WINSPIRE SEPTEMBER EDITION

An initiative

by IIM & IIT alumni

www.winspiremagazine.com

Vol: 2 | Issue : 12 | sepTember, 2016

ARE YOU ACCOUNTABLE OR RESPONSIBLE

?

The complete student magazine From Class VII onwards

GURU’S GIFT TO THE NATION The untold tale of Gopichand, Sindhu’s self-thought Guru

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O

n the occasion of teachers day we would like to honour the best teachers from your school by conducting a special Teachers’ Day contest for school students. participants should write about “A teacher who made a difference in their life” in not more than 50 words on a paper using a pen, scan the essay and mail it to winspiremagazine@gmail.com, along with a passport size photograph.

The name, class, school, phone no and city of the participant should be mentioned in the scanned write-up and the email. The last day for sending the entries is september 20. Any entry violating any of the above rules will be disqualified. There will be first, second, third and consolation prizes along with this the best inspired teachers are also honoured on the behalf of students by winspire magazine team.

FreeDom CoNTesT WINNers

Thank you to all the students who participated in our ‘FreeDom CoNTesT 16’. Here are the winners Consolation winners

1st Aayush, SPR School Of Excellence (MLG); 7th Class-C

2nd G.ushasree Kakatiya high school, 9th class

Vandana, s. bhanu Teja, Kakatiya high Suvidhya School school, 8th class 8th Class

EDITORIAL

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The dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the next plateau, sometimes poking you with a sharp stick called ‘truth’.

– Plato Dear Readers, It’s September again, and bringing back this famous quote by Plato is kind of necessary for an added dose of inspiration. Because it’s that time to celebrate some of the most important people of our lives. They reveal the reality of this world and prepare us to fight the harsh battles of life. This famous Sanskrit sloka pretty much sums up the importance of teachers in our lives.

Vol: 2, Issue: 12 September, 2016 The Winspire Team EDITOR Chandan Kumar Pulijala ASSOCIATE EDITORS Anil Kumar Vishwanadhula Shiva Krishna SUB-EDITORS Ravi Kumar Ranjit Rao Supriya Chatterjee HONORARY ADVISOR Pro. Avuti Jagadeesh (DEO) COVER & LAYOUT Surya Teja Graphics FOR ADVERTISING Contact: 9550585505 HEAD OFFICE: II Floor, Mathrubhoomi Nivas, Opp. Aditya Eden park, Nallagandla, Lingampally, Hyderabad-500 019.

Printed and Published by Chandan Kumar Pulijala Printed at H.No. 6-3-286, Near Geeta Vignan School, Ramagiri, Dist-Nalgonda-508001, Telangana www.winspiremagazine.com www.facebook.com/ winspirestudentmonthly

गुरु ब्रम्हा गुरु विष्णू

गुरुः देवो महेश्वरा

गुरु शाक्षात परब्रम्हा

तस्मै श्री गुरुवे नमः

Here we wish a very happy teachers’ day to every person who has ever been a guiding light in someone’s life. On the occasion of the teachers day, to honour the teacher, our Vartalaap for the month features most eminent and inspirational personality, The Guru, The Coach, The Mentor, Pullela Gopichand, a former badminton player who transformed the face of the sports in India by gifting the Olympic medals to the nation and inspiring the next generation to take up sports as their career choice. Along with this the magazine also covers its regular features like puzzles, GK, quiz, etc to keep you updated with uncharted ocean of knowledge.

CONTENTS Story...........................................3

Remembering Dr. Radhakrishnan ............. 4 GST Bill................................. 6 Olympic Heroes................... 8 Science Facts...................... 10 How stuff works?............... 12 Quiz..................................... 14 Spin a tale........................... 15

Guru’s Gift to the Nation.. 16 Are you accountable.......... 22 GK....................................... 24 Puzzles................................ 27 Science Project................... 28 Career Guidance................ 30 Detective questions........... 34 Current Events................... 36 Fun Point............................ 40

Winspire shows the way to prepare, a right direction to take, where to start..

NOTE: “If you have any complaints regarding content or any other issues mail us at winspiremagazine@gmail.com or contact us on winspiremagazine.com”.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

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PARENTS LETTER

Dear Parents

W

e are very happy to introduce you WINSPIRE an educational print magazine started by an IIT & IIM alumni to help your children to THINK and GROW BIG. The articles are tailor-made for students in Class VII and above. It’s a new dimension of learning which focuses on 4 aspects, which are important for the students to succeed in life and the content is sourced from the best minds of the country, including the graduates of IIT & IIM and the intellectuals settled in corporate, government, scientific and academic fields.

The Four aspects of WINSPIRE are:

Motivation: To overcome the fear and obstacles in reaching the goals, WINSPIRE motivates the students through inspirational stories of successful people, motivational quotes and book recommendations. We identified through research that the dose of inspiration is required to students on a regular basis because motivation is a key for any individual to attain full potential in life.

Career Guidance: Since market dynamics are changing so drastically with the advent of technology, students need to be updated about the emerging fields and the job opportunities available. WINSPIRE is trying to help them by educating about different career choices and the means to achieve those. Because successful people choose the right CAREER that suits them well.

General Knowledge: Whatever career a students may choose, General Knowledge is a key for growth and success in their career. We provide a monthly gist of all the events happened in a particular month. Along with it, 20% of the magazine is dedicated towards providing them general awareness about things happening around them.

Creating interest in academics: We provide interest in their own subjects such as Science, Social, English, Mathematics and Reasoning through puzzles, speed math tests, reasoning questions and so on. We also prepare their mindset that is required for the competitive examinations.

Usefulness to Students

WINSPIRE is a great way to acquire knowledge outside the textbooks and this would definitely help students THINK BIG in life and we are very confident that we will be creating good citizens of the country through our WINSPIRATIONAL MAGAZINE.

Show this to your parents

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

STORY

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The Cow and the Owner

T

he Teacher was walking through the market place with his students. They saw a man dragging a cow by a rope. Teacher told the man to wait and asked his students to surround them. “I am going to teach you something” and continued...

“Tell me who is bound to whom? Is the cow bound to this man or the man is bound to the cow?

The students said without hesitation “Of course the cow is bound to the man!. The man is the master. He is holding the rope. The cow has to follow him wherever he goes. The man is the master and the cow is the slave.”

“Now watch this”, said the teacher and took a pair of scissors from his bag and cut the rope. The cow ran away from the master and the man ran after his cow. “Look, what is happening”, said the Teacher .

“Do you see who the Master is? The cow is not at all interested in this man. The cow in fact, is trying to escape from this man.” This is the case with our mind.

Like the cow, all the non-sense that we carry inside is not interested in us. We are interested in it, we are keeping it together somehow or the other. We are going crazy trying to keep it all together under our control.

The moment we lose interest in all the garbage filled in our head, and the moment we understand the futility of it, it will start to disappear. Like the cow, it will escape and disappear.” We can allow disappearing of all the unwanted things from our mind and feel relaxed.

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Remembering Dr. Radhakrishnan the best teacher philosopher and mentor Happy Teachers’ Day

“A good teacher is like a candle, it consumes itself to light the way for other.”

T

he quote is apt for Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the best teacher, philosopher and mentor India had. We have been celebrating his birthday, September 5, as Teachers Day across the nation since 1962. The humble suggestion came from Dr Radhakrishnan himself at a time when he was the president of the country.

He asked his students and friends, who were seeking permission to celebrate his birthday, “Instead of celebrating my birthday, it would be my proud privilege

if 5 September is observed as Teachers’ Day.” Dr Radhakrishnan’s journey from a small village at the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, to the President of India, is quite an interesting one. Let’s take a look.

His Early Days as the Educator After pursing MA degree in Philosophy in 1908, the charismatic leader was appointed as a faculty member by the Department of Philosophy at

Madras Presidency College.

Radhakrishna’s only aim was to impart students with the best education. He kept moving from one institution to another, moulding students into better human beings.

He was such a great teacher that his students loved and respected him immensely.

One incident that testifies the fact: His students arranged for a flower-decked carriage and pulled it themselves to drop their best teacher till the railway station, when he had decided to leave Mysore

We must respect our own dignity as rational beings and thus diminish the power of fraud. It is better to be free than be a slave, better to know than to be ignorant.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

T’DAY SPECIAL

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The end-product of education should be a free creative man, who can battle against historical circumstances and adversities of nature

University, which he had joined in 1918, to join as a professor in Calcutta.

The Writer & Social Activist His plethora of knowledge was not just confined to the four walls of these institutions, rather it reflected in many newspapers and journals of repute, wherein he used to contribute by writing columns. Radhakrishnan is also the author of renowned books: ‘The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore’ and ‘The Reign of Religion in Contemporary Philosophy.’

Not to forget, the great philosopher was the one to represent University of Calcutta at Congress of Universities of the British Empire in June 1926 and also at International Congress of Philosophy at Harvard University in September 1926.

