Corporation, and now headquartered in Palm Beach Gardens, Fla., Carrier’s company remains a successful seller of HVAC and refrigeration equipment, as well as apparatus for fire (detection and alarms) and security.

John Philip Holland in the hatch of a submarine. ( Wikipedia )

Willis Carrier poses in 1922 with the first chiller. (Courtesy of Carrier Corporation)

u s. Patent Drawing by Willis Carrier. (National Archives)

Alice H. Parker’s gas furnace design, as patented in 1919. ( Heat Treat Today )

a lice H. Parker

Almost two decades after Carrier invented electrical air conditioning, an African American woman named Alice H. Parker (1895-1920) designed a system to generate and transport heat. In 1919, nine years after she graduated with honors from Howard University, Parker was awarded a patent for her design for a centralized “heating furnace.” Her design never entered commercial production, but as Audrey Henderson notes in an Energy News Network article, the blueprint “still stands as a groundbreaking advance in indoor comfort.”

The invention came about because of difficulties the Parker family was having in heating the entirety of their Morristown home — which, as a Howard University article points out, could be unsafe during an East Coast winter. “Coal and wood, commonly used to fuel heating models in the 19th century, were not readily available,” the piece reminds us. “Parker allegedly chose gas since it was a safer, easily accessible alternative and did not require a fireplace.”

As to the mechanics of Parker’s design, “Heat circulates from the primary burner into the secondary heating tools, eventually heating the…centralized area where the air and vent ducts are placed,” explains the Howard University article. “The design permits cool air into the model. Natural gas is pumped into the furnace, creating a heat exchange that processes warm air into the ducts, pouring into individual rooms of a house.” Henderson notes that although natural gas was already in use, “Parker’s central heating furnace design is credited as the first to use natural gas for heating homes and offices.”

The Howard University piece observes that “Parker’s legacy lives on through an arrangement of updated models and products of her invention, including the everyday AC building units. Multiple agencies celebrate Parker’s cultural and historical significance through awards and grants. Crafted by the New Jersey Chamber of Commerce, the Alice H. Parker Women Leaders in Innovation Award ‘recognizes and celebrates the contributions of women to the rich legacy of innovation in New Jersey.’”

James Hillier

James Hillier (1915-2007) was a Canadian American scientist and inventor. He received a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and physics, Master of Arts, and a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto, where in 1938 — as a graduate student — he partnered with Albert Prebus to construct the first successful highresolution electron microscope in North America.

Princeton Magazine publisher J. Robert Hillier happens to be the son of James Hillier and Florence Marjory Bell. “In 1936 my father and another graduate student in physics at the University of Toronto were looking for a topic for their Ph.D. final projects,” Hillier says. “Their adviser suggested they look into the electron microscope project on which he had heard the Germans were hard at work.”

“In the next year the two developed the first operating model in the world of the electron microscope,” Hillier explains. “They actually beat the Germans by about six months. The model that they built is in a permanent exhibit in a museum in Toronto. My father got his Ph.D. in June of 1937, and I was born in July of the same year.”

Dr. Vladimir Zworykin, a television technology pioneer who invented a television transmitting and receiving system employing cathode ray tubes, had

James Hillier sitting at the electron microscope, with Vladimir Zworykin standing and looking at the device. The microscope in the photo is the first prototype of the one that they hoped to soon put into production. (Photo courtesy of J. Robert Hillier)

come to work in the U.S. and escape the war in Russia. He became director of research at the original Radio Corporation of America (RCA) that had been started by David Sarnoff, and was in Camden.

“[Zworykin] reached out to my father thinking that they could mass produce the microscope, and in 1940 we came to the United States and lived in Collingswood,” Hillier says. “In the early 1940s, construction was begun in Princeton on what was to become the Sarnoff Research Center.” He adds, “When the Sarnoff

Center opened Princeton, we moved to a house on Main Street in Cranbury.”

“In 1952 he applied for a job managing a startup research lab for a company called Melpar that was part of Westinghouse in Falls Church, Va.,” says Hillier. “I was at home from school one afternoon, and he called the house and asked me if there was a letter from Melpar.” There was: “It was an offer letter to take over the management of the lab in Virginia for a salary of $17,500. He took the job, and we moved to Virginia.”

recalls. The elder Hillier served as general manager and later, vice president, of RCA Laboratories; vice president and executive vice president of Research and Engineering; and executive vice president and chief scientist.

Recalling his father’s many accolades, Hillier believes that the one that pleased him the most was the Order of Canada award. “My father, and the prominent economist and diplomat John K. Galbraith,” — both of whom had been born in Canada — “were the first two U.S. citizens ever to receive the award.” (Hillier became a U.S. citizen in 1945.) The prime minister of Canada presented the awards.

In 1957 RCA offered him a management position in Camden.

“We moved back to Collingswood, and later he returned to a leadership position in the Sarnoff Center,” Hillier

He was elected to the National Inventor’s Hall of Fame in Alexandria, Va., and the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame. Hillier notes his father’s honorary doctorate degrees from University of Toronto; and from New Jersey Institute of Technology, “where he and I are the only father and son to be so honored.”

James Hillier. ( Wikipedia )

David s arnoff with the first r CA videotape machine, 1954. ( Wikipedia )

Les Pau L

Songwriter, guitarist, and inventor Les Paul (1915-2009) had been searching for ways to make his acoustic guitar more audible since he was a teenager in Mahwah. His early experiments involved adapting, by turns, a phonograph needle and a bit of train rail. In the 1940s he resumed his experiments; the result was “The Log,” one of the first solidbody (relying on electromagnetic amplification rather than including a hollow sound box in the center) electric guitars.

In Popular Music and Society Steve Waksman clarifies, “Paul did not invent the electric guitar ... nor did he invent the solid body electric, at least not in any singlehanded fashion. He was one of a small number of guitar makers — Leo Fender and Paul Bigsby were the others — who came up with the solid body design at roughly the same time. Paul may have gotten there first ... in 1941,

but it was Fender who would issue the first commercially manufactured solid body electric later in the decade, setting the stage for Paul’s famous namesake, the Gibson Les Paul, which first emerged in 1952.”

Since the 1930s Paul had been exploring multitrack recording techniques, starting by playing along with his own recordings. He put them into use for Bing Crosby’s No. 1 single “It’s Been a Long, Long Time” (1945). With Crosby’s encouragement Paul built a studio in his garage, where he continued his experiments. These included “testing different styles of microphone placement, altering the tape speed of his recording equipment to achieve unique sonic effects, and, most significantly, producing overdubbed recordings of considerable clarity and lack of surface noise,” Waksman explains.

The Mahwah Museum is home to a permanent exhibit, “Les Paul in Mahwah.” According to the museum’s website, “Visitors can learn about his inventions and innovations including soundon-sound recording and electric guitar features while viewing a display of oneof-a-kind precious guitars made especially for Les set in and around a re-creation of the studio in which Les did his work.” For a fee (and by appointment), you can spend 45 minutes playing one of the guitars. Famous visitors to the exhibit include Billy F. Gibbons (of ZZ Top) and King Solomon Hicks.

John Bardeen

John Bardeen (1908-1991) earned his Ph.D. in mathematical physics from Princeton University in 1936. Twenty years later he received (with physicists William Bradford Shockley Jr. and Walter Brattan) his first Nobel Prize in Physics, for research “on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect.” In 1972 Bardeen became the only person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice, this time with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer, “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory.”

The journey from the Ph.D. to the first Nobel Prize took Bardeen in 1945 to Bell Labs in Murray Hill, where he was a member of a solid-state physics group led by Shockley and chemist Stanley Morgan. The group’s assignment was to seek a solid-state alternative to glass vacuum tube amplifiers — which, as Priya Ganapati notes in a 2009 Wired article, “were bulky, unreliable, and consumed too much power.”

