Abnormal Psychology and Life A Dimensional Approach 3rd Edition by Chris Kearney – Test Bank

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Sample Test Kearney_Chapter_3_Risk_and_Prevention_of_Mental_Disorders (1)

1. In the DeShawn case described in the beginning of the chapter, DeShawn, a 21­year­old student, was described as possibly having a series of problems associated with a.

cocaine.

b.

alcohol.

c.

sex.

d.

family.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Case: DeShawn

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

2. The model of mental health that sees varying levels of symptomatology on a spectrum between health and disorder depending on levels of stress and predisposition is known as the a.

integrative model.

b.

medical model.

c.

psychosocial model.

d.

diathesis-stress model.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

3. Diatheses are a.

solely environmental.

b.

a result of interpretation.

c.

genes that control disease onset.

d.

biological or psychological.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a.

A diathesis is a vulnerability to a certain disorder, but this does not mean a person will necessarily develop tha

b.

A diathesis may arise from either a predisposition to a disorder and stress factors, but not a combination of bo

c.

A diathesis cannot affect a person’s perception of stress, only the level and type of stress itself.

d.

A diathesis affects only the internal physiological structures of a person, not his or her external behaviors or ex

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

5. When DeShawn experiences the strong belief that alcohol will make him more social, he experiences a(n) a.

biological predisposition.

b.

expectancy predisposition.

c.

psychological predisposition.

d.

psychosomatic predisposition.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

6. Biological or psychological diatheses do not guarantee one will develop disorders like alcoholism or depression. A diathesis is best understood as a(n) a.

vulnerability.

b.

disposition.

c.

stressor.

d.

impulse.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

7. According to the diathesis­stress model, ____ is(are) needed to produce psychological problems. a.

a predisposition

b.

stressors

c.

both predisposition and stress

d.

neither predisposition nor stress

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

8. According to your text, the combination of ____ and ____ will result in the most symptoms of alcohol abuse. a.

predisposition; high stress

b.

predisposition; low stress

c.

predisposition; moderate stress

d.

genetic vulnerability; predisposition

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

9. Predispositions and stressors, like many human characteristics, a.

occur on a continuum.

b.

are an all-or-none phenomenon.

c.

are universal for all people.

d.

can be reduced to CNS activity levels.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

10. Regardless of individual differences, a.

outcomes are always predictable.

b.

predispositions and stress always interact.

c.

psychiatry will have appropriate medication.

d.

the levels and magnitudes of factors are unimportant.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

11. If Sam thrives on public speaking and making presentations, and George considers these same behaviors problematic, then we can recognize that a.

George has a phobia that will cause him to fail at school.

b.

their perceptions of stress are different.

c.

a different pattern of conditioning exists.

d.

they should work together on projects.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

12. Teresa has a long family history of depression and has long been aware of her own increased risk. However, she had not had any significant problems with depression until her company suddenly closed, leaving her without a job and with substantial student loans and other financial obligations. Despite having no personal history of depression, she is now severely depressed. What has most likely changed? a.

her diathesis

b.

her protective factors

c.

her stressors

d.

her resilience

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

13. According to the diathesis­stress model, stress must ____ a predisposition for a disorder to occur. a.

be overwhelmed by

b.

interact with

c.

deescalate

d.

be negated by

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

14. Suppose two people have virtually identical predispositions to impulsivity. Would they likely have the same risk of developing a disorder

related to impulsivity? a.

Yes, when predisposition is the same, outcomes are the same.

b.

Maybe, but only if they are the same sex.

c.

Maybe, but only if they experience the same levels of stress.

d.

