BS&R - Report

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES)

ARCH 3260 BUILDING STUDY & REPORT

Factory in the Earth, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia Prepared by: ID NUMBER - NAME - EXAM ID 193921447 - TESARINA KATHRINE GOMME - 55056 193921463 - WIDYA PURNAMA ARYANANDA TIOPUTRI - 6323A 203922351 - NAZAN ABDUL AZEEZ - 5123Z 192021283 - HABIBI BIN MOESTAFA 193921500 - AISHATH MAANIAA 193921515 - NASHEED AHMAD SOOBRATTY - 1523D Lecturer: IDRIS TAIB

Table of Contents Acknowledgement List of Figures 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….pg. 2 1.1. Overview 1.2. Brief Description of The Case Study Building 1.3. Methodology & Limit of Study 1.4. Summary

2. SITE STUDY…………………….……………...………………………………….pg. 5 2.1. Overview 2.2. Location 2.3. Site Context, Landscape & Surroundings 2.4. UBBL Analysis; Firemen Access & Fire Hydrant 2.5. Summary

3. ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS ……………...………………………………….pg.13 3.1. Overview 3.2. Literature Review 3.3. Design Analysis 3.3.1. Form & Function 3.3.2. Space & Circulation 3.3.3. UBBL Analysis; Fire Regulation & Passive Containment 3.3.4. UBBL Analysis; Means of Escape, Horizontal & Vertical Circulation Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

3.4. Environmental Study & Sustainable Design 3.4.1. Climatic Consideration 3.4.2. Design of Space, Light & Ventilation 3.4.3. Sustainable Design: Passive Design Solution & Selection of Materials 3.4.4. UBBL Analysis; Light & Ventilation 3.5. Findings and Recommendation

4. THE BUILDING SYSTEM…………………...………………………………….pg.22 4.1. Overview 4.2. Literature Review 4.3. Building Structure System 4.4. Construction Methods 4.5. Building Materials 4.5.1. Type of Material for Construction 4.5.2. Wall and Roof System 4.5.3. Selection of Interior Materials 4.6. Mechanical & Electrical Services; 4.6.1. M&E System & UBBL Active Intervention System 4.6.2. Telecommunication System; 4.6.3. HVAC / BAS (if applicable) 4.7. Water Supply & UBBL Active Intervention System 4.8. Sewerage Systems 4.9. Finding and Recommendation

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

5. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS…………………...………………………………….pg. 35 5.1. Analysis of Building Design, Construction & Services 5.2. Analysis of Building Performance 5.3. Compliance of UBBL and Critical Assessment 5.4. Finding and Recommendation

6. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION……………….……………………….pg.45

References Appendices i.

Appendix A – Correspondences

ii.

Appendix B – Copy of Technical / Working Drawings (if applicable)

iii.

Appendix C – Transcripts, Field Notes & Sketches

iv.

Appendix D - <state your work, other related research, etc>

Compact Disk contains softcopy of drawings, photographs & report is attached at the back of this report.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Acknowledgement To begin, we want to express our appreciation to the Almighty for guiding and patiently leading us during this process. To express our gratitude to all members of Group B, we would like to thank everyone who contributed to the assignment's successful completion and timely completion of all assigned responsibilities. We would like to convey our heartfelt gratitude to our tutor, Hj. Md. Pilus Bin Hj. Md. Noor, for his expertise, invaluable and practical additional assistance, enlightening responses and comments, and for motivating us to delve deeper into our research study and give a more insightful analysis. Additionally, we would like to express our deep appreciation to our Lecturer, Ts. Idris Taib, for incorporating everything into our project ideas, as well as for the insightful views he imparted throughout the lecture and notes he presented to us. We would not have been able to accomplish all of our objectives without those insights and specifics. Finally, we would like to extend our appreciation to several additional individuals, including colleagues, family members, and friends, for their assistance and support. They have always encouraged us in the face of adversity and continue to do so

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

List of Figures Topic 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1:

Factory in the Earth …………...……………………………… Pg 2

1.2:

Factory in the Earth Side View …………...…………………… Pg 4

Topic 2: SITE STUDY 2.1:

Key Plan …………...…………………………………..……… Pg 5

2.2:

Location Plan …………...……………………………..……… Pg 5

2.3:

Site Plan ………….……...……………………………..……… Pg 6

2.4:

Sun Path ………….……...……………………………..……… Pg 7

2.5:

Sun Orientation ….……...……………….……………..……… Pg 7

2.6:

Access Routes ….……...……………….……………..…..…… Pg 7

2.7:

Existing Building ….……...……………….……………..…… Pg 7

2.8:

Topography ….……...……………….……………..………..… Pg 8

2.9:

Flooded Area ….……...……………….……………..…...…… Pg 8

2.10: Spiny Black Olive Tree ….……...……………………..……… Pg 9 2.11:

Tamalan Tree ….……...……………….……………...……… Pg 9

2.12: Batai Laut Tree ….……...……………….…………….……… Pg 9 2.13: Tecoma Tree ….……...……………….……………..…..…… Pg 9 2.14: Semarak Api Tree ….……...……………….………………… Pg 9 2.15: Merawan Siput Jantan Tree ….………….……………..…..… Pg 9 2.16:

Street Light Post ….……...……………….…….…………… Pg 9

2.17:

Steel Fence ….……...……………….……………..…..…… Pg 9

2.18: Existing J.S.T. Building ….……...…….…….……..…..…… Pg 9 Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

2.19: Paving Bricks ….……...……………….…………..…..…… Pg 10 2.20: Divider ….……...……………….…………….....…..…..… Pg 10 2.21: Pedestrian Walkway ….……………….………….…..…..… Pg 10 2.22: Signboards ….……...……...………….…………..…..…… Pg 10 2.23: Water Pipeline ….………………….….………….…..…..… Pg 10 2.24: Distribution Box ….…………..……….………….…..…..… Pg 10 2.25: Rainfall 2020 Chart …………..……….………….…..…..… Pg 11 2.26: Humidity 2020 Chart …………..……….………….….....… Pg 11 2.27: Temperature 2020 Chart ………..……….………….….....… Pg 11 Topic 3: ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS 3.1:

Rendered Details of Factory in the Earth …….…….….....… Pg 14

3.2:

Interior Floor Plan ……………...……….………….….....… Pg 15

3.3:

3D Model and Plan showing Building Core ……….….....… Pg 16

3.4:

Emergency Evacuation Plan………………….…….….....… Pg 17

3.5:

Arabesque Patterns……….……………………………....… Pg 18

3.6:

Green facade view from inside ……….….....……………… Pg 19

3.7:

Green facade view from outside …………………...….....… Pg 19

Topic 4: THE BUILDING SYSTEM 4.1:

Columns in the building …………………….…….….....… Pg 25

4.2:

Pile Foundation ……….………………………....……....… Pg 25

4.3:

Column Formwork ……….…………..………………....… Pg 26

4.4:

Floor Formwork ……….……..……………………….....… Pg 26

4.5:

Process of concrete casting ……….….……………….....… Pg 26

4.6:

Casted concrete ………...………………………………..… Pg 26

4.7:

In-situ construction …….……………………………......… Pg 27

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

4.8:

Formwork construction ………..………………………...… Pg 27

4.9:

Reinforced concrete ……….…………………………....… Pg 28

4.10: Steel frame connections ……….….………………….....… Pg 28 4.11:

Curtain wall section ……….…………………………....… Pg 29

4.12: Green roof layers ……….…………….………………....… Pg 29 4.13: Green roof in Factory in the Earth ….……..…………....… Pg 29 4.14: Section of vertical green wall ……….….……………....… Pg 30 4.15: Vertical green wall in Factory in the Earth .………….....… Pg 30 4.16: Brick wall ……….…………………….…….………....… Pg 30 4.17: Timber floor ……….…………….………….………....…. Pg 30 4.18: Seamless floor ……….………..…………….………....…. Pg 31 4.19: Ceramic floor tile ……….………..……………….….....… Pg 31 4.20: Machine Roomless elevator ……..……………….……..… Pg 32 4.21: Section showing the elevator ……..……………….......… Pg 32 4.22: Telecommunication system ……..……………….….....… Pg 32 4.23: Chiller diagram ……..………………..………….….....… Pg 33 4.24: Chiller unit in the building …………..………….……..… Pg 33 4.25: Rainwater stored underground ...……..………….…......… Pg 33 4.26: Illustration of rainwater harvesting utilization for sanitary.. Pg 34 4.27:

The process of water reuse …...……..……….….…......… Pg 34

Topic 5: INTEGRATED ANALYSIS 5.1:

Illustration of the Factory in the Earth ..………….…......… Pg 35

5.2:

Typical Section of Reclamation Land ..……….….…......… Pg 36

5.3:

Illustration of the Pile Foundation ..…………..….…......… Pg 36

5.4:

Illustration of Aerial View to Factory in the Earth …......… Pg 37

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

5.5:

Cross-Section Factory in the Earth ..…….……….…......… Pg 37

5.6:

Tower Orientation Illustration ..………………...…........… Pg 37

5.7:

Tower Open Floor Illustration ..………………...…........… Pg 37

5.8:

Tower Open Floor Plan …...……..……….…......…......… Pg 37

5.9:

Typical of Energy Hierarchy ..………….……... ..…......… Pg 40

5.10: Use of Water Efficiency ......……..……….…....….........… Pg 41

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1.

Overview In the building study report course, we were required to do a comprehensive study in design and aspects of the Factory in the Earth Johor, Malaysia. This report covers all the studies conducted on the building to meet the course requirement.

Client:

Japan Solderless Terminal Connectors (Malaysia) SDN BHD

Product Manufactured:

Electrical & Electronic Equipment.

Architects:

Ryuichi Ashizawa Architect & Associates

Location:

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Site Area:

46,489㎡

Building Footprint Area:

15,232㎡

Landscape Area:

27,143㎡

Roof Top Green Area:

14,891㎡

Total Floor Area:

25,141㎡

Design Period:

12.2010 - 12.2011

Construction Period:

12.2011 - 05.2013

Project year:

2013

Fig 1.1: Factory in the Earth Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 2 of 45

1.2.

Description The project is designed by Ryuichi Ashizawa Architect and Associates. The factory is an extension of an existing factory, reclaiming ground adjacent to the jungle in Johor, Malaysia.

The 19th century factory prioritized rationality and productivity, so they hope to surpass factory type by combining some elements that will make Islamic workers proud of the new work environment they will face. They also hope to use the power of nature, such as rain, sunlight, wind, geothermal energy and vegetation, to minimize harmful low carbon emissions to the environment, so that this building becomes a sustainable factory. The plan aims to create a large green roof that extends from floor to floor to cover lower functions and spaces

1.3.

Methodology and Limit of Study The methodology applies in this research is just online research since we cannot visit the site due to the pandemic of covid 19, so as to collect the information about the special features of the building we had collected information from the internet and by contacting the architect.The information we found online were then analysed and discussed in three seminars with our lecturers.The information we got online and by contacting the architect was very limited so we had to to a lot of analysis on our own.

1.4.

Summary The architect's philosophy and his architectural branding has transformed an industrial factory building to be visually green and innovative compared to the buildings of the same category. In terms of building performance on its own, the Factory allows the

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 3 of 45

building to function to a green and comfortable location, even with a surrounding.

Forest located on the site, it elevates the idea of a green building and creates an air of tranquilly. In regards to the design and the in depth study we have done on the building we have found that this building has the efficiency to save more energy used by allowing the designer to think beforehand. All constraints that were found on site prior to construction stage were analysed and calculated with bim software to evaluate their performance Integrity as well as to possibly solve the constraint by the use of intelligent methods. This was to reduceThe uses of artificial energy in the building.

The concept of the tower was to create comfort for the user using this workspace to not feel overwhelmed with work and to also benefit from a panoramic view. The idea of an eco friendly environment is to make sure that the building will not produce any pollution that can damage the environment, for example use recyclable material, thus it will not increase the amount of the waste.to conclude, it proves that sustainable building is not only residential and commercial buildings, we can see that even in industrial buildings the same concept can be achieved.

Fig 1.2: Factory in the Earth Side View

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 4 of 45

2. SITE STUDY

2.1.

Overview Site study is about the relationship between the site with the surrounding and response from the site area. The data collection from the study contains the climatic, geographical, and infrastructural context of a specific site. The building is located in the J.S.T. Connectors factory Tanjung Pelepas, Johor Bahru. This building is a part of an extension from the existing factory. This building is surrounded by another factory which is Nippon Express Sdn. Bhd. And JB Cocoa Sdn. Bhd.

2.2.

Location

Fig 2.1: Key Plan

Fig 2.2: Location Plan

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 5 of 45

Fig 2.3: Site Plan

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 6 of 45

2.3.

Site Context, Landscape & Surroundings 2.3.1. Sun Path

Fig 2.5: Sun Orientation

Fig 2.4: Sun Path

2.3.2. Access Routes The only existing access route is known as Jalan Tanjung A/5. This road is linked to the J.S.T. Connectors and factories around it because the location is surrounded by industrial Fig 2.6: Access Routes

buildings.

2.3.3. Existing Building

The

existing

J.S.T.

Connectors

building before Factory in the Earth projects.

Fig 2.7: Existing Building

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 7 of 45

2.3.4. Topography

This map shows the topography Tanjung

around Pelepas,

Johor Bahru.

Fig 2.8: Topography

2.3.5. Flooded Area

The site location is very close to the Perpal river that can cause floods around

1m

to

3m

height from the river water level.

Fig 2.9: Flooded Area

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 8 of 45

2.3.6. Vegetation

Fig 2.10: Spiny Black olive Tree

Fig 2.13:

Tecoma Tree

Fig 2.11: Tamalan Tree

Fig 2.14: Semarak Api Tree

Fig 2.12: Batai Laut Tree

Fig 2.15: Merawan Siput Jantan Tree

2.3.7. Man Made Features

Fig 2.16: Street Light Post

Fig 2.17:

Steel Fence

Fig 2.18: Existing J.S.T. Building

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 9 of 45

Fig 2.19: Paving Bricks

Fig 2.20: Divider

Fig 2.21: Pedestrian Walkway

Fig 2.22: Signboards

Fig 2.23: Water Pipeline

Fig 2.24: Distribution Box

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 10 of 45

2.3.8. Rainfall

The wettest month (with the highest rainfall) is December (244.5mm). The driest month (with the least rainfall) is February (139.8mm).

Fig 2.25: Rainfall 2020 Chart

2.3.9. Humidity The annual relative humidity value ranges within 50% to 60%. Malaysia has a complete, clear sky in the day for the whole year, ranging from 3.7 hours to Fig 2.26: Humidity 2020 Chart

8.7 hours per day.