Multiple experiments, using a variety of materials, had failed. The multi-part solution included using germanium instead of silicon. Ganapati relates that the “final design of a point-contact transistor had two gold contacts lightly touching a germanium crystal that was on a metal plate connected to a voltage source … it became the first working solid-state amplifier.”

A stylized replica of the first transistor invented at Bell Labs on December 23, 1947. ( Wikipedia )

Les Paul playing live, c. 1947. ( Wikipedia )

A current model of Gibson’s Les Paul guitar. ( Shutterstock.com )

Bell Labs announced the invention of the first transistor in 1948. Ganapati summarizes, “The transistor went on to replace bulky vacuum tubes and mechanical relays. The invention revolutionized the world of electronics and became the basic building block upon which all modern computer technology rests.”

Sidney Pe Stka

Biochemist and geneticist Sidney Pestka (1936-2016) graduated from Princeton University with a degree in chemistry in 1957. Subsequently he completed his M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1961.

After completing his internship at Baltimore City Hospital, in 1962 Pestka joined the National Heart Institute, where he worked in the laboratory of Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg. Pestka was part of the team whose genetic research led to Nirenberg’s 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for “breaking the genetic code.”

In 1969 Pestka joined the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology in Nutley. It was there that he started work on interferon — specifically, IFN-α proteins, which support immunity against viral infections. Pestka’s work has led to the use of interferons in cancer therapy (it is the only approved treatment for advanced melanoma), as well as treatments for

hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Additionally, his work with IFN-β led to use in treating multiple sclerosis.

Pestka was inducted into the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame in 1993. In addition to numerous other awards he was presented, by President George W. Bush, with the 2001 National Medal of Technology. At the time of his death, Pestka was Emeritus Professor of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of Rutgers.

“a Good i maG ination…”

Among Edison’s famous quotations is “There are no rules here; we’re trying to accomplish something.” He also said, “To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.” Fortunately for the fields of medicine, communications, technology, and many others, inventors from New Jersey have ignored rules and accomplished much. It will be exciting to see what future innovators have the imagination to achieve.

( Wikipedia )

President George W. Bush awards the National Medal of Technology to Sidney Pestka, center, in the East Room of the White House. Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans, left, looks on.

On July 10, 1962, AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories (now Nokia Bell Labs) and NASA launched Telstar 1, the first communications satellite from Cape Canaveral, and global communications changed forever. ( Photo courtesy of Nokia Bell Labs )

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3D Printing

At the DigitAl ForeFront oF

CreAtive AnD teChnologiCAl Design

By Taylor SmiTh

Asa medium, 3D printing’s roots stretch back to the 1980s, but it has since grown into a technology that provides artistic experimentation and manufacturing-grade industrial products. 3D printers also find applications in architecture and design, building models that provide mathematically accurate prototype design concepts. A wide range of people are using 3D printers these days — there are 3D printers for home use that are geared towards young teenagers and adults, and those for multimillion-dollar businesses and universities that conduct regular work on them.

In terms of expanding the production and use of mechanical parts, 3D printing allows laypeople to take matters into their own hands, rather than relying on manufacturers. All that is required is access to a nearby 3D printer, a few lessons, and a model diagram of what it is you want to produce. Of course, materials are also a factor. Most local 3D printing services, like the Plainsboro Public Library, will offer thermoplastic filament such as PLA (polylactic acid) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).

According to Darren Miguez, director of

the Plainsboro Public Library, “PLA is a lower melting point thermoplastic and very forgiving; it’s great for rapid prototyping and general use. ABS is harder, akin to LEGO pieces, but is less forgiving of changes in room temperature; it gets a lot of use making parts for robotics teams in the local area, and replacement parts

that require increased durability. These two filaments meet the needs of almost every job we have processed. We charge

generally 3 cents per ounce to cover the cost of materials, and nothing more.”

Resin 3D printing is a bit more complicated and does involve the handling and cleanup of toxic materials, which is best done at a lab or worksite. Websites like Thingiverse, Printables, Etsy, MyMiniFactory, and Thangs provide instructions for pre-designed 3D objects that can then be produced at the Plainsboro Public Library or New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT).

There are also 3D modeling software options for a variety of skill levels, from the novice to someone who uses 3D printing professionally. These include Tinkercad (beginners), Meshmixer (intermediate), FreeCad (intermediate to professional), and Blender (advanced to professional).

At my own regional public library outside of New Jersey, there is a Creative Studio where a 3D printer is regularly used by library patrons. The room also contains graphic design software, a sophisticated podcasting station, sewing machines, and video editing software. In other words, it is a hub of activity on any given day of the week and people of all ages use the space for personal projects.

Imaginepaper Crafts Pallas’ Cat s culpture; $10; etsy.com.

I was struck one day to learn that a patron had successfully used the 3D printer to replace a missing part in his refrigerator. This refrigerator was old and the company was based in Italy, making the cost of shipping and replacing the part very expensive. He said that his refrigerator would not function without this broken part and that he preferred not to replace the entire appliance. Instead, the manufacturer in Italy sent him a technical drawing of the part, which he then used for the 3D printer software. The part was successfully printed, and the cost of printing was less than $2. All that was left was for someone to install the part — an overall winning solution.

Technically speaking, 3D printing is an additive technology, since each item is built one layer at a time, using specific materials. Computer-guided laser beams will melt powders of plastic, composite material, and metal to create and shape each object. Prior to 3D printing, traditional manufacturing and construction involved taking a large piece of metal (or

some other type of material) and cutting it down in size until it was shaped properly. Some major manufacturing companies that are now using additive technology include General Electric, Boeing, Ford, Nike, the Hasbro toy company, and NASA.

3D printing technologies continue to

have a substantial impact on the medical and dental industries. For example, hearing loss poses a significant and multifaceted challenge for people around the world. Hearing aids are ideally suited

to 3D printing technology because they are easily personalized with an impression of each person’s ears and the cost and time involved in production is significantly less than it used to be. Today’s hearing aids are patient-matched devices that fit comfortably in or around the outer part of the ear. They are also known for improved longevity and optimal performance — a far cry from the whistling hearing aids of the past. In terms of other medical usage, 3D printing has been utilized for prosthetic limbs, human organ transplants, surgical procedures, and surgical tools. A longstanding issue for children with prosthetic limbs is that they grow out of them very quickly. The effective additive technology also allows for better fitting prosthetics. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology continue to work on designing more comfortable prosthetic sockets ( media.mit.edu).

In fact, explains Miguez, Plainsboro Public Library “worked with an Eagle Scout to print pieces for 150 prosthetic hands that the scout then assembled to add

An entry in the NJIT Bridge Competition.

Photo

tension elements; these were donated to amputees in need via enablingthefuture. org, a nonprofit that works to provide designs for 3D printed prosthetics and connects volunteers with people who need these prosthetics.”

“During the early days of the COVID-19 lockdown, we printed face shield parts and mask size adapters that were then assembled by volunteers and sent to first responders and medical personnel when local supplies of commercially available masks and face shields had been consumed,” he continues. “We send these through a volunteer network for contact-free delivery.”

to compete in a yearly bridge competition. The annual event is announced in the fall and the competition takes place on NJIT’s campus in the spring.

3D printing is also a natural fit for the worlds of art, architecture, and design. For many creative types, additive technology literally brings their vision off the page and into life, as a 3D sculpture, building model, and realistic visualizations. In fact, 3D printing is a great way for artists and architects to troubleshoot as they are able to see their ideas transformed into a realistic visual plane.

