Environmental Analysis of Avondale Racecourse

Architectural Ecologies 4: Environment Performance

Environmnetal analysis report: Avondale Racecourse

Report by Sheldon Williams & Sivan Danin Huri te Ao, School of Future Environments Auckland University of Technology

1

This environmental analysis report articulates findings from the Avondale Race course, which is a large greenfield site in Avondale, Auckland.

Contents:

All diagrams and drawings have been produced

by Sheldon Williams or Sivan Danin unless stated otherwise.

2. Wind studies ............................................................................................................... p.06

Site Location: Avondale Racecourse , Auckland Site Size: 180,0000sqm Proposed site use: Urban mixed use Main site challenges: Geotechnical, environemtal, socio-ecological, economic.

Orintation: North West

4. Biodiverity analysis ..................................................................................................... p.10

1. Solar Radiation Studies ................................................................................................. p.04

3. Air & Climate ............................................................................................................... p.08

5. Hydrology analysis .....................................................................................................

p.12

6. Geotechnical analysis .................................................................................................. p.14 7. Transportation & Circulation ......................................................................................... p.16 Summary of Report ......................................................................................................... p.18 References ..................................................................................................................... p.20

Report by Sheldon Williams & Sivan Danin Huri te Ao, School of Future Environments Auckland University of Technology

2

3

N

12:00pm Spring 12:00pm Autumn

17:12pm

7:33am

12:00pm 6:11am Spring

18:17pm Spring 19.32pm Autumn

12:00PM

9:00AM

E

W

Notes: Figure 1: diagram data has been refereced from Suncalc, 2022.

7:24am Autumn

AUTUMN + SPRING EQUINOX

Spring Equinox

Summer Solstice, December 22

S

10

09

08

12

13

11

10

09

Dawn: 07:03:09 07 Sunrise: 07:28:43 E Culmination: 13:27:03

08 09 08

06

Sunset: 19:24:47 Dusk: 19:50:18 Daylight duration: 11h56m4s 05 Altitude: 45.88° Azimuth: 32.94° Shadow length [m]: 0.97s

Autumn Equinox

Dawn: 05:45:43 Sunrise: 06:11:15 17:12pm Culmination: 12:14:07 Sunset: 18:17:35 Dusk: 18:43:10 Daylight duration: 12h6m20s Altitude: 52.52° W Azimuth: 6.64° Shadow length [m]: 0.77s

Dawn: 07:03:09 Sunrise: 07:28:43 Culmination: 13:27:03 Sunset: 19:24:47 Dusk: 19:50:18 Daylight duration: 11h56m4s Altitude: 45.88° Azimuth: 32.94° Shadow length [m]: 0.97s

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7:33am

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40° 30°

NORTH WEST FACE

20°

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Daylight duration: 12h6m20s Altitude: 52.52° Azimuth: 6.64° Shadow length [m]: 0.77s S

Solstice, June 21 12 11 13 10 14Winter 09

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7:33am 15 16 17

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15 16

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Autumn Equinox Dawn: 07:03:09 Sunrise: 07:28:43 Culmination: 13:27:03 Sunset: 19:24:47 Dusk: 19:50:18

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08 07:05:04 MIXED USE ROADS 07 Sunrise: E 0907:33:44 08 Culmination: 12:22:56 06 07 GREEN/BLUE PATHS Sunset: 17:12:08

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W

15

Dusk: 17:40:48 06 Daylight duration: 9h38m24s NEW 05LYNN - AVONDALE Altitude: 29.41° Azimuth: 6.57° PATH Shadow lengthTE [m]:WHAU 1.77 NORTH EAST FACE

18

19

SIGNIFICANT VIEWS RAIL LINE

TE

BUS ROUTE

08

12:00PM

08

10

H AS

09

10

07

09

3:00PM

ET

08

11

RE ST

6:00PM

E

08

16

18

Daylight duration: 11h56m4s Altitude: 45.88° BUS STOP Azimuth: 32.94° Shadow length [m]: 0.97s

11

12

13

14

09 09

07 12

13

14

15

09

11Dawn: 10

S

14

17

80° 70°

06

07

AVONDALE STATION

06

60° 50°

05

40° 30°

SOUTH WEST FACE

AVONDALE RACE COURSE

20° 10° S

9:00AM

12:00PM

3:00PM

WA ITA Shadowpath diagrams generated in Revit HU RAN GI ( POR TAG E) N N N

N

N

6:00PM

50°

AVONDALE MARKET

08 07

07

E

H RT

06

NO

06

ST WE

W

COMMUNITY BUSINESSES

HEALTHCARE

T ES

HW

Daylight duration: 9h38m24s Altitude: 29.41° Azimuth: 6.57° Shadow length [m]: 1.77

18

16

1214

13 15

17

1311

12 10

80°

80° 07

70°

70°

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A40° IW

19

T AS

NORTH WEST

09 08

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09 08

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07 11 10 09 09 08 08 11 10 07 0907 09 E 08 08 06 07

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16 14

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12 15 14 12 14

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W17

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18

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05

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1214

13 11 15

12 14 10

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1311

09 08 09 08

08

19

70°

70°

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60°

60°

50°

50°

50°

40°

40°

40°

30°

30°

30°

20°

10°

10°

10°

10°

10°

S

S

S

S

FACE NORTH WEST FACE NORTH WEST NORTH FACE WEST

NORTH EAST

Stereographic diagram of sunlight hours in all faces of the site (NIWA, 2020)

06

06

15

16

08 07

07

12 10

70°

20°

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14 16

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1513 16

16 14

13 11 14

12 15 14 12 14

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11 12 09

10 11 08

09 10

13 12 13 11 12 10 11 10 11 14 10 09 15 09 08

07

11 14 10 09 09 AD 15 09 16 RO 16 08 16 08 12 12 08 13 12 H 13 11 11 13 11 T 14 10 14 10 17 14 17 R 07 E 07 15 1510 0907 15 W 09 E NO 09 08 16 T 08 16 08 16 A E 18 18 06 06 06 07GR 80° 07 80° 17 1780° 07 17 13 15

20°

AT

10 11 08

13 12 13 11 12 10 11 10 11 14 10 09 15 09 08

20°

I NU

11 12 09

07

06

05

15

12 13 10

30°

AO EW

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09 10

13 11 14

30°IR

20°

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12 14 10

70°

HE

UT

13 11 15

1780° 18

10 11 08

13 12 13 11 12 10 11 10 11 14 10 09 15 09 08

09 16 16 12 13 12 08 13 12 11 13 14 11 10 14 14 17 10 15 15 09 16 16 08

18

19

12 14

30°

SITE SO

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17 15

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18

180,0000sqm SOUTH EAST

W 18 17

18

PUBLIC BUILDING

05

14

16 W17

13 15

14 16

15

12 15 14

1513 16

16 14

15

16

EDUCATION FACILITIES

UT

Winter Soltice 20° Dawn: 07:05:04 Sunrise: 07:33:44 10° Culmination: 12:22:56 S Sunset: 17:12:08 Dusk: 17:40:48