His Tryst with Indian Politics The years when India was struggling to free itself from the shackles of Britishers, Radhakrishnan played an active role not only in the Indian politics but in international affairs, too.

Many have regarded him as the bridge-builder between India and the West. In 1949, the then prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, seeing the persona of Radhakrishnan, appointed him as the Indian Ambassador to Moscow. This post remained with him until 1952 and provided him an opportunity to showcase his own philosophical-political ideals, which helped him enter the Rajya Sabha. The Upper House of the Indian Parliament paved the way to success for Radhakrishnan and since then he didn’t look

back. He was elected as the first vice-president of India in year 1952 and in year 1962, he became the second President of India.

From The Heart Dr Radhakrishnan will always remain as an inspiration for not only the students but also the educators. He had a firm belief that a good teacher can guide his students to highest success in life and that is why he said, “Teachers should be the best minds in the country”.

Seeing the current situation visible in most of the schools across the country, the only question that arises is that will there ever be a teacher like Dr Radhakrishnan, again who not only gained respect from his students but also selflessly helped them become better citizens of India.

The main function of a university is not to grant degrees and diplomas, but to develop the university spirit and advance learning. The former is impossible without corporate life, the letter without honours and post-graduate WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

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GST BILL

GST….. GST….. GST…., which was there in the news headlines last month, every time your dad watched the news you heard some buzz around GST Bill or you may have seen this word in the headlines. Did it leave you wondering what is it all about?

Were you as confused as us in this? Well, we have done some research and simplified the whole scenario for you. Read on… (Thank us later!)

What is GST?

GST stands for Goods and Service tax. It is India’s most ambitious indirect tax reform plan, which aims to stitch together a common market by dismantling fiscal barriers between states. It is a single national uniform tax levied across India on all goods and services.

GST is a tax levied when consumer buys any good or service. There are three components of GST-

Quick

• Central GST (CGST) – it will be Levied by Centre • State GST (SGST) – It will be levied by State

Facts

• GST or Good and Service Tax bill was passed on 8th August 2016 by Lok Sabha • To make way for the Bill, the Constitution was amended for the 122nd time in 2014.

• The idea for GST was first conceived in 2000 and came into being last month after it managed to get consensus.

• Constitution Amendment Bill is not expected to come into force before April 1, 2017. This is beside the fact that states, India Inc, and industries will have to prepare themselves for a completely new tax regime.

• Indirect Tax- Indirect taxes are taxes levied on manufacture of goods, provision of services and consumption. In India, generally speaking, these are the exclusive domain of central government. Taxes on consumption are the exclusive domain of state governments.

• Cascade Tax - A tax that is levied on a good at each stage of the production process up to the point of being sold to the final consumer WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

GST BILL

Questions What products are excluded from GST?

Which countries (Name any FIVE) have already implemented GST tax?

• Integrated GST (IGST) – It will be levied by Central Government on Intestate supply of Good and Services Remarkable thing about GST is that it avoids “cascading of taxes”.

Why do we need it?

The indirect tax system is currently mired in multilayered taxes levied by the Centre and state governments at different stages of the supply chain such as excise duty, octroi, central sales tax (CST) and value-added tax (VAT), among others. In GST, all these will be subsumed under a single regime.

Manufacturing is the first basic process that almost all finished products that reach us undergo before they are deemed fit for consumption.

Suppose a shirt is made in a factory and the manufacturer wants to sell it. The central government levies its indirect tax called central excise at the factory gate. Subsequently, the shirt reaches a retail outlet and is bought by a consumer.

The state government, at this stage, levies a tax on consumption dubbed value added tax (VAT). So, we have a tax at the factory gate which

adds to the cost of the shirt and another tax on the final price.

Since states have their exclusive domain on consumption tax within their borders, they treat goods coming from other states as “imports.” For example, if a shirt maker in Uttar Pradesh buys dye in Bihar, he would have paid central excise and Bihar’s state taxes on the product. On this cost, Uttar Pradesh government would levy its tax if the shirt is sold in the state. If the shirt is sent across Uttar Pradesh’s border and sold in Delhi, an “export” tax called central sales tax is collected by UP. As the example suggests, India is politically one country, but economically it is fragmented.

There are multiple taxes when there is commerce across state borders. Consequently, it increases costs for everyone and makes economic activity within India for Indians complicated.

How GST is different from other taxes

Currently there are many indirect taxes. We all know about Service Tax, VAT, Luxury tax etc. You can see these taxes whenever you

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

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check out from a hotel and whenever you pay the bill at restaurant. The bill they offer to you contains these taxes.

Now, what GST does is that it combines all these taxes into one, i.e. subsumes all other indirect taxes. It is done for all the Central level and State level taxes. The nature of GST is that it taxes only the final customer. Hence the cascading of taxes is avoided and production costs are cut down.

How will it help us?

At every level as mentioned in the above example a certain amount of tax is levied which ultimately increases the price paid by the final consumer.

Now say you’ve ordered a pizza. Along with the cost of the pizza, you usually see at least two other tax amounts (VAT and Service Tax). Here, you paid taxes for the final product you received. But what you never realized was that the price of the pizza also included some portion of tax levied upon the seller.

There were taxes on the flour, on cheese, on the tomatoes used to manufacture sauce, the sauce that is produced in bulk etc. Approximately, in the current scenario as the final consumer you pay 20% taxes on each product. Once GST is enforced, you would get a clear and transparent amount, for example 15% tax.

Besides transparency, the cost will also come down because a single final product will not be taxed again and again.

8 Is India a sporting nation?

INSPIRATION

D

o you believe that India is a sporting nation? If we ask you who is your favourite sportsperson 90% of you would name Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli (or some other cricketer).

In fact many of you would even prefer cricket as a career! In light of recent Olympic Games at Rio, Winspire brings you heartwarming stories of some non-cricketing Olympic stars who have made the country proud. After all, our world has much more to offer than just cricket!

Lalita Babar - Born to Run

Born in Satara, Maharashtra, Lalita Babar hails from a small village often affected by drought.

Life wasn’t easy for her as her journey from Satara to Rio was surely a long one. She is a long distance runner who represented India at the Rio Olympics this year in 3000 meters Steeplechase. The current Asian Steeplechase champion also holds the national record for the sport for three consecutive years.

Each time she betters herself.

FICCI and The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports awarded her the Sports Person of the Year and India Sports Award in 2015.

“As a youngster, she ran — not walked — four kilometers every day to her school and back. As a teenager, she ran to faraway wells to fetch water for the 17 people that she shared a home with. She ran through the fields as she went about her chores on the farm. She ran barefoot and on all kinds of roads.”

Lalita’s achievements 1. She clocked 9:27.86, finishing fourth in her heat and eighth overall, thus qualifying for the finals. She has become the first Indian woman athlete to do so.

2. In 2014 Incheon Asian Games, she won the bronze medal and broke the national record held by Sudha Singh.

She then beat her own record twice – once in 2015 Asian Championship and now again at the 2015 World Athletics Championships.

Kidambi Srikanth

S

rikanth Nammalwar Kidambi, born in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh is one of the global badminton stars. Unfortunately lesser known our country, Srikanth holds the 11th position in worldwide rankings. In 2015, he became the first Indian male to win gold at the Swiss Open Grand Prix. Besides, he was also the first Indian to win the China Open super Series in 2014.

Srikanth’s achievements

1. He won 2014 China Open Super Series Premier after beating Lin Dan by 21–19 21–17 in the final round, thus becoming the first Indian to win a Super Series Premier Men’s title.

2. He is the highest ranked Indian men’s player in the international circuit with a world ranking of 11 as of August 11, 2016.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

INSPIRATION

Dipa Karmakar

T

he brightest star at Rio, Dipa didn’t win a medal as she finished fourth but she surely managed to win hearts as she finished fourth at the Games. The Bengali girl from Tripura shot to fame as she qualified for the Olympic Games. The 23 year old is the first Indian gymnast to do so in 52 years. She secured a spot at the gymnastics final after performing the deadly ‘Produnova’, a move, if gone wrong, could cause immediate death. In fact only five gymnasts in the world, including Dipa can perform this act.

Sakshi Malik

B

orn on September 3, 1992, in Rohtak, Haryana, Sakshi Malik has her supportive parents, Sudesh and Sukhbir, to thank for encouraging her in her unusual career choice. The 23-year-old from Mokhra village began her training in wrestling as a 12-year-old under the guidance of Ishwar Dahiya at an akhara in the Chotu Ram stadium.

Her grooming was helped along by having to fight a lot of boys, in a region where the sport was ‘not for girls’. In fact, Dahiya faced protests from locals when he took Sakshi under his wing.

Sakshi’s achievements 1. She has won bronze medal at the 2010 Junior World Championships in the 59-kg category, Gold medal at the 2014 Dave Schultz International Wrestling Tournament (60-kg).

2. She also has won silver medal in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, bronze medal in 2015 Senior Asian Wrestling Championships in Doha and bronze medal at the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix in 60-kg category.

3. Won India’s first medal at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games by clinching the bronze in the 58kg category.

