Puerto Rico Re_Start Workshop - Executive Summary by Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism

International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start © March 16th to 24th 2018 University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan – PR

Executive Summary Edited by Prof. Martha Kohen Workshop Director

Maria E. Barrios

Workshop Admin Coord.

International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start © March 16th to 24th 2018 University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan – PR

Executive Summary Edited by Prof. Martha Kohen Workshop Director

Maria E. Barrios

Workshop Admin Coord.

Table of Contents Summary ................................................................................................................ 07 Letters from UNESO Chairholder Dr. Lucio Barbera ............................................ 08 Pre Conference Activities ....................................................................................... 10 Letters of Endorsement ....................................................................................... 14 Workshop Directors and University of Florida Sponsors ........................................ 16 Schedule and Program ........................................................................................... 19 Keynote Speaker: Dr. Lucio Barbera Chairholder UNESCO (Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture) ...................... 23 Plenary: Introductory Lectures ................................................................................ 24 Mid-day Lectures Series ......................................................................................... 25 Design Lab Directors .............................................................................................. 29 Design Lab Descriptions ......................................................................................... 30 Site Visits to the Municipalities of San Juan, Loiza and Canovanas ...................... 36 Current Conditions .................................................................................................. 37 Disaster Explorations .............................................................................................. 38 Jury Members ......................................................................................................... 39 Five Design Labs Presentations to the Jury ........................................................... 40 Final Conclusions ................................................................................................... 41

Diploma Ceremony .............................................................................................. 42 Press Coverage ................................................................................................... 44 Contributors ......................................................................................................... 45 General Findings ................................................................................................. 46 General Considerations ....................................................................................... 55 Project Outcomes ................................................................................................ 56 Emergency Cores Lab ......................................................................................... 59 Vacant-Abandoned Buildings Lab ...................................................................... 113 Informal, Formal and Public Housing Lab ......................................................... 159 Floodable and Mountain Risk Areas Lab ........................................................... 189 Untapped Economic Opportunities Lab ............................................................. 237 Follow up Activities ............................................................................................ 268 Post Factum Addenda ....................................................................................... 271 City-Lab Orlando Projects ..................................................................... 273 University of Florida Projects ................................................................ 283 306 Condado ............................................................................. 285 1313 Ave Ponce de Leon ............................................................ 291

Summary In the wake of the catastrophic impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria and over the depleted socio-economic conditions, the Island became a necessary field for advancing proposals addressing the preservation of the natural resources while elevating the human settlement conditions to procure a viable future. The PR_RS Workshop, through interdisciplinary inter-institutional collaborations, addressed challenges of urban planning, architecture, economics, environmental engineering, historic preservation and landscape. In October 2017, for 6 weeks a team of students and professors assembled a working Data Bank as the enabler of projects for the Island. The Puerto Rico Re_Start International Project and Research Workshop was held at the University of Puerto Rico - Recinto Rio Piedras in San Juan, from March 16th to March 24th, 2018 under the sponsorship of the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, with the presence of the Chairholder Dr. Lucio Barbera. It gathered the support of UF through The Center for Latin American Studies, the Office of Research, the International Center, the Conference Department, Shimberg Center BCN-DCP, the School of Architecture DCP, and the Dean’s Office DCP. The directors of the Workshop were Professor Martha Kohen CHU-UF and Dr. Anna Georas SOA-UPR. Scholars and professors gathered from the University of La Sapienza in Rome and the Politécnico di Torino from Italy, the University of Seville from Spain, the UNESCO partners, the New York Institute of Technology, the Center for Puerto Rican Studies – Hunter College (CUNY), Andrew University, Columbia University, UF CityLab Orlando, Universidad del Turabo PR, Universidad Politécnica PR, and multiple PR NGO’s such as Retoño, Casas de la Selva, Puerto Rico Hardwood and TECHO. The University of Florida delegation was composed by five professors, two Ph.D. scholars, twelve juniors, nine seniors and eight graduate students. The University of Puerto Rico engaged with eight professors and forty students with a total attendance of 127 participants. Students worked in mixed teams with invited and local professors to develop integrative and interdisciplinary proposals, with the input of local stakeholders, communities, private developers and the municipalities of Loíza, Canóvanas and San Juan. The visioning proposals were publicly discussed and presented to a distinguished jury on March 24th, 2018. Design Labs were directed by Dr. Anna Irene del Monaco from La Sapienza University, Dr. Mar Loren from University of Seville, CHU Director Nancy Clark, UF CityLab Orlando Lecturers Stephen Bender and Albertus Wang. A parallel Lecture Series engaged the visitors and the wider public. As a result, multilateral collaborations and research proposals were established. Follow up conferences participations will occur in New York May 11-12, 2018, and in Puerto Rico June 15th 2018, and coordinated curricular courses will develop proposals for the Fall 2018. A first public presentation of the results was held at the DCP-UF Research Seminar Series in April 4th, 2018. Interested groups and individuals are welcome to reach us for this ongoing initiative at puertoricorestart@gmail.com or visit us at www. puertoricorestart.org for the second edition of the PR_RS International Workshop.

Pre Conference Activities

Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep After the consequential Hurricanes Irma and Maria passage through the Island of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Islands, the Office of UF VP Dr. David Norton opened the possibility of supporting UPR Faculty and Graduate Students for a limited stay at UF. We were able to receive two faculty members and 7 students for 4 weeks. CHU acted as the host of the activities and actively engaged in logistics and academics with the visitors. Sponsored by Dean Anumba DCP, and Director Alread SOA, we developed jointly the ideas for the International Workshop, held in Puerto Rico March 16th to 24th 2018. The Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep, the preparatory instance held between October 16th and October 30th 2017, presented its results publicly on November 1st in the School of Architecture. Academics from the University of Puerto Rico and the University of Florida proposed to rethink settlements paradigms and proposals that will contribute to a recovery towards a resilient and sustainable future. It produced extensive background research, bibliographic and web content, alumni linkages, consolidated in a google drive data bank. The visitors returned to Puerto Rico after the conclusion. The PR RS International Project Workshop has gathered the support of The Chancellor of UPR, the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Culture Rome, the UF Center for Latin American Studies and the College of DCP through academic units and Centers. Construction of the Workshop Data Bank Faculty and students from Puerto Rico and UF collaborated in creating comprehensive maps, press, statistics, images, and previous projects Data Bank for the Workshop from October 2017 till March 2018. 12

UPR faculty members Dr. Anna Georas, Dr. Laurie Ortiz, and students Ivexis Castro, Rafael Lloveras, Patricia del Moral, Luis Rodriguez, Hilyarit Santiago, Paola Santiago, and Brayan Hernandez, participated in studio and seminars at the University of Florida.

Pre Conference Lecture - February 2018 Dr. David Prevatt - PhD, PE, FASCE Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering University of Florida

Caribbean Hurricane Disasters 21st Century Edition

Letters of Endorsement

October 20 , 2017 Dr. Chimay J. Anumba Dean College of Design and Planning University of Florida, Gainesville Dear Dean Anumba: To Professor Martha Kohen and University of Puerto Rico, School of Architecture and LAAB University of Florida CHU DCP LATAM City of San Juan – Puerto Rico

Rome, 15/10/17 Subject: participation to Puert oRi coRes t artWorks hops

The UNESCO Chair in sustainable urban Quality and urban Culture, notably in Africa, of Sapienza University of Rome Italy, through professor Martha Kohen, member of the UNESCO Chair Steering Committee and Responsible of the UNESCO Chair US Chapter, is fully engaged in the promotion and organisation of the

Puerto Rico Re_start workshop to be held in San Juan – Puerto Rico from March 16 th to 26th 2018 and in the Preparatory workshop

Puerto Rico Re_start Prep workshop to be held from Oct 16 th to 30th 2017 at the University of Florida – College of Design, Construction, and Planning with members of the University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture with collaboration of SOA/DCP professors and students.

Following the devastating pass of Hurricane María through Puerto Rico, the island was drastically affected in its infrastructure: transportation, electric system and water system; housing; agriculture; education; trade-commerce, communications, and economy. Today, Puerto Ricans, individuals, organizations, public and private institutions, as well as the government itself, are looking for actions that allow us to rise again as a sustainable and resilient country. Our School is committed to opening the discourse on resilient design solutions to protect Puerto Rico, its environment and its people, from future natural disasters as the one we are confronting today. That is why, as Interim Dean of the School of Architecture of the University of Puerto Rico (SoA UPR), I endorse the Puerto Rico Re_start; International Project Workshop to be th th held March 16 -26 at our Río Piedras Campus. The International Workshop has been endorsed by UNESCO. This workshop is a shared initiative of the University of Florida, specifically their College of Design Construction and Planning at Gainesville, and our School of Architecture. The Workshop will have a Director from each institution: Professor of Architecture, Martha Kohen, architect, of the UF DCP and Professor Anna Georas, Ph.D., of our School. I will be communicating with Dr. Luis Ferrao, Chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, and Dr. Darrel Hillman, President of the University of Puerto Rico, to extend the endorsement of this important initiative.