NJIT invites New Jersey high schools

William H. Pennock III, assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at NJIT, explains, “The teams, often in the context of a STEM class or a club, work with a coach at their school and often a mentor who is an engineer or other professional in the built-environment industry. They design a bridge that has to meet geometric constraints in the rules and 3D print it. The bridge has to consist of multiple parts, and at the day of the competition, the teams are timed to see who can assemble their bridge fastest. They also present on their design process and inspiration. Once the bridge is checked for compliance, it is placed on a stand with increasing weight hung from the middle (center span) of the bridge.

“Most bridges weigh only about a pound and can hold around a factor of 100 of their weight. We’ve had bridges hold up to 500 pounds and not break in the past. We also check how much each

Imaginepaper Crafts Parrot s culpture; $10; etsy.com.

bridge bends at a specific weight and compare, with the bridge that is the stiffest (bends the least) getting a high score in that category. This past year, we had 14 teams from around New Jersey compete, and the team from Governor Livingston High School [in Berkeley Heights] won the overall competition. The competition is named after David Good, a principal at MRCE [Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers], who played a central role in conceiving the idea for this competition, which he saw as a way to bring underrepresented high school students into STEM professions. Sadly, he passed away unexpectedly in 2023, and we carry on the competition in his name.”

There is also a collegiate bridgebuilding competition that was first begun in 2021. The initial year included engineering students from Stevens Institute of Technology, NJIT, and Princeton University.

“After that, NJIT applied to make it an American Society of Civil Engineers competition similar to the Steel Bridge and Concrete Canoe competitions they run for civil engineering students on an annual basis,” says Pennock. “Our first

Hillier

Imaginepaper Crafts e lephant s culpture; $10; etsy.com.

ASCE pilot was in 2023. This year, we had four competitions hosted by Stony Brook University (where NJIT took first place), George Mason University, Purdue University Northwest, and Missouri S&T. We are growing this competition and hope it will become a truly national competition soon.”

Architects and other design professionals are increasingly turning to 3D printers to produce tangible, highlydetailed architectural models that they can be taken into account when working on any sort of project. These models also help to identify flaws in the design or engineering and can often be a source of information for the construction site. 3D printing models are made using the CAD data (computer-aided design used to create models or architectural plans). 3D models are also helpful for pitching a project to a client, since most clients want to see a clear picture of what the final project will look like.

Plainsboro Public Library offers free classes on 3D design using the TinkerCAD platform. Students in introductory classes will all design and print their own object.

For 3D printing requests, visit https:// plainsborolibrary.org/3d-printing/

conceptualize a piece of art, a prototype part, or a piece for a Halloween costume and after designing it see it printed and become a real object is nothing short of magical. Seeing an idea you had made real is empowering and just exciting.”

He continues, “Having a way for local students to produce pieces for science experiments or robotics projects easily and cheaply is revolutionary. Previously machine shops would have been required, and often priced out of reach of most people, let alone students. By introducing folks to these skills and this technology, we’re providing a space for creativity and technological equity…. In terms of local industries, the value of rapid prototyping is incredible. Being able to 3D print a part, check for size, and then order a metal fabricated piece based on your prototyped part and 3D design file speeds up manufacturing and experimentation.”

In terms of art museums and historic preservation, 3D printing can potentially be used by institutions to create replicas and artifacts. These economical reproductions are ideal teaching tools for museum visitors and are a detailed way to preserve model forms of sculptures, artwork, architecture, and more.

The Metropolitan Museum of New York is now hoping to interact with patrons digitally. According to its website, “visitors can photograph objects in the museum and then create their own digital models.” The Met even has a guide on their website that shows people how to apply models of their art objects to a 3D printer ( metmuseum.org/articles/3dprinting ). More than 70 3D models from the Met’s collection are available to download for free at thingiverse.com/met/ designs .

“The gap between idea and creation is cut drastically when the means of production live here in your local library,” says Miguez. ”It opens up possibilities and provides an onramp towards careers in 3D design and manufacturing that local corporations use and universities teach.”

On the subject of 3D printing as an experiment and an art form, says Miguez. “The benefits of 3D printing here in Plainsboro are numerous. Being able to

As 3D printing is the way of the future, everyone is encouraged to take a class at their nearest resource center. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, instead, imagine taking an idea from your head and seeing it in printed form. In this way, everyone is their own architect and creator!

Western Section Revival Two Years in the Making

130 Library Place, Princeton, NJ | callawayhenderson.com/id/NTV4WN | $3,950,000

With a prominent spot along the most admired stretch of Library Place, Western Section neighbors have watched with anticipation as this gracious 1848 Colonial was restored over the course of two years. Everyone can appreciate the new DURATION poly-ash siding, roof, windows, and mahogany porches, but few have seen the interior improvements, which include new oak floors, glamorous baths and gorgeous quartz in the refreshed kitchen. French doors and transom-topped windows let in views of the partially shaded yard and bluestone-edged pool.

1865 Stone Carriage House with Pool and Greenhouse

611 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ | callawayhenderson.com/id/P5BKVL | $1,435,000

Embrace the past and revel in the present in this one-of-a-kind stone carriage house on the banks of Stony Brook. The original structure, with hand-hewn beams and robust fieldstone walls, speaks volumes of its storied past. These classic elements are harmoniously intertwined with a contemporary open-concept kitchen. A private suite with a half bath over the garage serves well for guests or a home office. The property features a serene, heated pool, potting shed, wisteria-covered patio, and trails leading to the picturesque brook, a nature lover’s paradise.

BARBARA BLACKWELL

Broker Associate

c 609.915.5000 o 609.921.1050

bblackwell@callawayhenderson.com 4 Nassau Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08542

Serenity Farm | 7 Hayden Ln, Tinicum Township

Serenity Farm is a stunning marriage between a 1700’s stone farmhouse and clean modern aesthetics. Sited on 4+ acres, the pastoral setting enables you to forget the fast pace city life to enjoy the natural verdant countryside that surrounds the home. The 100 acres of conserved land that envelops the property is the perfect buffer against future development.

The home was ingeniously designed to place a central fireplace to act as a nucleus and a fulcrum...dividing old and new. A spectacular stainless-steel kitchen looks out at the open dining area and the large living room beyond. The butler’s kitchen contains a washer and two dryers and a powder room. $1,895,000

Buckshire | $2,695,000

The 6 bedroom, 4.5 bath home is sited among lush landscaping, esteemed gardens and walking paths and a vibrant waterfall against stone walls. This property has a unique pedigree because it was frequently visited by Julia Child. The home belonging to her husband's brother was the site of her wedding reception and, it is rumored, that many of her early recipes were first executed in the existing kitchen. One of the more stunning aspects of the interior is the large, open concept Great Room with a centrally located curved staircase that acts as a nucleus. The ornate details…polished flooring, French doors, period fireplaces and custom woodworking, all work, cumulatively, to form a stellar environment. The kitchen is full of light and contains a glass solarium that acts as a Breakfast Room. The bedrooms are located so that the primary suite is private and important. A short walk from the home is the guest cottage. This one bedroom cottage is the perfect location for guests, relatives or a writer’s studio.

RexGoReleiGh

Harlem Renaissance Artist Paved the Way for Arts Education in Princeton

By Ilene DuBe

Itsounds like the plot of an inspirational movie.

In the early part of the 20th century, a Black man grows up in the household of a white doctor, where his mother is employed as a housemaid. The man, who is artistically gifted, is orphaned at age 15. He moves to New York to study acting, becomes involved with the Harlem Renaissance where he begins studying painting and drawing, meets muralists Diego Rivera and Ben Shahn while waiting tables, and finds himself working on New Deal projects during the Great Depression.