15

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11 12 09

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15 16 E

W17

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W 18 17

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06

17 15

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1214

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12 14 10

1311

12 10

09 16 16 12 13 12 08 13 12 11 13 14 11 10 14 14 17 10 15 15 09 16 16 08 17

18

1780° 18

70° 60°

80°

80° 07

70°

70°

60°

60°

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08

09 08

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07 11 10 09 09 08 08 11 10 07 0907 09 E 08 08 06 07

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80° 70° 60°

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10°

10°

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19

NORTH EAST FACEEAST FACE NORTH NORTH EAST FACE

100m

200m

SOUTH WEST 300m

19

400m S

S

S 500m

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08

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NORTH WEST FAC

07 14

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13

50°

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07

40°

05

E

N

50°

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08

10°

WIN 12 13 10

09

20°

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12

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N

R ST TE GA

11

March 21st: 2.34 Cumulative kWh/m2 per 11 hour 10 14 15 09 16 08 Daylight hours 11 = 25.74 07 12 13 11 hour 14 June 21st: 2.62 Cumulative kWh/m2 per 10 15 09 08 12 Daylight hours 10 = 26.216 13 11 14 10 17 07 15 W 09 August 21st: 2.59 Cumulative kWh/m2 per hour08 16 18 06 07 80° 17 Daylight hours 12 =31.08 70° 18 September 21st: 3.12 Cumulative kWh/m2 per hour, 06 60° Daylight hours 13 19= 40:56 50° 05 40° December 21st: 3.43 Cumulative kWh/m2 per hour 30° Daylight hours 14 = 48.02 kWh/m2 per day.

13

15

16

08

08

SO

S

09

07 ARTERIAL Winter Solstice, June 21 ROAD

10

09 Dawn: 07:05:04 Sunrise: 07:33:44 12 13 11 Culmination: 12:22:56 14 10 09 Sunset: 17:12:08 08 12 13 11 10 14 Dusk: 17:40:48 09 08 Daylight duration: 9h38m24s 07 Altitude: 80° 29.41° Azimuth: 70° 6.57° 60° Shadow length [m]: 1.77

30°

WINTER SOLTICE, JUNE 22

10

12

13

14

15

16

PUBLIC PARKS

40°

4

12

13

ST EA

7:24am Autumn

S

13

16

06

07

14

15

16

Autumn Equinox 07

14

15

16

H RT

6:11am Spring

Shadow length [m]: 0.41

N 08

09

NO

12:00pm Spring 12:00pm Autumn

Altitude: 67.92°

10

HI

TE A

BLUE/GREEN ZONE

16

7pm Spring Azimuth: 58.18° 2pm Autumn

11

N

N

Dawn: 05:27:46 Sunrise: 05:58:14 Culmination: 13:19:33 Sunset: 20:40:51 Dusk: 21:11:19 Daylight duration: 14h42m37s

11

12

Spring Equinox Dawn: 05:45:43 Sunrise: 06:11:15 Culmination: 12:14:07 Sunset: 18:17:35 Dusk: 18:43:10 N

5:58am

S

12

13

N

RO AD

6:11am Spring

13

70° Dusk: 18:43:10 60° Daylight duration: 12h6m20s 50° Altitude: 52.52° W 40° Azimuth: 6.64° 30° [m]: 0.77s Shadow length

19

S

Below states the cumulative kWh/m2N of typical solar panels in New Zealand. Data drawn in these calculations are site specific and have been generated using NIWA’s (2022) solarRA TAU AKA R view calculation tool: -A -KĀ

OAD

BLOCK HOUSE ROAD

20:40pm

17

N

S

Dawn: 05:45:43 12 13 11 14 10 15Sunrise: 06:11:15 16 17:12pm Culmination: 12:14:07 80° Sunset: 18:17:35

18

Altitude: 67.92° Azimuth: 58.18° Shadow length [m]: 0.41

N

ND R

DE S

18:17pm Spring 19.32pm Autumn

E

W

18

EBA

JU

17

Sunset: 20:40:51 Dusk: 21:11:19 Daylight duration: 14h42m37s 12:00pm

14

15

12:00pm Spring W 12:00pm Autumn

Daylight duration: 14h42m37s Altitude: 67.92° Azimuth: 58.18° Shadow length [m]: 0.41

Spring Equinox 16

ROS

ST

Dawn: 05:27:46 Sunrise: 05:58:14 Culmination: 13:19:33

14

15

16

Summer Solstice, December 22

14

15

16

AD RO

NE

N

Photo voltaic panel tilt angle in Auckland: Latitude: 36 ° 50’, Summer ange: 27 °, Winter angle 52 ° (level, 2020).

IL LI

N

6:00PM

WES T RA

SUMMER SOLSTICE, DECEMBERS 22

RIV

AUTUMN/SPRING EQUINOX

Figure 2: Shadow path diagrams have been generated using Sun path data from NIWA, 2020.

E AL SD

ER

Summer Soltice Dawn: 05:27:46 Sunrise: 05:58:14 Culmination: 13:19:33 Sunset: 20:40:51 Dusk: 21:11:19

5:58am

WINTER SOLSTICE

20:40pm

3:00PM

7:24am Autumn

H ROAD

E

W

The Avevage sunlight hours in Auckland are 2060 hours annually, making this North west facing site a catalyst for large scale solar generation capacity (NIWA, 2022). An ideal solution for this would be solar panels which which convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels.

GREAT NORT

This section of the report examines solar geometry in relation to the Avondale Racecourse site, Avondale Auckland. The studies document Sun paths, potential shadows of neighbouring buildings (using BIM to anaylise and visualise) and calculates daylight/sunlight hours for each boundry of the site.

1.2 SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION

N

N

SUMMER SOLSTICE

1.1 SOLAR STUDIES

50°

06

07 06

05

40° FACE SOUTH WEST FACE SOUTH WEST SOUTH FACE WEST

600m

SOUTH EAST

30°

SOUTH EAST

S

5

WIND ENERGY GENERATION POTENTIAL

Wind rose map 1:5000 @A3 100m

AL SD

ROS

EBA

R

E RIV

OAD

A -A-R I-KĀ

H

TE A

T

ARTERIAL ROAD

E RE

H AS

RAIL LINE

5°

20%

ST

Day time average temperarture Avondale Notes: Night time average temperarture avondale

25°

WA ITA

TE GA

BLOCK HOUSE ROAD

ORT AGE )

BLUE/GREEN ZONE

T

EE

R ST

WIN

PUBLIC PARKS

20°

Prevailing south-westerly winds with 94 days of recorded wind, 40 of which are between 11 and 16 knots (Teara 2022).