I address UNESCO Chair’s and my personal thanks to professor Martha Kohen for her generous endeavour that realizes with great readiness and awareness the UNESCO Chair mission contributing to the regeneration of an important country.

I am immensely grateful for the academic and professional space of dialogue that you have provoked, so that both institutions, with their expertise and vivid experience, can exchange practical and real solutions for the recovery of Puerto Rico.

I address UNESCO Chair’s and my personal congratulations to the other Institutional Participants and Organizers of the Puerto Rico Re-start Workshops, being very confident that our collaboration will produce a precious contribution to the full recovery of Puerto Rico’s communities and a methodological example for the international cooperation.

Cordially,

The Chairholderprofessor Lucio Barbera

Mayra Jiménez Montano, PhD. Interim Dean

Center for Latin American Studies

March 9, 2018

319 Grinter Hall PO Box 115530 Gainesville, FL 32611-5530 352-273-4705 352-392-7682 Fax www.latam.ufl.edu

Dear participants in the Puerto Rico Re_Start Workshop: On behalf of the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Florida, I send you my greetings from Gainesville. The Center is honored to be one of the sponsors for this very important workshop. As you know, the series of devastating hurricanes that impacted the Caribbean and the mainland of the United States this past fall served as important reminders of the vulnerabilities of coastal and island communities that are especially at risk to sea level rise and climate variability. In the case of Puerto Rico, the federal government’s slow and uneven response to the devastation of Hurricane Maria has prompted non-governmental organizations, universities, and private citizens to fill the void. Here at UF, under Dr. David Norton’s leadership, the Office of Research provided funds and logistical support for short-term research residencies for faculty and students from Puerto Rican universities. Several departments and centers on campus stepped up to accommodate the visiting faculty and students during their research stays. Our Center hosted a faculty member from the Universidad de Puerto Rico (UPR)-Mayagüez campus and supported the Office of Research in placing faculty and students in other departments. The UF School of Architecture hosted a large group of faculty and students from the UPR-Rio Piedras campus. Under the leadership of Dr. Martha Kohen and Arq. Anna Georas (URP), the faculty and students participated in a collaborative workshop, entitled “Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep,” that led to this international workshop focused on the development of resilient design solutions to protect Puerto Rico’s environment and people from future natural disasters. In addition to supporting this workshop, we hope that as a result of this initiative we can understand better how US universities could provide more coordinated responses that will support the long-term sustainability of UPR academic and research programs. Looking ahead, the Center for Latin American Studies stands ready to work with our Puerto Rican counterparts in developing programs and initiatives that will support a more sustainable future for Puerto Rico. I wish you all a stimulating and productive workshop! Un saludo fraternal,

Philip Williams Director, Center for Latin American Studies

The Foundation for The Gator Nation

College of Design, Construction and Planning

231 Architecture Building 1480 Inner Road room 262 POB 115702 Gainesville FL 32611-5702 (352) 294-1475 Fax (352) 392-4606

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

http://www.dcp.ufl.edu/arch/

All, On behalf of the University of Florida School of Architecture I want to welcome you to the Puerto Rico Re_Statrt Workshop! With participants from PR, NYC, Seville, Rome and Florida it is an amazing opportunity for collaboration across disciplinary and geographic boundaries. We are happy to be able to support this important initiative that gathered widespread interest; from the University of Florida, the Center for Hydrogenerated Urbanism, the Center for Latin American Studies, The Vice President of Research, the UF International center, the Shimberg Center, The College of Design Construction and Planning, CityLab Orlando, and the School of Architecture. The UF delegation is composed of 6 professors (4 from architecture), and 32 students, with 26 from our program. We’re excited to see the conjunction of Puerto Rico and interdisciplinary outlooks from overseas producing challenging projects to help refocus future actions. We’re also very interested in collaborative long-term academic proposals and want to continue the dialog with the many connections made here. We wish you a very productive week and look forward to the results. Best Wishes to all, Jason Jason Alread, AIA, LEED AP Director & Professor School of Architecture | University of Florida College of Design Construction and Planning https://dcp.ufl.edu/architecture/ https://www.facebook.com/uf.soa 231 ARCH, Gainesville, FL 32611-5702. PO Box 115702 352.294.1456. jalread@ufl.edu

An Equal Opportunity Institution

Equal Opportunity

Workshop Directors

Prof. Martha Kohen University of Florida Dr. Anna Georas University of Puerto Rico Academic Committee Mayra Jimenez Esteban Sennyey Humberto Cavallin Eliane Morales Omayra Rivera Yazmin Crespo

Administrative Committee Maria E. Barrios – Workshop Administrative Coordinator Luis Rodriguez – Assistant Carola Ballester

University of Florida Sponsors

Office of Research VP Dr. David Norton

Center for Latin American Studies Dr. Phillip Williams International Center Dr. Leonardo Villalon College of Design Construction and Planning Dean Chimay Anumba School of Architecture Director Jason Alread Shimberg Center Director William O’Dell City Lab Orlando Director Frank Bosworth 16

Administrative Support Naznin Akther Lisa Haynes Mary Kramer Luis Martinez Alejandro Valsega

Workshop Directors Opening Welcome Prof. Martha Kohen and Dr. Anna Georas University of Florida + University of Puerto Rico

Federico del Monte Vice President - Puertorican Department of Housing

Dr. Anna Georas

Prof. Martha Kohen

Prof. David Gouverneur

Dr. Lucio Barbera and Prof. Martha Kohen

University of Florida Delegation and 5 students from La Sapienza University - Rome

Schedule and Program of PR_RS in San Juan Friday March 16th, 2018 - Auditorio Jesus Amaral 04:00 – 05:00 pm Registration Opens @ University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras Campus (School of Architecture - Lobby) 05:00 – 06:00 pm Workshop Kickoff Addresses - Auditorio Invited Authorities Anna Georas, Director PR_RS Martha Kohen, Director PR_RS 06:00 – 07:00 pm Keynote Speaker: Dr. Lucio Barbera (UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, notably in Africa) The role of International Support through Workshops in a Climate Change Environment 07:00 – 08:30 pm Reception @ University of Puerto Rico Main Lobby

Saturday March 17th - Auditorio Jesus Amaral 08:00 – 09:40 am Lectures and Presentations by Local Authorities and Stakeholders - Location: UPR – Auditorio 08:00 am Canóvanas Municipality Hon. Lorna Soto Villanueva – Mayor Canóvanas Municipality Jessica J. Rivera-Luciano, P.E. - Director, Canóvanas Municipal Planning Office Leslie Rivera - Planner - Canóvanas Municipal Planning Office 08:20 am Loíza Municipality Hon. Julia M. Nazario Fuentes – Mayor of Loiza Municipality Yeidy Escobar - Planner - Loíza Municipal Planning Office 08:40 am San Juan Municipality Ruben Pomales - San Juan Municipal Planning Office David Carrasquillo - San Juan Municipal Planning Office 09:10 am Resilience as an Opportunity for Recovery Ing. Luis Cintron, Commission of Housing Resilience 09:30 am Resilient Power Puerto Rico _ RPPR Jonathan Marvel - Marvel Architects 09:50 – 10:10 am Coffee Break 10:10 – 11:00 pm Open Discussion - Moderator: Martha Kohen 11:00 – 12:00 am Keynote Speaker: David Gouverneur - University of Pennsylvania Informal Armatures 12:00 – 01:30 pm Light Lunch - School of Architecture Lobby

01:30 – 03:30 pm 03:30 – 04:00 pm 04:00 – 05:00 pm 05:00 pm

Panel of Researchers + Planners + Entrepreneurs - Coordinator: Martha Kohen 01:30 pm Antonino Saggio - La Sapienza University - Rome 02:00 pm Andres Rua - Puerto Rico Hardwood 02:30 pm Thrity Jal Vakil - La Casa de la Selva - Tropic Ventures and Tropic Ventures 03:00 pm Jorge Lizardi - UPRRP Panel Discussion - Moderator: Anna Georas Lab directors meet with Workshop Directors Kohen and Georas + Distribution of Research materials, documents and maps (10 sets) Visit Old San Juan on your own