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Dipa ‘s Achievements 1. At 2014 Commonwealth Games held at Glasgow she had created history becoming the first Indian female gymnast to win medal (bronze) in history of the games.

2. She also had won a bronze medal at the Asian Gymnastics Championships and had finished fifth at the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.

3. She is also one of the five women who have successfully landed on very difficult Produnova vault in competition.

These are some of the underdogs of the Indian sporting world, who are internationally acclaimed. If you compare them to athletes from The United States, Russia, China or even cricketers of India, the picture is not very pretty. We are all aware of the facilities and training that is made available to cricketers. Huge amount of funds are used by the BCCI. However, other sports remain clearly neglected.

The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) is unable meet the basic requirements of our sports persons. To our surprise, there are non-governmental organizations like GoSports Foundation that support and sponsor them. What is a thriving career in several countries is in a sorry state here.

We all want to cash in their success when they emerge victorious and criticize them when they fail. It is their real struggle, away from cameras and popularity of which we remain unaware.

If you are passionate about sports, you can blow the winds of change.

Remember that there people like Sunil Chhetri (played for Kansas City against Manchester United) whose worth wasn’t recognized by India but who got to prove himself on international platforms.

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KNOW WHY?

SCIENCE FACTS

the acceptable limits for radon emanation from the building materials. Granites from India and Egypt have very low emanation rates, and are by far the best in the world in this regard.

Is it true that granites and marbles release small amounts of nuclear radiation?

There are zig-zag lines on human skull.

What do they signify?

Granite and marble, like other naturally occurring substances like air, water, minerals etc contain tiny but measurable quantities of radioactive elements in different proportions.

Uranium, thorium and their daughter products like radium, polonium, radon, thoron, are generally present.

The skull is made of eight flat bones. These are joined together closely.

The zig-zag lines one finds over the surface of human skull are immovable joints exclusively found between the cranial bones which form the human skull. Several types of sutures are recognised according to how the margins of bones unite. In some sutures the bone margins merge smoothly, in others they overlap while in some the margins interlock.

This architecture bestows on the skull adequate strength and decreases the chances of their fractures. The four prominent sutures found on the surface of the skull are: • The Coronal suture crossing the skull in the left-right direction in the front.

• The Lambdoid suture crossing the skull in the left-right direction in the back.

• The Sagital suture running front to back in the middle of the skull.

• The Squamous suture running front to back on the sides of the skull.

Fontanels are the `soft spots’ one finds when he or she feels a newborn’s head. They are membrane filled spaces which would, as the child grows, transform into sutures.

It is this arrangement that enables the foetal skull to modify its size and shape as it passes through the birth canal and also permits rapid growth of the brain during infancy.

The amount of radioactivity emitted by the rocks varies from place to place. It is estimated that on an average, in each kilogram of granite, about 60 to 70 atoms of uranium and about 10 atoms of thorium and their associated elements emit radiation every second. Further, close to 1200 atoms of potassium give out radiation each second.

Radiation emission due to uranium and potassium in marble (which is derived from limestone) is about one tenth of what is found in granite. But, the radiation emission due to thorium in marble, is almost the same as in granite. The radioactivity levels in granite and marble are too small to be of any concern.

All construction materials, in general, give off a small amount of radon gas, which is radioactive.

The gas can accumulate in poorly ventilated buildings, usually found in countries with very cold climate. Inhaling the accumulated radon could give rise to a small degree of radiation exposure. Therefore, several western countries have prescribed

How do certain species of birds such as humming birds, terns, gulls and kestrels remain in the air without a forward motion?

The humming bird’s wings consist mainly of elongated hand bones to which WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

KNOW WHY? the flight feathers are attached, and the whole wing can rotate as does the wrist. The short arm bones not only allow movement in all directions but can also accommodate axialrotation through 180 degrees. The tips of the wings are capable of achieving a great deal of controlled movements. Birds have two sets of muscles operating the wings.

One powers the down-strokes and the other provides the upstroke or lifts the wings. A humming bird has more number of muscles to lift it upwards. The angles through which the wings can be twisted and rotated by means of the big muscles that give the upstroke, can convert even the upstroke into a power movement providing both lift and propulsion.

Thus the bird is able to hover in perfectly still air, its quivering wings moving rapidly backwards and forwards rather than up and down, the tips of the primary feathers tracing a figure of eight. Every time the beat is reversed, the wings are pivoted through 180 degrees, this ensuring that the front edge always leads, and on the back stroke, it is always the underside of the flight feathers which are on the top. This means that although forward and backstrokes both produce lift the two actually cancel each other out and leave the bird still on station with no movement. The kestrel and kingfisher are adept at this, but it does not constitute true hovering. Humming birds are able to maintain their hovering in perfectly still air, a feat totally beyond the kestrel which, true to its vernacular name of wind hover, cannot function unless a breeze is flowing, even though this can be so slight that at ground it may not be noticeable to a human observer.

Why does the flesh colour of a cut brinjal turn to rust brown after some time?

Several vegetables and fruits turn brown due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds in the wounded cut surface. Exposure to WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

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the atmosphere and the action of oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, lead to this reaction in cut surfaces. These phenolic compounds and the oxidative enzymes usually are in separate cellular compartments.

Wounding or other damage brings them together leading to the oxidative reaction. This is more obvious in fruits or vegetables like brinjal, plantain, apple, potato etc., which do not have adequate levels of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Immersing in salt solution to prevent contact with oxygen or applying vitamin C rich liquids such as lemon juice to the cut surface, will delay the darkening.

Why do high tension wires produce a humming sound?

Air surrounding the conductors of a high voltage overhead transmission line is normally an insulator. But at extra high voltages (66,000 volts and above), the air in close proximity to the conductor tends to

break down under the voltage stress, along the length of the conductor and itself becomes a conductor. This is known as corona effect.

Corona appears in two forms, visible corona as a bluish violet light and audible corona as a hum. Audible corona is common. Visual corona requires a higher voltage stress.

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HOW STUFF WORKS?

Why does a curved piece of glass make it easier to see?

Lenses: How does it work?

M

icroscopes let us peer inside invisible worlds our eyes could never see, telescopes take us far beyond the Earth to the stars and planets of the night sky, movie projectors throw enormous images onto screens, and lighthouses cast reassuring beams of light far across the ocean. Amazing curves of glass or plastic called lenses make all these things possible.

Let’s take a closer look at what they are and how they work!

What are lenses?

A lens is a transparent piece of glass or plastic with at least one curved surface.

How do lenses work?

A lens works by refraction: it bends light rays as they pass through it so they change direction. That means the rays seem to come from a point that’s closer or further away from where they actually originate—and that’s what makes objects seen through a lens seem either bigger or smaller than they really are.

Types of lenses

There are two main types of lenses, known as convex (or converging) and concave (or diverging).

Convex lenses

In a convex lens (sometimes called

Convex lens Focal pint

Focal pint a positive lens), the glass (or plastic) surfaces bulge outwards in the center giving the classic lentil-like shape.

A convex lens is also called a converging lens because it makes parallel light rays passing through it bend inward and meet (converge) at a spot just beyond the lens known as the focal point.

Convex lenses are used in things like telescopes and binoculars to bring distant light rays to a focus in your eyes.

Concave lenses

A concave lens is exactly the opposite with the outer surfaces curving inward, so it makes parallel light rays curve outward or diverge.

That’s why concave lenses are sometimes called diverging lenses. (One easy way to remember the difference between concave and convex lenses is to think of concave

lenses caving inwards.)

Concave lenses are used in things like TV projectors to make light rays spread out into the distance. In a flashlight, it’s easier to do this job with a mirror, which usually weighs much less than a lens and is cheaper to manufacture as well.

How do you measure the power of a lens?

If you’ve ever looked through binoculars, a telescope, or a magnifying glass, you’ll know that some lenses magnify (or reduce) the apparent size of an object much more than others.

There’s a simple measurement that tells you how powerful a lens is and it’s known as the focal length. The focal length of a lens is the distance from the center of the lens to the point at which it focuses light rays. The shorter the focal length, the more powerful the

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

HOW STUFF WORKS?

MAKE A WATER LENS! A lens made from a water droplet magnifying a newspaper. Do this in your kitchen or bathroom to avoid making a mess.

• Take an old newspaper or magazine no-one wants anymore.

• Lay a small piece of cellophane, cling film, or clear plastic on top of the newspaper. You don’t need much— maybe a piece half the size of a paperback book cover.

• Using an eye-dropper, pipette, syringe, teaspoon, or even the tip of your pinkie, place a single, small drop of water on top of the cling film.

• Look at the newsprint and you should be able to see that the water drop (which has a curved upper edge and a flat lower edge) magnifies the words.

• Well done, you just made a lens!

• What happens if you make the water drop bigger or smaller? What if you lift the plastic away from the paper and move your lens nearer or further from the print?

What other cunning things can you do to change the way your lens works? Like all great scientists, take the chance to play around and experiment.