2.3.10. Temperature The warmest month (with the highest average high temperature) is April (32.8°C).

The month with the lowest average high temperature is December (30.6°C). The month

with

the

highest

average low

temperature is May (23.1°C). The coldest Fig 2.27: Temperature Chart

month

(with

the

lowest average

low

temperature) is January (21.9°C).

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 11 of 45

2.4.UBBL Analysis; Firemen Access & Fire Hydrant 2.4.1. Fire Hose Wheel; UBBL 225 - 253 Depending on the location, and in accordance with the by laws a restriction of the hose shall be 36m in length a controlled nozzle can be attached to the end of the hose with class a recommendation 2.4.2. Fire Alarm System; UBBL 237 In terms of location it is prompt to reduce the risk of having a first warning in case of a fire. Accompanied with a smoke, heat and water detector.

2.4.3. Fire Hydrant; UBBL 225 Given the site location it would be best to located the hydrant on the main side of the service road & not more that 91.5m away building for better access for the fire department For the factory the 2 outlets that has a pressure of 250 t0 300 gpm is recommended

2.5.Summary Factory in The Earth is an extension from the existing factory ( J.S.T. Connectors) that are located in Tanjung Pelepas, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The purpose of the design is to create a large green roof factory that runs parallel to the ground and covers the lower functions and spaces. In addition to the environmental approach to the site and existing flora and fauna, the building integrates with the surrounding environment by effectively utilizing natural elements such as wind and geothermal energy, sunlight, rain water as well as vegetation.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 12 of 45

3.

3.1.

ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS

Overview The form of the building comes in the shape of an elliptical multistorey building on top of a rectangular structure, which compliments the rectangular site. The auditorium also takes an elliptical shape, and these forms identify the significant areas of the building. The rectangular shaped factory area accompanies the multi storey tower and the auditorium also have curved areas, and the green roof starts from the ground level and rises to the top, blending the environment with the building.

3.2.

Design Analysis 3.2.1. Form and Function According to L. Martin, L. March, 1972,optimum land-use can be linked to quantifiable parameters, such as the built potential (ratio of the floor area of the superstructure to the area of site) and the daylight availability. To reach the desired sustainability potential of the rectangular site, the architects carefully divided the site into green areas, parking areas and floor areas so that the building spaces would not be deprived of daylight or ventilation.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 13 of 45

The glass curtain wall fully covers the whole exterior of the building, so that light is able to enter from all directions. This also promotes the view of the outside of the building. To minimize the glare, the elliptical multi storey building is oriented in the east-west direction, with the wider areas of the curvature facing north and south.

Fig 3.1: Rendered Details of Factory in the Earth

The rectangular form of the building helps with cross ventilation, as the wider sides face the prevailing wind direction, and this is a well thought passive design to make the building more sustainable. The multistorey elliptical tower promotes stack ventilation, as warmer air rises through the height of the building, and is replaced by cooler air from outside.

The multi storey tower also has a spiral walkway across the perimeter of the building to give further depth and aesthetic to the elliptical design, and is accessible for workers for jogging and viewing the surrounding area. This also functions as an emergency fire escape

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 14 of 45

3.2.2. Space and Circulation According to Jiang & Liu, 2010, building circulation is a key organizing mechanism of layout and communication space as it connects exterior and interior areas and reflects the overall spatial organization of the building. The circulation system is often referred to as a “skeleton” that forms the supporting structure of the building.

The building office is designed to an open plan system, with an elliptical building core at the centre, and the work areas around it. The core of the building consists of the less frequently visited areas, such as the stairs, toilets and storage. The stairways and elevators provide vertical circulation. The factory area, as almost all factories do, also has an open plan, which is useful as there would be fewer obstructions in case of an emergency evacuation.

LEGEND 1 - BRAZING SHOP 2 - BRAZING SHOP OFFICE 3 - S.T.PRESS SHOP 4 - MALE LOCKER ROOM 5 - FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 6 - SHOES LOCKER 7 - WORKER ENTRANCE 8 - ONE OFF PRESS ROOM 9 - CUTTING ROOM 10 - SELECTION AREA 11 - S.T.WAREHOUSE 12 - S.T.WAREHOUSE OFFICE 13 - S.T.PACKING 14 - CENTRAL COURT 15 - MEETING ROOM 16 - UNLOADING AREA 17 - WAREHOUSE 18 - WAREHOUSE OFFICE 19 - LOADING PLATFORM

Fig 3.2: Interior Floor Plan

The office and factory area are designed to an open plan mainly to make the spaces more flexible and to make it more energy efficient, as light sources, air conditioners, wi-fi, etc. can be shared throughout the same floor. An open plan also gives the users

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 15 of 45

a more spacious feel, as there would be fewer walls and doors to hinder circulation or block the view. Other advantages of an open plan include improved communication, better employee collaboration, increased creativity and an overall a better and more productive environment for the employees. However, there are some drawbacks to the open plan, as they tend to be noisier and more expensive to heat or cool.

The employees have a very free circulation throughout the site, as there are pathways and stairs leading to the green roof, and is accessible for jogging, exercise, resting, etc. Vehicle circulation is also made easier with an abundance of parking spaces and wider roads around the site to accompany the delivery trucks and other heavy vehicles of the factory. The site has two entrances, the main entrance for regular vehicles and a service entrance for heavy vehicles.

3.2.3. UBBL Analysis: Fire Regulation and Passive Containment Based on the by-laws; UBBL 134 to 138, 140 to 140, 150 to 164, the requirements under this law suggest that buildings can be segregated into small rooms to stop the spread of fire during a fire break out. This is achieved by the elliptical building core in the multi storey building, which is made up of thick load bearing walls, and is able to withstand a fire for a long period of time without crumbling down. The building core also includes the staircases so that the people inside can evacuate safely. The figure below shows the building evacuation plan and the building core.

Fig 3.3: 3D Model and Plan showing Building Core

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 16 of 45

3.2.4. UBBL Analysis: Means of Escape, Horizontal and Vertical Circulation The stairways inside the building core provides the vertical circulation, along with the spiral walkway along the perimeter of the building. The spaces in the factory area are equipped with fire extinguishers, hose reels and alarms, with neon signs and arrows to guide people to the emergency exits and assembly points. The exit doors are openable from the inside without a key or special effort, as per UBBL Section 173. The separate emergency staircase on the upper floors are located less than 5m apart, as per UBBL Sections 124-165.

Fig 3.4: Emergency Evacuation Plan

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 17 of 45

3.3.

Environmental Study and Sustainable Design 3.3.1. Climate Consideration Because the earth is located in Malaysia with a hot-humid climate, it is facing 2 problems concerning the thermal comfort: 1) high temperature 2) high humidity. The factory is near with the river and the wind is stronger, thus we can use it as natural ventilation. The exchange of air can decrease the building’s temperature and reduce the level of humidity. The building orientation also avoid the direct sunlight, which means reduce the heat gain.

3.3.2. Design of Space, Light and Ventilation The open plan architecture of the building provides a sense of spacious satisfaction for employees as open floor plans tend to feel less claustrophobic. It also helps in reducing obstructions from outside scenery and helps to improve the mental condition of the employees which will increase the productivity of work.

To reduce artificial light as much as possible, the factory is designed to reflect the light that comes from above. Guided by computer simulations, it Is possible to predict the amount of sky light reflected and diffused by a reflection panel that shares its shape with the arabesque patterns.

Fig 3.5: Arabesque Patterns

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 18 of 45

The arabesque patterns have a reflective layer inside, because of the skylight located on the green roof.the outer surface is colored to match the interior. The ceilings of the building have light colors to better reflect the light throughout the building.