No, the predisposition is ultimately unrelated to the disorder.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

15. In the example described in your text, Mariella may have been troubled because significant college stress triggered her predisposition for depression. However, her friend, who had the same type of predisposition but stayed at home after high school, a.

showed no symptoms of depression.

b.

experienced the same outcome.

c.

failed out of college.

d.

developed an anxiety disorder.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

16. Thom has a family history of alcoholism and has struggled with addiction himself. He believes that, in his case, his use of drugs relates to his desire for excitement and sensation­seeking. When he notices that his five­year­old daughter is quite a daredevil, he becomes concerned and wonders whether she might also be at risk of substance use disorders. Thom is most accurately described as worrying about a possible a.

diathesis

b.

protective factor

c.

stressor

d.

resilience

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

17. The perception of stress can be influenced by a person because stress is best described as a.

subjective.

b.

declarative.

c.

consistent.

d.

invariant.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

18. Because it partially determines the range and variety of life events we experience, a(n) ____ can also control the stressors to which we are exposed. a.

diathesis

b.

instigator

c.

phenotype

d.

hypothesis

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

KEYWORDS:

WWW

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

19. Nancy, like many in her family, has a tendency to be impulsive, to make rash decisions, and to act without thinking about possible outcomes. As a result, she sometimes finds herself buying luxury items she cannot afford or making less­than­healthy relationship decisions, which, in turn, results in her experiencing higher levels of stress that lead to her making more impulsive decisions. This illustrates the a.

direction of causation between diatheses and stress

b.

independent nature of diathesis and stress

c.

reduction of diathesis by stress

d.

interaction of diathesis and stress

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

20. Where one person is naturally outgoing and social, and another person naturally prefers solitude and isolation, it would follow that a.

these two people might choose different experiences.

b.

the isolated individual needs to be more outgoing.

c.

people are easily categorized by a behavior or two.

d.

the differences were conditioned.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

21. The cause of a mental disorder is also called its a.

diathesis.

b.

vulnerability.

c.

etiology.

d.

epidemiology.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

22. When mental health professionals study the etiology of a disorder, they are investigating a.

prevention models.

b.

treatment outcomes.

c.

its causes.

d.

its resilience.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

23. If one person has a greater tendency toward psychological problems than another person, we can properly consider the first person to have more a.

weakness.

b.

denial and repression.

c.

risk factors.

d.

self destructive tendencies.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

The Diathesis-Stress Model

OTHER:

TYPE: application

24. According to the National Comorbidity Survey­Replication (NCS­R), who is most likely to have a severe mental disorder? a.

someone with an anxiety-related disorder

b.

someone with a mood disorder

c.

someone with a personality disorder

d.

someone with a substance use disorder

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

25. Scientists who make observations, survey people, and use other methods to investigate the extent of a public health problem are known as a.

entomologists.

b.

epidemiologists.

c.

ethnographers.

d.

etiologists.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

26. Joan has a career where she studies the patterns of disease or disorder in the general population. She is most likely working as a(n)

a.

etiologist.

b.

psychologist.

c.

diathesis specialist.

d.

epidemiologist.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

27. Who is considered to be one of the modern “fathers” of epidemiology”? a.

Eberhard Schairer

b.

Richard Doll

c.

Bradford Hill

d.

John Snow

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

28. ____ refers to new cases of a particular disorder within a specific time period, whereas ____ refers to all cases of a particular disorder within a specific time period. a.

Prevalence; incidence

b.

Incidence; prevalence

c.

Epidemiology; etiology

d.

Etiology; epidemiology

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

29. Jane is counting all cases of a mental disorder within a specific time period. She is attempting to determine the a.

prevalence.

b.

comorbidity.

c.

logistics.

d.

cohort effects.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

30. Both prevalence and lifetime prevalence estimates help us understand the a.

likelihood of mental disorder.

b.

cause of mental disorder.

c.

effects of mental disorder.

d.

severity of mental disorder.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

31. The total number of cases of a mental disorder occurring within a specific period yield its

a.

prevalence.

b.

percentage.

c.

etiology.

d.

incidence.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

32. A major epidemiological survey of Americans was the a.

Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology.

b.

National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

c.

Descriptive Epidemiology Survey.

d.