Fast forward, and the man goes on to exhibit in museums abroad and at home. His work is collected by the likes of Toni Morrison.

This is, in fact, the true story of Russell “Rex” Goreleigh (1902-1986), who spent nearly 40 years in Princeton making and teaching art.

In 1948, Goreleigh was recruited by a group of Princeton University professors and members of the local Jewish and Quaker communities to form a racially and religiously integrated arts organization known as the Princeton Group Arts.

The Arts Council of Princeton has recently honored that history by naming a painting studio for him. “Not only was Goreleigh a nationally recognized talent, but he was also a member of our board of trustees from 1969-1972, making the designation all the more meaningful,” says ACP Executive Director Adam Welch.

The room naming was an idea spurred on by a series of extraordinary events, he

notes, “but it had been on my mind since I started at the ACP.”

“In the course of my research into the history of the ACP, I came across a Town Topics article that cited Rex Goreleigh joining the board of trustees in the May 15,

we were hosting the James Wilson Edwards show. I asked [exhibition curators] Judith Brodsky and Rhinold Ponder to be honorary chairs for the campaign, as was Shirley Satterfield.”

1969 issue. In addition to that, we have a painting on long-term loan from Shirley Satterfield,” Welch continues. “I thought the time was right. Rex Goreleigh’s birthday, September 2, was just around the corner and

“Rex’s Studio on the Canal held the only art classes you could take in the community that was not at an academic institution until the Arts Council of Princeton was established in 1967,” says Brodsky. “After realizing, through the exhibition and the panels we created, the impact of Rex on the ACP and the Princeton Community, we felt that Rex should be honored for his role in bringing the arts to Princeton’s residents.”

HUMBLE BEGINNINGS

The Studio on the Canal, which Goreleigh established after his time at Princeton Group Arts — which had been located on Spring Street — became a legendary institution in the garage next to his home at 8-10 Canal Road in West Windsor, just over the Princeton border. It was not far from the Glen Acres community, a historic neighborhood whose residents were committed to a vision of racial equality when few thought an integrated neighborhood could be successful. On Canal Road, Goreleigh had a place to continue workshops in painting, printmaking, and ceramics and ran it until 1978. Some of the instructors were sculptor Glenn Cohen, painters Hughie Lee Smith and Vincent Ceglia, and printmaker Stefan Martin. Vestiges of his former home and the Studio on the Canal remain today. The

rex Goreleigh ( Portrait by Bill Saunders, 1975 )

house has been doubled in size, but the adjoining garage still has a studio over it. The present owners use it as a music studio. There is a paint-splattered sink that may have been a part of the original

art studio, according to its present-day owners.

“[Goreleigh’s] house has another distinction — as one of the only remaining original buildings of the mid-1800s

community of Princeton Basin, which was centered around the intersection of Alexander Road and the D&R Canal,” says Paul Ligeti, president of the Historical Society of West Windsor. He estimates it was built in the mid 1800s.

Goreleigh was born in Penllyn, Pa., where he took to art as a way of coping with a speech impediment. He drew and painted everything he saw. He felt a part of the family for whom his mother worked, he told a Princeton Packet reporter in 1985. He moved to Philadelphia at the age of 15, when his mother died. A year later, he left for Washington, D.C., to attend high school. At the age of 18, he studied acting in New York’s Lafayette Theatre during the Harlem Renaissance. Inspired by Eubie Blake to further his education, Goreleigh began studying privately with Xavier Barile, an Italian master painter. In 1920, Goreleigh attended a series of displays of African American art at the Harmon Foundation exhibition in New York. Seeing the exhibition inspired him to study painting and drawing in his time off from his job waiting tables. He paid for classes at the Art Students League with his earnings.

Untitled (Bridge over Princeton Canal) by rex Goreleigh. (Invaluable.com)

Princeton Basin historic marker. ( Courtesy Historical Society of West Windsor )

Princeton Basin 1872 — Goreleigh house in the distance. (Courtesy Historical Society of West Windsor)

CONNECTING TO THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE

It was prominent Mexican muralist Diego Rivera who gave Goreleigh the opportunity to watch him work on portraits for Rockefeller Center. In 1934, under the Works Progress Administration (WPA), Goreleigh met and worked with noted artist Ben Shahn, creator of the WPA mural in Roosevelt Public School, among others.

While in New York, Goreleigh got to know artists of the Harlem Renaissance, including Jacob Lawrence and Romare Bearden. Through the Federal Art Project, Goreleigh served as an arts educator, teaching children at the Utopia Neighborhood House in New York.

In 1936 Goreleigh spent a year in Europe, studying with André Lhote in Paris and Leo Z. Moll in Germany (he also studied with Moll in New York). While in Finland, he painted Senegalese Woman (Paris), which was collected by Pulitzer and Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison. The Senegalese woman wears a hat with a cocked brim.

In a painting of the marketplace in

Helsinki, Goreleigh started a palette that continued throughout his career.

After returning from Europe, Goreleigh enrolled in the Chicago Art Institute and directed a community arts center on

Chicago’s south side. “It was one of the famous art centers, founded during the 1930s,” says Brodsky. “He had taken it safely through the World War II years — that’s where he met Hughie Lee Smith,

who spent a great deal of time in New Jersey because of their friendship. Lee Smith eventually bought a townhouse in Cranbury because he was teaching for Rex at Studio on the Canal, as well as at Princeton Day School and the Princeton Art Association.”

Wrote Smith in a catalog essay for a 1982 exhibition of Goreleigh’s work at the TWEED Group in northern New Jersey, “The paintings in this exhibition reveal a unique vision of the world, through the keen eyes of a sophisticated artist of wide worldly experience. Some of the canvases and papers are light and full of gaiety, while others display a great social insight into the lives of Blacks and are grave in their implications without being unbearably oppressive.”

TEACHING MECHANICS AND DEBUTANTES

Although Goreleigh may have felt uncomfortable among all those pale blond people in Finland — he wrote how he stuck out like a sore thumb — he had a flair for moving in all circles, which enabled him to flourish in Princeton when

Current view of rex Goreleigh’s former home and studio on Canal road. (Photo by Jeffrey E. Tryon)

A paint-splattered sink that may have been a part of the original studio. (Photo by Jeffrey E. Tryon)

schools were still segregated.

Bridging the barrier made him an ideal candidate to direct Princeton Group Arts, an organization dedicated to promoting integration through the teaching of theater, music, dance, painting, sculpture, writing,

and crafts. In its heyday, Princeton Group Arts attracted 250 students a week, both adults and children, offering workshops in painting, photography, ceramics, and dance. According to a 1952 article in Jet magazine: “In Goreleigh’s classes it is

commonplace to see Negro automobile mechanics discussing techniques with debutantes.” Chauffeurs, maids, and day laborers, as well as their children, took classes. Fees were $8 to $12 a term, with 20 percent of students on scholarship.

“Princeton Group Arts also served as a test bed for the Princeton Plan, which integrated its public schools a year later,” says Ligeti.

In an exhibition put on by Princeton Group Arts, a mosaic by Margot Einstein — daughter of Princeton’s famed physicist — was sold, according to the Jet article. She had attended classes at Princeton Group Arts, according to a 1952 New York Times article.

“In 1952, Goreleigh and Braxton Elleby starred in Robert E. Sherwood’s The Petrified Forest as two of Princeton University’s Theater Intime’s first Black actors,” writes Ligeti, who is the author of West Windsor Then and Now — A New Perspective.

Although Princeton Group Arts held such fundraisers as a Marian Anderson concert at McCarter Theatre, it folded in 1954 due to a lack of funds. It was then that Goreleigh set up the Studio on the Canal to continue the workshops.