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Concave Lens

Focal pint

Focal length lens. (It’s easy to see why: an ordinary piece of glass would be like a lens of infinite focal length and wouldn’t bring light rays to a focus at all. On the other hand, an infinitely powerful lens would bring lays rays to a focus in an infinitely short distance, with zero focal length. A real lens is somewhere between these two extremes.)

You’ll find focal lengths written either in ordinary units of length (such as centimeters, millimeters, or inches) or in special optical units called diopters. The diopter measurement of a lens is the reciprocal of the focal length in meters (one divided by the focal length), so 1 diopter = 1 m, 2 diopters = 0.5 m, 3 diopters = 0.33 meters, and

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

so on. Eyeglass prescriptions from opticians typically show the strength of the corrective lenses you need in diopters.

The focal length isn’t the only important feature of a lens. Bigger lenses gather more light than smaller ones, so they make a brighter image. This is particularly important if you’re choosing a lens for a camera, because the amount of light the lens gathers will determine what the image looks like. Camera lenses are usually rated with a measurement called the f-number, which is the focal length divided by the diameter. Generally speaking, lenses with a small f-number make brighter images. Lenses with a higher f-number have a bigger depth of focus: essentially, more of the object you’re photographing and its surroundings are in focus at the same time. (If you want to know more, take a look at Louis Bloomfield’s explanation of lens size.)

14

QUIZ

IDENTIFY THESE IMPORTANT BOUNDARY LINES BOUNDARY LINES: The line which demarcates the two countries is termed as Boundary line. Through using these boundary lines between different nations we can easily find the borders or territory limits of the countries. All the countries have boundary lines with particular names to identify or remember them easily. In this month’s quiz we come up with the list of some international boundary lines with the respective countries it separates. Match the following countries with their respective lines.

MACMAHON LINE

PAL STRAIT

RADCLIFFE LINE

24TH PARALLEL

DURAND LINE

MAJINOT LINE

ALPINE LINE

MARKAT REEF

MEDICINE LINE

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

15

PUZZLE

Spin a tale

1

We will give you outlines of a known story, may be something you have heard in your childhood and you have to re-create the story as per your imagination.

O

2

You have to use at least 5 elements from the outline and write your own short story in 200500 words.

7 8 9

3

It cannot be the original story but has to be something entirely different.

Say we give you the Rabbit and the Tortoise race story.

You can add some science fiction, some fantasy or anything you like and give us a fresh story.

4

Send us your entries by 5th October 2016 on winspiremagazine@ gmail.com. The best three entries will be published in the next edition and the best ten will make it on our FB page (announce a prize too)

THIS MONTH’S OUTLINE

nce upon a time there was a fox- he was hungry-saw a grape vineyard- the farm had a herd of sheep-a wolf was near the vineyard-he was hungry too-he wanted to eat one of the sheep- the fox walked into the vineyard-tried to reach the grapes-the sheep laughed at him-he could not reach the grapes-the wolf eyed on the sheep

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

2

5 6

Here are the rules

0 1

3 4

Did you know that writing is therapeutic? Words that flow out from your pen (or your PC) can be a great stress-buster.

Besides unleashing your creative genius, they can take your innermost inhibitions out. Winspire believes that there is no limit to creativity. So this time, we bring to you a unique competition.

16

The name on everyone’s lips today is PV Sindhu.

An Olympic Silver medal at the age of 21 has made her an overnight sensation, and she would have inspired the next generation to take up the sport. But, the man who was behind her transformation into a world was Pullela Gopichand. This one man has transformed the face of the sport in this country in the last ten years.

GURU’S GIFT TO THE NATION

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

INSPIRATION

In 2000, a 26-year-old Indian badminton player reached Sydney hoping to win the country’s first-ever medal in badminton in the Olympics. A straight-sets pre-quarterfinal defeat cut short the dream, and he left the biggest sporting stage dejected and depressed.

He returned to the stage 12 years later without a racquet in his hand and with his protégé Saina by the side, to deliver the elusive Olympic medal for the country. Four years later, yesterday, he did it again and turned the bronze Saina delivered into a Silver to show the whole world India’s emerging prowess in the sport. After the disappointment at Sydney, Gopichand went on to become an AllEngland champion in 2001, battling adversity and conquering all the odds. But, an Olympic medal remained an elusive dream. He retired from his playing career in 2004, at the age of 30, but that brought out a new avatar out of him – a coach. As a coach, Gopichand, popularly known as Gopi, wanted to fulfil the dream that evaded him as a player and planned an academy in the outskirts of Hyderabad.

The land for the academy came from the State government after they awarded 5 acres to him as a token of appreciation for winning the All England Championship. But, for a world-class academy, just the land was not enough. Gopi needed Rs. 13 crore to build it up WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

17

from scratch, but corporate world turned a blind eye when he approached them.

He finally mortgaged his house for Rs. 3 crore and with the help of industrialist Nimmagadda Prasad and few others, Gopi started his project to give India an Olympic medal.

The former All England champion had a unique ability of finding talent and found budding stars like Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu very early in their career. Saina joined Gopi when she was 14, while Sindhu came even earlier at 11. With his protégés making waves in the Indian badminton circuit, Gopichand became the Indian coach in 2006. At that point of time, there was no Indian in the top-100 world rankings in any event. Fast forward 10 years, and India has nine men’s singles players and five women’s singles players in the top-100. Apart from the Olympic medals, World Championship medals, Asian Games and Commonwealth Games medals, umpteen International titles, India even had a World No.1 and a World No. 3 a year back. And interestingly, more than 90% of them have come from the Gopichand Academy. Such has been the influence of the 42-year-old that India is now considered to be among the elites of badminton.

But, all this did not come easy. Gopi’s hands-on approach with all the shuttlers has changed the landscape of the sport in the country. So much so that, some trainees at the academy used to call it as a three-star prison.

None of the players were allowed to go out of the academy without the permission of the coach, even for a gentle stroll. Cell phones were also not allowed inside the premises as Gopi trained the next generation of Indian badminton stars from morning 4.30 to 9 at night. The Indian coach ruled the academy with an iron fist, and kept an eye on everything his wards were

18

INSPIRATION

doing minute by minute. The logic of Gopi’s methods was hard to fathom initially, but as years passed, the success on the court justified the methods of the man.

Before the London Olympics, Gopi kept an eye on what Saina Nehwal was doing every single minute. He obsessively monitored the diet and training regimes of the badminton star and even raided her refrigerator to make sure that something unhealthy was not making it to her body. In the run-up to the Games, Gopi put Saina on a strict diet and from February to August that year, Saina lost 5.5kgs to get fit and ready for the quadrennial event. Gopi understood the competition at hand, and was sure that fitness will play a big part in the event. The loss of weight made Saina’s movement faster on the court, and by the end of the competition, she had a bronze medal around her neck. At Rio, Gopi did a similar thing with PV Sindhu and Kidambi

Srikanth. Saina Nehwal was training under Vimal Kumar now, and the former All England champion put all his efforts into producing another Olympic medal with Sindhu and Srikanth. Gopichand started preparing for the Olympics a year back and provided Sindhu with a weight trainer and fitness expert in a bid to build her stamina and strength on the court. It was a work in progress, and although the results were not visible on the court, Gopichand was clear about the aim.

Gopi once again followed the diet of his wards obsessively and forbade Sindhu and Srikanth from drinking even water from outside for fear of a doping sabotage and made them eat only with him by their side. There were no chocolates or biryanis for Sindhu, while Twitter and mobile phone were another forbidden area. Gopi also woke up early and spent time with Sindhu and Srikanth to analyse their opponents and their own game.

“You can feel lazy about having to get up at 3am every day to reach the academy for training, but when you see Gopi Sir do it for you, you only feel inspired,” said Srikanth.

Even during the match, Gopi was always there to push Sindhu and Srikanth. When Sindhu transformed into a fist-pumping, screaming shuttler at Rio, Gopi was doing the same from his seat. The Dronacharya of Indian badminton screamed and pushed the 21-yearold youngster till the final before Carolina Marina out-screamed everyone on the planet.

The gentle and shy Gopi had a will of steel on

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

INSPIRATION

19

‘Five Guru-Mantras’ that helped Sindhu to win Silver Medal • PUNCTUALITY: Pullela Gopichand is known to be a tough taskmaster and for years, Olympic Silver medallist PV Sindhu trained in the 4.30 am shift before other stars such as Saina Nehwal before 6 am.

Gopichand’s fondness of starting practice early is quite popular.

• STAY AWAY FROM THE INTERNET: Gopichand’s students have no access to internet and are allowed mobile phone calls only on Sundays. They don’t even venture out in the evenings as they have to be up by 4 am for the first shift of practice.

• PERSEVERANCE KEY TO SUCCESS: Displaying her sheer determination, Sindhu used to travel 30 kms to reach the training academy. Dropping the 10-year-old Sindhu for the morning practice, then to school and then again for evening practice was her father’s routine for six days a week for more than 4 years before they shifted from Secunderabad.