This factory have glass facade with the purpose is to get the natural lighting. The higher the natural lighting is transmitted, the least the artificial light is used so that it will save more energy. The architect also aims to avoid any discomfort because of the glare with adjust the building orientation, so that the building will not get direct sunlight and get the light from reflection. Apart from the glass facade, this factory also have green facade with function as shading device to prevent glare.

Fig 3.6: Green facade view from inside

Fig 3.7: Green facade view from outside

The factory is located in the jungle, thus it’s still not polluted from any pollutant, so that the air quality of this factory is still good and clean. Natural ventilation is carried out through the main tower to the lower spaces by temperature. Pressure gradients, allowing continuous airflow that improves the interior thermal condition.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 19 of 45

3.3.3. Sustainable Design: Materials They used materials which are locally available like concrete,glass, steel and timber.

Concrete - Cement concrete has a low production cost when compared to engineered cementitious materials used in building. When compared to steel, polymers, and other construction materials, it is both inexpensive and abundantly available. Cement, water, and aggregates are the main components of concrete. All of these are inexpensively available in local marketplaces.

Glass – the glass façade ensures natural lighting into the building. Which will reduce the use of electricity as less artificial light will be used. To prevent the glare they use vines as a shading device since the vine will reduce heat radiation.Glass is an efficient material since the production of glass does not cause any pollution because glass is made from silica which is a natural raw material of sand.

3.3.4. UBBL Analysis: Light And Ventilation The building is oriented in the east-west axis. This minimises the surface area of the exterior being exposed to direct sunlight, Prevents the building from heating up during the hottest hours of the day .Apart from that, it also creates shading from the north and south.

The tower exterior is fully covered in double glazing glass panels as part of the modern design, This lets in sunlight from all directions, reducing the need for artificial lighting.The uv protective layer in the glazing prevents the harmful rays of the sun into the building, the low u-value and insulating layer between the two glazing prevents too much heat from passing through.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 20 of 45

3.4.

Findings And Recommendations The building has utilised the site, form and use of spaces to reach a very remarkable level of sustainability, and this would later prove beneficial in terms of cutting down expenses and reducing the negative impact on the environment. The building orientation and fully covering the exterior with glass improves lighting efficiency, and the usage of both cross and stack ventilation improves cooling efficiency.

The open plan design may be more vulnerable in case of a fire, as there would be fewer walls or other obstacles to prevent the fire from spreading quickly to the whole area. However, well planned fire drills and efficient fire safety regulations would be able to prevent such an incident from occurring.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 21 of 45

4.

THE BUILDING SYSTEM

4.1. Overview Factory in the Earth is an eco-friendly building. The concept is to bring the outside to the inside of the building with the purpose is to create the connection between the building and the landscape. As Factory in the Earth use green energy to combat pollution,thus a different type of building system is required.

4.2.

Literature Review (Widya) Building systems are the important systems of the building facility, like the Electrical, HVAC, Safety, Lighting, Utilities, and Energy Management. These systems depend upon one another to work properly. Below are the basics of building systems engineering

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 22 of 45

4.2.1. Civil Civil engineering associated with building systems primarily deals with the routing of site utilities, like the piping of stormwater and retention, sanitary, and natural gas. The civil engineers work closely with landscape architecture to enhance the environment of a facility and to supply the infrastructure to support the building.

4.2.2. Electrical Electrical engineering includes the lights, fire alarm system as life safety system, and power distribution.

4.2.3. Energy Energy engineering is related to energy efficiency such as using solar panels. Energy engineering is very important because it also reduces utility costs and is environmentally friendly.

4.2.4. Mechanical Mechanical engineering deals with HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. If you don’t have good ventilation, carbon dioxide and different harmful chemical matter levels will get too high and cause unhealthiness.

The State Board of Health will fine a building owner for not providing correct ventilation.

4.2.5. Plumbing Plumbing engineering deals with the storm piping system, water heating systems, fire protection and sprinkler system. It is not only for toilets and sinks. Basically, plumbing engineers work closely with mechanical and civil engineers.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 23 of 45

4.2.6. Structural Structural engineering is related to building structures such as trusses, columns, footers, and beams with the aim to ensure that the building is stable. Apart from that, structural engineering also emphasizes more on the building route where the structural engineers have to figure out the pathways of the building systems.

4.2.7. Technology Technology also could be considered as electrical, however the technology engineers have a special ability, for instance telephone systems, audio visual (AV) tools, etc.

Basically, technology engineers could work together with interior designers and electrical engineers.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 24 of 45

4.3.

Building Structure System 4.3.1. Columns

Fig 4.1: Columns in the building

The columns have a hexagon shaped representing the forest trees. Having the resemblance of the arabesque patterns from islamic culture, influences the islamic architecture.

4.3.2. Foundation The building is built on reclaimed land. Since reclaimed land consists of loose soil, a deep foundation was required in the building, thus Pile foundation was used

in the

building.

Fig 4.2: Pile Foundation

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 25 of 45

4.4.

Construction Method 4.4.1. Construction Process

Columns

erection

process by

fixing reinforcement steel under formwork.

Fig 4.3: Column Formwork

Floor making formwork process for reinforcement steel.

Fig 4.4: Floor Formwork

Fixing reinforcement steel under floor

formwork

process

for

concrete casting Fig 4.5: Process of concrete casting

Casted concrete and scaffolding erection.

Fig 4.6: Casted concrete

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 26 of 45

4.4.2. Techniques of Construction In-Situ Construction: The construction method of the Factory in the Earth is in-situ construction. They did the construction process on the site, which

means

that

they

did

the

construction using raw materials and did Fig 4.7: In-situ construction

not use prefabricated materials.

Formwork Construction: Another construction method of the Factory in the Earth is formwork construction.

They

use

formwork

construction to create the columns. As we can see, the columns use star shapes Fig 4.8: Formwork construction

from Islamic pattern, thus they have to use formwork methods to make these shapes.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 27 of 45

4.5.

Building Materials 4.5.1. Type of Material for Construction Reinforced Concrete: The Factory in the Earth is situated in Malaysia with a hot humid climate. Concrete has the ability to reduce the humidity since Malaysia is a country with high humidity.

Apart from that, concrete is also very durable and fire resistant. In this factory, we can find the concrete material in the existing factory.

Fig 4.9: Reinforced concrete

Steel Frame: Beside using concrete, this factory also uses steel material. The connection method of the steel is bolted moment connection where they use the combination of welded connection and shear connection. They use steel material in the tower of the factory.

Fig 4.10: Steel frame connections

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 28 of 45

Curtain Wall:

The tower exterior is fully covered in double glazing glass panels as part of the modern design. The UV protective layer in the glazing Fig 4.11: Curtain wall section

prevents the harmful rays of the sun into the building. The low u-value and insulating layer between the two glazing prevents too much heat from passing through.

4.5.2. Wall and Roof System Roof System: The roof system that is applied by the Factory in the Earth is the green roof system.

A green roof is a layer of plants that is developed on top of a waterproofing framework that is attached to the top of a smooth or slightly sloped roof. As we know, green roofs have a lot of benefits such as reaching thermal comfort, absorbing any pollutants in the air, and even being able to filter the wastewater.

Fig 4.12. Green roof layers

Fig 4.13. Green roof in Factory in the Earth

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 29 of 45

Wall System: Vertical green walls are planted blankets, modules or vegetation panels on a free standing frame or structural wall. It can be made with plastic synthetic fabric, clay and concrete which support a variety of shrubs, perennial flowers and edible plants.