A LIFELONG LEARNER

Goreleigh served as the director of the arts and crafts program in Roosevelt schools in 1955-56. He taught at Princeton Adult School, the Neuropsychiatric Institute in Skillman, and in the Trenton school district. In 1976, eight of his works were in an exhibit, “Fragments of American Life,” at the Princeton University Art Museum. He earned his bachelor’s degree with honors from Rutgers in 1978 — he was by then 76! — and in 1980, the New Jersey Historical Society put on a solo exhibition of his work.

Goreleigh’s Tobacco Series comes from the illustrations he did for Britannica Junior encyclopedia, inspired by his experiences in North Carolina, where he also taught. These colorful images include a widow who continued raising her crop after her husband’s death, even sitting out with a rifle to protect her prized tobacco plants. The series shows her spraying, planting, and inspecting her plants. There are original gouaches from 1943, as well

rex Goreleigh in 1952 at a Princeton Group Arts show at 36 u niversity Place. (Courtesy Historical Society of West Windsor)

The Social Hour, oil on canvas by rex Goreleigh, 1971. (Invaluable.com)

A print from the Tobacco s eries by rex Goreleigh. (Invaluable.com)

The Mourners by rex Goreleigh. (Invaluable.com)

A Goreleigh painting owned by the Historical s ociety of West Windsor. (Courtesy Historical Society of West Windsor)

Wash Day by rex Goreleigh. (Invaluable.com)

as a more colorful series of serigraphs Goreleigh made in 1973, revisiting the subject matter.

Goreleigh’s Fieldworker Series began in the late ’60s/early ’70s, when he visited and painted farms in Cranbury, Roosevelt, and Hightstown. The series started with a watercolor, and by 1962 he had 10 fullblown oil paintings, enabling him to get a grant from the New Jersey State Council on the Arts to support the series.

His 1971 work The Social Hour shows African American migrant workers all dressed up in satin dresses and high-heeled shoes, dancing the night away at the First Presbyterian Church in Cranbury. Some embrace and some do fancy footwork on the wood plank floor, lit from above.

Not all the paintings are this happy. A 1974 still life shows a migrant worker’s “camp,” with lard, jugs, pots, butter, and a can of peas, looking as though they were quickly abandoned. Another shows a worker near a shack after a fire. These camps were permanent structures but not sturdy, and migrant workers stayed in them as they came through. Early versions made of wood with a tin or corrugated roof often caught fire, until

laws required the housing be built from cinderblock. Workers might stay in these houses for six to eight weeks at a time. In Wash Day, a woman is outside one of these structures with her aluminum wash tubs as a child plays nearby.

Goreleigh’s artwork documents both the everyday hard work and moments of joy experienced by African American farm workers and others throughout the late 20th century. In his Migrant Workers Series, Goreleigh captured both the daily toil and simple joys of these people, and helped to bring light on the difficult work and living conditions for migrant workers in central New Jersey.

The term migrant worker often conjures the image of an immigrant, but during the mid 20th century, many of the migrant workers who went from farm to farm were not immigrants at all, but African Americans.They would pack up and move to the next job, bringing their children.

Looking at the richly colored canvases, one comprehends how Goreleigh treasured his subject matter, enabling him to see the celebrations amid the difficult conditions in the 1950s through the 1970s.

CAPTURING THE HUMAN CONDITION

One painting that perhaps best conveys this mix is Afraid of Living, Scared of Dying. Painted in 1977, it depicts an older migrant worker who has gone off the farming circuit and settled in New Jersey. With close-cropped white hair, this slender, beautiful woman sits on a porch swing, awaiting what comes next.

After living in Princeton for 25 years, Goreleigh sold the Canal Road property to live in the senior complex at Spruce Circle. He died in a house fire there when he was 84. Some of his paintings were destroyed in the fire. Goreleigh and his wife Estelle are buried in the Princeton Cemetery; the couple had no children.

During Goreleigh’s lifetime his artwork was exhibited in museums in Paris and Helsinki, and in the Baltimore Art Museum and Studio Museum in Harlem. His work has been exhibited alongside that of Alma Thomas, Elizabeth Catlett, Beauford Delaney, Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence, and others. It lives on in the collection of Witherspoon Presbyterian Church, Nassau Presbyterian Church, the Arts Council of Princeton, the historical societies of Princeton and West Windsor, the New Jersey State Museum, and in many private collections.

Adroit Antonelli Cambio Commando

D. Exterior Elemente Clemente Heyne Bogut

Huber Gasser In Bed With You

Kempton Knit Knit Lilla P Liviana Conti

Lorenza Gandaglia Designs Mac

Matthildur Maison Montagut Pier Antonio

Gaspari Pistache Ploumanach Porto

P. Sophia Serie N*Umerica

Think Roylan Xacus Viviana Uchitel and much more!

Ocean Adventures Shipwrecks, Mutinies, & Survival At Sea

By Stuart Mitchner

The sea never changes and its works, for all the talk of men, are wrapped in mystery.

—Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)

well-traveled old friend once told me, “If you want to know what it’s like to command a sailing ship, read Conrad’s The Secret Sharer .” In fact, the story has less to do with the unnamed narrator’s command of an unnamed ship than with the author’s command of the suggestive psychological nuances of the captain’s relationship with the fugitive he

rescues and hides in his living quarters. Formerly the chief mate of a ship anchored nearby, the man had been hastily accused and confined for killing a rebellious crew member during a violent storm. After a

single conversation, the captain believes the other’s story and empathizes with him, even to the extent of imagining the fugitive as a double of himself. He takes advantage of his status as commander to help conceal his “secret self” from the crew, even when his choices are risky and suspect, most eventfully when he steers the ship dangerously close to an island so that the fugitive can safely escape, “a free man, a proud swimmer striking out for a new destiny.”

e arly r eadings

The literary nuances of Conrad’s narrative would have been lost on me when I was wrapped up in adventure novels centered on the young seaman Tod Moran. From Howard Pease’s The Jinx Ship and The Tattooed Man , I progressed to Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall’s Mutiny on the Bounty , and then to Herman Wouk’s The Caine Mutiny , which was the No. 1 bestseller in 1951-1952. With those two page-turners, the “art” was not the power of prose or the mood, but the momentum of the story and the behavior of its two deposed captains, the post-mutiny heroics of Bligh, who navigated a 23-foot launch some 3,700 nautical miles, and the ultimately self-destructive paranoia of the Caine’s Captain Queeg.

Murder (Doubleday 2023) continues its almost year-long run on or at the top of the New York Times nonfiction bestseller list. Early in his narrative, Grann refers to the moment in Conrad’s Secret Sharer when the captain wonders if he will prove “faithful to that ideal conception of one’s own personality every man sets up for himself secretly.” For the Wager’s newly appointed captain David Cheap, there was no way he could have “set up” a situation as challenging as the anarchy he actually contended with when the Wager was shipwrecked off the south coast of Chile in May 1741.

still a b estseller

In spring 2024, David Grann’s epic tour de force The Wager: A Tale of Shipwreck, Mutiny and

The characterization of Cheap benefits from the author’s empathy, since like Conrad, and on a much larger scale, Grann’s command is the narrative itself, as he suggests in his Acknowledgments when comparing the writing of the book to “navigating a ship on a long, stormy voyage.” The metaphor is powerfully developed in the way Grann commands, reimagines, and brings to life a complex, disparate, and contentious “crew” of 18th-century narratives.

o n the End E avour

Unlike the Wager , which was named for Charles Wager, first lord of the admiralty, the Endeavor was named after the actual word “endeavor.” Reviewing Peter Moore’s Endeavour: The Ship That Changed the World (Farrar, Strauss & Giroux 2019), The Guardian’s Ruth Scurr calls it “an engrossing love letter to a word,

an attitude, and a ship: it is an endeavour that honours Endeavour , without denying the death and destruction that followed in her wake.”