• DISCIPLINE AND HARD WORK: Six time national champion, Gopichand believes that there cannot be easy-going methods to achieve success. He believes in the ‘mantra’ that one needs to train hard, be tough on themselves and persevere day in and day out.

• COMMITTED PRACTICE: Gopichand has won many coaching accolades including Dronacharya Award. He sternly believes in the fact that one has to be at 100 percent all the time and that needs committed practice. court and made his wards in the same style.

After struggling to find financial aid for his academy back in 2004, Gopichand currently has a second one in the same area. The factory of Indian badminton has produced many stars – Saina, Sindhu, Srikanth, Prannoy and many more – and the demand to get into it has only increased over the years.

In fact, a common joke is to have a clone of Gopichand so that he can train twice the number of players at the same time. However, Gopichand’s dreams of securing a Gold medal at Olympics still remains a dream. But, with the Dronacharya of Indian badminton at the helm of affairs, the dream is sure to get fulfilled at Tokyo 2020.

Above everything else,

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

Sindhu truly believes she is among the few who get to do what they love all the time.

Her friends and family are all in the sport as well. It is this love for badminton, together with complete passion and the desire to win, that we have seen from Sindhu every time she has taken to the court in Rio. For the 21-yearold, the sky is the limit.

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CALL IT WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

NK FAST IN 15 MINUTES

21

This is what it’s like What are you working to achieve?

Keep that clear in your mind.

Sketch out the plan for a clear road map.

Once you have identified your needs, start with the easy things. This is to keep you going and save time. Nothing should stop you, if that means you have to borrow something you can’t do, do that!

Remember, as you progress, don’t think too much and just keep going the most crucial bit. Skip what is not working for you, that’s fine.

Keep going, don’t stop.

S

ALE

HING

String all your work together and steal if need be.

Hide your sources to let the world think where you came up with all the impressive stuff from.

Go beyond the boundaries of creativity and intelligence.

Package everything and there you will see, you are where you wanted to be in the end.

DONE WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

22

?

SOFT SKILLS

Are you accountable or responsible

A

ll of us at one point or the other have tried really hard to achieve a certain target or get a job done. And despite all that effort, we head nowhere. Frustrating isn’t it? At another point, you are given a task you don’t particularly like doing. Now that’s just irritating. Since it is something that happens with all of us, there is going to be a solution to deal with it. Oh no!

You don’t have to worry about this. We’ve got this for you i.e.

“Personal Accountability”.

Before understating Personal Accountability first you need to know what Personal Responsibility is.

Mahadevan Gopalaswamy talks about these topics in his book The ACE of Soft Skills: Attitude, Communication and Etiquette for success. Personal Responsibility is something all of us understand. I have been given this job and it is expected of me to get it done. It could be as

simple as buying a pencil for your younger sibling because your mom asked you to. Or, it could be preparing for a class test due on Monday. It is your responsibility. Simply Responsibility is the idea of being completely in charge of something.

So how is it different from Personal Accountability?

Well, a marked difference between the two is that even though it is responsibility, it is often given to you by a third party. Someone else has asked you to do it. If it’s a class test, your school is making you do it. If you need to arrange for a birthday cake, your friend/ family member has given you the job to do it. Personal Accountability is what Gopalaswamy would call being Mr/Miss Dependable. It is about how you execute the task and what your approach is towards the same. An easy way to think about being accountable is - whatever the results of a person’s actions,

that person must be able to give an account of not just what happened, but why it happened and how.

In simple it is described as answerability.

Some key features about nailing this Accountability aspect are1. Taking Initiative: Instead of waiting for an order to be given, give the order.

Be a step ahead and plan beforehand. If you face hurdles, try and look at what long term benefits you can get from it. Maths class test on Monday and you are done preparing.

You have the time then go check what all is due for the coming week. Trust us, getting work done before the screaming deadlines approach is far more satisfying.

2. Problem-Solving, Team-

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

23

SOFT SKILLS Work and Communication: This involves brainstorming or perhaps collective brainstorming.

Very often when you have reached a saturation point, someone else might have a solution to your problemso discuss and be open to others’ voice. While you have to think of all aspects what is affecting your work, someone else’s mind may help you too! And you never know when even you may be of use when another person is stuck!

So the key here is Discuss, listen and Coordinate.

3. Perfection- (Thinking of Aamir Khan, yeah?)

Needless to explain, when you aim for perfection it should be all you think about. This is one thing that guarantees a desired result.

4. Exceeding Expectation-This works best and happens when you expect it the least if you aim for perfection.

It is not just expectations of people around you but you might just surprise yourself if you give your 100%.

5. Professionalism: To put it simply, this would mean punctuality and reliability.

People would know that you are the one to go to if they want to be sure of getting something done.

6. Failure Analysis: Know your strengths and weaknesses.

Know where and how to use them. A method called fishbone analysis can come handy in doing this.

Self assessment test to know how accountable you are?

1 3 5

2

NEVER

ALMOST NEVER

4

SOMETIMES

FREQUENTLY

6

ALMOST ALWAYS

ALWAYS

1. I accept responsibility for my behaviour.

1

2

3

4

5

6

2. Colleagues describe me as exhibiting integrity, or doing what is right because it’s the right thing to do.

1

2

3

4

5

6

3. I know the expected results to be achieved.

1

2

3

4

5

6

4. I proactively meet/exceed what is expected of me.

1

2

3

4

5

6

5. I volunteer to assist others whenever possible.

1

2

3

4

5

6

6. I encourage others to provide constructive feedback as to how I can improve my performance.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7. I use the constructive feedback offered by others to improve my performance.

1

2

3

4

5

6

8. I willingly admit my mistakes.

1

2

3

4

5

6

9. I willingly admit limitations to my knowledge.

1

2

3

4

5

6

10. Overall, I exhibit personal accountability.

1

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

2

3

4

5

6

24

GK

GK GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

1.

Who has been posthumously honoured with the Ashok Chakra on the 2016 Independence Day?

6. Who is the newly appointed chief minister of Gujarat?

a. Hanamanthappa Koppad

a. Nikhil Sahu

b. Havildar Hangpan Dada

b. OP Kohli

c. Niranjan Ek

c. Nitin Patel

d. Gursevak Singh

d. Vijay Rupani

2. Who is the newly elected President of Zambia?

a. Guy Scott

b. Edgar Lungu

c. Michael Sata

d. Hakainde Hichil

3. Which union ministry has launched a social media campaign to mark Daughters’ Day on August 11? a. Ministry of Social Empowerment

Justice

and

b. Ministry of Home Affairs

7. What is the theme of the 2016 Rio Olympics?

a. Peace for inner soul

b. World peace and Environment

c. Nothing can achieve without peace

d. Live sports, live freedom

8. The book “Grassroots Innovation” has been authored by whom? a.Jairam Ramesh

b. Neelam Kumar

c. Anil K. Gupta

d. Binod Chaudhary

c. Ministry of Women and Child Development

9. Who has been appointed as the new President of Microsoft India?

d. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

b. Anant Maheshwari

4. Which Indian personality will be honoured at the United Nations on India’s 70th Independence Day?

c. Rishikesh Bose

d. Bawa Singh

10.

In which of the following years 14 banks were nationalized?

a. 1949

b. 1955

c. 1969

d. 1980

a. S. G. Thakur Singh

b. M. S. Subbulakshmi

c. Amrita Sher Gil

d. Sayed Haider Raza

5.

Mission Bhagiratha is a flagship project of which state government to provide piped drinking water to every household?

a.Andhra Pradesh b. Tamil Nadu c. Telangana

d. Assam

a. Kamal Jain

11. Which of the following is women helpline number in India?

a. 181

b. 191

c. 192

d. 180

12. P V Sindhu who won Olympic silver medal in Rio-2016 is a

a. Badminton

c. Swimming

b. Boxing d. Athletics

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

25

GK 13. Which is the world’s only island citystate?

a. Singapore

b. Brunei

20. The novel “One Indian Girl” has been authored by whom?

c. Malta

d. Bahrain

a. Kiran Desai

14.

Who has won India’s first medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics?

b. Jhumpa Lahiri

a. PV Sindhu

b. Babita Kumari

c. Chetan Bhagat

c. Sakshi Malik

d. Geeta Phogat

d. Amitav Ghosh

15. Which of the following can be said as the “Theory of Darwin?”

a. Survival of the fittest and struggle for existence

b.

Weak and strong always maintain a fixed proportion

c. Different species do not arise by genetic mutation

d. None of these

16. Which country will host the 19th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit 2016?

a. Maldives

b. Pakistan

c. Bangladesh

d. Bhutan

17. “Yongzin” the Tibetan-language search engine has been launched by which country? a. Japan b. China

21.