Fig 4.15. Vertical green wall in Factory in the Earth

Fig 4.14. Section of vertical green wall

4.5.3. Selection for Interior Materials Brick Wall: The architect applied the brick wall in the musholla of the factory. The advantages of using brick walls are to reduce the humidity of the building, fire resistance, and reduce the Fig 4.16: Brick wall

heat gain of the building.

Timber Floor: The tower is surrounded by a pathway which uses the timber floor with the aim to strengthen the natural feeling inside the factory and it is Fig 4.17: Timber floor

also environmentally friendly.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 30 of 45

Seamless Floor: In this factory, we can find the seamless floor in the existing factory. The advantages of using a seamless floor are it is very durable and abrasion resistant.

Fig 4.18: Seamless floor

Ceramic Floor Tile: Another interior material that is applied in this factory is ceramic. They use ceramic as floor material. The advantage of the ceramic floor tile is very durable, reduces the heat gain of the Fig 4.19: Ceramic floor tile

building, and water resistance.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 31 of 45

4.6.

Mechanical & Electrical Services 4.6.1. M&E System & UBBL Active Intervention System Vertical transportation

Fig 4.21: Section showing the elevator

Fig 4.20: Machine Roomless elevator

Machine Roomless traction elevator is the most energy efficient type of elevator.

Normally, the motors and all of the other equipment are in a machine room. These space-saving enhancements eliminate the necessity to make and provide energy to a machine space. They consume considerably less energy than the larger versions antecedently used. they additionally generate less heat.

4.6.2. Telecommunication System

Telecommunication

systems

are an

essential

component of any office building. It permits a rapid exchange of information between individuals located within the building and connects them to each other.

Fig 4.22: Telecommunication system

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 32 of 45

4.6.3. HVAC / BAS

Fig 4.23: Chiller diagram

Fig 4.24: Chiller unit in the building

Chiller units create chilled water, which is supplied to air handling units (also known as fan coil units) and utilized to cool the air that circulates around the structure. The re-cooling of the ‘warmed' water is accomplished by returning it to the chiller unit.

The process of cooling ventilation air reduces humidity as well.

4.7.

Water Supply & UBBL Active Intervention System

As this is a green building, water must be supplied for irrigation. Water is collected from the roof and reused for the purpose of watering the plants located on the roof. This method minimises the over usage of tap or portable water to water the plant

and reduces the cost

of unnecessary increase of cost water bill.

Fig 4.25: Rainwater stored underground

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 33 of 45

4.8.

Sewerage System (Widya)

Fig 4.26: Illustration of rainwater harvesting utilization for sanitary

Fig 4.27: The process of water reuse

The Green Roof System also has the benefit of filtrating the wastewater, known as phytoremediation. By using the wastewater as irrigation, the plants are used to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater.

4.9.

Finding And Recommendation As this is a green building, the building system is not similar to other typical buildings. We have looked into how the building system operates differently, how the environmental considerations have been put in the design, construction, and operation. Since most of the resources are natural, more regular maintenance must be considered.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 34 of 45

5. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS

5.1.

Analysis of Building Design, Construction & Services

Fig 5.1: Illustration of the Factory in the Earth

5.1.1. Site Condition The Factory in the Earth was built on reclaimed land. This indicates that the early planning stage may have included a few pre-test methods such as borehole and trial pit to characterise the soil and determine the depth of any subsurface water table that may exist, as well as any unforeseen obstacles. This observation is made because the area close to the site location demonstrates the presence of a narrow river called the Sungai Penpal, which joins to the sea just a few metres away. When low and high Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 35 of 45

tides are taken into account, this might have a direct effect on any selected foundation.

Which is a common reason why efficient and imperial foundations are used, as they have a long durability and economical values. (See figure 5.2)

Fig 5.2: Typical Section of Reclamation Land

Although no information about the exact type of foundation was uncovered during our research, we analysed the area reclaimed alongside other similar projects and concluded that due to the type of soil found on site, a mixture of sand, granular material, and rock armouring would be used to secure the dense soil's corners and edges during the reclamation process. This classified the soil as being loose and having a low water-holding capacity. The logical theory of the foundation would be a deep foundation, and to be more specific, the sort of foundation in mind would be a combination of a raft/mat foundation and a pile foundation, or simply a pile foundation as shown in Figure 5.3.

Fig 5.3: Illustration of the Pile Foundation

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 36 of 45

5.1.2. Structure and Materials As we move upward to the structure we have to understand that the structure consists of a full 2 storey level and intruding through the building is a 7 floor level elliptical (see Figure 5.4) glass tower, for employees comfort. On each floor there are visible structures such as visible columns at parallel parameters as shown in Figure 5.5 .

Fig 5.4: Illustration of Aerial View to Factory in the Earth;

Fig 5.5: Cross-Section Factory in the Earth

The superstructure is situated in an industrial district in Johor Bahru. The building's main entry leads directly to employee and guest parking, where visitors are greeted with a warm welcome from the vertical greenery garden and man-made ponds that guide pedestrians to the greenery rooftop. As workers approach the building's interior, they are greeted with a pleasant area filled with natural light and an air current that illuminates the whole floor.

Fig 5.6: Tower Orientation Illustration

Fig 5.7: Tower Open Floor Illustration

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Fig 5.8: Tower Open Floor Plan

Page 37 of 45

The open plan architecture; the design pattern that this design provides for employees promotes an atmosphere of spacious comfort, which is enhanced by the design's open floor plans. Using a glass feature elements based on many research demonstrated to have fewer claustrophobic effects than enclosed spaces surrounded by concrete materials. Additionally, the approach intends to help in eliminating any impediments to the surrounding environment, improving employee mental well-being, and ultimately assisting in increasing productivity, as shown in Figure 5.6 to Figure 5.8.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 38 of 45

5.2.

Analysis of Building Performance A comprehensive assessment of how effectively the whole structure operates at optimum efficiency is contingent upon the relevance of the whole system functions; 5.2.1. Lighting Efficiency This factory features a glass façade to maximise natural light. The greater the amount of natural light transmitted, the less artificial lighting is required, resulting in greater energy savings. To minimise discomfort caused by direct sunlight, the architect will also adjust the building's orientation so that it does not receive direct sunlight but instead receives light through reflection. Additionally, this factory is equipped with a green facade that serves additional functions such as shading devices to reduce glare, as seen in Table 1.

GLASS TYPE

SHADING COEFFICIENT

REFLECTIVE

0.17–0.28

DOUBLE, CLEAR

0.60–0.70

DOUBLE–LOW E

0.32–0.60

Table 1: Light Transmission Shading Coefficient For Typical Windows

5.2.2. Thermal Efficiency The factory's location in Malaysia was influenced by the country's hot-humid environment. In terms of thermal comfort, the factory is capable of coping with challenges such as extremely high temperatures and a high relative humidity of around 95%. This naturally ventilated factory is built near a river, where the wind is stronger, providing enough opportunity for natural ventilation, this allows regular changing the building's temperature and humidity will aid in decreasing the building's temperature and humidity, as shown in Table 2. Additionally, the structure's Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 39 of 45

orientation away from direct sunlight contributes to heat accumulation being kept to a minimum.

U–VALUE, W/M2 K

R–VALUE, M2 K/W

TYPE SINGLE

5.4–5.8

0.18–0.17

DOUBLE

2.8–3.0

0.36–0.30

DOUBLE WITH LOW E COATING

1.7–2.0

0.59–0.50

Table 2: Heat Transmission U And R-value For 6 mm Thick Glass

5.2.3. Energy Efficiency At this facility, they derive all energy from renewable resources such as wind, water, sunlight, and geothermal, all of which are classed as sustainable. As a result, the factory is capable of reducing amounts of pollution that may harm the environment.and produce massive amounts of energy in return.