Writing in The New York Times Book Review , Simon Winchester says that Moore has written a book that makes the case for Endeavour “both compelling and irrefutable ... an immense treasure trove of fact-filled and highly readable fun.”

Waves and Winds

After vicariously surviving the passage around Cape Horn, readers of The Wager know a thing or two about giant waves and winds of up to 200 miles an hour that are named according to the latitude in which they blew, “with names that capture the increasing intensity,” as well as suggesting generational equivalents like “the Roaring Forties, the Furious Fifties, and the Screaming Sixties.”

According to Publishers Weekly , Susan Casey’s The Wave: In Pursuit of the Rogues, Freaks, and Giants of the Ocean (Doubleday 2010) “travels across the world and into the past to confront the largest waves the oceans have to offer. This dangerous water includes rogue

waves south of Africa, storm-born giants near Hawaii, and the biggest wave ever recorded, a 1,740-foot-high wall of wave (taller than one and a third Empire State Buildings) that blasted the Alaska coastline in 1958.” Casey interviews scientists “exploring the danger that global warming will bring us more and larger waves.”

The copy of The Wave I borrowed from the Princeton Public Library has “been there,” as if on the deck of a storm-tossed ship, leaving a telltale ripple on the pages of the section titled “Heavy Weather,” which is itself headed with a line from Pablo Neruda: “I need the sea because it teaches me.” Although surfers and their waves are featured throughout, Casey’s book sails well beyond “Surfin’ Safari” with an opening epigraph from Freidrich Nietzsche: “When you look into the abyss, the abyss also looks into you.”

a n autical c lassic

First published in 1963 and updated in 1979, Waves and Beaches: The Powerful Dynamics of Sea and Coast (Patagonia

2021) has been for sea lovers “what The Joy of Cooking is to home chefs,” says Adventure Journal : “Four hundred pages stuffed with physics illustrations, encyclopedic text, and gorgeous photography makes for essential reading that belongs on the bookshelves of all coastal explorers.” The volume is billed by the publisher as “an essential handbook for anyone who studies, surfs, protects, or is fascinated by the ocean. The original author, Willard Bascom, was a master of the subject and included a wealth of information, based on theory and statistics, but also anecdotal observation and personal experience.” Kim McCoy “adds recent facts and anecdotes to establish the book’s relevance in the time of climate change.”

i lluminating m arine l ife

Sabrina Imbler’s How Far the Light Reaches: A Life in Ten Sea Creatures (Little Brown 2022) “shines a light on some of the ocean’s most delightful and overlooked creatures,” says the New York Times’ Joumana Khatib, who mentions “goldfish that flourish in the wild, an aquatic worm named after Lorena Bobbitt, octopus mothers that make sacrifices for their offspring.” Ilana Masad of the Washington Post finds “both solace and hope in Imbler’s ability to portray a world

so foreign it’s barely legible to humans, and to bring forth the myriad ways of being that we might draw on to imagine our way forward through the depths.” Chapter titles include “If You Flush a Goldfish,”

“My Mother and the Starving Octopus,”

“How to Draw a Sperm Whale,” and “Morphing Like a Cuttlefish.”

Cutty Sark

Like The Wager , the British clipper ship Cutty Sark has literary panache, having been named after the short shirt of the fictional witch in Robert Burns’ poem, “Tam o’ Shanter,” which was first published in 1791. In Cutty Sark: The Last of the Tea Clippers ( Naval Institute Press illustrated edition 2014), Eric Kentley, formerly a curator at

the National Maritime Museum, presents “a chronological career narrative” that, according to the publisher, “includes detailed features on crew accounts, log entries, pieces on seamanship, ports and cargoes, and broader tall ship culture, as well as an opportunity to focus on artifacts and the fittings of the ship.”

Conrad’ S Sour C e

In The Secret Sharer , Conrad makes fictional use of an incident that occurred aboard the Cutty Sark in 1880, when the first mate, “a despotic character with a sinister

reputation killed an insubordinate crew member,” according to Jocelyn Baines in Joseph Conrad: A Critical Biography (1960). Conrad’s fictional first mate, who has fled from his ship, “is presented as a victim of circumstances that compel him to commit homicide.” Conrad altered the reports from the Cutty Sark incident to make the character “more agreeable.” Baines notes that “Honor and dishonor, in their particular aspects of fidelity and betrayal, were constantly recurring themes throughout Conrad’s work.” As The Secret Sharer makes clear, Conrad was “especially concerned with them” at the time he wrote the story in 1909.

In an author’s note, Conrad says that “the basic fact of the tale” was “in truth the common possession of the whole fleet of merchant ships trading to India, China, and Australia: a great company the last years of which coincided with my first years on the wider seas,” which, as he writes in Typhoon , “for all the talk of men, are wrapped in mystery.”

I Turning Toward a Healthier Lifestyle Through MIndful nutrItIon

By Mary aBitanto | photography By the author

am Jersey-born and raised and a true Jersey girl at heart. Growing up, I spent every summer on Long Beach Island at our shore house, only a stone’s throw away from the beach. One of my most cherished memories is shopping at the local farmers market in Viking Village located in Barnegat Light, a quaint little fishing town. The small farmers market there carries fresh-from-the-farm produce. My dad and I would pick the ripest tomatoes, corn, eggplant, and figs. The long-awaited first bite into a juicy, red-fleshed fig — oh how I love that taste. It’s a memory that will be forever etched in mind.

Now that summer is upon us, my family looks to our own vegetable garden for healthy meal planning inspiration. The plethora of local farmers markets can also serve to inspire our palates to eat more healthfully by choosing what’s fresh and in-season. Eating fresh and seasonal foods will provide us with the best nutritional profile for our foods. New Jersey’s summers are renowned for our vibrant produce. The array of fruit and vegetables is vast: strawberries, blueberries, ripe tomatoes, sweet corn, juicy peaches, and a selection of melons, as well as yellow, orange, red, and green peppers — to name just a few. New Jersey is of course known as the Garden State, a name derived from the abundance of farms, agricultural research laboratories, and fresh produce in our state, with a side of industrialization, as those of us who fly into Newark know.

According to njdigitalhighway.org, the nickname suggests that agriculture remains the dominant characteristic of the state’s economy through the present day.

As a health, wellness, and fitness enthusiast, I am committed to living a healthy lifestyle through mindful

Lifestyle, which launched in the spring and is available on Amazon. According to Samara Kraft, MS, RDN, CDCES, a local area nutritionist (alphacise.com), “a Mediterranean-style diet includes plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain breads and other grains, potatoes, legumes, nuts, seeds, olive oil, dairy products, eggs, fish, and poultry. We can enjoy small amounts of red meat and sweets in moderation.” Adaptations can be made to desserts by swapping unhealthy fats like butter for healthy fats like olive oil.

From the e nd Zone to the Blue Zone

WHOLE GRAINS, PASTA, BEANS – 35%

VEGETABLES, FRUITS – 30%

FISH, SEAFOOD, POULTRY, DAIRY, EGGS – 20%

OLIVE OIL – 10%

MEATS, SWEETS – 5%

nutrition. My eating style leans toward the Mediterranean lifestyle, which is something I discuss in my newest cookbook, Nourish Celebrating Nature’s Harvest & A Healthy

These days, at least in my home, we talk a lot about the end zone (a little football reference), but have you heard of the blue zone? This is another popular, well-studied eating style that scores big health benefits. The original concept was coined by Dan Buettner, a National Geographic explorer and journalist after an expedition in Okinawa, Japan, in 2000, where he investigated the region noted for higher longevity. It was the tip of the iceberg, so to speak. He then furthered his exploration into blue zones by traveling the world in search of people with higher rates of longevity who were enjoying a better quality of life into their old age. They identified a few regional hot spots as blue zones, all of which shared specific lifestyle habits. Many of us who maintain a healthy lifestyle are likely incorporating some of these healthy habits into our life, but let’s delve further to identify the lifestyle markers.