Avondale Racecoruse site experiences 47.5 calm days per calender year (Teara 2022).

15°

AVONDALE MARKET

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DE

Average cloud percentage Avondale Average humidity percentage Avondale

100%

80%

60%

WIND ROSE LEGEND

EDUCATION FACILITIES TH OR

AD RO

10°

TN EA

COMMUNITY BUSINESSES

A W

RI

SITE

I

AO EW

NU

I AT

5°

11-16 Knots

T

N

20%

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

6.5m

100m

200m

300m

400m

20.5m

40%

17-21 Knots

WES T RA

HEALTHCARE

Frequency, circle represents one day < 21 Knots

IL LI NE

GR

PUBLIC BUILDING

6

40%

Average day and night time temperatures Avondale (NIWA, 2022).

JU

GREAT NORT

AVONDALE RACE COURSE

SIGNIFICANT VIEWS

I (P

10°

The potential passive heating and cooling systems of the site can be determined through orientation of buildings, in conjunction with strategic placement of windows and ventilation openings, to harness the natural sunlight to warm the building, while using windows and ventilation openings to cool the building when desired.

DE S

TE WHAU PATH

BUS ROUTE

60%

Considering the potential power output aswell as the fact that wind turbines are extremely loud and disruptive, we conclude that within the urban setting of the site, using solar technologies to generate energy is much more efficient.

RO AD

H ROAD

NEW LYNN - AVONDALE

NG

80%

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

AVONDALE STATION

HU RA

20°

days. From which the potential power generated by a typical wind turbine with a rotar diameter of 125 metres would produce a total of 3446KW annually, the average home in Aotearoa uses roughly 7000KW annualy.

ST

GREEN/BLUE PATHS

BUS STOP

100%

15°

ND R

A AUR KAT

MIXED USE ROADS

25°

D OA

ER

TE

Looking at the prevailing Average cloud percentage Avondale South-Westerly winds of the site, Average humidity percentage we can determine an Avondale average windspeed of 15 Knots over 90

Day time average temperarture Avondale Night time average temperarture avondale

500m

600m

1-10 Knots

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Average Cloud and humidity percentages Avondale (NIWA, 2022).

7

Cold

35°C

8.3

Mar

19

Apr

17°C

May

May

Jun Jan Jul Feb Aug Mar Sep Apr Oct May Nov Jun Dec Jul

Jun Jan Jul Feb Aug Mar Sep Apr Oct May Nov Jun Dec Jul Annual Aug

90.0

120.0

150.0

180.0

210.0

240.0

270.0

300.0

15°C

31 May 16°C

57.1

16°C 10°C

Oct Average site temperatures101.3 (NIWA, 2022).

Nov

51.8

Dec

Dec

15.8

0.0 30.0 60.0 90.0 120.0 150.0 180.0 210.0 240.0 270.0 Celsius-based 5-year-average (2017 to 2021) cooling degree days with a base temperature of 24 C

300.0

Annual

Celsius based 5 year average heating degree days with a base temperature of 18 C

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

100%

Mar

0.8

Apr

0

70%

May

MayComfortable

0

60%

Jun Jan

Jun Jan Jul Feb

Oct May Nov Jun

Nov Jun Dec Jul Aug 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Sep Celsius based 5 year average cooling degree days with a base temperature of 24 C

Muggy

Dec Jul Annual Aug Jan

Feb

Mar

1.2 0 9.9 0 Apr

Nov

Nov

0

Dec

Dec

1.2

Annual

9.9

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

50% 40%

4.5

5.0

BUS ROUTE

NG

I (P

ORT AGE )

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector and gas (Stats NZ, T

EE

R ST TE GA

Agriculture -

Carbon dioxide

WIN

Methane

H RT

O TN EA

Energy -

COMMUNITY BUSINESSES

Nitrous Oxdie

AD RO

Fluorinated gasses

GR

PUBLIC BUILDING HEALTHCARE A W

RI

SITE

I

AO EW

Indicative diagram of pollution sources in relation to the site.

NU

I AT

Industrial -

T

N

100m

Scale of source & intensity of pollution

200m

300m

400m

Land use -

30% 20% 11 Dec 4%

25 Aug 0%

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep 0 Percentage based annual humidity comfortability, (NIWA, 2022).

Oct

1.0

Dry

00 27 Mar 0 0

0

0.5

80%

0.80 00

Oct

0.0

90%

3.80 4.10

4%

HU RA

EDUCATION FACILITIES

4.1

Oct May

WA ITA

AVONDALE MARKET

Feb

2 Feb 14%

TE

BUS STOP

PUBLIC PARKS

Feb

Sep Apr

Pollution caused by motor vehicles is another huge culprit for Co2 and P10 particles (Stats NZ, 2019). The graph below shows the main sources of pollution in New Zealand.

AVONDALE RACE COURSE

BLUE/GREEN ZONE

1081.0

Humid

TE WHAU PATH

RAIL LINE

3.8

Aug Mar Sep Apr

NEW LYNN - AVONDALE

-5°C

Jan

Aug Mar

R ST

GREEN/BLUE PATHS

SIGNIFICANT VIEWS

Jan

Jul Feb

H AS

MIXED USE ROADS

0°C

Dec

Muggy

Mar Celsius-based 5-year-average (2017 to 2021) cooling degree days with a base temperature of 24 C Apr

T

EE

-20°C

Oct Nov

5°C

-15°C

Sep Jan

146.4 Apr

10°C

8°C

-10°C

Sep

Mar

15°C 10°C

119.5 169.7 10.4 200.9 8.3 180.8 19 146.4 57.1 101.3 119.5 51.8 169.7 15.8 200.9 1081.0 180.8

Feb

22 Dec 16°C

15 Jul 14°C

ARTERIAL ROAD

IL

Feb

22 Dec 25°C 21°C 20°C

WES T RA

Feb Mar Celsius-based 5-year-average (2017 to 2021) heating degree days with a base temperature of 18 C Apr

8

22 Mar 21°C 10.4

D

The Avondale Racecourse has multiple pollution sources including transportation, light industry, commercial activity and residential housing pullulation caused by building services. In the Auckland region the main causes of pollution in winter are domestic fires, which emit 11 tonnes fine particles into the air a day (Auckland Council, 2019).

30°C

Jan

ROA

In general Auckland’s air quality index indicates low levels of pollution (Plume Labs, 2022). Local air and noise pollution do exist and can affect the environment.

40°C

06 Feb 23°C

AND

H ROAD

Warm

Jan

60.0

SEB

R

Celsius-based 5-year-average (2017 to 2021) heating degree days with a base temperature of 18 C

30.0

AIRRO& NOISE POLLUTION

R IVE

This section of the report researches air quality and climatic conditionx of the Avondale Racecourse site.