Sunday March 18th 08:00 – 05:00 pm

Bus visits to sites in the Municipalities of: San Juan, Loiza and Canovanas

Monday 19th to Thursday 22nd 08:00 – 11:00 am Project Development by Lab teams (ROOMS 211, 212, 213, 214, 215) 11:00 – 12:00 pm Lunch on your own 12:00 – 02:00 pm Mid-day Lecture Series - Location: UPR – Auditorio Jesus Amaral Monday 19th 12:00pm Water River Sponge. Tevere Cavo and other projects. Antonino Saggio - La Sapienza University, Rome 12:30pm Resilient Emergency Design: Safe Houses & Shelters Elaine Morales – Retoño 01:00pm Taking Breath after María Humberto Cavallin – School Architecture - University of Puerto Rico 01:30pm XX Century Second Half Architectural Preservation Problems in Italy Gentucca Canella - La Sapienza University - Rome Tuesday 20th 12:00pm Low-Tech Finance and Recycle Urban Housing Policy and Program Martha Kohen – CHU – University of Florida 12:30pm The Efficacy of Shipping Container Stephen Bender - BNDR LLC, Lecturer UF CityLab 01:00pm Nexo Martin Peña Victor Perez Andino (PR) | Wandile Mphiyane (South Africa) | Andrews University 01:30pm Re-activate Entanglements of Urban Memory for Future Challenges in South Africa Anna Irene del Monaco – UNESCO Chair SUQUC Secretary General

Wednesday 21th 12:00pm Designing for Tropics: Fuster Architects Projects Nataniel Fuster – professor SOA UPR 12:40 TI_MODULE: A Transitional Inhabit Unit Eugenio Ramirez (UT) | Yazmin Crespo Claudio (UT) 1:00pm Creative Methods for the Characterization and Reactivation of the Contemporary City Participatory Lecture in Collaboration with UPR Mar Loren - Professor - University of Seville - Spain Thursday 22nd 12:00pm Forces of Nature: Responsible Approach to Developing Puerto Rico Jose Molinelli - Professor Environmental Sciences Department 12:30pm Project Development: Rethinking Implementation Michelle Sugden Castillo - Principal - Sugden Castillo Consulting 01:00pm UF | CHU Resilience Paradigms and the Project of the Future Nancy Clark – CHU – University of Florida 01:30pm First Response & TECHOS David Rodriguez UPRRP | Mario Gonzalez UPRRP 03:15 – 03:30 pm Break 03:30 – 04:30 pm Parallel Session Research Table Discussion - Coordinator: Martha Kohen - ROOM 222 03:30 – 08:00 pm Project Development by Lab teams (ROOMS 211, 212, 213, 214, 215)

Friday 23rd 08:00 – 12:00 pm 12:00 – 01:00 pm 01:00 – 04:00 pm

Project Development by Lab teams (ROOMS 211, 212, 213, 214, 215) Lunch on your own

Mid-day Lecture Series - Location: UPR – Auditorio Jesus Amaral

01:00pm Abhinav Alakshendra – University of Florida (Urban and Regional Planning) 02:00pm Darwin Marrero – University of Puerto Rico 03:00pm Edwin Melendez – Hunter College (Director Center for Puerto Rican Studies, NY) Puerto Rico Post-Maria and the Diaspora 03:15 – 03:30 pm Break 03:30 – 04:30 pm Parallel Session Research Table Conclusions - Coordinator: Martha Kohen - ROOM 222 03:30 – 08:00 pm Project Conclusion by Lab teams (ROOMS 211, 212, 213, 214, 215)

Design Labs Presentations Saturday 24th - Auditorio Jesus Amaral 09:00 – 10:00 am 10:00 – 11:00 am 11:00 – 12:00 pm

Powerpoint presentations by Design Lab Team 1 Powerpoint presentations by Design Lab Team 2 Powerpoint presentations by Design Lab Team 3

12:00 – 01:00 pm

Light Lunch - School of Architecture Lobby

01:00 – 02:00 pm 02:00 – 03:00 pm

Powerpoint Presentations by Design Lab Team 4 Powerpoint presentations by Design Lab Team 5

03:00 – 03:30 pm

Break

03:30 – 05:30 pm Evaluations from the Jury + Public Discussion - Kohen + Georas Moderators Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Chair Holder Dr. Edwin Melendez - Hunter College (Director Center for Puerto Rican Studies, NY) Dr. Mayra Jimenez - Dean School of Architecture, UPR Abhinav Alakshendra - University of Florida (Urban and Regional Planning) Dr. Jose Molinelli - Geomorphologist, UPR Carlos Bentancourt - Professor and Dean of Universidad Politecnica, PR Dr. Samuel Quiñones - Director of General Archives and National Library of Puerto Rico Juan Roman Castañer - Archivist of General Archives and National Library of Puerto Rico Invited Authorities + Stakeholders 05:30 – 06:00 pm 06:30 – 07:15 pm 07:15 – 08:30 pm

Sunday 25th

Final Conclusions + Further Directions by Anna Georas and Martha Kohen Diplomas Distributions Ceremony by Authorities * Closing Reception - University of Puerto Rico @ School of Architecture Lobby Free Day + Departures

*Diplomas will be issued to workshop Labs and Lecture series registered participants ONLY

Keynote Speaker Dr. Lucio Barbera

UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture The role of International Support through Workshops in a Changing Climate Environment

The chairholder instroduced the subjects of the Workshop: www.puertoricorestart.org

Plenary: Introductory Lectures

The lectures contents can be accessed at: www.puertoricorestart.org Anna Georas Presents Ruben Pomales - Planner David Carrasquillo - Planner San Juan Municipality

SAN JUAN

Hurricanes Irma and Maria and their aftermath

Lorna Soto â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Mayor Canovanas Municipality

CANOVANAS

From Disaster to Recovery after Hurricanes Irma and Maria

Julia M Nazario Fuentes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Mayor Yeidy Escobar - Planner Loiza Municipality

LOIZA

After Hurricane Maria

Architect Jonathan Marvel Marvel Architects New York RPPR Resilient Power Puerto Rico

Prof. David Gouverneur University of Pennsylvania Informal Armatures

Ing. Luis Cintron Commission of Housing Resilience Puerto Rico

Prof. Jorge Lizardi Student Minette Bonilla University of Puerto Rico

Resilience as an Opportunity for Recovery

Fear and Abandonment in Santurce

Panel Discussion

Economic Challenges and Opportunities Moderator: Antonino Saggio – La Sapienza University Andres Rua – Puerto Rico Hardwood Thrity Vakil – La Casa de la Selva Jorge Lizardi – University of Puerto Rico

Mid-day Lectures Series Monday - Friday

Prof. Antonino Saggio La Sapienza University Rome, Italy Water River Sponge. Tevere Cavo and other projects

Resilient Emergency Design: Safe Houses & Shelters

Prof. Gentucca Canella Politecnico di Torino Turin, Italy

Humberto Cavallin School Architecture University of Puerto Rico

TOWARDS ANOTHER MEDITERRANEAN Architecture, settlement tradition and energy planning in North Africa and in East Africa

Taking Breath after MarĂa

Prof. Martha Kohen Workshop Director CHU Director University of Florida

Lecturer Stephen Bender BNDR LLC, Lecturer UF CityLab

Low-Tech Finance and Recycle Urban Housing Policy and Program

Elaine Morales RetoĂąo Puerto Rico

The Efficacy of Shipping Container as a building material

Mid-day Lectures Series Monday - Friday

Victor Perez Andino (PR) and Wandile Mphiyane (South Africa) Andrews University

Anna Irene del Monaco UNESCO Chair SUQUC Secretary General

Nexo Martin PeĂąa Ubuntu Group

Re-activate Entanglements of Urban Memory for Future Challenges in South Africa

Prof. Nataniel Fuster University of Puerto Rico

Prof. Eugenio Ramirez University del Turabo

Designing for Tropics: Fuster Architects Projects

TI_MODULE: A Transitional Inhabit Unit

Prof. Mar Loren University of Seville Spain

David Rodriguez and Mario Gonzalez University of Puerto Rico

Creative Methods for the Characterization and Reactivation of the Contemporary City North Africa and in East Africa

First Response & TECHOS

Mid-day Lectures Series Monday - Friday

Prof. Jose Molinelli Environmental Sciences Department University of Puerto Rico

Michelle Sugden Castillo Principal Sugden Castillo Consulting

Forces of Nature: Responsible Approach to Developing Puerto Rico

Project Development: Rethinking Implementation

Dr. Edwin Melendez Hunter College Director Center for Puerto Rican Studies New York

Dr. Omayra Rivera Politecnica University Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico Post-Maria and the Diaspora

Tools for Participatory Design

Economist Abhinav Alakshendra University of Florida (Urban and Regional Planning)

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark Director CHU University of FloridaÂ

Re Starting Puerto Rico: Hope and Recovery

UF | CHU Resilience Paradigms and the Project of the Future

Lab Directors

The Workshop invited five professors to head the projects labs. They were in charge of coordinating interdisciplinary teams of students and faculty towards the proposal of synthetic strategies.