Choose organic fruits and vegetables, when possible, to avoid unnecessary chemicals and pesticides. the Dirty Dozen list is published every year and advises which conventional produce to avoid due to pesticides. regardless, always wash fruit and vegetables. add a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar diluted in water and allow fruits and vegetables to soak for 10 minutes. Scrubbing tough-skinned produce like apples or peppers is advisable.

The Peacock Inn serves fresh sea scallops from the fish market located in Viking Village. Agricola Eatery offers Barnegat Bay scallops. Both menus are bursting with flavor and offer a great variety from which to choose. I love the Foie Gras Pâté at The Peacock Inn and the Wild Mushroom Pâté at Agricola.

The longest-lived people were identified as being from the mountainous territory of Barbagia in Sardinia, Italy; Ikaria, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea; the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica; Loma Linda, Calif.; and Okinawa, Japan. The common denominators they all share are shown in the chart below, most of which are self-explanatory.

Barbagia, Sardinia, has the world’s highest concentration of male centenarians, a rare population of individuals who reach 100 years or older. They experience delays in aging-related diseases and mortality which is indicative of a strong, high-functioning immune system. But even more importantly, residents of this area are geographically isolated. They maintain a traditional lifestyle consisting of hunting, fishing, and harvesting their own food. They remain close with friends and family throughout their lives. They laugh and drink wine together and have a strong sense of community.

People in the blue zones eat a variety

of seasonal garden vegetables, and then pickle or dry the excess to be enjoyed offseason. The top-tier longevity foods are

Blue Zone

*Note: The 80% rule, also know in Japan as “hara hachi bu,” means to stop eating when you are 80% full.

leafy greens such as spinach, kale, beets and turnip tops, starchy tubers, chard, and collard greens combined with seasonal

fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and beans which dominate blue zone meals all year long. Olive oil is often used in the blue zones. Some evidence suggests that olive oil consumption increases good cholesterol and lowers bad cholesterol.

The Blue Zones diet, unlike the Mediterranean diet, is 95 percent plantbased with the inclusion of animal-based foods like meat just 5 percent of the time, with two ounces or less about five times per month. Fish is limited to only three small servings per week, and dairy, including eggs, no more than three times per week. Those in the blue zones drink mostly water, up to seven cups a day, and drink wine in moderation. Beans are consumed daily, up to a half cup per day and reign supreme on blue zones diets. Beans are a consummate superfood. Beans are so versatile, especially chickpeas — you can use them to make hummus and dips, and add them to soups, salads, and cookies.

The Blue Zones diet limits sugar unless it is from fruit, where it occurs naturally. Milk tends to be avoided due to lactose

intolerance. Nuts are great snack foods. Bread is enjoyed and only consumed if it’s sourdough or 100 percent whole grain (wheat, rye, or barley), not refined flour, something we can be mindful of as we choose flour to make bread or pizza. For more, visit bluezones.com/recipes/foodguidelines.

Drink Up

People in the blue zones drink up to seven glasses of water per day. An interesting fact — Sardinians, Ikarians (Greece), and Nicoyans (Costa Rica) all drink copious amounts of coffee. Research has associated coffee drinking with lower rates of dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Green tea is enjoyed by all. Wine is enjoyed by people in the blue zones in moderation and mainly during social visits and meals.

p icking a g oo D Q Uality o live o il

According to Seasons Olive Oil and Vinegar Taproom, a New-Jersey based business that has stores in Pennsylvania and Maryland, the timing of the olive harvest makes a difference in flavor and quality. As olives ripen during the summer months, they begin to mature and soften and turn from a deep green color to more of a greenish-straw color — this is the perfect time to harvest them to produce premium quality oils that have the most flavor and polyphenol content. Extra virgin olive oil is the highest grade and purest quality olive oil available. The best way to identify a good olive oil is to dip some bread into it and taste it. If there is no aftertaste, it will be good for cooking or finishing meals. It should taste fresh, fruity, and have some

bitterness and pungency. Choose oils in glass jars so there is no reactivity, and the oil will maintain its quality. Use olive oil for cooking, adding to salads, and in baking in place of butter. I love olive oil cakes infused with orange or lemon essence. For more ideas, visit seasonstaproom.com.

I hope the following recipes inspire you to cultivate your own vegetable garden this summer. Gather with cherished friends and beloved family. Toss some pizzas on the grill, pour some vino, and sit around the table laughing and listening to songs by Zac Brown Band like “Grandma’s Garden,” a metaphor for life. With care and love we can cultivate a beautiful and bountiful garden. Cheers to a happy, healthy, and fun-filled summer enjoying nature’s bounty in all its glory.

For more cooking tips, check out my blog at marioochskitchen.com and follow me on Instagram @marioochcooks.

Note: This article is not recommending specific diets, but is sharing dietary trends. Disease prevention is a multi-pronged approach. As always, consult with your medical provider regarding any medical concerns.

Pasta Nerano (Spaghetti alla Nerano)

By Chef Roseangela Atte Serves 4 to 6

Chef Rosangela Atte, a professionally trained Italian chef, graciously offered this recipe to me to be featured in my cookbook Nourish — Celebrating Nature’s Harvest & A Healthy Lifestyle . We share Italian heritage, and love to cook and eat. This style of eating lends itself to Mediterranean cooking and using what’s fresh and in season, so use those zucchinis and the basil from your vegetable garden this summer!

Pasta Nerano, also known as Spaghetti alla Nerano, is a pasta dish invented in the Italian village of Nerano, on the Sorrento Peninsula where Rosangela spent many summers. The coastal road along the Amalfi coast is one of the marvels of Italian scenery. Citrus groves, vineyards, and olive groves cascade down the cliffs toward the sea, where curve after curve opens to incredible breathtaking views of the Gulf of Naples. Having visited there, I can attest to its beauty. It is one of the most enchanting and magical places in Italy. If you visit, bring your walking shoes.

This is a three main ingredients meal, brought together with the starchy pasta water to create a light, creamy, and delicious dish reminiscent of the quaint and picturesque town of Nerano.

Ingredients:

2 lbs. zucchini, thinly sliced widthwise (about 3 medium zucchinis)

½ lb. shredded Provolone Del Monaco (or half aged Pecorino Romano and half Caciocavallo)

½ cup extra virgin olive oil

1 lb. spaghetti (or gluten-free spaghetti)

Basil chiffonade or basil ribbons (or chopped fresh parsley)

1 fresh garlic clove

Ground sea salt

Also needed:

Medium-sized non-stick pan

Tongs

Add half the olive oil to the pan and swirl it around to completely cover the bottom. Allow it to heat for 5 minutes on medium. Fry the zucchini slices in the olive oil until golden brown, add sea salt, then flip to the other side and cook until golden. Drain on a paper towel. Do this in batches.

Add the remaining olive oil to the pan. Smash a garlic clove and add it to the olive oil. Heat on medium until golden and discard. This will infuse some flavor into the oil.

Cook the pasta according to package directions until it is a few minutes away from al dente. Reserve 1 cup of pasta water.

Place the pan on the back burner to avoid splashing hot oil and add the pasta to the oil and stir continually. Then add the pasta water, most of the zucchini (reserve some for plating), and a few basil leaves.