The World Mosquito Day is observed on which day?

a. August 21

b. August 22

c. August 20

d. August 23

22. Who has been appointed as the new Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?

a. R Gandhi

b. Urjit Patel

c. S S Mundra

d. N S Vishwanathan

23. Google is building a completely new operating system, called

a. Arthur

b. Rhapsody

c. Multics

d. Fuschia

24. The world’s longest and highest glassbottomed bridge will open to which of the following countries?

a. Unied States

b. United Kingdom

c. China

d. France

25. Who has been appointed as the new Governor of Manipur?

a. Najma Heptullah

d. Thailand

b. Prof Jagdish Mukhi

18. Which e-Library has been launched by the Union government for divyang?

c. VP Singh Badnore

d. Ashwani Kumar

a. E-Pustakalaya

26. Earth’s albedo is 0. 36. What is the albedo of an absolute black body? (albedo Albedo is a measure of how strongly it reflects light from light sources. )

c. Singapore

b. Divya Pustakalaya

c. Sugamya Pustakalaya

d. Nirvirodh Pustakalaya

19.

Who invented E-Mail?

a. Ray Tomlinson

b. Tim Berners-Lee

c. Vinton Cerf

d. James Gosling

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

a. 1

b. 0

c. 100

d. Infinite

27.

In terms of history which is the proper chronological order–

a. Palaeolithic, Megalithic, Microlithic, Neolithic b.

Neolithic, Megalithic, palaeolithic, Microlithic

26

GK

c. Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Microlithic, Megalithic

35. Which of these animals is depicted in a zodiac sign?

d. Microlithic, Neolithic, Megalithic, Palaeolithic

a. Octopus

b. Turtle

28. In the state of India, the State Financial Corporation have given assistance mainly to develop

c. Spider

d. Crab

36.

According to Hindu Mythology, which of these was a brother of God Krishna ?

a. Ram

b. Balram

c. Arjun

d. Parsuram

37.

29. The banks are required to maintain a certain ratio between their cash in the hand and totals assets. This is called

Starting from the lightest, arrange these weights in the increasing order A: One Gram B: One Quintal C; One Kilogram D: One Metric Tonne

a. ABCD

b. BCAD

a. Statutory Bank Ratio (SBR)

c. CADB

d. ACBD

b. Statutory Liquid Ratio (SLR)

38.

c. Central Bank Reserve (CBR)

Arrange these Olympics games in the order in which they happened in the 21st century.

d. Central Liquid Reserve (CLR)

A. Beijing Olympics

30.

Plants growing on sand are called as

B. London Olympics

a. Chasmophytes b. Oxylophytes

C. Rio Olympics

a. agricultural farms

b. cottage industry

c. large-scale industries

d. medium and small-scale industries

c.Lithophytes

d. Psammophytes

D. Athens Olympics.

31.

Red is what number on the resistor color code?

a. CDBA

b. ABCD

c. DCBA

d. DABC

a. 1

39.

32. If two bodies of different masses, initially at rest, are acted upon by the same force for the same time, then the both bodies acquire the same

Arrange these official positions in India as per their increasing order of people that can occupy these positions at any give point of time.

A. Rajya Sabha Member

a. velocity

b. momentum

B. Lok Sabha Member

c. acceleration

d. kinetic energy

C. Chief Minister

33.

Intensity of sound at a point is ____ its distance from the source.

D. Prime Minister

a. directly proportional to

a. ABCD

b. BCDA

b. inversely proportional to

c. DCAB

d. CDAB

c. directly proportional to square of

d. inversely proportional to square of

40. Which of these sportsmen started his carrier as a travelling ticket examiner with Indian railways?

34.

Which type of fire extinguisher is used for petroleum fire?

a. Bhuvneshwar Kumar

b. Shikhar Dhawan

b. 4

c. 2

d. 6

a. Powder type

b. Liquid type

c. Ravinder Jadeja

c. Soda acid type

d. Foam type

d. Mahendra Singh Dhoni

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

PUZZLES

Verification of Truth In “Verification of Truth of the Statement” questions, it is required to stress only on truth of facts that always hold. Questions are asked in context of a particular thing or factor that is always characterized by a specific part. The alternatives other than correct answer also seem to bear a strong relationship with thing mentioned. So, absolute truth is to be followed.

A train always has A. Rails B. Driver C. Guard D. Engine

A song always has A. Word B. Chorus C. Musician D. Tymbal

A pen always has ------A. Ink B. Nib C. Tube D. Cap

A bulb always has A. Glass B. Current C. Filament D. Light

A boy is sitting at the back seat of a car. When the driver suddenly starts moving the car (in forward direction), the boy experiences a backward force?

A. Always B. Never C. Often D. Sometimes Which one of the following is always associated with ‘tree’?

A. Flowers B. Leaves C. Fruits D. Roots

A newspaper always has A. Editor B. News C. Paper D. Advertisement A fan always has ------A. Current B. Regulator C. Wire D. Blades A mirror always ------A. Refracts B. Reflects C. Retracts D. Reveals the truth

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

27

ANSWERS General Knowledge 1. b; 2. b; 3. c; 4. d; 5. c 6. d; 7. b; 8. c 9. b; 10. c 11. a; 12. a; 13. a; 14. c; 15. a 16. b; 17. b 18. c; 19. a; 20. c 21. c; 22. b; 23. d; 24. c; 25. a 26. b; 27. a; 28. d; 29. b; 30. d 31. c; 32. b; 33. d; 34. a; 35. d 36. b; 37. d; 38. d; 39. c 40. d

Logo Game 1. Aashirvaad 2. Bingo 3. Dark Fantasy 4. B-Natural 5. Classmate 6. Minto 7. Yippee 8. Sunfeast 9. Vivel

Detective Questions 1. Manago 2. T 3. Between B and C

28

SCIENCE PROJECT

How to Measure the Strength of a Magnet Can toy car measure magnet strength?

MATERIALS REQUIRED • Metric ruler • Graph paper (4 squares per inch ruling is ideal) • Tape • Small, plastic toy car (not steel) with wheels that can turn freely. Avoid using a windup car for this reason. • Small bar magnets (at least 4)

Procedure 1. First, get your racetrack in order. Take a sheet of graph paper and tape it to your table.

2. Place your ruler alongside your graph paper and line it up with the lines on the graph paper so you know what distance each line indicates (Depending on what graph paper you’re using, your sheet may be ruled in inches or centimeters. Check the ruling on your graph paper to make sure you’re using the appropriate units!)

3. Take out one of the small magnets. The magnet should be the same size or smaller than the toy car. Tape it to the top of the car.

4. Now, put your car on the track. Set the car at the end of the ruler so that the frontfacing end of the magnet is lined up with 0.

5. Check your magnets. What end of the magnet makes the car move forward?

Make sure that this end is facing the car, and place your other magnet at

the other end of the ruler.

6. It’s time to create a hypothesis. How close does the magnet need to get to the car before the two magnets start to work together to pull the car along?

7. Start your engines! Slowly start to move the magnet along the track, stopping every centimeter. Is the car moving yet? Note how far you had to move the magnet before the car moves. Do this four times, resetting the position of your car and your magnet each time. Record your results for each trial.

8. Now, stick two of your magnets together.

9. Repeat steps 5-7 with your compound magnet. What happens? Does the car move earlier? Later?

10. Continue to add magnets to your pile, starting a new set of trials each time you add a magnet. Remember to put the car back at the beginning each time!

11. When you’re done, take the average of the four results from each set of trials (take the sum of all 4 numbers and divide by 4).

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

SCIENCE PROJECT

29

This will give you the usual distance that it took for the car to start moving.

Results

In this experiment, the results will depend on the weight of your car and magnet and the strength of the magnet. The more magnets you pile up at the end of the track, the farther away they will be when the car starts to move.

Why? Magnets are amazing! Even though you can’t see anything pushing or pulling, a magnet can help objects move. When one magnet’s north end (pole) is facing another magnet’s South Pole, the magnets will move together. When the same poles face each other, the magnets will push away. Magnets have invisible magnetic fields produced by the movement of electrical charges. You can’t see the magnetic field, but you can see the

results. The pull between the north and south poles of a magnet is what makes your toy car move. Adding more magnets makes the pull stronger.

ANSWERS

Grid puzzle

Quiz Macmahon Line → India and China.

Pal Strait → India and SriLanka Radcliffe Line → India and Pakistan.

24th Parallel → India and Myanmar.

Durand Line → Pakistan and Afghanistan Majinot Line → France and Germany Alpine Line → Italy and France Markat Reef → Sweden and Finland Medicine Line → Canada and the United States of America.

PUZZLES 1. 37 marks 2. 2,00,000 3. 520 sec.

4. 1st man will get Rs.240 since he will do half of the work. 2nd Man will get Rs.160 since he will do 1/3rd of the

work. Remaining amount Rs. 80 will be paid to the boy.

5. 50 Ltrs 6.

7.

8. 10 to 10 (9.50) 9. Queue 10. Physics

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

Verification of Truth Answers 1. Engine (D) 2. Nib (B) 3. Always (A) 4. Roots (D) 5. Word (A) 6. Filament (C) 7. News (C) 8. Blades (D) 9. Reflects (B)

30

CAREER GUIDANCE

Design Your Future:

Career in Interior Designing

I

f so, Interior Design may be a flourishing career for you to consider. As with rapid urbanization and increasing number of real estate companies, the scope of employment opportunities for interior designers is extensive.