Aug 0.0

D OA

ER

AL SD

GREAT NORT

AIR & CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

10%

Waste -

0% -30 -20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (million tonnes)

9

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Ecologies map 1:8000 @A3 100m

AWA Planting

PT LOT 150 DP 17631 LOT 1 DP 570877 349

LOT 2 DP 570877 145

LOT 3 DP 570877 153

LOT 1 DP 570682 260 LOT 3 DP 570682 39

LOT 2 DP 570682 309

PUBLIC PARK PROPOSED SITE focus Species Strategy

AWA Planting

Through analysis of surrounding ecological sites, we are able to determine some of the existing Flora and Fauna of the area, which allows us to design an ecological restoration strategy that is consistant with current and historic ecosystems.

PUBLIC PARK PROPOSED SITE focus Species Strategy

LOT 1 DP 550399 LOT 2 DP 315490 LOT 1 DP 315490 LOT 1 DP 210578

AVONDALE RACECOURSE

LOT 3 DP 210578

LOT 2 DP 210578

AWA TE WHAU

LOT 1 DP 471511

29000000 square meters LOT 3 DP 520308 LOT 2 DP 520308 170 162

LOT 1 DP 562712 270

LOT 9 DP 562712 330

LOT 5 DP 520308 23 LOT 4 DP 520308 165

LOT 8 DP 562712 298

LOT 2 DP 562712 255

LOT 7 DP 562712 300

LOT 1 DP 520308 289

LOT 100 DP 562712 428 LOT 3 DP 562712 256

LOT 6 DP 562712 298

E AL SD

LOT 1 DP 126452

LOT 4 DP 562712 297

LOT 5 DP 562712 396

AD RO

ROS

EBA

ER

RIV

LOT 2 DP 514749 229 LOT 1 DP 514749 238

LOT 3 DP 514749 304

ND R

LOT 4 DP 514749 303

LOT 5 DP 514749 245

OAD

LOT 6 DP 514749 204

LOT 7 DP 514749 255 LOT 18 DP 514749 197 LOT 8 DP 514749 128

LOT 20 DP 514749 386

LOT 17 DP 514749 122

LOT 9 DP 514749 129 LOT 10 DP 514749 126 LOT 1 DP 204913

LOT 16 DP 514749 131 LOT 15 DP 514749 171

LOT 11 DP 514749 130 LOT 12 DP 514749 127

LOT 14 DP 514749 149

LOT 13 DP 514749 141

LOT 19 DP 514749 452

LOT 2 DP 204913 LOT 3 DP 204913

SECT 2 SO 331764

A AUR KAT

LOT 4 DP 204913

LOT 5 DP 204913 LOT 1 DP 205362

SECT 1 SO 331764

A -A-R I-KĀ

LOT 2 DP 205362

LOT 1 DP 415314

LOT 2 DP 415314

LOT 8 DP 415314

LOT 9 DP 415314

H

TE A

LOT 3 DP 415314

LOT 7 DP 415314

LOT 4 DP 415314

LOT 6 DP 415314

LOT 5 DP 415314

LOT 1 DP 492287

LOT 2 DP 492287 LOT 3 DP 492287

Fauna of focus

LOT 1 DP 205331

LOT 1 DP 560926 LOT 2 DP LOT560926 3 DP LOT560926 4 DP LOT560926 5 DP LOT560926 6 DP 560926 74 64 64 64 64 64 LOT 7 DP 560926 90

LOT 2 DP 205331 LOT 100 DP 560926 705

LOT 8 DP 560926 76

LOT 2 DP 110599

LOT 9 DP 560926 69

LOT 1 DP 110599

LOT 10 DP 560926 68 LOT 11 DP 560926 72 LOT 12 DP 560926 67 LOT 14 LOT DP 560926 15 DP 560926 LOT 16 DP 560926 93 69 120 LOT 13 DP 560926 147

Pukeko (native) Feral pigeon Nz kingfisher (native) Spur winged plover Rock pigeon Blackbird South island oystercatcher (native) Pied stilt Karoro/black backed gull (native) Long finned eel (native)

LOT 1 DP 561053

ARTERIAL ROAD

T

E RE

LOT 1 DP 545841 224

LOT 1 DP 188799 LOT 2 DP 188799

H AS

MIXED USE ROADS

ST

LOT 1 DP 553724 376

LOT 2 DP 545841 215

LOT 2 DP 553724 305

LOT 3 DP 545841 247

LOT 1 DP 108040 LOT 1 DP 132715

LOT 1 DP 174549

LOT 1 DP 400030

LOT 2 DP 400030

SECT 261 SO 434446

SECT 262 SO 434446

H ROAD

NEW LYNN - AVONDALE

LOT 1 DP 566021 363

LOT 2 DP 566021 312

LOT 1 DP 568058 345 LOT 2 DP 568058 211

LOT 3 DP 568058 190

LOT 4 DP 568058 168

LOT 5 DP 568058 173

BUS STOP

DE S

LOT 2 DP 561821 304

LOT 1 DP 561821 361

SECT 238 SO 434446

White faced heron Little black shag Piwakawaka (native) Leopard seal Paradise shelduck (native) Australian magpie Eastern rosella Australasian harrier Common bottlenose dolphin Tui (native) Hedgehog

LOT 1 DP 459842

AWA Planting

SECT 228 SO 434446

SECT 11 SO 516701

SECT 12 SO 441004

SECT 9 SO 503564

SECT 11 SO 441004

SECT 8 SO 503564

SECT 20 SO 503564

SECT 8 SO 441004

SECT 10 SO 516701

SECT 227 SO 434446

SECT 19 SO 503564 SECT 7 SO 441004

WA ITA

SECT 14 SO 503564 SECT 12 SO 503564

SECT 18 SO 503564

SECT 11 SO 503564 SECT 9 SO 516701

SECT 17 SO 503564

SECT 219 SO 434446

SECT 15 SO 503564 SECT 13 SO 503564

SECT 6 SO 441004

SECT 8 SO 516701 SECT 16 SO 503564 SECT 10 SO 503564

PUBLIC PARK PROPOSED SITE focus Species Strategy

SECT 4 SO 441004

SECT 7 SO 516701 SECT 2 SO 441004

AWA Planting

PUBLIC PARK PROPOSED SITE focus Species Strategy

SECT 6 SO 516701

NG

SECT 3 SO 441004

I (P

OAKLEY CREEK/HARBUTT RESERVE

SECT 1 SO 441004

SECT 214 SO 434446

ORT AGE )