Through the process of continually mixing the water and oil, two immiscible liquids (a little food science), the pasta will become luxuriously creamy. Once the pasta starts becoming creamy, turn the heat off and slowly start adding the cheese, stirring between every addition. Make sure the cheese emulsifies with the starchy pasta water and becomes creamy by continually stirring.

Note: If you cannot find Provolone Del Monaco, use a combination of aged Pecorino Romano and Caciocavallo cheeses.

Once all the cheese is fully incorporated, you are ready to plate. Garnish with the remaining zucchini slices and basil leaves.

Pizza on the Grill

Cooking on an open fire is reminiscent of rustic outdoor living and something you would do if living in a remote location where a stove or inside oven isn’t available. This pizza can be made on the grill and is a nod to rustic outdoor living. It is charred to perfection and the crust is crisp and delicious. It is truly a multi-sensory experience: the smell from the fire and fresh herbs; the crunch of the crust; the vibrant pizza; and the earthy, smoky, charred taste of each slice. It’s a symphony of flavors in one bite!

Quick-Rise Pizza Dough Ingredients:

Yields 3 small pizzas (allow 1 hour for dough to rise)

4 cups all-purpose flour or whole wheat flour (or “00” flour made in Italy)

2 ¼ teaspoons quick rise (or rapid rise) yeast

1¼ teaspoon salt

¼ cup warm water

1 tablespoon granulated sugar

1¼ cup lowfat milk

1 cup nonfat Greek yogurt

1 tablespoon or more extra virgin olive oil

Pizza Toppings:

2 cups fresh mozzarella cheese, diced

2-3 cups jarred (or homemade) tomato sauce

Turkey pepperoni, small slices (optional)

Seasonings: oregano, salt, red chili flakes

Hot honey (optional)

Other ideas for toppings include using a white bean puree, sliced red onions, and a shaving of Pecorino Romano cheese. Once cooked, load each slice with arugula and a drizzle of extra virgin olive oil and balsamic vinegar. I love the 18-year aged balsamic vinegar from Seasons Olive Oil and Vinegar Tap Room.

Other Essentials:

Clean dish towel

Clean, lightly floured work surface

Platter for raw pizzas

Large wood board for cooked pizzas

Stand mixer with hook attachment

Two spatulas

Small bowls for toppings and sauce

Prepare the Dough: Combine the dough in the stand mixer bowl with hook attachment. Mix for 5 minutes or need by hand for 10 minutes. Cover tightly and place in a warm spot to rise. Rise time will be roughly 45 minutes.

Note: feel free to omit the dairy and substitute it with more water until the dough comes together and is no longer dry. Drizzling a little at a time is a good idea.

Grill Preparation: While the grill is off, brush the grill grates with olive oil or drench a paper towel in olive oil and rub onto grill grates using tongs. Be thorough, so pizza does not stick.

Next, heat the grill up to 450 degrees or higher — allow it to heat for 15 minutes.

Split the dough ball into three pieces. Press the dough out using your fingertips. It will be more of a flatbread-style pizza with a little crust edging. Transfer the formed pizza dough to a platter.

Once the grill is hot, transfer the pizza dough (top side down) onto the greased grill using two spatulas. Heat 2-4 minutes. Close the lid while it’s cooking. Next, flip the pizza (press out any air bubbles with the spatula), add the toppings, and heat an additional 4-5 minutes with the lid closed. Transfer the cooked pizza onto a wood board using clean spatulas. Serve the pizza right off the grill.

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NEW CONSTRUCTION, 5 BEDROOMS, 5.5 BATHS, FINISHED WALKOUT LOWER LEVEL, FULL UNFINISHED THIRD LEVEL WITH A LIGHTED CUPOLA, KNOWN AS THE THE LIGHTHOUSE ON PROVINCE LINE ROAD.

CUSTOM BUILT 5 BEDROOMS, 5.5 BATHS, SEPARATE 1 BEDROOM APARTMENT/INLAW SUITE, SPORTS COURT (BASKETBALL, PICKLEBALL OR VOLLEYBALL), DRIVING RANGE AND PUTTING GREEN.

CHERRY VALLEY

3 BEDROOMS,(PRIMARY ON THE FIRST FLOOR), 2.5 BATHS, VAULTED/TWO-STORY CEILINGS, FINISHED LOWER LEVEL AND BACKS TO THE 6TH FAIRWAY.

neighborhoods, within a short walk to town, the University and other cultural venues, this classic Federalist home embodies the community's history of sophistication. A grand, inviting hallway with a fireplace opens to the spacious living and dining rooms suitable for the most elegant entertaining. Built in a period of skilled craftsmanship, these well-proportioned rooms have high ceilings, deep moldings and other sought after details. First floor rooms flow seamlessly into one another and onto a large porch, facilitating warm weather entertaining. This important home has a circular driveway and is located on almost an acre of land with a three car garage and is waiting for a new owner to make it their own.

living and dining rooms suitable for the most elegant entertaining. Built in a period of skilled craftsmanship, these well-proportioned rooms have high ceilings, deep moldings and other sought after details. First floor rooms flow seamlessly into one another and onto a large porch, facilitating warm weather entertaining. This important home has a circular driveway and is located on almost an acre of land with a three car garage and is waiting for a new owner to make it their own.

Offered at $2,450,000

Offered at $2,450,000

ceilings, sparkling hardwood floors and EV charger. The well appointed Kitchen features commercial grade stainless steel appliances and large center island with an exquisite granite counter-top with sous sink plus a walkin Pantry. The first floor Bedroom Suite with private full Bath is perfect for guests. The yard features mature and colorful landscaping and is partially fenced. This location is a stones throw from Lake Carnegie, the charming town center and commuting highways. Discover this rare offering — a newer home in a mature neighborhood which has been thoughtfully updated, customized and is ready for a late summer occupancy! 253 Nassau Street, Princeton, NJ 08540 foxroach.com

Set in one of Princeton's most prestigious neighborhoods, within a short walk to town, the University and other cultural venues, this classic Federalist home embodies the community's history of sophistication. A grand, inviting hallway with a fireplace opens to the spacious living and dining rooms suitable for the most elegant entertaining. Built in a period of skilled craftsmanship, these well-proportioned rooms have high ceilings, deep moldings and other sought after details. First floor rooms flow seamlessly into one another and onto a large porch, facilitating warm weather entertaining. This important home has a circular driveway and is located on almost an acre of land with a three car garage and is waiting for a new owner to make it their own. Offered at $2,450,000 253

MARKETED BY

Judith Stier

Sales Associate

Judith Stier Sales Associate

MARKETED BY: Anne Nosnitsky

Broker-Sales Associate

Direct Line: 609.240.1232

Berkshire Hathaway Home Services Fox & Roach, Realtors 253 Nassau Street, Princeton, NJ 08540 Mobile: 609-468-0501

A Well-DesigneD life

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The Great room, with ceilings over 20 feet, terminates in a masterful coffered ceiling and grand chandelier. The nucleus of this room is the floor to ceiling window walls that make the Delaware River a living canvas. The Great Room moves seamlessly into the high-end kitchen featuring twin dishwashers, a built-in Miele cappuccino maker, and a Miele built-in steamer. The breakfast area is bathed in light and views of the river. The open concept of these two rooms provides the aesthetic design that is desired by today's buyers. The first-floor hallway leads to the elevator that services all floors, the utility and laundry rooms, and a very desirable first-floor home theater outfitted with 9 luxurious leather theater seats. The location of the home theater makes it more accessible for daily viewing than the usual awkward trip to the basement. $4,500,000

A Well-DesigneD life

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