Survey of Mental Disorders.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

33. Sarah has been diagnosed with depression and panic disorder, which is an anxiety disorder. These disorders are thus seen as ____ because they occur together in the same person. a.

cohorted

b.

prevalent

c.

comorbid

d.

dangerous

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

34. The NCS­R is considered to be a(n) ____ survey. a.

biased

b.

representative

c.

projective

d.

unscientific

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

35. Analysis of the NCS­R data has indicated that a.

most people who meet the criteria for a mental disorder are in treatment.

b.

approximately 26% of Americans experience a mental disorder at some point in their life.

c.

mental disorders differ with respect to severity, and many people show only mild symptoms.

d.

the only significant risk factors for mental disorders are genetic.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

36. In the U.S., individuals who have been diagnosed with a mental disorder are most likely to seek services from a.

mental health providers.

b.

general medical service providers.

c.

alternative health care providers.

d.

non-medical care or services.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

37. Because mental disorders differ with respect to severity, and many people show only mild symptoms,

a.

many people with disorders do not seek treatment.

b.

determining who needs treatment is straightforward

c.

everyone who meets criteria for a mental disorder is in treatment.

d.

people experiencing symptoms immediately seek treatment.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

38. The individual who both identified the cause of a cholera outbreak and identified a simple but effective way to stop the epidemic is a.

Emil Kraepelin.

b.

Hippocrates.

c.

John Snow.

d.

Alfred Binet.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

39. According to the NCS­R, which disorders have the highest prevalence? a.

depression and substance abuse

b.

anxiety and mood

c.

neurosis and psychosis

d.

obsessive-compulsive and personality disorders

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

40. Lifetime prevalence is highest for ____ disorders. a.

anxiety-related

b.

substance use

c.

mood

d.

personality

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

41. Prevalence data are crucial in determining a.

why people develop disorders.

b.

where to assign treatment and prevention resources.

c.

how a disorder developed in an individual.

d.

symptoms related to a specific disorder.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

42. According to your text, most persons with a substance use disorder experience ____ symptoms. a.

serious

b.

moderate

c.

mild

d.

negligible

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

difficult

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

43. A unique aspect of the NCS­R in comparison to other psychiatric epidemiology surveys is that questions were asked about the ____ of the disorders. a.

onset

b.

comorbidity

c.

specificity

d.

cohort effects

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

difficult

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

44. According to the NCS­R, the median age of onset for mental disorders, regardless of type, is a.

11 years.

b.

14 years.

c.

22 years.

d.

30 years.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

45. According to the National Comorbidity Survey­Replication (NCS­R), the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders for U.S. adults is 46.4%. What does this mean? a.

At any given point, nearly half of Americans will be mentally ill.

b.

At some point in their lives, nearly half of Americans will have a serious mental disorder that requires treatme

c.

At some point in their lives, nearly half of Americans will have a mental disorder.

d.

At any given point, nearly half of Americans will be seriously mentally ill and require treatment.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

46. Significant differences in disorder expression depending on demographic features such as age are called ____ effects. a.

universal

b.

selective

c.

conditional

d.

cohort

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

47. Treatment trends by age show us that a.

older people are more likely to seek treatment.

b.

younger people are more likely to seek treatment.

c.

no clear distinction exists.

d.

middle-aged people hardly ever seek treatment.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

48. Katherine lives in a state that has a population­based registry for autism spectrum disorders. Whenever a health care provider, mental health professional, or educator diagnosis an individual with an autism spectrum disorder, they are required by state law to report certain information to the health department. As a result, it is possible for Katherine to know the number of newly diagnosed cases of autism spectrum disorder during a particular year. That is, Katherine knows the annual ____ of autism

spectrum disorders in her state. a.

incidence

b.

prevalence

c.

correlation

d.

epidemiology

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

49. Katherine lives in a state that has a population­based registry for autism spectrum disorders. Whenever a health care provider, mental health professional, or educator diagnosis an individual with an autism spectrum disorder, they are required by state law to report certain information to the health department. When the registry first began, the same individuals were required to report all individuals they provided care or other services to who had autism spectrum disorders, regardless of when the diagnoses were made. As a result, it is possible for Katherine to know the total number of individuals in her state who have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. That is, Katherine knows the ____ of autism spectrum disorders in her state. a.

incidence

b.

prevalence

c.

correlation

d.

epidemiology

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

50. The fact that autism is more frequently diagnosed in recent years than it was in past years is an example of a(n) ____ effect. a.

incidence

b.

cohort

c.

selection

d.

ceiling

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

51. Who is the MOST likely to seek treatment? a.

Jeanette, a 65-year-old woman suffering from depression

b.