Nancy Clark - CHU Director University of Florida

Dr. Mar Loren University of Seville

Lecturer Stephen Bender University of Florida / CityLab Orlando

Lecturer Albertus Wang University of Florida / CityLab Orlando

Prof. Anna Irene del Monaco La Sapienza University / UNESCO Secretary General

Lab Descriptions Design Lab 01 FROM MOUNTAIN TO FLOODPLAINS LAB One of the major impacts of Hurricane Maria was massive flooding due to poor storm-water management, overflow of combined sewer systems, and the abundance of impervious surfaces. Even though floods cannot be avoided green infrastructure and resilient design strategies can help protect both residents’ lives and property. Unlike traditional single-use grey-infrastructure that moves water from one place to another, layered and multifunctional green infrastructure could enhance our island’s capacity to recover from adverse events. An interdisciplinary and integrated discussion between the several design disciplines, public policy advocates, science, social sciences, the insurance sector, and community organizations is essential to develop and/or identify green infrastructure strategies that could be employed by local communities. Hurricane Maria also exposed the fragile and precarious state of our electrical infrastructure. To this date, a significant portion of the island’s population is still without power. It is estimated that some areas will be without electrical service until mid-2018. Equitable access to clean and renewable energy can aid in the resilient recovery and economic development of Puerto Rico. Our communities should be able to recover fast from power outages and have access to backup power to achieve normal operations. The inclusion of other forms of renewable energy production is crucial not just for our resilient recovery, but also for a sustainable and thriving economy. A holistic and multidisciplinary approach to resiliency is fundamental to pursue a healthy, sustainable, and shock-resistant Puerto Rico. It is imperative to develop mitigating and adaptive design strategies that take into consideration:

• local community input • context-sensitive renewable energy systems • context-sensitive green infrastructure strategies (ie. urban vs rural settings) • impact of sustainable strategies and design decisions to human health and wellness • impact of green infrastructure and renewable energy in the local economy • support for education and capacity building of our communities

Project Sites & Development: Identify and exemplify green infrastructure opportunities in urban areas in the following typologies: low income neighborhoods and informal buildings, informal settlements, floodable urban areas, governmental housing 4-stories blocks, mountain settlements. Identify renewable energy showcase neighborhoods in the following typologies: low income and informal buildings, informal settlements, floodable urban areas, governmental housing 4-stories blocks, mountain settlements, etc. TEAM LEADERS: Nancy Clark – University of Florida TEAM CONSULTANTS: Felix Aponte (UPR) | Dr. Lucio Barbera (UNESCO Chair Holder) | Marc Wouters (President CNU-NY) TEAM ONE: Nancy Clark (University of Florida) + Antonino Saggio (La Sapienza University - Rome) TEAM TWO: Silvia Aloisio (La Sapienza University – Rome) 30

Design Lab 02 URBAN-UNUSED SERVICED BUILDINGS Since 2008, Puerto Rico has suffered an exodus of thousands of Puerto Ricans. For the first time the mainland diaspora is larger the island’s population. This has worsened after Hurricane María. It is estimated that it will continue to increase until mid-2018. One of the most challenging effects of this phenomenon is the sheer amount of abandoned serviced structures. The migration resulting from the island’s fiscal crisis has resulted in thousands of foreclosed homes leaving behind half-empty urban centers with scarce residents and commercial activity. School enrollment was declining prior to the storm causing the closure of 167 schools. Just 3 months after Hurricane María, more than 10,000 students enrolled in Florida school districts. Also, vulnerable historical structures suffered at considerable damage during the storm. The goal is to explore the possibility of rehabilitation and adaptation strategies for existing structures, as well as discuss how to preserve the character and integrity of our historical structures while making them more resistant to natural phenomena. Prior to design, there needs to be an assessment of adaptive reuse potential of abandoned structures considering criteria such as location, design, functionality, structural integrity, legal framework and rehabilitation cost. Damage assessment is key to the process. Puerto Rico’s existing building stock presents an opportunity to take advantage of in-place resources and to reimagine their role in the existing environment to act as a catalyst of urban activity. A holistic approach to building reuse in Puerto Rico’s post-disaster scenario should take into consideration: • consider community engagement and appropriation strategies • provide an assessment of adaptive reuse potential of abandoned structures considering criteria such as location, design, functionality, structural integrity, legal framework and rehabilitation cost • provide an assessment of damage to historic structures and address pre-event and post-event mitigation strategies in structures that are structurally vulnerable or located in risk areas • interventions in registered historic buildings should follow the Secretary of Interior Standards for preservation or rehabilitation of historic structures • interventions in non-historic buildings should respect historical and cultural significance and avoid new additions which create a false sense of history • maximize resources and take advantage of the scale, flexibility and urban proximity of existing buildings • implement strategies to reduce energy consumption and urban heat island effect • implement strategies to address occupant health and wellness • consider sustainable strategies such as the use of on-site renewables and urban agriculture Project Sites & Development: Identify and select for project proposals definite urban portions where strategies can be developed and exemplified in the following typologies in Old San Juan, Santurce, etc. TEAM LEADERS: Mar Loren-Méndez (University of Seville) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Darwin Marrero (UPR) | Omayra Rivera (U. Politecnica | Jorge Lizardi (UPR) | Dr. Lucio Barbera | Victor Nieto (UPR) 31

TEAM ONE: Pedro G. Agenjo (U. of Seville) | Roberto Alonso (U. of Seville) | Emilio Martinez (UPR) TEAM TWO: Manuel Bermudez (UPR) | Carmen Fernández (U. of Seville) Design Lab 03 HOUSING RESILIENCY + COMMUNITY PLANNING Access to housing relates directly to job & education opportunities, our social networks, and our general wellbeing. After the passage of a major natural disaster housing becomes the center and face of the recovery, it triggers how fast residents can go back to their usual routine, how fast businesses can open and keep open their doors, and which areas are able to recover more efficiently than others. Puerto Rico isn’t the exception, Hurricane Maria damaged about 80% of homes and their reconstruction could be the driver for social and economic recovery. Hurricane Maria uncovered the fragile state of housing and infrastructure in the island. The informal nature of most of the construction in Puerto Rico, especially in rural areas, directly relates to the level of damage witnessed at present. Historically, low income families struggle to access adequate and high-quality homes. This has repercussion in their standard of living and on the built environment in general. Families living in vulnerable homes are the most affected and the ones that struggle the most to recover. The need for shelter is immediate but rebuilding hastily or investing our resources in temporary solutions is not the answer. A focus on permanent housing solutions that meet the long-term needs of residents, respect the character of the place and geographic context, and are built to withstand future disasters, should be prioritized for a more resilient and sustainable Puerto Rico. A holistic approach to housing recovery should take into consideration: • community engagement at the neighborhood and household level. • an all hazards approach. Puerto Rico experiences hurricane and storms frequently but it is also at earthquake risk. Reconstructed homes should follow strong building codes, and risk mitigation strategies that may decrease the damage after an intense weather event. • a fair recovery. Some sectors will be able to take the recovery process on their hands, while more vulnerable ones won’t. These high risk, vulnerable areas should be prioritized. The philanthropic and private sectors can play a role in responding to the unmet needs of governmental agencies to ensure a fair recovery. • locally based solutions that build into our geographic and socio-cultural characteristics. We need to ensure local experts are prepared to present context appropriate solutions to decision makers, especially after a federally declared disaster in which top-down approaches could be implemented. • density and character: urban vs rural environments, and single-family vs multifamily. • use and supply of local materials and local labor. Housing reconstruction can play a big role in the economy and reducing the exodus after the disaster. • land use and site location. Avoiding high risk areas should be the main recommendation to reduce future costs and develop more resilient communities. However, social equity issues need to be examined in relocation processes. When the reconstruction in a high-risk area is unavoidable, risk mitigation strategies should be implemented to reduce potential damage. 32

• include other sustainable strategies in the housing design, like renewable energy, water management and food supply. • planning for housing recovery. In the face of María’s passing, we could increase our response capacity and use the recovery process to develop planning and community design strategies that can be implemented at different scales and prepare us to respond to the next intense weather event.

Project Sites & Development: Intervention Areas TEAM LEADER: Albertus Wang (University of Florida) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Omayra Rivera (POLI) | Luis Daza (UPR) | Dr. Lucio Barbera | Federico Del Monte | Elaine Morales TEAM ONE: Farah Akiely (UF) TEAM TWO: Maria E. Barrios (UF) Design Lab 04 EMERGENCY CORES Hurricanes Irma and María, devastated Puerto Rico’s primary power grid causing an island wide power outage. Clean running water was not readily available in many communities across the island. The main communication companies lost their infrastructure leaving the island without connectivity. The idea of Emergency Cores (EC) is to consider the possibility of centers of service, both permanent and temporary, that would be prepared to address the needs of the people in the event of a disaster. Given projections of progressively warmer waters in the Caribbean Basin and that the probability of such strong storms is on a rise, these Emergency Cores become a real need. The permanent ECs would be located in the historic town centers of the municipalities to ensure that they are easy to locate, i.e., places where people naturally go. The temporary ECs, Containers for Communities (C4C) are repurposed shipping containers prepared as communal spaces located in communities in need of these services. Once the community is back on the grid and has running water, the temporary EC will be moved to another community in need. A holistic approach to EC design must consider:

• communal spaces available to all citizens. • on public property or land owned by a not-for-profit community-based organization. • solar-powered with energy storage systems. • rainwater collection systems. • satellite wifi. • food, water and medical supplies. • accessibility in all design proposals, as close to the ground as possible for physically challenged, elderly and infant populations.