Let’s have look into it.

Interior designing is the arrangement of living space, which entails organising, managing and planning of the interiors of homes, offices, retail shops, showrooms, hotels, airports, exhibition halls, conference rooms, theatres, TV and film studios, and commercial establishments.

The objective is to achieve functionality, and to create the right kind of atmosphere at the right budget. Most interior designers specialise in a particular area.

For example, some

Are you artistic or creative?

Do you find yourself visually transforming a space in your mind or making suggestions on how to improve it?

may concentrate on business design, while others may focus on residential design and landscape design or even on particular rooms such as kitchens or baths. Keeping a client’s taste, needs, and budget in mind, interior designers prepare drawings and specifications for non-loadbearing interior construction.

This includes decoration of walls, floors, roofs, placement of furniture and other indoor objects, window treatments, lighting, and control of visual and sound effects. There are only a few reputed institutions offering programmes in interior designing in India • National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad • Sir J. J. Institute of Applied Art, Mumbai • India Institute of Technology, Mumbai

• The school of Interior design, CEPT, Ahmedabad • Institute of Indian Interior Designers, New Delhi

Eligibility:

Pass in 10+2 or 3 years diploma by the Central/State Government or equivalent qualification from any Board.

Is it the Right Career for Me?

The key ingredient to be a successful interior designer is client satisfaction. In this context, all you need is creative thinking, excellent communication skills, originality, good listening capability and a keen interest in transforming a simple place to a beautiful one by adding extra zing to it.

If you think you have it in you, then this is the right career for you.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

31 Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish REVIEW

“Stay Hungry Stay Foolish” is a collection of stories about twenty-five IIM-Ahmadabad graduates who decided to stay out of the corporate world, and instead chose the road less taken. These men and women became entrepreneurs, and climbed the ladder of success.

Bansal has collected the life experience of 25 IIM-A students, and explained how all these individuals come from different backgrounds, work in different industries, and have different outlooks, but they all strongly believe in the power of their dreams. She categorizes her stories into three segments- The Believers, The Opportunists and The Alternate Vision. The first portion talks about the “The Believers”, the believers are the ones who had a pre-planned idea and were determined enough to pump in it as much effort needed to make their dream a success. This was explained by entrepreneurs like Sanjeev Bikhchandani, who started Naukri. com, and the founder of Educomp, Shantanu Prakash. Second part of the book talks on “The Opportunists”, the opportunists are the ones who knew how to make the most of an opportunity came in their way. They were not inclined towards ownership, but their inventiveness turned them into entrepreneurs.

These people are the ones who believe in taking prompt actions. The last section focuses on “The Alternate Vision” where the individuals who have taken the entrepreneurial path to do things that impact culture and society.

“Stay Hungry Stay Foolish” has been compiled after extensive research, and the author has used a very personal and conversational style of writing. This book is concise, inspiring, educative, and filled with practical wisdom. More than 350,000 copies of Stay Hungry Stay Foolish have been sold, thus creating a new book record in India. The book has been translated into eight languages.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

About Rashmi Bansal

R

ashmi Bansal is an author and entrepreneur. She has written books like Poor Little Rich Slum, I Have A Dream, Connect The Dots, and Follow Every Rainbow. Bansal graduated with an Economics degree from Sophia College, and then pursued her MBA from IIM-Ahmedabad.

Bansal regularly writes on her blog, Youth Curry, and is the editor and co-founder of JAM. Bansal has written columns for Businessworld and Rediff. com, and was a Consulting Editor with Bloomberg UTV. She has also been a guest lecturer at IIM-Bangalore, S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, IIM-Ahmedabad, and ISB. The author works as a consultant with youth research firms like Flamingo Research and The Futures Company, London. Bansal lives in Mumbai.

32

PUZZLES

1.

In an examination every question correctly answered fetches two marks and for every question wrongly answered one mark is deducted. Akasah and Praneeth took the examination. Akash attempted certain number of questions and 20% of them went wrong. Praneeth attempted a certain number of questions and 10% of the questions attempted by him went wrong. Akash got 33 marks more than the pass mark and Praneeth got 48 marks more than the pass mark.

Akash and Praneeth together attempted 100 questions. Now find out what is the pass mark of the examination?

2. A box contains 1000 tokens numbered from 1 to 1000. Akash takes all the tokens that are numbered with the multiples of 2 out of the remaining Balu takes all the tokens that are numbered with multiples of 5. What is the sum of the numbers on the tokens left in the box?

3. Two men athletes, Balu and Chari run around a circular track of length in opposite directions with initial speeds of 4m/s and 1m/s respectively starting from the same point simultaneously whenever they met Blau’s speed halves and Chari’s speed doubles. After how much time will they meet for the 3rd time?

4. Two men undertake a work for Rs.480; they can each do the work in 16 and 24 days. If they complete the work in 8 days with the help of a boy, how should they divide the money?

5. A vessel is completely filled with Milk.

Ten litres are drawn from the vessel and replaced with water. Ten litres of this mixture is then drawn and replaced with water. Find the capacity of the vessel to the ratio of milk to water 16:9 at the end.

6. Place all of the digits from 1 to 9 into the circles so that the sum of the numbers in each straight line is the same.

7. Starting with any number on the top row, make your way to the bottom, adding the numbers as you go. Each time

1 3 2 2 2 4

5 3 3 2 2 4

1 2 4 3 4 4

5 3 4 2 3 4

1 3 3 2 4 2

5 4 2 4 2 3

you go to the next row, you can move straight down or one place to the left or right. What is the highest total you can make? What is the lowest?

8. Using only one straight line, can you turn this into nine fifty

10 10 10

9. What common word has 4 vowels, one after the other?

10. What is represented by this Brain Bat

FIZZ FIZZ FIZZ FIZZ FIZZ FIZZ WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

33

SPEED MATH

C

alculation speed plays a very important role in almost all competitive examinations. Some people have natural ability to do calculations fast but, those who do not have a good calculation speed need not worry. Winspire brings you Speed Test to develop good calculation speed in short period of time. All you need to do is spend just 30 minutes once a month on calculation practice and you will find the difference in your calculation speed.

Time: 30 Minutes MULTIPLICATIONS

FIND THE APPROPRIATE VALUE OF X

121 × 11=

78/ X = 2028/ 26

171/ 4 = X /19

61 × 27=

153/ 27 = 17/ x

X/54 = 7/63

ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING FRACTIONS IN ASCENDING ORDER

39 × 66 = 232 × 534 = PERCENTAGES 10 % of 2196 = 43% of 6500 + 65% of 4300 = X + 13% of 500; Find X One-seventh of a number is 51. What will be 64% of that number?

136% of 1245 – 56% of 1945 = 4 × X?; Find X What percent of 800 is 16 =

1 2 3 5

,

,

6

,

7 6 10

,

8 14 4 5

,

,

6 14 1 20

,

,

1 7 1 2

,

,

8

8

28

18

2

4

20

7

,

,

1 6 6 7

,

,

8 12 4 21

,

,

5 12 3 21

,

,

6 6 1 7

,

,

4 6 2 7

WRITE FIVE EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS OF 2/7

ADDITIONS AND SUBTRACTIONS 18/4 – 169/13

121+144+169+196

2434 + 1322+ 1624

6/5 + 5/4+ 4/6

576 -90+120 -18

FIND THE L.C.M AND H.C.F OF THE GIVEN NUMBERS The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The larger of the two numbers is:430, 516, 817 (L.C.M) Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905, leaving the same remainder in each case. Then sum of the digits in N is:

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

34

PUZZLE

Detective Questions Each of the following questions is based on the following information: • 8-trees mango, guava, papaya, pomegranate, lemon, banana, raspberry and apple are in two rows 4 in each facing North and South.

• Lemon is between mango and apple but just opposite to guava.

• Banana is at one end of a line and is just next in the right of guava or either banana tree is just after guava tree.

• Raspberry tree which at one end of a line, is just diagonally opposite to mango tree

Q: Which tree is just opposite to banana tree?

• Six flats on a floor in two rows facing North and South are allotted to P, Q, R, S, T and U. • Q gets a North facing flat and is not next to S.

• S and U get diagonally opposite flats.

• R next to U, gets a south facing flat and T gets North facing flat.

Q: Whose flat is between Q and S? A, B, C, D and E are sitting on a bench.

A is sitting next to B, C is sitting next to D, D is not sitting with E who is on the left end of the bench. C is on

the second position from the right. A is to the right of B and E. A and C are sitting together.

In which position A is sitting?

Mathematic Grid... Solve this logic puzzle 9

×

–

+ +

× +

69

=

10

=

7

+ ×

+ +

=

÷ –

=

=

=

16

15

2

OBJECTIVE / RULES • Complete the grid using all of the digits 1 to 9.