Lillyan, an affluent 32-year-old Caucasian woman living in an urban area

c.

Jennie, a middle-income Caucasian woman living in a rural area

d.

Destanzey, a poor African-American woman living in an urban area

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

difficult

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

52. Raquel has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and a substance use disorder. This is an example of a.

cohort effect.

b.

prevalence.

c.

comorbidity.

d.

selection bias.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: application

53. Mental disorders are _____ cause of disability worldwide.

a.

the least likely

b.

a moderately likely

c.

the leading

d.

the second leading cause

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Epidemiology: How Common Are Mental Disorders?

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

54. An individual or environmental characteristic that precedes a mental disorder and is correlated with that disorder is called a.

resilience.

b.

a risk factor.

c.

protective factor.

d.

protective resilience.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

55. Some risk factors, such as ____, are “fixed.” a.

social support

b.

family history

c.

location of residence

d.

comorbidity

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

56. Some risk factors, such as ____, are dynamic and can change over time. a.

social support

b.

gender

c.

race

d.

family history

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

57. Individuals who ____ are at increased risk of substance use disorders. a.

have not completed high school

b.

are high school graduates

c.

are attending college

d.

have an undergraduate degree

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

58. A childhood history of severe sexual abuse is more common in people with ____ personality disorder than those without the disorder. a.

anxious

b.

depressive

c.

borderline

d.

obsessive

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

59. Because of the unchanging nature of some risk factors such as gender or family history of a disorder, these risk factors are referred to as a.

static.

b.

dispositional.

c.

invariant.

d.

fixed.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

60. Men are more likely than women to develop a.

anxiety disorders.

b.

depression.

c.

Alzheimer’s.

d.

substance use disorders.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

61. Risk factors must ____ the development of the condition of interest. a.

precede

b.

follow

c.

coincide with

d.

counteract

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

62. The primary reason women have a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease than men is that women a.

live longer than men.

b.

are more likely to have genetic Alzheimer’s.

c.

are more likely to have comorbid heart disease.

d.

have higher levels of stress throughout life.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

63. Studies indicate that ____ to have more than one mental disorder any point in time. a.

men are more likely than women

b.

women are more likely than men

c.

adolescents are more likely than young adults

d.

the elderly are more likely than young adults

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

64. Suicide is a leading cause of death for a.

females.

b.

well-educated individuals.

c.

high-income individuals.

d.

15- to 24-year-olds.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

65. The explanation offered by your textbook for the high rate of suicide attempts in college students is a.

anxiety.

b.

biological predisposition.

c.

depression.

d.

stress.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

66. Men are at greater risk than women for a.

anxiety-related disorders

b.

antisocial personality disorder

c.

borderline personality disorder

d.

depressive disorders

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

67. Early onset of a disorder is related to a.

a poorer chance for recovery.

b.

a better chance for recovery.

c.

the prevalence of a disorder.

d.

the comorbidity of a disorder.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

68. Which statement about racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of mental disorders is most accurate? a.

Virtually all serious mental disorders are most prevalent among Asian Americans.

b.

Rates of mental illnesses are consistently lowest among African Americans.

c.

Native American are at markedly lower risk of alcohol use disorders.

d.

We cannot yet conclude that race and ethnicity are general risk factors for mental disorder.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

69. Rates of post­traumatic stress disorder tend to be highest among a.

African Americans

b.

Asian Americans

c.

European Americans

d.