Additional criteria for the temporary ECs are:

• should have wheels to facilitate relocation. • rainwater collection systems that could double as shade mechanisms, an important concern when dealing with repurposed containers that are susceptible to overheating. • memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to ensure they remain temporary. • adequately anchored. • simple foundations, stabilizing mat. Project Sites & Development: For the permanent ECs sites in the traditional town centers that are well known to the residents. For the temporary ECs the prototypes are developed to be adaptable to multiple site conditions to then focus on remote locations that have lost easy access to primary roadways. Consider their democratic distribution across the Island. TEAM LEADERS: Stephen Bender (University of Florida) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Jorge Ramirez | Dr. Lucio Barbera | Humberto Betancourt (UT) | Jonathan Marvel TEAM ONE: Matt Krajewski (NYIT) | Esteban Sennyey (UPR) | Ricardo Acuña (UPR) | Eugenio Ramirez (UT) | Rebecca Campos (UT) TEAM TWO: Farzana Gandhi (NYIT)) | Yazmin Crespo (UT) | Jose Rafael Ramirez (UT) Design Lab 05 UNTAPPED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES Given Puerto Rico’s sustained contracted economy, there is need for innovative think tanks to see how we can revive the island’s financial challenge. Puerto Rico has many underutilized serviced facilities as well as many potential attractions that are need of attention. The 10-yr exodus of the residents has left the island in a precarious state. What kind of destination can Puerto Rico become? Can it become a viable alternative for people who would like to return to the island? Could it become a snowbird destination? Project Sites & Development: unused historic infrastructure such as the abandoned American Railroad system, military bases, underutilize ports and airports, and agro-industry potential. TEAM LEADER: Anna Irene del Monaco | Gentucca Canella - (Politecnico di Torino – Torino) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Martha Kohen (UF) | Dr. Edwin Melendez (Hunter College) | Luis Garcia Pelatti (UPR) | Dr. Lucio Barbera TEAM ONE: Gentucca Canella - La Sapienza University - Rome | Nathaniel Fuster (UPR) TEAM TWO: Anna Irene del Monaco (La Sapienza University - Rome) 34

Labs

Site Visits

Municipalities of San Juan, Loiza and Canovanas

Current Conditions

Municipalities of San Juan, Loiza and Canovanas Site visits, drone flyovers, and aerial views.

Underdeveloped upper floors and abandoned projects in San Juan

Oversight of CaĂąo Martin PeĂąa, blue tarps 5 months after Maria

Closed storefronts in Rio Piedras

Canovanas fixed electric grid

Devastation in Canovanas

San Juan abandoned Airplane hangers

Rio Piedras vacant properties

Rio Piedras commercial storefronts

Disaster Explorations

Municipalities of San Juan, Loiza and Canovanas

Landslide in Cubuy

Bridge replacement in Canovanas

Loiza devastation

Broken roads in Loiza waterfront

Martha Kohen and Lucio Barbera speak with Gaby Acevedo from NY-NBC Telemundo in Cubuy

Loiza waterfront erosion

Jury Members

Dr. Edwin Melendez Dean Carlos Bentancourt Prof. Jose Molinelli Dr. Lucio Barbera Dean Mayra Jimenez Ec. Abhinav Alakshendra Juan Roman Castañer Dr. Samuel Quiñones

Dr. Edwin Melendez Center for Puerto Rican Studies

Jose Molinelli Geomorphologist - UPR Dean Carlos Bentancourt Universidad Politecnica School of Architecture

Dr. Lucio Baebera UNESCO chairholder

Dean Mayra Jimenez University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture

Ec. Abhinav Alakshendra University of Florida Juan Roman Castañer Puerto Rican National Archives

Five Design Labs Presentations to the Jury (120 students + 33 faculty)

03 Each of the 5 labs made a power point presentation followed by a jury discussion of the proposals.

04 40

Final Conclusions Dr. Anna Georas Prof. Martha Kohen Dr. Lucio Barbera

Dr. Anna Georas Dr. Lucio Barbera

Urban Anemia #urbananemia: human settlement physically and functionally appears to be still in a good state but the demographics, social, economic and cultural resources are in a continuous silent decrease. The first symptoms of URBAN ANEMIA is the necrosis of marginal settlements. #urbananemia: in the international workshop Puerto Rico Re_Start with the participation of UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Quality and Urban Culture, notably in Africa I diagnosed the situation of the human settlement in the are as URBAN ANEMIA. Prof. Martha Kohen

Dr. Luico Barbera @ Puerto Rico Re_Start, 16-24 March 2018.

Diploma Ceremony

Each participant received a Diploma signed by all the Institutions involved.

Press Coverage

Members of the press followed and documented the workshop results.

Felix Aleman Canal 6 / PR Gaby Acevedo NBC NY â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Telemundo - Spanish English Cindy Spence Explorer Magazine / UF

Gaby Acevedo and Dr. Anna Georas

Mabel Cardec Communication Director UFIC Clarisa Melendez WUFT / UF Julie Frey Communication Director DCP / UF

Dr. Anna Georas, Prof. Martha Kohen and Cindy Spence

Mario Alegre Barrios UPR Press

Contributors

The workshop received the constribution of members of Cultural and Academic Institutions.

Dr. Samuel Quiñones and Mabel Cardec

Dr. Laurie Ortiz and Farah Akiely

Student, Porf. Aurelio Castro and Prof. Martha Kohen

Dr. Laurie Ortiz, Prof. Martha Kohen and Luis Rodriguez

Alejandro Valsega and Silvia Aloisio

Dr. Laurie Ortiz - Library Director - UPR Luis Rodriguez - Master Student - UPR Dr. Samuel Quiñones - Director of Puerto Rican National Archives Prof. Aurelio Castro - Professor - UPR Farah Akiely - Ph.D. Candidate - UF Alejandro Valsega - Technical Support -UPR Silvia Aloisio - Ph.D - La Sapienza University - Rome Mabel Cardec - Communication Director - UF

Dr. S.Quiñones, J.Roman, I.Del Monaco, L.Barbera and M.Kohen at the Puerto Rican National Archives

General Findings New York Institute of Technology Presented by Elhossane Koroma

A general analysis of available data was mapped to graphically present the general conditions of the Island and indentify the storm impacts in the Communities.

Puerto Rico Regions

The identified 100 locations are the main target for the placement of emergency cores that would maintain communication and basic response capabilities during a storm and the immediate aftermath.

General Considerations This list identifies findings that should be addressed with responses from the Workshop.

• Natural or mad made disasters? • Crucial Importance of Economics and Politics • Heartbreaking Testimonies by individuals left powerless • Strong Dangers looming - FEMA does not reach the very poor - Fiscal Control Board Looking for short term debt recuperation not long term policies - Breakage of trust between citizens and government (federal and island government) - Unchecked Corruption - Lack of strategic maintenance and redundancy • Disaster Treat Management - Hurricanes - Landslides - Flooding - Surge - Earthquakes • Abandonment • Depopulation • Selective Emigration • Powerful diaspora links • Infrastructural Challenges - Energy - Communication - Transportation • Enclaves of Wealth - Shopping Malls - Tourist Areas - Gated Communities • Informal Occupation of the land and Informal Construction with increased risks • Multiple unused assets - Underutilized Natural Resources 55

Project Outcomes 56

This section documents the project and proposal outcomes of the 5 Design Labs.