LOT 1 DP 194513

T EE

LOT 2 DP 198712 LOT 11 DP 198712

LOT 1 DP 198712 LOT 3 DP 198712

LOT 4 DP 198712

TR ES

LOT 5 DP 198712

LOT 6 DP 198712

AT

LOT 7 DP 198712

G WIN

LOT 12 DP 198712 LOT 13 DP 198712 LOT 8 DP 198712

PUBLIC PARKS

LOT 9 DP 198712

LOT 10 DP 198712

LOT 4 DP 205935

LOT 6 DP 205935

LOT 3 DP 205935

LOT 5 DP 205935

LOT 2 DP 205935

LOT 1 DP 205935

SECT 2 SO 526568

SECT 21 SO 512442

500000 square meters

SECT 22 SO 512442 SECT 3 SO 526568 SECT 205 SO 434446 SECT 25 SO 512442

SECT 4 SO 526568

SECT 26 SO 512442 SECT 5 SO 526568

SECT 24 SO 512442

Existing Flora

SECT 27 SO 512442 SECT 203 SO 434446 SECT 29 SO 512442 SECT 28 SO 512442

SECT 32 SO 512442 SECT 31 SO 512442 SECT 34 SO 512442 SECT 33 SO 512442 SECT SO434446 512442 SECT 20135SO

SECT 18 SO 512442

SECT 36 SO 512442 SECT 37 SO 512442

SECT 38 SO 512442

SECT 43 SO 512442

SECT 23 SO 512442

LOT 1 DP 460156

TH OR

AD RO

N AT

COMMUNITY BUSINESSES PUBLIC BUILDING

IL LI

LOT 2 DP 200790

LOT 3 DP 200790

WES T RA

HEALTHCARE A W

RI

SITE

I

AO W TE

NU

I AT

Existing Fauna

NE

E GR

LOT 1 DP 200790

LOT 2 DP 477394 LOT 1 DP 205311

LOT 3 DP 205311

LOT 4 DP 205311 LOT 2 DP 205311

LOT 1 DP 477394

LOT 100 DP 559728 218 LOT 8 DP 559728 90 LOT 7 DP 559728 LOT 6 DP 559728 101 LOT 5 DP 559728 101 LOT 4 DP 559728 101 LOT 3 DP 559728 101 LOT 2 DP 559728 100 LOT 1 DP 559728 100 106

LOT 2 DP 113861

LOT 1 DP 113861

100m

200m 10,000 sqm

300m 100m

400m 200m

500m 300m

400m

600m 500m

Existing Flora

SECT 30 SO 512442 SECT642 LOT DPSO 148385 512442

LOT 1 DP 409836

EDUCATION FACILITIES

CHALMERS RESERVE

SECT 1 SO 526568 SECT 207 SO 434446

SECT 206 SO 434446

AVONDALE MARKET

10

Pukeko (native) Feral pigeon Mallard duck Tunneling mud crab Nz sea slater Nz kingfisher (native) Spur winged plover Rock pigeon Blackbird South island oystercatcher (native) Pied stilt Red billed gull

The planting strategy focuses on both the human and the more-than-human, Herbs and vegetables grown on the site become public places for connection through growing and eating together. The biodiversity focuses on a range of berries, flowers, seeds and fruit that attract and feed Fauna such as Keruru, Tui and Kaka. The range of small plants, shrubs and trees promotes a diversity of insects, birds, and bees to develop a flourishing and vibrant ecosystem.

SECT 234 SO 434446

SECT 21 SO 503564

BLUE/GREEN ZONE

N

Existing Fauna

Karamu (native) Rengarenga (native) Common daisy Palm grass Horseweeds Swan plant Queensland poplar Pine tree Honey locust Stinking mayweed Greter periwinkle Alligator weed Madeira vine Tutae Koau/native celery (native)

SECT 239 SO 434446

SECT 7 SO 503564

HU RA

BUS ROUTE

LOT 1 DP 439477

LOT 3 DP 552997 318

BLOCK HOUSE ROAD

TE

JU

SIGNIFICANT VIEWS

LOT 2 DP 552997 554

LOT 1 DP 552997 342

Tōtara (Berries) Tītoki (Berries) Putaputaweta (flower) Kiwifruit (Fruit) Lemon (Fruit) Tī kōuka (Berries) Taupata (Fruit, seeds) Orange (Fruit) Grapefruit (Fruit) Pāpāumu (Berries) Kōtukutuku (Flowers) Plum (Fruit) Rewarewa (Flowers) Hoheria (Flowers) Kahikatea (Berries) Mahoe (Berries) Kaikomako (Berries) Pōhutukawa (Flowers) Tarata (Flowers) Rātā (Flowers, seeds) Kowhai (Flowers) Miro (Berries) Puriri (flowers) Kawakawa (Fruit) Dill (Herb) Basil (Herb) Mānuka (Flowers) Harakeke (Flowers) Sage (Herb) Chives (Herb) Hebe (Flowers) Rosemary (Herb) Korokio (Fruit) Pumpkin (Vegetable) NZ iris (Fruit, seed) Pūriri (Flower, fruit) Koromiko (Flowers) Kaihua (Flowers) Taraire (Berries) Karaka (Fruit) Nīkau palm (Flowers)

Karo (Native bush) Korokio Bananas Pukanui (native) Milfoils African flag Mapou (native) Taupata (native) Lancewood (native) Ti kouka (native) Pohutakawa (native) Curly dock Buttercups Wattle bush Scrambling pohuehue (native) stinking iris Bay laurel Night shades Onion weed

ST

AVONDALE RACE COURSE

SECT 250 SO 434446

SECT 251 SO 434446

GREAT NORT

TE WHAU PATH

RAIL LINE

AVONDALE STATION RO AD

GREEN/BLUE PATHS

White faced heron Little black shag Piwakawaka (native) Leopard seal Paradise shelduck (native) Eastern rosella Common bottlenose dolphin Tui (native) Short finned eel (native) Kereru (native)

Through this analysis we are able to propose an ecological plan for the Avondale racecourse which provides food, shelter and diversity for the existing fauna, while introducing other native species that will attract Fauna which does not currently inhabit the site.