Pacific Islanders

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

70. Which statement about the relationship between race/ethnicity and mental disorders is most accurate? a.

Race and ethnicity are inconsistently related to mental disorders.

b.

European and Asian populations have higher incidence dates.

c.

Caucasian groups are virtually immune to disorders.

d.

Hispanics and African Americans fare the worst.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

difficult

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

71. In summarizing sociodemographic risk factors, we can conclude that people generally fare better if they are a.

less educated, overemployed, and engaged.

b.

of average education, below average employment, and recently divorced.

c.

self-educated, self-employed, and self-satisfied.

d.

educated, gainfully employed, and married.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

72. The prevalence of mental disorder is highest among a.

divorced women.

b.

married women.

c.

married men.

d.

widows and widowers.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

73. Genetic predisposition, low birth weight, neuropsychological deficits, language disabilities, and child maltreatment are all examples of a.

protective factors.

b.

family risk factors.

c.

individual risk factors.

d.

social risk factors.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

74. Individuals who are ____ are more likely to develop psychological disorders than those who are ____. a.

unemployed; employed

b.

well-educated; less-educated

c.

married; divorced

d.

skilled workers; unskilled workers

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

75. Risk factors can be categorized as a.

individual, family, and community

b.

internal, external, and global

c.

person-centered, goal-centered, and uncentered

d.

with support, without support, and neurological

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

76. Severe marital discord, large family size, paternal criminality, and maternal mental disorder are all examples of a.

protective factors.

b.

family risk factors.

c.

individual risk factors.

d.

social risk factors.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

77. Violence, poverty, racism, sexism, and discrimination are all examples of a.

protective factors.

b.

family risk factors.

c.

individual risk factors.

d.

social risk factors.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

78. Protective factors are associated with ____ risk of mental disorder. a.

increased

b.

decreased

c.

stabilized

d.

inconsistent

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

79. Individuals with strong support from friends and family are ____ to

develop depression than those with ____ social support. a.

less likely; poor

b.

more likely; less

c.

less likely; even better

d.

more likely; weaker

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

80. Sylvia has been through some personal hard times recently but seems to be coping and doing quite well. If her outward positive behavior is an accurate expression of her true mental state, then a.

genetic immunity to mental disorders is apparent.

b.

she can be certain future events will all go well.

c.

she has likely had social support and an inherent positive attitude.

d.

her attitude comes from her statistical analysis of future probabilities.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

81. People with the lowest lifetime and one­year prevalence rates of mental disorder are a.

separated.

b.

divorced.

c.

happily married.

d.

single but looking.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

82. Having a positive temperament, above average intelligence, and social confidence are examples of ____ protective factors. a.

individual

b.

family

c.

community

d.

interpersonal

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

83. A smaller family size, supportive relationships with parents, good sibling relationships, and adequate monitoring and rule setting by parents are examples of ____ protective factors. a.

individual

b.

family

c.

community

d.

interpersonal

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

84. A commitment to schools, availability of health and social services, and social cohesion are examples of ____ protective factors. a.

individual

b.

family

c.

community

d.

universal

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

85. Research suggests that, for African Americans, religiosity a.

is at about the same level as for other racial groups.

b.

seems to increase the likelihood of mental disorder.

c.

is variable and thus, inconsistently related to mental disorders

d.

seems to reduce the likelihood of mental disorder.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

86. The ability to withstand or rise above extreme adversity is known as a.

extraversion.

b.

perseverance.

c.

resilience.

d.

mental health.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

87. Cedric’s home was severely damaged in Hurricane Sandy. In spite of losing nearly all of his possessions, Cedric’s difficulties in functioning have been minimal. This was true immediately after the storm and has remained true even now, more than 10 years later. Cedric is showing which pattern of disruption in functioning? a.

chronic

b.

delayed

c.

recovery

d.

resilience

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

88. Having good social and academic competence and effectiveness in work and play situations are key factors for resilience in a.

children.

b.

the elderly.

c.

middle age.

d.

baby-boomers.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

89. Resilience was originally studied in children of parents with a.

schizophrenia.

b.

borderline personality.

c.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

d.

anxiety disorder.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

90. Key resiliency factors among children include a.

good social competence.

b.

involved parents.

c.

an introverted personality.

d.

religiosity.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

91. Maria did very well immediately after she lost her home in a flash flood.

She kept very busy taking care of everything that needed to be done.