Emergency Cores Lab

WHY SHIPPING CONTAINERS? They are readily available building material that is:

- MODULAR - PREFAB - AVAILABLE - AFFORDABLE - ADAPTABLE - EXPANDABLE - EASILY MOVABLE

EMERGENCY CORES

We imagine that the emergency cores can populate the Island: 60

- availability of surplus containers - tranportability as containers (via ship, trailer, or helicoper) - with quick assembly (with readily available components) - where needed and as needed (temporary or permanently) - flexibility with specific program and/or mixes of programs (base module + kit of parts) - relevantly with the ability to transform over time (pre/during/post storm) - in partnership with local communities groups, donors, and private enterprises (maintenance and deployment) - existance of individual enterprises that could produce them on site - the modules can be easily installed in assciation with Community Center and Schools

Dynamo Models

Type 1: Logistics Unit

Type 2: Community Information Center Unit Type 3: Sanitation Unit Type 4: Energy and Communication Unit The containers can be adapted to perform the needed response elements. The Lab generated 5 different function prototypes that can be combined accordingly to needs. The Base Prototypical Container Module includes:

- End of life shipping container that is upcycled (minimally modified) - Solar Energy (storage and distribution) - Water Collection (storage and filtration) - Interior Fitting System (Rail system that received panel types per program) - Storage (emergency goods and supplies) - Foundation (options for various terrain and surfaces)

Type 5: Medical Unit Type 6: Mixite Unit 61

BASE UNIT COMPONENTS EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

TYPICAL PANELS

T-SLOT RAIL & PANEL SYSTEM KIT OF PARTS

ENERGY DETAIL

Construction details are prototypical for the different containers.

Type 1

Logistics Unit (for inaccessible areas to assess and distribute supplies)

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

Model view of Logistic Unit and components

Rendering of Logistic Unit

Type 2

Community Information Center Unit (insurance claims, education)

Community Centers PROGRAM DIAGRAM

The Community Center acts as an area where locals can obtain information about their neighborhood and love ones after a natural disaster, they work as a safe place for those who are affected. At the same time, residents are able to get information about the location of other Emergency Cores. The center provides useful material and tools to local residents for small construction, and it can be used as a Community Center before an emergency by providing workshops to prepare the community.

SECTIONS

FRONT ELEVATION 79

CENTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ASSEMBLY 80

Rendering of Community Information Center Unit

Type 3

Sanitation Unit

(restrooms, personal hygiene, laundry)

PLAN

SECTION

Water Filtration

Laundry Facilities

Sinks

Showers

Toilets 87

Rendering of the Sanitation Unit

Type 4

Energy & Communication Unit (charging, internet hotspot, solar kit distribution)

ENERGY ELEVATION

ENERGY CALCULATIONS

Rendering of the Energy and Communication Unit

Type 5

Medical Unit

(health assessment, treatement & wellness)

MEDICAL UNIT EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

100

MEDICAL UNIT ASSEMBLY

101

MEDICAL UNITS PANELS TYPES

102

Rendering of the Medical Unit

103

Rendering of the Medical Unit

104

105

106

Type 6

A Total Mixite

(interchangeable panels can receive to achieve mutiple programs)

107

Named Community DINAMOS, these cores would be located in 100 locations in various configurations accros the Island as part of the proposed network of C.U.O.R.E. Community Centers. Rendering of the Sanitation Unit combined with existing buildings

108

TIMELINE BEFORE | DURING | AFTER STORM

109

TIMELINE BEFORE | DURING | AFTER STORM

110

TIMELINE BEFORE | DURING | AFTER STORM

111

112

Vacant-Abandoned Buildings Lab

113

Aerial view of San Juan A place where I can walk While there is a shortage of sturdy homes, there is an abundance of unused residential, commercial, hotels and industrial structures.

Identified concentration of abandoned buildings

114

Avenida Ponce de Leon As a strategy for the renewal and growth of Santurce, the lab identified the Ponce de Leon Avenue as being an important historical street, but with some problems...

115

Identified abandoned structures

Abandoned Properties

116

Boarded closed storefronts

117

Scaled properties and Architecture with Art Deco character

118

119

Analysis of

120

121

Areas of Interest

122

Three Strategies for Santurce Revitalization

123

124

125

126

Reuse and Reforestation

127

Reinhabitaiting the Roofs

128

Street Rehabilitation Proposal along Expressway Roman Baldorioty de Castro

Jaime Benitez (Condado Lagoon)

129

130

Indentifying areas to reintroduce parks and vegetation

131

132

133

134

Department of Health Proposal

*See additional proposals by the University of Florida, page 135

Rendering from Avenida Ponce de Leon

136

137

Ponce de Leon Avenue

Throughout the Ponce de Leon Ave.the lab identified the Centro de Bellas Artes as the most adequate site for its proposal. The area is surrounding by vacant spaces and important buildings. Where the protagonist of the area is the car, the mayority of the space is characterized by parking lots and multilevel parking garages with long routes of access, and the existance of available land. 138

Intervention Location

Street Sections

139

Connecting Places ...what else could it be rather than a place for the community

140

Circulation & Transportation Analysis

141

Site Analysis

Unused Buildings Mapping

Vegetation Mapping

142

Building Heights

143

Mater Plan Proposal Green Areas Hardscape Areas Pedestrian Access Vehicular Circulation

144

Mater Plan Proposal

The Park

Plaza of the Arts

Plaza of the Museum

Plaza of the People

The Little Plaza and Gastronomic Plaza

The Central Plaza

145

Main Plaza & Stage

146

Artistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Residences

Colonnade of the Arts

Street Section

Ponce de Leon Avenue

147

La Goyco

Community Hub Prof. Nathaniel Fuster (Thesis Director) - UPR

148

Urban Seggregation

149

La Goyco | Flashback

150

Resilience

151

Landscape Considerations

152

Landscape Considerations

153

Programatic Proposal

154

155

Open Plaza/Courtyard View

156

Main Entrance View

157

158

Residential Resiliency: Public Housing + Informal Modalities Lab

159

160

Jose Llorens Torres, Laguna and Playita, Mending the Territory within Two Urban Patches

161

Redifinding Housing Connectivity

Demarcation

Stiching

Given the fragmentation of San Juan in segregated neighborhoods, the residents have become incresingly isolated by the highway construction from the urban fabric. This projects propose the bridging of the barriers and the intregration of social facilities in the area through a series of interventions in the areas of Playita, Laguna and Luis Llorens Torres.

More integrated community

162

Defyning Strategies of Integration

Relocation of Playita Settlements

Decontracturing Calle Laguna

Redifying Courtyards and Public Space, Rebuilding the Sense of Community

Exchange and Activation through Enhanced Connections

163

Housing Typologies Study Housing typologies in the Northern Areas of San Juan.

Informal Settlements Single Family + Condos + Hotels Mixed Use Public Housing

164

Housing Typologies Study

Formal Housing Public Housing | Luis Llorens Torres Informal Settlements | La Playita

165

Existing Conditions Images of the Expressway Roman Baldorioty de Castro as an urban barrier for pedestrian circulation and Community integration.

166

Aerial images of La Playita taken on March 2017, 5 months after Hurricane Maria hit, showing the extent of blue tarps.

Area of Laguna / Shanghai Area of La Playita

167

Master Plan Proposal Residential Luis Llorens Torres, La Playita and Villa Palmeras

168

La Playita Proposal

Flooding Projections for Playita Area

169

Calle Laguna Proposal

Relacation of La Playita Community Plans and Sections of Residential Proposal Units

170

Calle Laguna Housing Units Axonometric

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Pergolas Green Roof TESLA Smooth Solar Panels Modular Frames

Public

Wooden Shutters / Brise Solei Door Pent House Unit

Private

Single Family Unit Structural Frame Connecting Pathway

171

Calle Laguna Housing Units Exterior Views

172

Residencial Luis Llorens Torres Existing Conditions

Parking Areas Educational Facilities Churches Hospital Sport Courts

Built in 1953, the Residencial Luis Llorens Torres was originally designed with 2,610 units and later remodeled to accommodate bigger families, increasing the unit size to 3 and 4 bedrooms while reducing the number of units to 2,570. Inhabited by over 8,000 people, the gated community offers a hospital, 3 school, commercial and retail space, sport courts, 2 churches and a vast amount of parking and open space between the buildings. 173

Residencial Luis Llorens Torres Typical Unit Plans

Unit Plan and Fascade The plans present the typical 2/1 floor plan and overall fascade configuration of the buildings.

Abandoned Units Occupied Units

174

Luis Llorens Torres Proposal

Proposed Public Plazas Abandoned Commercial and Educational Facilities Parking Existing Commercial and Educational Facilities New Commercial Strip Main N-S Green Corridor + Connection to Shanghai and Playita New Service Road

The Lab presents a design that aims to confront some of the social, economic and infrastructural problems of the community. The proposal investigate the units that were designed to be a temporary solution for housing and have in fact resulted in permanent housing.

New Recycling Centers

175

Residencial Luis Llorens Torres New Commercial Strip in Calle Loiza

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Good fences make good neighborsâ&#x20AC;?.