Existing Flora

Proposed Flora

LOT 2 DP 556706 324 LOT 1 DP 556706 381

600m

N

Tui (native) Piwakawaka (native) Mallard duck Song thrush Pukeko (native) Little shag Mallard duck White faced heron Eastern rosella Karoro/black backed gull (native) Long finned eel (native)

Short finned eel (native) Eastern welcome swallow Australian magpie Blackbird Little black shag Kereru Pied stilt White faced heron Eastern welcome swallow Nz kingfisher (native)

Harakeke (native) Hybrid crack willow Whau (native) Palmgrass Hebes (native) Te Motu Kairanga/ Pigeonwood (native, food for kereru) Centella Lancewood Onion weed Nahui (native) Hounds tongue fern (native) Karaka (native) Swan plant Field madder Ti kouka Pukanui (native) Poroporo (native) Parataniwha (native) Floating crystalwort Lesser celandine Totara (native) Koromiko

HangeHange (native) Karo (native) Kiokio (Native) Mamaku/blackberry Mangeao (native) Poison hemlock Hill fireweed Common vetch Lemonwood (native) Tall out grass Field woundwort Smilo grass Common waterweed Rewarewa (native) Towai/Large-leaved milk tree (native) Kiokio (natural) Kanuka (native) Wavy bittercress Katote (native) Pukanui (native) Kiekie (native) Yuccas Rasp fern North island lacebark

Sun orchards Maikaika Two seeded vetch Sheeps sorrel Isolepis levynsiana Wild gladiolus Nahui (native)

Existing Fauna Eastern rosella Hedgehog Common european starling 6m 5m 4m 3m 2m 1m Harakeke

Child

Hebe

Violets

Dill

Koromiko NZ Jasmine

Basil

Sage

Chives

Sunflower

Pumpkin

Rosemary

Kawakawa

11

WATER SENSITIVITY

HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS

.5

33.5

.5

22.5

15 .5

29

8.5

13.5

The Avondale racecourse and wider Avondale area are important ares of focus when talking about hydrology planning and water systems because these areas directly link to the Te Whau Awa; a large culturually and historically significant river which flows to the Waitemata harbour.

28

13

33.5

11 11 .5

12 12.5

16

17.5

16.5

9

16.5

16

22.5

16

17

22

7 22.5

16.5

16.5

16.5

16

16

14.5

22 23

22.5

17

27.5

29 .5

37

35 43

ROS

27.5

OAD

46.5

24

5

29.5

15 14.5

54

38

.5 11

17

15.5

51

30

53.5 54.5

.5

29.5

14

8.5

10

7.5 8

27.5

16

40

21.5

22

26

26

22.5

23

.5

27

26.5 25 .5

24.5

13.5

38

.5

23

22.5 23

15.5

22.5

.5

16

.5

32.5

.5

16.5

38 37.5

37.5

25

17

15.5

11.5

12

12.5

11

10.5

.5

16

14

16.5

5

27

16

HI-

TE A

16.5

40.

25

16 17

25

16

40

A A-R KĀ-

29.5

17

40 .5

28.5

27.5

24

13

.5 16

39.5

39

24.5

13

15.5

54

.5

16

A AUR KAT 38.5

29

16.5

12

23.5

.5

38

16

9.5

Pictured to the left is the recently completed first phase of the Te Whau pathway, an important infrastructure to connect the wider community with the whau river physically, helping to establish a sense of awareness of the river and increasing pedestrian dominant accessways through biodiversity, which ultimately enhances the wellbeing of occupants.

Focusing on this as a catalyst for the regeneration of the Avondale area, when considering design approaches which are water sensitive.

39

37.5

53

13.

16

5

52

38.5

50

50.

51.5

52.5

12

17

47 47.5

14

17

46

37

16.5

45.5

49

24

17

17

.5

38

45 .5 49

17

ND R

17 16

43 44.5

48.5

EBA

17

.5

12

27.5

17

14

.5

17.5

16.5

RIV 16.5

23.5

16

17

ER

17

29 .5

28 .5

37.5

48

17

.5

38

16.5

11

E

AL SD

17.5

25.5 26

14

9.5 10

10.5

.5

36.5

16

AD RO

33 23

23.5

16

17

23.5

.5

9

8

16.5

23 42

26.5

7

16.5

16.5

6.5

24.5

22.5 22

8.5

16.5

33.5

24

13.5

23.5

22.5

22.5

14.5

15

16.5

7.5

8

18

23

26.5

27

13

5

27.

28

17

29.5

16

13

22

18.5

51

40

40

18

.5

40

30

17

41.5

42 43

26

25.5

.5

41.5

25

37

24.5

23

.5

41

38.5

26

17

38.5 36 34

.5

33

31

14

.5

14.5

24

15

14.5

39.5

41

17

15

.5

20.5

MIXED USE ROADS

.5

29

.5

50

21

.5 16

.5

15

H AS

40

21.5

.5 15

16.5

19 .5

17

R ST

.5

16

16.5

17

20

ARTERIAL ROAD

T EE

16

.5 19

.5

12

40

25.5

.5

14

16.5

14.5

.5

16

40

40.5

26

42

AVONDALE STATION

25.5

39.5

10

11.5

10.5 11

31.5

26.5

9.5

32

13

47

14

31

26

NEW LYNN - AVONDALE

41

13.5

26

35.5

H ROAD

10.5

16.5

49

.5

23

11

22.5

22

10

22

9.5

9

8 15

7.5

6.5

RO AD

16

5.5 9

6.5

36.5

16.5

16

30

1.5

5

9

16.

29.5

9.5

29

9

8.5

16

28

14

13.5

4

57

21

15

1 0.5

21.5

11 13

3.5

6.5

57

49

.5

22 21.5

.5

11

0.5 1.5

27

21

WIN

13

22.5

.5 15

10.5

.5

12

.5

T

EE

R ST TE GA

.5

11

13

11

22

1.5

16.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

57.5

.5

9.5 0.5

1

0.5

32

30.5

33

10

.5 19

12

16

21.5

1

0.5

0.5

2.5

28.5

27.5

13.5

5

8.

0.5

1.5

8 7.5 6.5

20

.5

.5 62

63

2.5

5.5

16

6

.5

.5

60

59.5

52

64

22.5

2.5

59

8

5.5

1

4

5.5

WES T RA

6.5

.5

.5

.5

1.5

2

5 4 3

.5 18

.5

33

17

.5

54

1.5

1

1.5

13

13.5 14

14.5

13.5

7.5

.5

9 12 10.5

13

13.5

16

8

8.5

1.5

12

1.5

8.5

12

17

18

16.5

9

7.5

1

6

200m 18

0.

.5

8

10

5

11

12.5

100m

0.5

18

13

7.5

1

16.5

1

11.5

1.5

18.

.5 6

10.5

2.5 4.5 5

5.5

11

6

9.5

11

5

8.5

18 .5

10

8

10

45.5

1

18

19

12

11

13

1

22.5

22 21.5

21

20 13

19

.5 10

12.5

18

18.5 14

2

2.5

0.5

1.5

7.5

9

40

1

4

12

8.5

6.5

4.5

1

18 0.5

5.5

10.5

7.5

9

T

16.5

7.5

13

1.5

3.5

7.5

6.5

12.5

.5

66

1

7.5

8

11

7

15.5

4

10

6

12

9

20.5

NU

R TI

5.5

6

AO EW 11.5

6.5

7

3.5

6

12 6.5

7

16

7

9

IA

3

13

A IW

5

6.5

0.5

6.5

8.5

8

5.5

13

6.5 8.5

70

IL LI

18.5

19

0.5

7.5

16

8

2.5

65.5

15

11.5

12.5

13

67

.5

16

19

3.5

NE

14

11

5

67

19.5

11.5

16.5 .5

5

4

69.5

.5

1.5

HEALTHCARE

Another important thing to consider is the management of water within the site and mitigating the negative effects of contaminated water entering the already degraded Whau river, a strategy for this can be rain water collection and grey water systems on site.