Fig 5.9: Typical of Energy Hierarchy

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 40 of 45

5.2.4. Water Efficiency This factory is significant since it incorporates rainwater harvesting to collect rainfall. a rainwater harvesting system makes use of a filter to collect rainwater and store it in a water tank and the water in this system may be reused. and use this method can assist minimise the quantity of wastewater and groundwater contamination, as well as help minimise flooding, which are all beneficial to the environment.

Fig 5.10: Use of Water Efficiency

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 41 of 45

5.3.

Compliance of UBBL and Critical Assessment An analysis was conducted for the intend of determining the adherence of Factory in the Earth to ascertain compliance with the Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL), State Planning Guidelines, Fire Protection Guidelines, and other relevant legislation, regulation, or code. In the short term, we will be concentrating on a few important components; 5.3.1. Requirements for Building Setbacks Industrial zone regulations require that building setbacks are regulated by the Urban Planning Department and the local authority, and that they comply with that of the Factory in the Earth.

5.3.2. Provision for Parking A suitable number of parking spaces was provided on the Factory in the Earth, to meet the transportation needs of building users who drive their own vehicles to the factory.

It is important to know how many parking places are required when obtaining a drawing evaluation from the local authority. Because the number of parking places varies depending on the kind of facility, it impacts the number of both employees and visitors.

5.3.3. Requirement for Fire Protection Systems A fire protection system is necessary for the purpose of Factory in the Earth in order to maximise the facility's means of safety for all workers on the grounds. This was determined by the kind and size of the factory. The factory, together with the list of requirements for the fire protection system, is listed on the list of companies needed to comply with the UBBL Tenth Schedule's safety regulations.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 42 of 45

5.3.4. Requirement for Natural Lighting and Ventilation According to the UBBL, by law 39 states that all comparable rooms designed provide openings with 10% natural lighting. The factory in the earth has complained because it uses the refraction of the incoming solar radiation, the glass wall curtain, this is evidence that less artificial lighting is in use during the day. For ventilation, all areas must have openings that allow free airflow with the 5%, as the Factory in the Earth provides a system that allows the reusability of rainwater that falls on the rooftop, that is also drawn into an underground water storage tank mostly through pipes embedded in the pillars and used cyclically for plant watering. When it falls into the pond and the wind blows, the rainwater that falls over the rooftop slope brings a cool breeze to the gap between the exterior and the interior beneath the roof.

5.3.5. Requirement for Travel Distance According to the criteria published in the Seventh Schedule, a factory on Earth used this distance since it indicated the maximum that was required from a dead end room placed 15m away from travel distance to an available distance if the occupancy was fewer than six people.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 43 of 45

5.4.

Finding and Recommendation As in short term, the Factory in the Earth has adhered to all applicable regulations, including those mandated by the UBBL. We mention that the factory was very well calculated to operate at a cutting-edge degree of industrial structure innovation. The architect's attention was well-considered, and the structure, in general, is self-sustaining. We do urge that maintenance be performed over a specified length of time in order to maintain consistent performance.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 44 of 45

6.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION (WIDYA)

Based on the case study, Factory in the Earth applied sustainable architecture in order to preserve nature. In terms of design concept, the architect attempts to bring the landscape to the building interior, thus the workers feel close to nature with the purpose to lower the stress level. Beside that, this factory also uses eco-friendly materials, applies rainwater harvesting and green roof system in order to reduce waste rainwater by collecting and reusing the rainwater, and use solar panels to decrease the amount of pollutants that could damage the environment.

As we know, greenhouse emissions have a bad impact on our environment, thus in order to prevent global warming, we have to start applying sustainable architecture as the Factory in the Earth has done. Factories are the source of pollution, therefore we have to attempt to use environmentally friendly building systems.

Bachelor of Science (Architectural Studies) | ARCH3260 – Building Study & Report

Page 45 of 45

List of References 1. ArchShowcase. 2021. Factory on the Earth in Johor, Malaysia by Ryuichi Ashizawa Architect

&

Associates

-

ArchShowcase.

[online]

Available

at:

<https://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2015/01/28/factory-on-the-earth-in-jo hor-malaysia-by-ryuichi-ashizawa-architect-associates/> [Accessed 2 June 2021].

2. Archipendium. 2021. Factory in the Earth, Johor, Malaysia | Industrial Building. [online] Available at: <https://archipendium.com/en/architecture/factory-in-the-earth/> [Accessed 2 June 2021].

3. ArchDaily. 2021. Factory in the Earth / Ryuichi Ashizawa Architect & Associates. [online]

Available

at:

<https://www.archdaily.com/586653/factory-on-the-earth-ryuichi-ashizawa-architect-and -associates> [Accessed 2 June 2021].

4. Facilitator, C., 2021, Advantages of Seamless Floors, accessed 29 May 2021, <https://www.constrofacilitator.com/seamless-floors-advantages-types-and-applications/ > 5. Wiki,

D.b.,

2020,

Formwork,

accessed

29

May

2021,

<https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Formwork> 6. Freyssinet,

2021,

Construction

Method,

accessed

30

May

2021,

<http://www.freyssinet.com/freyssinet/wfreyssinet_en.nsf/sb/products-and-techniques.co nstruction-methods>

Appendix A – Correspondences

5/9/2021

Gmail - Student Requesting Information about the Factory On The Earth in Johor.

Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com>

Student Requesting Information about the Factory On The Earth in Johor.

10 messages Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> To: raa@r-a-architects.com

21 April 2021 at 08:11

Dear Sir/ Madam Greeting, My name is Tesarina Gomme. I am currently a student in my second year at the Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur majoring in Architecture.

As part of a project in the module 'Building Study and Report', my team and I have selected one of your projects known as the Factory On The Earth in Johor, Malayasia. Base on some articles that we have read, we believe it suits the criteria of energy efficient and effective sustainability wise.

For this reason, we are requesting some information from your firm, such as architectural, structural and MEP plans if they are available, and also the concept and philosophy behind creating such an eye catching industrial architectural building.

Your response and consideration is highly appreciated. Thank you Kind regards Tesarina Gomme From Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) +601131621890 Student Number: 193921447 email: tesagomme@gmail.com Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> To: klhq@nakano-const.com Cc: penang@nakano-const.com, johor@nakano-const.com

23 April 2021 at 09:59

Greeting, My name is Tesarina Gomme. I am currently a student in my second year at the Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur majoring in Architecture.

As part of a project in the module 'Building Study and Report', my team and I have selected one of your projects known as the Factory On The Earth in Johor, Malaysia. Base on some articles that we have read, we believe it suits the criteria of energy-efficient and effective sustainability wise.

For this reason, we are requesting some information from your firm, such as architectural, structural, and MEP plans if they are available, and also the concept and philosophy behind creating such an eye-catching industrial architectural building.

We have tried to communicate with the Ryuichi Ashizawa Architect & Associates, but we have not yet received a response. Hence we as a team, are trying our luck on your behalf.

Your response and consideration are highly appreciated. Thank you Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Kind regards Tesarina Gomme From Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) +601131621890 Student Number: 193921447 email: tesagomme@gmail.com https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=850f4aa3cc&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-a%3Ar-440650858779293144&simpl=msg-a%3Ar-89729…

1/5

5/9/2021

Gmail - Student Requesting Information about the Factory On The Earth in Johor.