Robert Frost

Loiza Street new commercial development Designed as an open community, LLT lost its porosity in the 1970â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s due to high crime and violence rates. The Lab aims to bring back the original idea. The existing fence is reimagined as a new commercial strip managed by the community and providing employment opportunities for residents. In collabotation with the Emergency Core Lab, the new commercial strip was enviosioned as an arrange of designed shipping containers that will activate the street edge with new commercial spaces and public plazas. 176

Residencial Luis Llorens Torres Redifiying Public Space | The Courtyard

The project proposes the creation of elevated public plazas within each block recognizing the importance to peaceful co-existence and community involvement. The introduction of the courtyard brings the idea of a space that could also be used as a safe haven in case of an emergency, that function as water retention cisterns and power hubs for the community in the case of a natural disaster. 177

Residencial Luis Llorens Torres Water Management

A water collection network of 2 main systems will accomodate excess rainfall during storm events and rainy season. One system will collect water from roofs, while the other one will aid on the draingage from run offs in the case of flooding. Cisterns will be divided for daily and emergency use. Daily use cisterns will provide water for irrigation, laundry and toilet flushing. While the Emergency cisterns will aid the daily use in the case of exessive rain fall. Cisterns will be located under the new courtyards.

178

Residencial Luis Llorens Torres Solar Power Generation

With the availability of flat roofs in the community, LLT could power itself and aid adjacent communities in the case of an emergency.

800,000 sq.ft. of flat surface as a possible creation of a Solar Panel Field 179

Luis Llorens Torres

Reuse of Abandoned School as a Multi Use Building Reuse of an abandoned school as a community center year long, while also equipped as a shelter refuge for natural disasters.

180

Luis Llorens Torres

Library | Telecommunication Hub | Energy Center The projects proposes the rehabilitation of existing facility into a Cultural Center / Library for the Community, equipped with telecommunication infrastructure to secure communication during and after natural disasters. The Center will be equipped with a heliport that will remain lit during emergencies as a signal of hope and available resources for neighboring communities in need.

181

Luis Llorens Torres

Library | Telecommunication Hub | Energy Center

Can Llorens be the rescue and emergency center that could aid the adjacent communities? Night view of the Telecommunication Hub and lit Heliport

Is it possible to turn this preconception of â&#x20AC;&#x153;the largest housing project in the countryâ&#x20AC;? into a morale-building information?

182

Laguna de los Corozoz Proposal Green Buffer Plan

Together with the relocation of settlements in risk prone areas, the project proposes the biodiversity restoration of Laguna Los Corozos with the creation of a buffer green area that envisions the replantation of mangroves and vegetation that will allow the purification of the Lagoon. The buffer area will be developed as a park along the water edge with boardwalks and piers for the community to enjoy.

1. Head Start School 2. Agricultural Area 3. Fishing Pier 4. Softball Park 5. Lagoon Los Corozos 6. Church 7. Forest / Park 183

Laguna de los Corozoz Proposal Green Buffer Perspective

Section of boardwalk at Lagoon margin

184

Pedestrian Bridge Proposal Connecting Communities Across

In order to connect the neighborhoods across the Expressway, the lab identified 3 main focuses for pedestrian crossing that give access to commercial and social facilities.

185

Pedestrian Bridge Proposal Perspectives

Bridges renderings

186

187

188

From Mountain to Floodplains Lab

189

190

191

192

193

194

Selected Communities Studied and Site Assessments

195

Strategies

Water Management Options for Adaptation of River Basin

196

Case Study 1 El Dorado, PR

Protection Case Study 1: Dorado Puerto Rico - River Levee

197

Case Study 2 Villa Barcelona, PR

Protection Case Study 2: Vila Barcelona Puerto Rico - Levee Surrounding Communities

198

Protection and Adaptation Strategies for Rio Grande de Loiza River Basin Studied Communities

199

Summary of Project Opportunities and Objectives

200

Re_Start Loiza Existing Conditions

Re_Start Loiza

201

Opportunities

202

Loiza Master Plan Proposal

203

Storm Water Management Plan

204

Loiza neighborhood Hub Operations

Daily Use Hub Plan

Emergency Use

Hub Plan 205

Loiza Neighborhood Hub Normal Operations

North South Elevation

206

Detail Plan

Loiza Neighborhood Hub Emergency Operations

North South Elevation

Detail Plan

207

Aerial Loiza Civic Hub

208

Loiza Civic Hub and Coastal Wetlands Master Plan

209

Loiza Civic Hub

Detail Plan of Public Plaza and Boardwalk

210

Loiza Civic Hub

North South Elevations: Commercial and Public Plaza

211

Loiza Civic Hub

North South Elevations: Residential and Cultural Center

212

Loiza Civic Hub

Partial North South Section through Public Plaza and Cultural Center

213

Loiza Civic Hub Aerial View

214

215

Loiza Civic Hub

Perspective View Public Plaza

216

Re_Start San Isidro Existing Conditions

217

Opportunities

218

San Insidro Community Current Conditions

219

San Insidro Community FEMA Floodplan

220

San Insidro Community Mater Plan Adaptation Proposal

221

Re_Start Cubuy Existing Conditions

222

Opportunities

223

224

Cubuy Master Plan Proposal

225

Aerial of Existing Conditions

226

Aerial View of Proposal

227

Aerial View Looking South

228

Aerial View Looking North

229

Master Plan: Daily Use (Normal Operations)

230

Master Plan: Daily Use (Emergency Operations)

231

North - South Section Elevation

232

Daily Use (Normal Operations) Agricultural Center

233

Aerial View Agricultural Center

234

Aerial View Agricultural Center

235

236

Lab Director: Anna Irene del Monaco - U. of La Sapienza Team Leaders: Gentucca Canella - Politechnic of Torino Nathaniel Fuster - University of Puerto Rico Consultants: Dr. Samuel QuiĂąones - Director of General Archies and National Library of Puerto Rico Prof. Martha Kohen - University of Florida Dr. Edwin Melendez - Director Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Chairholder Students: Rachel Yeana Chon | Rosa La Brocca | Alfonso Longo | Giulia Marasca | Claudia Miconi | Victor Perez Andino | Luis Antonio Rodriguez | Matteo Toscano | Irene Turchetti | James Rivera | Maurizio Zerella | Ana G. Villamizar Rodriguez

Untapped Economic Opportunities Lab

237

Untapped Economic Development Opportunities

Given Puerto Ricoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sustained contracted economy, there is need for innovative think tanks to see how we can revive the Islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s financial challenge. Puerto Rico has many underutilized serviced facilities as well as many potential attractions that are need of attention. The 10-yr exodus of the residents has left the Island in a precarious state. What kind of destination can Puerto Rico become? Can it become a viable alternative for people who would like to return to the Island? Could it become a snowbird destination? Can the Diaspora become a cultural tourism driver? The Lab explored the various opportunities in unused industrial buildings, dismissed military bases, abandoned buildings and under used infrastructural assets.

238

Agricultural and Industrial Analysis Island wide

The Lab proposes re-activate agricultural and bio-tech industry, abandoned infrastructures tracks, and collaborative educational facilities. 239

Case Study: Prescedent Analysis Cedric Price - Thinkbelt Pottery 1963-66

In the Thinkbelt, Price outlined an ambitious project for a centre of higher education among the coal fields of Staffordshire. These pits originally served ceramics factories throughout the region but, by the early 1960s, had fallen into disuse â&#x20AC;&#x201C; de-industrialisation came early to the Potteries.

240

Infrastructure and Transportation Analysis Island wide

The Lab proposes enhancing tourism and activate fishery, reactivate abandoned infrastructure and the implementation of projects. 241

The labs focused on 2 opportunity areas: The potential of the underutilized existing Tren Urbano, and the surrounding areas associated with the Convention Center.

242

Tren Urbano Proposal San Juan

The Lab explores how to increase density on vacant land sorrounding the station while providing affordable housing for new residents.

243

Project Area

PiĂąero Station Area

244

Neighborhood Analysis and Proposal Piñero Station Area

Station PIÑERO aerial view

Vacant land

Green Corridor to the Station

245

Tren Urbano Dense Community Hypothesis

246

Hypothesis 1

Mid Density Proposal

Parking, Middle Class, Housing, Co-Working and Commercial

247

Case Study: Prescedent Analysis

Villaggio Matteotti (Terni), 1969 - 1974, Giancarlo De Carlo One of the most remarkable example of â&#x20AC;&#x153;participatory architectureâ&#x20AC;? in Italy based on the necessity to design the public space toghether with the domestic space. The project is coinceived as a whole organism of housing unit, public, semi-public, private path interconnected. Each dwelling has vegetable garden, leisure facilities, educational activities, roof garden.

248

Hypothesis 1

Housing Typologies - Mixed Use Proposal

249

Hypothesis 1

Housing Configuration

250

House rendering 251

Hypothesis 2

High Density Proposal

Parking, Middle Class, Housing, Co-Working and Commercial

252

Case Study: Prescedent Analysis

Lijnbaan (Rotterdam), 1951 - 1953, Bakema & Van den Broeke

Unlike the traditional Dutch shopping street, dwelling and office space were not placed above the shops but behind them in separate blocks. The street profile, rather than being tall and narrow is accordingly low and broad.