• When completed all of the sums must be correct.

• The sums are solved strictly left to right, up to down.

• The normal order of mathematical operations is ignored.

• For example 2 + 5 x 9 is calculated as (2 + 5) x 9 = 63.

• There are no ÷ 1 in the puzzle.

• There are no x 1 in the puzzle (although there might be 1 x).

• At no point will any calculation go below zero, or fractional.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

LOg O GAME 1 2 4 3 5 6

7

9 8 WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

LOGO GAME

35

ITC Ltd is one of India’s premier private sector companies’ which completes 100 years in 2010. The company has diversified its business into different segments like Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards & Packaging, Agri Business & Information Technology.

Established in 1910 as the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited, the company was renamed as the Indian Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and further to I.T.C. Limited in 1974. The periods in the name were removed in September 2001 for the company to be renamed as ITC Ltd. The company completed 100 years in 2010 and it employs over 25,000 people at more than 60 locations across India and is part of Forbes 2000 list.

Headquarters Kolkata, West Bengal, India Chairman Yogesh Chander Deveshwar

36

CURRENT EVENTS

PEOPLE IN NEWS

U

nion Government has appointed Urjit Patel (52) as new Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI). He will be 24th Governor of RBI He will have tenure of three years and shall succeed Raghuram Rajan. Prior to this appointment (elevation) he was Deputy Governor of RBI. He will be the eighth Deputy Governor to be elevated as Governor at RBI. Background : The Appointment Committee of Cabinet (ACC) has appointed Urjit Patel based on the recommendation of the Financial Sector Regulatory Appointments Search Committee (FSRASC), headed by the Cabinet Secretary. The Committee undertook an extensive exercise to suggest a panel of names to the ACC. Note: The RBI is central bank of India. It regulates banks, prints money and prevents volatility in the foreign exchange market. It is also the government’s banker and lender of last resort.

Urjit Patel

• Born on October 28, 1963. He had received his doctorate in economics from Yale University in 1990) and M Phil from Oxford (1986).

• By profession he is an eminent economist, consultant and banker. He has two decades of rich experience across sectors including financial, energy and infrastructure sectors.

• He has worked with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) covering the US, India, Bahamas and Myanmar desks between 1990 and 1995.

• For first time, he was appointed as the Deputy Governor of RBI in January 2013 for three year term and was later reappointed on January 2016.

• He had headed committee to review the monetary policy framework and had proposed monetary policy committee to set interest rates (currently solely decided by the RBI governor).

• It also had recommended targeting consumer inflation to control volatile prices by shifting the current focus away from wholesale prices.

• Besides, he also had worked closely with several union and state government committees especially those on market studies, direct taxes, anti-trust laws, Prime Minister’s Task Force on Infrastructure and sectors like telecom, aviation, power and pensions.

• Oscar winning music composer AR Rahman was honoured with the Tamil Ratna Award by the New York based Tamil Sangam. He was honoured with this award after his concert at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) chamber to honour M.S. Subbulakshi, the doyen of Carnatic music.

• Senior DRDO scientist Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy was awarded the first IEI-IEEE Award for Engineering Excellence-2015.

He was bestowed with this award in recognition of his significant national contributions towards missiles and

aerospace technologies.

• Wrestler Sakshi Malik was named as Haryana’s brand ambassador for Beti Bachao, Beti Padao (save daughter, educate daughter) campaign in Haryana.

• VP Singh Badnore (69) has sworn in as the new Governor Punjab and also as Administrator of Chandigarh.

• Jamaican Sprinter Usain Bolt created an unprecedented record of a triple treble (first athlete to win 9 gold medals in sprinting events of Olympics) by winning third Gold medal in Rio Olympics 2016.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

CURRENT EVENTS

37

SCIENCE & TECH • Scientists for the first time have developed LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) from fluorescent jellyfish proteins that were grown in bacteria. What is Laser? A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. Major difference between laser and other sources of light is that, laser emits light coherently.

• United States is going to create world’s largest protected marine reserve area named as Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument off the Hawaiian coast. It will be created by expansion of present national monument off Hawaii.

• The world’s highest and longest glass-

bottomed bridge was opened to visitors in central China. The bridge connects two mountain cliffs known as the Avatar Mountains in Zhangjiajie, Hunan province • Scientists from have discovered Gymnothorax indicus (proposed name Indian unpatterened moray), a new species of eel (a snake-like fish) in the northern Bay of Bengal region along the West Bengal coast. It was discovered after it was collected in a trawl net by fishermen in northern Bay of Bengal, about 70 km off the coast.

GENERAL NEWS • M a h a r a s h t r a and Telangana have signed agreement for three irrigation projects to be constructed on Godavari, Pranahita and Painganga rivers. These agreements were signed in presence of Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis and Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Under the agreement, the two States would take up Tummidi Hatti, Medigadda and Chanaka-Korata irrigation projects on Godavari River and its tributaries.

• The Rajya Sabha has passed the Maternity Benefits (Amendment) Bill, 2016 to raise maternity leave for working women from 12 weeks to 26 weeks for two surviving children.

• The International Kabaddi Federation WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

(IKF) has announced that 2016 Kabaddi World Cup will be hosted in Ahmedabad, Gujarat between October 7 and 22, 2016.

The event will see participation of 12 Kabaddi teams from around the world representing all the five geographies of the Olympic Games.

• India has ranked 66th in the 2016 Global Innovation Index (GII). In this edition, India has jumped up by 15 spots from 81st position in 2015 GII. The annual index was released by France-based international business school INSEAD and World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), a specialized agency of the United Nations.

• Pakistan is going to host the 19th SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) Summit in Islamabad (capital city) and Murree on November 9 and 10, 2016. It will be the meeting of the head of states or head of government of the eight SAARC countries.

38

DID YOU KNOW?

D K of a blue The tongue long as an whale is as elephant.

ef’s hat is The tall ch que called a to

?

U

zero fat Carrots have content

their Catfish use e ies to tast entire bod things.

arsier’s Each of a t as big as eyeballs is its brain.

s are the Tardigrade we know only animal survive in of that can ofspace. the vacuum (6 × 9) + (6

+ 9) = 69.

A group of is called rhinoceroses a crash

is exactly 10! seconds 6 weeks

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

39

Guide Zoo zoo to find his bananas

MaZe PuZzLe

MAZE PUZZLE

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

40

FUN POINT

hich has n a street w o g in lk a w buy Delhi. He is he wants to if im h s k Tharun is in s a run l buy. er, when Va says ok I wil n u r a a Clock Tow h T . r e the Tow a ladder.’ the clock on d I’ll go get n a s e e p u r waited ousand red. Having a e p p a ‘Give me a th is d d d an en made a the thousan s he has be e r u g Varun took fi n u r a hours Th n. for several fool by Varu e same ing along th lk a w in a g a is and asks day Tharun n came again u r On the next a V y u g e usand the sam ive me a tho ‘G . k street and c lo c e t to buy th gives him er.’ Tharun Tharun, wan d d la a t e g ol. This I’ll go am not a fo I , rupees and e y ‘O , s y a er.’ usand and s o get a ladd g another tho ’ll I d n a it time, you wa

Tharun kept having the same strange dream every night, so he made an appointment to see a doctor.

Doctor Varun: What was your dream about?

Tharun: I was being chased by a vampire!

Doctor Varun: [smiling to himself] So... what is the scene like?

Tharun: I was running in a hall way.

Doctor Varun: Then what happened?

Tharun: Well that’s the weird thing.

In every single dream, the same thing happened. I always come to this door, but I can’t open it. I keep pushing the door and pushing the door, but it wouldn’t budge!

Doctor Varun: Does the door have anything written on it?

Thraun: Yes it does.

Doctor: And what do these letters say?

Tharun: It says, “Pull.”

TARUN

Tharun : I haven’t slept all night in the train.

Varun: Why? Tharun: I had an upper berth.

Varun: Why didn’t you exchange it?

Tharun: There was nobody in the lower bunk to change it with.

Once Tharun went to Museum and broken the statue.

Museum Administrator said “That’s a 500-year-old statue you’ve broken”.

Tharun: Thank God! I thought it was a new one!

CONTENT SOURCES: Flipkart (www.flipkart.com); General Knowledge Today (www. gktoday.in); IndiaBIX (www.indiabix.com); Education.com (www. education.com); The Hindu (www.thehindu.com); NDTV (www. ndtv.com); Business Standard(www.business-standard.com); Moneycontrol(www.moneycontrol.com); BrainBashers(www. brainbashers.com); Explain that Stuff (www.explainthatstuff.com); Funders and Founders (fundersandfounders.com); sportscafe.in (https://sportscafe.in); Times of India (timesofindia.indiatimes.com); Hindustan Times (www.hindustantimes.com) The Indian Express (indianexpress.com). Adishankara teachings; http://www.byrdbaggett. com/articles/personal-accountability.php If you have any complaints related to content or any other issues please mailus @ winspiremagazine@gmail.com.

WINSPIRE: Empowering youth | September , 2016

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