[Quoted text hidden]

Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> 5 May 2021 at 04:08 To: raa@r-a-architects.com Cc: penang@nakano-const.com, johor@nakano-const.com, klhq@nakano-const.com, pilus@iukl.edu.my, widyapurnamaaryanandatioputri@gmail.com, aishathmaniashareef@gmail.com, habibimoestafa@gmail.com, Naxan22@live.com, nasheed1409@hotmail.com, 193921447@s.iukl.edu.my To whom may concern Greeting from IUKL, I hope this email finds you well.

Firstly, I am just following up to check if you have some time to have a look at my previous email.

I have attached the letter from our university in this email.

Secondly, our deadline is for thursday, therefore we are truly seeking for information from your firm. So will it be possible to schedule Google Meet conference call?

If you have any questions or concerns please do not hesitate to contact me.

My team members and I, are looking forward to hearing from about on the Factory In the Earth.

Warmest Regards Tesarina Gomme [Quoted text hidden]

Research Letter IUKL (Factory in the Earth).pdf 340K RAA-Pushpender <raa@r-a-architects.com> 5 May 2021 at 15:23 To: Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> Cc: penang@nakano-const.com, johor@nakano-const.com, klhq@nakano-const.com, pilus@iukl.edu.my, widyapurnamaaryanandatioputri@gmail.com, aishathmaniashareef@gmail.com, habibimoestafa@gmail.com, Naxan22@live.com, nasheed1409@hotmail.com, 193921447@s.iukl.edu.my, raa@r-a-architects.com Dear Gomme, We are happy to assist you with our project Factory in the Earth, Malaysia. However, conference call seems difficult to organize this time, please list up the content required with proper elaboration.

We will assist you to the best we can.

Thank you Best Regards Pushpender [Quoted text hidden]

-PUSHPENDER CHAUHAN 芦澤竜一建築設計事務所 RYUICHI ASHIZAWA ARCHITECTS & associates TEL 06(6485)2017 FAX 06(6485)2033

raa@r-a-architects.com http://www.r-a-architects.com/ 〒530-0015 大阪市北区中崎西1-1-4 中島ビル3F

Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com>

5 May 2021 at 18:58

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=850f4aa3cc&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-a%3Ar-440650858779293144&simpl=msg-a%3Ar-89729…

2/5

5/9/2021

Gmail - Student Requesting Information about the Factory On The Earth in Johor.

To: RAA-Pushpender <raa@r-a-architects.com> Cc: penang@nakano-const.com, johor@nakano-const.com, klhq@nakano-const.com, Md Pilus Md Noor <pilus@iukl.edu.my>, widyapurnamaaryanandatioputri@gmail.com, aishathmaniashareef@gmail.com, habibimoestafa@gmail.com, Naxan22@live.com, nasheed1409@hotmail.com, 193921447@s.iukl.edu.my, raa@r-aarchitects.com Dear Sir, Thank you for responding to my email.

I am specifically interested in learning more about; 1. Your Philosophy on Factory in the Earth?

2. The idea and concept of the building ( End User being Islamic Workers)?

3. Issues and constraints when doing the project?

4. The solution achieved with No.3.?

5. Studies, Simulation, or Analysis done prior and during project stages 6. Reason for the tower and why the current location?

7. Why the particular arrangement of building on site?

8. The SOA (Size of Accommodation)/Zoning and Building typology?

9. The idea of sustainability and how it functions in the building?

10. Where your firm influence with UBBL of Malaysia?

We hope to obtain the following; 11. Softcopy of Architecture, Structural Drawings, 12. Softcopy of MEP Drawing ( including Schematic Detail/Fire Safety/Electrical/ Lighting/Building Services etc..)

13. Details Drawings 14. 3D Drawings / Simulation Studies.

15. Preliminary and Construction process input including progress photos.

I am in need of all the information mentioned in the list. I may have missed out on some critical points, any other information you can forward is greatly appreciated.

Thank you for assisting me on this matter.

Warmest Regards Tesarina Gomme [Quoted text hidden]

Md Pilus Md Noor <pilus@iukl.edu.my> To: Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com>

6 May 2021 at 08:51

Hi Tesarina, It's great to know that the architect has responded to your request. Let's hope that they could supply whatever info that you need soonest possible.

#StayHome #StayHealthy

HJ. MD. PILUS BIN HJ. MD. NOOR /Dean Faculty of Architecture & Built Environment Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) Office: +603 89266993 ext 786 /HP: 019 4950000 www.IUKL.edu.my l myIUKL l @myIUKL

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=850f4aa3cc&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-a%3Ar-440650858779293144&simpl=msg-a%3Ar-89729…

3/5

5/9/2021

Gmail - Student Requesting Information about the Factory On The Earth in Johor.

[Quoted text hidden]

RAA-Pushpender <raa@r-a-architects.com> 6 May 2021 at 12:32 To: Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> Cc: penang@nakano-const.com, johor@nakano-const.com, klhq@nakano-const.com, Md Pilus Md Noor <pilus@iukl.edu.my>, widyapurnamaaryanandatioputri@gmail.com, aishathmaniashareef@gmail.com, habibimoestafa@gmail.com, Naxan22@live.com, nasheed1409@hotmail.com, 193921447@s.iukl.edu.my, raa@r-aarchitects.com Dear Gomme, Linked here is the summary for your questions. However, please note that we cannot share all the details you have asked for, as per our company's policy. https://we.tl/t-xCiaXc3qpx Hope the attached data helps.

Thank you Best Regards Pushpender [Quoted text hidden]

Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> 6 May 2021 at 15:23 To: RAA-Pushpender <raa@r-a-architects.com> Cc: penang@nakano-const.com, johor@nakano-const.com, klhq@nakano-const.com, Md Pilus Md Noor <pilus@iukl.edu.my>, widyapurnamaaryanandatioputri@gmail.com, aishathmaniashareef@gmail.com, habibimoestafa@gmail.com, Naxan22@live.com, nasheed1409@hotmail.com, 193921447@s.iukl.edu.my Thank you for the information given.

Sadly, it the same exact information we found from the internet. Hence me contacting you.

We wish you all the best in your endeavour.

Warm Regards Tesarina Gomme

[Quoted text hidden]

Md Pilus Md Noor <pilus@iukl.edu.my> To: Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com>

6 May 2021 at 16:42

Dear Tesarina, I'll try to contact PAM tomorrow.

Take care.

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=850f4aa3cc&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-a%3Ar-440650858779293144&simpl=msg-a%3Ar-89729…

4/5

5/9/2021

Gmail - Student Requesting Information about the Factory On The Earth in Johor.

#StayHome #StayHealthy

HJ. MD. PILUS BIN HJ. MD. NOOR /Dean Faculty of Architecture & Built Environment Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) Office: +603 89266993 ext 786 /HP: 019 4950000 www.IUKL.edu.my l myIUKL l @myIUKL

[Quoted text hidden]

Tesarina Gomme <tesagomme@gmail.com> To: Md Pilus Md Noor <pilus@iukl.edu.my>

6 May 2021 at 18:07

Dear Sir, Understood, and noted with thanks.