72

6.

1.5

67.5

68.5

71

12

6

69

70.5

72

18.5

0.5

68

66.5

10

1

3

5.5

1

23

10

0.5

5.5 2.5

5

16

1.5

14 14.5

19.5

8.5

12

2

7.5 8

4

PUBLIC BUILDING

.5

66 65.5

13

7

5

6

GR

4.5

64

.5

15

13.5

.5

11

1

34.5

65

3.5

5.5

TN EA

5

6.5

.5

34

15

3

6.5

57.5

14

3.5 5

6 0.5

7

7

55 53.5

57

5

21

56

.5

16

6.5

6

5.5

0.5

AD RO

58

11

.5

9.5

21

TH OR

10.5

14

17

3.5

5

53

4.5

55

9

7

2.5

54

1.5

23.5

2

12.5

7.5

4.5

.5

10.5

5

58

24.5

13.5

.5 52

5.5

25

5

5

4

54.5

16

4.5

4.5

12

65.5

.5

5.5

0.5

65

15

5

Considering the area has a moderate level of flood prone areas, the proposed buildings should be designed in a way that allows for the natural rise in water to occur, without causing damage to the buildings, this can be achieved through strategies such as elevating buildings off of the ground, to allow the water to pass through or vegetation and wetland schemes which absorb excess water.

For a roof size of 1000Sqm in Auckland the potential monthly rainwater collection is 100917Ltrs. The average water usage per person in Auckland is 140-170Ltrs per day or roughly 4650Ltrs per month, meaning that rainwater could service 21 people without the use of grey water systems for showering, dishwashers, washing machines and basins which would dramatically decrease the water usage.

44.5

26

22

51.5

14.5

2

5

16.5

N

36.5 36.5

63.5

3

5

18

5.

2

SITE

36.5 37

61

60.5

51

0.5

0.5

COMMUNITY BUSINESSES

37

35.5

15

1.5

EDUCATION FACILITIES

62.5

26.5

16

18.5

19

.5

4

50

20.5

.5

16

12

13

47 36

2.5

10

36

.5

20.5

15.5

BLOCK HOUSE ROAD

21

7.5

36 22

21.5

16

22.5

12.5

5.5

6.5

11 10.5

3

36

17

20.5

0.5

1.5

.5

12

8.5

11.5

ORT AGE )

0.5

AVONDALE MARKET

36.5

36

3.5

PUBLIC PARKS

36

16

8.5

7.5 6.5

5

0.5

0.5

I (P

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

35.5

35

5.5

1.5

1

1

NG

15.5

7.5 1.5

1.5

3

35.5

34.5

35.5 8.5 8

1.5

1.5

BLUE/GREEN ZONE

34.5

.5 36 .5 37

38

35

1

1

0.5

5

16

2.5 2

1

BUS ROUTE

10.5

3.5

16

0.5

35.

36.5

4

HU RA

0.5

1.5

5.5

Existing blue infrastructure, Te Whau pathwayway, Avondale (Auckland Council, 2020).

42.5

35.5

11

9.5

BUS STOP

WA ITA

11

37

35.5

37.5

TE

5

.5

7

6.5

6

7.5

16

7

.5

35

41

RAIL LINE

49.5

1

38

36

36

.5

34

36.5

17

39

.5

35.5

35.5

SIGNIFICANT VIEWS

15.5

15

5

14.

12

.5

35

JU

11.5

14

36.5

GREAT NORT

.5

ST

13.5

AVONDALE RACE COURSE

15

.5

14

.5

.5

37

11 16

12

35.5

38

.5

16

TE WHAU PATH

41.5

33.5

32

37.5

.5 10

16

9.5

26

16

26

.5

11

DE S

GREEN/BLUE PATHS

300m

400m 33

500m

600m

17.5 16 16

Overland flow paths 100ha and above

Open watercourse

Stormwater catchments

Overland flow paths 3ha to 100ha

Whau Te Awa water catchment

Site contour lines

49.5

Flood prone areas

Representing 1 day, average monthly rain days (0.1mm rain day) Representing 1 day, average monthly rain days (<1mm wetday) Average Rainfall, Avondale (NIWA, 2022).

13

GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS 33.5

22.5

22.5

15 .5

22.5

23.5

24

33.5

22.5

25.5

33 23

23.5 .5

38

37.5

23.5

16 .5

29

23.5

.5

.5

27.5

.5

28

16

.5

23 42

OAD

36.5

10.5

29

26

26.5

7

24.5

9

ND R

9.5 10

22.5 22

6.5

17

EBA

14

22.5

22.5

13.5

16.

5

23

ROS

8

8.5

8

22

7.5

16.5

14.5

16

17

.5

22

7

16.5

.5

29

33.5

5

37

16.5

35

17

17.5

43

.5 11

17

.5

43

48

17

12

48.5

17.5

49

27.5

46 46.5

47 47.5

17

27.5

16.5

17

17

29.5

15

30

12

5 14.

54

17

HI-

53.5

54.5

TE A

.5

29.5 28.5

27.5

24

13

.5 16

39.5

39

24.5

13

15.5

29

16.5

12

23.5

.5

38

38.5 54

.5

16

40

25

27

17

25

5

38 37.5

40.

16

16

14

8.5

10

7.5 8

.5

.5

32.5

.5

5

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Given this information we conclude that the buildings that are to be proposed on theBUS AvonROUTE dale racecourse site, must have thoroughly considered foundations, to avoid soil erosion BLUE/GREEN ZONE damage. The proposed buildings must also alPARKS low for wet soil conditions and potentialPUBLIC overflow of water beyond ground level.

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This research can be ‘ground truthed’ when conTE WHAU PATH soidering that the proposed site was a wetland VIEWS before being developed as a racecourse,SIGNIFICANT and we know that the site borders the Te Whau Awa RAIL LINE which has wetlands situated along its banks.

This reaffirms the need for further development of the area to carefully consider water systems that re-use grey water and black water, while allowing for excess water to move naturally through soil and vegetation to purify before being released to the Te Whau Awa.

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Hydric soils are often the result of poor drainage and permeability, resulting in saturation for ARTERIAL ROAD prolonged periods of time. Because of the soils wet properties, they are often referred toMIXED as wetUSE ROADS land soils, because of their ability and tendancy GREEN/BLUE PATHS to support ecological wetland plant species.