However, several weeks later, after she has gotten some things in place, she began experiencing severe anxiety and depression. Maria is manifesting a ____ pattern of disruption. a.

chronic

b.

delayed

c.

recovery

d.

resilience

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

92. Angela has never recovered from the death of her husband and two of her three children in a terrible automobile accident 10 years ago. In fact, she began drinking heavily, became homeless, lost custody of her remaining child, and has been in and out of treatment centers and jail since the accident until now. Angela is showing the ____ pattern of disruption of function. a.

chronic

b.

delayed

c.

recovery

d.

resilience

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: application

93. Religiosity is highest among a.

African Americans.

b.

Asian.

c.

Vietnamese.

d.

Eskimo.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

94. Buffers against adverse circumstances include a.

strong bonds with family members.

b.

financial wealth.

c.

visual-spatial skills.

d.

having high expectations.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Risk, Protective Factors, and Resilience

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

95. Thwarting the development of later problems is referred to as a.

resilience.

b.

protection.

c.

anxiousness.

d.

prevention.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

96. Research on femicide suggests that a.

previous abuse seems to inevitably bring about murder.

b.

unemployment, drug abuse, and gun access are influential measures.

c.

little has been concluded.

d.

perpetrators are almost always labeled as criminally insane.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

97. What factors distinguish between abusers who do not kill their female

victims and those who do? a.

Previous arrest of the perpetrator for domestic violence reduces the risk of femicide.

b.

While abusers are initially not violent, those who commit femicide are consistently violent.

c.

Those who commit femicide kill other people as well.

d.

Those who commit femicide have usually had better childhoods.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

98. Protective factors that reduce the risk of femicide include a.

never living together

b.

previous separation from the abuser

c.

leaving the abuser for another partner

d.

not pressing charges for previous abuse

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

99. Prevention programs often use a strategy of a.

don’t ask, don’t tell, and deny wrongdoing.

b.

identifying people at risk who lack protective factors.

c.

singling out and stigmatizing individuals.

d.

becoming aware of early indications from projective testing.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

100. The Peterson and Brown (1994) prevention of child abuse plan has a focus on a.

parental education, sensitivity training, recognition of resources, and empathy.

b.

a systematic procedure toward automatic response correctness.

c.

problem-solving, positive parenting, parenting skills, extended parenting, and anger management.

d.

the intangible and undecipherable aspects of determining intentions.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

101. In general, child abuse prevention programs should go beyond risk factors to a.

the fundamental attitudes of the parents.

b.

threats of legal action or losing the children.

c.

incarceration of one or both parents.

d.

enhancing protective factors.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

102. A sample treatment plan for preventing child maltreatment in high­risk families would likely include a.

anger management education.

b.

the removal of children from the household.

c.

the incarceration of the parents until program completion.

d.

authoritative parenting education.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

103. Individuals in a child abuse prevention program who are learning ____ will develop skills such as how to define behaviors and goals, recognize developmentally appropriate goals, identify rewards, and identify reasonable level of control. a.

extending parenting

b.

anger management

c.

parenting skills

d.

problem-solving

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

104. Individuals in a child abuse prevention program who are learning ____ skills will learn to see themselves through their child’s eyes as they recall their own parents’ responses to frustration and how it felt to bear the brunt of those reactions. a.

extending parenting

b.

anger management

c.

parenting

d.

problem-solving

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

105. Prevention programs aim to a.

eliminate all risk factors.

b.

strengthen family risk factors.

c.

enhance protective factors.

d.

remove individual risk factors.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

106. The basis of ____ is to build mental health and limit the scope of problems before they worsen. a.

prevention

b.

intervention

c.

enhancement

d.

resilience

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

107. The idea of prevention as part of a continuum refers to the notion of addressing a.

identification, diagnosis, and treatment.

b.

severity of symptoms from minor to very serious.

c.

prevention, treatment, and maintenance.

d.

the reality that we all possess traits of mental disorders.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

108. Prevention occurs before a disorder develops, while ____ occurs long after a disorder has developed. a.

treatment

b.

maintenance

c.

universality

d.

resilience

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

109. If a prevention plan is administered to a wide range of people, it would be considered a.

saturation.

b.

propaganda.

c.

public domain.

d.

universal.

ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

110. When large groups of people not afflicted by a particular problem are targeted to reduce new cases of a disorder, ____ prevention has been utilized. a.

universal

b.

secondary

c.

selective

d.

saturation

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

111. Addressing problems while they are manageable and before they are more resistant to treatment is key to ____ prevention. a.

universal

b.

secondary

c.

selective

d.

saturation

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

112. May 1 of each year is set aside as National a.

Anxiety Disorders Screening Day.

b.

Depression Screening Day.

c.

Anxiety Disorders Diagnosis Day.

d.

Depression Diagnosis Day.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

113. A program to find and help youth genetically predisposed schizophrenia would be an example of ____ prevention. a.

primary

b.

secondary

c.

tertiary

d.

selective

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

114. A prevention program that targets a segment of people at higher risk of a given adverse outcome is referred to as a.

specialized.

b.

secondary.

c.

discrimination.

d.

selective.

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

115. Selective prevention has been recommended especially for a.

problems that have few significant adverse outcomes

b.

high-risk problems such as suicide

c.

socially isolated individuals such as the elderly.

d.

individuals who are unwilling to accept treatment

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

116. Prevention practices that target individuals or subgroups of the population who are more likely than the general population to develop a particular disorder are key to ____ prevention. a.

universal

b.

secondary

c.

selective

d.

primary

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

117. The goal of ____ prevention is to stabilize symptoms, provide rehabilitation, prevent relapse, improve a person’s quality of life, and lessen effects of an existing mental disorder.

a.

primary

b.

secondary

c.

tertiary

d.

indicated

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

118. What does tertiary prevention share something in common with primary and secondary prevention? a.

It focuses on preventing other problems.

b.

It targets individuals who are high risk for developing extensive problems in the future.

c.

It seeks to reduce the duration and further negative effects before onset.

d.

It is intended to eliminate mental disorders.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

119. A prevention strategy that targets individuals at high risk for developing extensive future problems is referred to as a.

treatment.

b.

marginalization.

c.

indicated prevention.

d.

intensive prevention.

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

120. Ariana has many of the risk factors for developing a major depressive disorder; however, she has not yet shown any symptoms of one. Even so, she has been pulled into a prevention program on her campus based on the fact that she has significant risk factors, and that she is far from home and lacks the social support that might protect her from developing depression.

Ariana is in a(n) _____ prevention program. a.

primary

b.

secondary

c.

tertiary

d.

indicated

ANSWER:

d

DIFFICULTY:

easy

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: application

121. A key advantage of prevention is that a.

enormous amounts of resources can be saved.

b.

people will keep themselves occupied more.

c.

therapists will be more effective.

d.

diagnosis will no longer be needed.

ANSWER:

a

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: factual

122. What focus does tertiary prevention programs share with primary and secondary prevention programs? a.

providing intervention to individuals with no sign of mental disorder

b.

dealing with the negative effects of mental disorder after onset

c.

attempting to reduce problems associated with a mental disorder on a community-wide basis

d.

educating the general public about the seriousness of all disorders and their impact

ANSWER:

c

DIFFICULTY:

difficult

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual

123. Providing accurate information about how much alcohol is consumed by college students is a form of a.

risk reduction.

b.

social norming.

c.

social marketing.

d.

harm avoidance.

ANSWER:

b

DIFFICULTY:

moderate

REFERENCES:

Prevention

OTHER:

TYPE: conceptual