Kind Regard, Tesarina Gomme [Quoted text hidden]

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=850f4aa3cc&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-a%3Ar-440650858779293144&simpl=msg-a%3Ar-89729…

5/5

Appendix B – Copy of Technical / Working Drawings

SITE PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 1 - BRAZING SHOP 2 - BRAZING SHOP OFFICE 3 - S.T.PRESS SHOP 4 - MALE LOCKER ROOM 5 - FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 6 - SHOES LOCKER 7 - WORKER ENTRANCE 8 - ONE OFF PRESS ROOM 9 - CUTTING ROOM 10 - SELECTION AREA

11 - S.T.WAREHOUSE 12 - S.T.WAREHOUSE OFFICE 13 - S.T.PACKING 14 - CENTRAL COURT 15 - MEETING ROOM 16 - UNLOADING AREA 17 - WAREHOUSE 18 - WAREHOUSE OFFICE 19 - LOADING PLATFORM

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 20 - CNT SELECTION & INSPECTION AREA 21 - FACTORY OFFICE 22 - S.T INSULATION PROCESS AND CUTTING

23 - S.T INSULATION PROCESS AND CUTTING OFFICE 24 - S.T. PLATING SHOP 25 - PLATING SHOP EXTENSION 26 - EXHIBITION ROOM 27 - CENTRAL COURTYARD 28 - INTERIOR GARDEN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 29 - CANTEEN 30 - KITCHEN 31 - FEMALE PRAYER ROOM 32 - MALE PRAYER ROOM 33 - OFFICE

GREEN ROOF & THIRD FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 34 - CHAIRMAN’S ROOM 35 - LIBRARY 36 - MEETING ROOM

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 37 - DINING AREA 38 - DRESSING ROOM 39 - BATH HOUSE 40 - DINING AREA 41 - ROOFTOP

ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

NORTH ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION

SECTION

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

FIRE EVALUATION

FIRE SAFETY SCHEMATIC GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRE EVALUATION

FIRE SAFETY SCHEMATIC FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FIRE EVALUATION

FIRE SAFETY SCHEMATIC FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FIRE EVALUATION

FIRE SAFETY SCHEMATIC FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FIRE EVALUATION

FIRE SAFETY SCHEMATIC TOWER FLOOR PLAN

Appendix C –Transcripts, Field Notes Sketches & Photographs

CATEGORY – Industrial – Factory 1. PROJECT NAME – FACTORY IN THE EARTH 2. DESCRIPTION This project is an extension of the existing factory, reclaiming ground adjacent to the jungle in Johor, Malaysia. The factories in the 19th century gave priority to rationality and productivity, so we wanted to transcend the factory typology by incorporating elements that would make the Islamic workers proud of the new working environment they would be facing. Using the power of nature like rain water, sunlight, the wind, geothermal heat and vegetation, we wanted to minimize the production of harmful low carbon expelled to the environment making of the building a sustainable factory.

The plan intends to create a large green roof continuous with the ground extending the earth surface covering the lower functions and spaces.

The roof soil works improving greatly the efficiency of the factory space isolation. The space below is structurally arranged by a forest of hexagonal shaped pillars with a star shaped top derived from the arabesque patterns from Islamic culture, a reference to the surrounding jungle. Rain water that pours down the rooftop is pulled into and underground water storage tank through the pipes embedded in the pillars being used cyclically for plants watering. When flowing into the pond and the wind blows, the rain water that pours down over the rooftop slope, brings a cold breeze to the transitorily space between exterior and interior under the roof. To reduce artificial light as much as possible, the factory is designed to reflect the light that comes from above. Guided by computer simulations, we could predict the amount of skylight reflected and diffused by a reflection panel that shares its shape with the arabesque patterns. A multistory building houses the offices, this building aligned with the east-west axis allows for a minimized effect of a solar radiation projected on its outer wall surface.

The slab along the perimeter of the high-rise building is a slope that connects with the ground level a continuous walking path for the workers to practice exercise and improve their health. The façade is provided with a system of wired with vines, these vines shield from solar radiation by sharping a vertical green wall, this building characteristic. Natural ventilation is carried through the multistory building to the lower spaces thankfully to its high creating a current of air. Combining nature into itself and blending with its surroundings it’s the type of factory that can connect with its region making use of rich environment.

Environmental approach In addition to the respectful approach to the site and existing flora and fauna, the building integrates with the surrounding environment by effectively utilizing natural elements such as wind and geothermal energy, sunlight, rain water as well as vegetation. The green-roof works as an insulation layer between inside and the hot Malaysian weather, while also collecting rainwater. Natural ventilation is carried through the main tower to the lower spaces by temperature and pressure gradients, allowing a continuous airflow that improves the interior thermal conditions.

Vertical Ecotone Functionally, the building is organized in two main volumes: a plain clear space with an open layout that contains the production area, and an elliptically shaped tower for the administrative and management departments. The tower long axis is directed towards east-west to minimize the influence of solar radiation on the outer wall surface, while a system of wires and vines forms a natural shield. Different species populate this vertical garden - a vertical ecotone ascending through the tower, Structure As the staff comprises a considerable number of migrant workers from Islamic faith, the design aims to honour their cultural background. The production area is structurally arranged as a forest of hexagonal pillars with star shaped capitals, resembling the arabesque patterns from Islamic culture, while the layout mimics the surrounding jungle.

Rainwater Rainwater collected from the green roof is channelled into an underground water storage tank through pipes embedded in the pillars, used for plant watering.

Blowing winds, and water flowing into the pond, together bring a cool breeze to the transitional space between the exterior and the interior. .

Reflection Panels To reduce artificial lighting as much as possible, the factory is designed to maximize the use of natural light, while shielding the spaces from direct solar radiation. Guided by computer simulations, the required amount of reflected and diffused daylight was calculated and is controlled by reflection panels that again feature arabesque patterns.

3. SIZE - 100,000 sqft - 300,000 sqft (163955.8835sqft) 4. STATUS - Built

5. PROJECT COST - undisclosed 6. PROJECT ADDRESS – Johor, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 7. COMPLETION DATE - 2013 Site area: 46,489 m2 Building area: 15,232 m2 Total floor area: 25,141 m2 Number of storeys: 06 Structure type: RC

TRANSCRIPT

PRELIMINARY SKETCH

MODEL/ MAQUETTE

GREENERY SYSTEM ILLUSTRATION

CONCEPT / IDEA

RAINWATER HARVESTING CONCEPT ILLUSTRATION

ATRIUM LIGHTING EFFECT

TRANSCRIPT

SUNLIGHT, WIND AND WATER EFFICIENCY CONCEPT DIAGRAM

SUNLIGHT, WIND AND WATER EFFICIENCY DESCRIPTIVE DIAGRAM

EXTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHS

ENTRANCE OF JST

VIEW OF TOWER

VIEW OF FACTORY

VIEW OF FACTORY

VIEW OF FACTORY COLUMN

VIEW OF FACTORY AT NIGHT

EXTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHS

PAVILLION ON THE GREEN ROOF

INSIDE THE PAVILLION

ELLIPTICAL ATRIUM

SKYLIGHT ON THE GREEN ROOF

GREEN ROOF AND THE TOWER

SLOPES AND COLUMN DETAILS

INTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHS

FACTORY CORRIDOR

ACCESS TO GREEN ROOF

FACTORY CORRIDOR

INSIDE TOWER

TOWER INTERIOR

TOWER INTERIOR

INTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHS

SKYLIGHT EFFECT IN THE INTERIOR

ACCESS TO GREEN ROOF

MINIMAL LIGHT FEATURES

SKYLIGHT EFFECT IN THE INTERIOR

DAYLIGHT IN THE INTERIOR

INTERIOR PHOTOGRAPHS

ELLIPTICAL ATRIUM INTERIOR

ELLIPTICAL ATRIUM INTERIOR VIEW

SURAU INTERIOR LOOK

SURAU VIEW FROM OUTSIDE

EXPOSED CABLE TRAY FOR SERVICES