(Scott, F, 2018)

Due to the large areas of impervious surfaces surrounding the Avondale racecourse and the slope of the topography downward toward the Te Whau Awa, run off of contaminated water enters the river, polluting the water and having negative effects on local ecosystems.

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The soil of the site and surounding areas are hydric soils, hydric soils are soils which are formed in areas exposed to flooding, saturation and ponding for long enough that the upper 30cm of soil develops low oxygen levels, these soils are often found near bodies of water (Te Whau Awa).

(Scott, F, 2018)

200m

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WES T RA

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Figure 1 demonstrates a 15 - 20 minute walking radius, which articulates 400 meters in a radial condition. That being said this data is only indicitive and generalises excluding those with disabilities (The University of British Columbia, 2020).

400m

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PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROUTES

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Avondale has a fragmented acessibility and circulation network, which is governed by large arterial roads and car centric neighbourhood roads.

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WES T RA

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EDUCATION FACILITIES

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COMMUNITY BUSINESSES

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GREAT NORT

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AVONDALE STATION

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MIXED USE ROADS

GREEN/BLUE PATHS

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ARTERIAL ROAD

WES T RA

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ARTERIAL ROAD

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25.5m

SUMMARY

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WA ITA

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BUS ROUTE NG

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I (P

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PUBLIC PARKS

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WIN

AVONDALE MARKET

AVONDALE MARKET

T

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TE GA

WIN

EDUCATION FACILITIES

EDUCATION FACILITIES

COMMUNITY BUSINESSES

TH OR

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PUBLIC BUILDING

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SITE

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BLOCK HOUSE ROAD

SIGNIFICANT VIEWS

ST

NEW LYNN - AVONDALE

SUMMER SOLTICE

GREAT NORT

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TE WHAU PATH

H ROAD

NEW LYNN - AVONDALE

GREEN/BLUE PATHS

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BLUE/GREEN ZONE

Wider ecological considerations have developed from this report including addressing issues related to transportation, urban connectivity, and ecological restoration. Avondale faces issues like many other dense suburban areas, simply our neighborhoods were designed for motor vehicles and our infrastructure has not been renewed since the industrial revolution. Although the City Rail Link, Avondale to New Lynn shared path and Te Whau path all begin to address the issues of environmentally friendly and pedestrian centric connectedness, Avondale remains

AD RO

IL LI

This environmental analysis has informed a sensitive design approach to the environment going forward. The intension is to listen to environment and respond with decisions that holistically benefit people, place, the natural world, economics, and accessibility. This isn’t business as usual.

UTES WALKING 15 MIN

WES T RA

Geotechnically speaking the site’s ground conditions are poor. The ground consists of flood prone soils with multiple flood plains running through various areas on the site. A response to this condition will be to avoid building on marshy areas by creating blue/green infrastructures, as well as designing deep piles and foundation systems, which support buildings structurally.

Ecologically Avondale is also fragmented and, in some cases, neglected. Zones for biodiversity exist but have little to no network in between the urban sprawl. In this report an ecological analysis outlines the potential ecological restoration, this has now become a critical element of environmental analysis in relation to health and wellbeing of everything physical.

H ROAD

When studying solar geometry, air conditions, wind direction and speed it became evident that solar power generation using photovoltaic panels was a key move. The potential of solar harvesting has now become a key design consideration for this site with many if not all proposed interventions benefiting from solar energy. Solar energy requires sun, which means the relationships between buildings must encourage equitable access to sunlight and sunlight hours.

In relation to shade cast by other buildings the height and form of buildings will make a considerable difference on passive solar design conditions.

governed narrow footpaths and major arterial roads. Urban design will play a crucial role relationality of a new typology for Avondale.

This responsiveness to the urban can be firstly carried out on the Avondale Racecourse site as a catalyst for change.

GREAT NORT

This report has enabled a simplification of a complex environmental analysis on a large suburban greenfield development in Avondale, Auckland. The analysis has opened multiple conceptual exploration opportunities which relate to environmental conditions and restraints on and surrounding the Avondale Racecourse site. While producing this report, it quickly became evident that there were critical considerations to study which helped inform a holistic understanding of the environment and how a building or introduced infrastructure may place on the site.

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references Auckland Council. (2020). Existing blue infrastructure, Te Whau pathway, Avondale. https://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/news/2015/10/stage-one-of-te-whaupathway-complete/ Auckland council. (2021). GeoMaps mapping service. https://geomapspublic.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/viewer/index.html Auckland Transport. (2017). Te Whau Pathway Context + Analysis Public Consultation Draft.

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Air pollutants . https://www.cdc.gov/air/pollutants.htm Chappel, P. R. (2020). The Climate and Weather of Auckland . https://niwa.co.nz/static/Auckland%20ClimateWEB.pdf iNaturalist. (2022). https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=36.85908525792006&nelng=174.7080387043 49&place_id=any&subview=map&swlat=36.91146205981581&swlng=174.6568131400571

This isn’t business as usual.

NIWA. (2022b). Solar View . https://niwa.co.nz/our-services/online-services/solarview Teara. (n.d.). Rose Wind Tool . Retrieved April 6, 2022, from (https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/28809/wind-roses) The University of British Columbia. (2020). Five minute walking distance. 1–8. http://www.urbanstudio.sala.ubc.ca/urbanstudio%202008/student%20materials/Chap ter%204%20Draft%20Aug%208.pdf World weather online. (2022). Avondale Climate Weather Averages.https://www.worldweatheronline.com/' title='Historical average weather'>Dataprovided by WorldWeatherOnline.com</a> Walrond, C. (2022. Nelson region - Climate and environment', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/interactive/28809/wind-roses Weather Spark. (2021). Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Auckland. https://weatherspark.com/y/144891/Average-Weather-in-Auckland-New-ZealandYear-Round

Reinhart, C., Arsano, A. (2022). Climaplus outdoor climate. http://climaplusbeta.com/OUTDOOR SunCalc. (2022). Computation path of the sun. https://www.suncalc.org/#/36.8982,174.6916,14/2022.04.08/14:37/1/3 Singers, N., Osborne, B., Lovegrove, T., Jamieson, A., Boow, J.,Sawyer, J., Hill, K.,Andrews, J., Hill, S., Webb, C. (2017). Indigenous terrestrial and wetland ecosystems of Auckland. https://knowledgeauckland.org.nz/media/1399/indigenous-terrestrial-and-wetlandecosystems-of-auckland-web-print-mar-2017.pdf Levels. (2020). Photovoltaic Systems . https://www.level.org.nz/energy/renewable-electricitygeneration/photovoltaic-pv-systems/ NIWA. (2022a). Average Rainfall Data. https://niwa.co.nz/static/Auckland%20ClimateWEB.pdf

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