29 On average, there were two types of bias incidents people have experienced. The first type was an instance that someone experienced directly, which means that the incident was personal to them. The other type was an indirect instance of bias which afflicted a person indirectly through witnessing the incident or was negatively affected by the instance told by others. The data analysis that immediately follows presents an overview of both types of incidents while the rest of this chapter is dedicated to presenting individual analysis and explanations for each type of incidents. Frequency and proportions of those who experienced and witnessed incidents of bias are presented in tables that immediately follow. For example, 13% of students—of the total of 520—reported experiencing bias incidents based on their ethnicity. Of those who reported experiencing these instances (i.e., n = 171), ethnicity was the most frequent category with 39% reporting that the incidents were based on their ethnic
social identity. Ethnicity-related incidents were also frequently witnessed coming as the second most witnessed category, with 28% of the total reporting witnessing an ethnicity-related bias incident.