253

Hypothesis 2

Housing Typologies - Mixed Use Proposal

254

Hypothesis 2

Housing Configuration

255

Expo Rico Proposal San Juan

Reconsidering the vacant land opportunities around the Convention Center.

256

Expo Rico Proposal Project Area

The proposal intales the possibility of establishing as a Trade Fair Area for the Caribbean EXPO - RICO in association with the Convention Center and the existing hotel infrastructure.

257

Aerial View Site Conditions

Aerial view of the Convention Center and hotel infrastructure. The vacant land in the NW of the Convention Center is evident.

258

Master Plan Guidelines Concept

259

Site Conditions Before

260

Site Conditions After

261

Master Plan Proposal Site Plan

262

Master Plan Proposal Sections

263

Proposal

Axonometric Views

264

Perspective Views The Hanger

Render of the Reception Center

265

Perspective Views The Pavilions

266

267

Follow up activities

• Post Factum Addenda • Conferences • Joint Studios • Research Projects • Local Authorities presentation • Prototype Development • Proceedings • Publications • Data Bank • Researchers Network

268

269

270

Post Factum Addenda University of Florida

271

272

CityLab Orlando - SoA - UF Graduate 2 Studio Stephen Bender

The Studio proposed residential groupings in the areas of the Island where losses of housing unites were detected, with the intention to relocate in palce and create new Puerto Rican village typologies that will also address sustainable strategies at the collective housing level. Housing program have developed innovative approaches responding to the current society needs detected in the Island, for instance, elder population growth associated with young children.

273

City-Lab Orlando

Spring 2018 - Graduate II Studio Citylab – Orlando

Topics/Site/Statements

Order

Subject Category

Map Number

NAME

CITY

SITE

CLIENT

urban recovery

Graham Oakley

San Juan

Martin Peña Neighborhood

Low Income, Small families

urban recovery

Daniela Coppola

San Juan

Old San Juan

urban recovery

Joe Westcott

San Sebastian

Areas outside of floodway near the city

Families residing in the floodway

Relocating and rehousing flood-prone areas by repairing and extending the livability of communities.

housing for needs

Maria Victoria Marchelli

Utuado

Between Highway 10 and Antigua PR10

Farmers and Urbanización San Martin

Relocating endangered farming settlements with flood-prone housing by proposing desirable redevelopment of suitable lands along safe road infrastructure.

housing for needs

Eliane Garbero

Palmarejo/Lajas

Old field land at the base of the hills

Grandfamilies

Affordable and sustainable communities for grandfamilies (housing, urban farm, school, retail/groceries and recreational areas).

housing for needs

Natalia Aguzino

Caguas

Rio Grande Dear Loiza at the edge of Caguas

Adults 18-23

Creating educational opportunity and collaborative context for in a living environment for young adults near the river.

housing for needs

Peyton Westcott

Naranjito

Next to abandoned agricultural buildings

Orphanage

formalizing the informal

Giselle Holz

Canóvanas

Villa Hugo 1&2 + Valle Hill (San Isidro)

formalizing the informal

Dayana De Abreu

Naranjito

"El Cerro"

Community of "El Cerro"

formalizing the informal

Anthony Romero

Old San Juan

La Perla adjacent to cemetery

Low income families

Creating connection to the formal city with systems of resilience to avoid displacements in La Perla.

formalizing the informal

Sabrina D Bogus

Hormigueros

Base of hills above flood zone AE near San Romualdo

Low income students

Learning from existing settlements to create foundation to formal developments above flood zone AE near San Romualdo.

formalizing the informal

Stanley Liu

Utuado

Agricultural mountainsides

Coffee Farmers

formalizing the informal

Cesar Aramburo

Trujillo Alto

Loiza River Lake

Low income families informally settling in hills

Midterm Critics

274

Spring 2018 Final Review

Fred Fernandez Lance Burguiere Mary Moltzan Claudia Ray

Senior Designer, Forum Architecture Project Captain, Forum Architecture Principal and Partner, Charlan Brock & Associates Urban Designer and Planner, GIA Consultants, Inc.

STATEMENT Adapting edges of the city by introducing dwelling structures of uniform scale and clarity.

Invigorating old San Juan by redesigning the traditional building type and Workforce families living outside block with affordable housing to draw workforce families now living of the city outside of the city.

Reviving productive lands and agricultural structures in the hands of children by creating an argi-orphanage.

Community Villa Hugo and Valle Rearranging the density of informal settlements Hill to avoid flooding while Hill maintaining community in Villa Hugo and Valle. Reinforcement and renovation of the informal fabric as a way of (salvaging), improving the community of "El Cerro".

Encouraging new settlement patterns for low-income families using sustainable housing along the river's wetland edge. Encouraging new settlement patterns using sustainable housing along the river's wetland edge.

Studio Projects

Spring 2018 - Graduate II Studio This studio explores the role of architecture in recovery; specifically, through housing. No architecture has a more direct effect on human health and spirit. No other architecture does more to unite or divide us. Housing for all is necessary to create a safe, thriving, productive world. We explore concerns of infrastructure, settlement, environmental, economic, ecological, and human sustainability. We explore housing from three perspectives: 1. 2. 3.

Formalizing Informal Settlements Housing for Needs Urban Recovery

We look at urban, suburban, and rural contexts to best understand the conditions and needs. These sites are chosen by seeking collisions of opportuntiy and disaster in post-Maria Puerto Rico. The size of these projects varies. We are so far concentrating on the unit, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tectonic composition and how it interacts with the site(s) to create community. There is no predetermined size for the projects. Some will be fairly intimate but replicable (prototypical) Some require larger numbers of units to create a landscape or urban impact.

275

Overall Studio Models Spring 2018 - Graduate II Studio

276

277

Water Heart

A Restorative and Emergency Shelter Sandra Marano Graduate II - Spring 2018

278

279

Water Heart

A Restorative and Emergency Shelter Maria Victoria Marchelli Graduate II - Spring 2018

280

(48 ft)

(24,30 ft)

(66,30 ft)

(48 ft)

(66,30 ft)

281

282

University of Florida - SoA Undergraduate D6 Studio Prof. Martha Kohen Architecture design studio 6 - 2018 at the School of Architecture - University of Florida participated in the Puerto Rico Re_ Start Workshop. The projects in the historic district engaged the City of San Juan. Students performed an urban alnalysis of the urban area of Santurce and indetified 2 abandoned structures among the 44,000 exisitng in the municipality. One of the structures is a steel tower parking garage left unfinished by the 2008 financial crisis adjacent to another abandoned 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office building. The second location is a 1910 colonial style classical building on the main Ponce de Leon historic throâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;fear. Both offered different challenges for the reimagination of their reuse. Having traveled to San Juan for the Workshop, students were able to visit the sites, obtain documental information and propose alternatives programs towards the recovery of the area.

283

284

Site 1 - Santurce, San Juan 306 Calle Condado

Abandoned Parking Complex

285

Water Heart

A Restorative and Emergency Shelter James Rivera Undergrad D6 - Spring 2018

286

287

Young Entrepreneur’s Business Center George Seits

Undergrad D6 - Spring 2018

306 Calle Condado’s abandoned parking complex offers a unique opportunity for an intervention, as a framework already exists, abandoned and awaiting development in both the garage and the adjacent building. The bare bones steel and concrete construction of the garage shows the space’s strength with exposed floors and rigid X-beam supports, a feature that will be kept prominent through development. Space for parking and a future park exist in adjacent lots as well, providing great lines of sight from the garage. A project within the garage would serve as an economic stimulant for the area; creating jobs, inspiring youth, and reinvigorating tourism. The connected building would be an extension of the business oriented garage, with meetings rooms, office space, and storefronts available to assist any fledgling businesses. The Center is an investment in Puerto Rico’s future, providing a nest for local ideas and creative individuals to meet and reach their fullest potential. Private spaces are provided for meetings or classes, and semi-public marketplaces for local craftsmen and merchants to market their goods. The former vehicle ramp of the parking garage has been converted to an attractive marketplace walk, taking tourists and patrons from the ground floor in a spiral to the roof. Within the center of the garage, a column rises to compliment the stacked spaces and enclose vertical circulation. In addition, the topmost and lowest spaces have been converted to public spaces, open to all citizens of San Juan. Two connections stem from the garage and lead into the building, where service spaces such as restrooms are available. The constructions form a corner for the created urban park to nestle, leading pedestrians off the street and under the garage with a consistent ground. 288

289

290

Site 2 - Santurce, San Juan 1313 Avenida Ponce de Leon

Abandoned Health Department Complex

291

Santurce Linear Park Rachel Chon

Undergrad D6 - Spring 2018

The current urban, linear space will become a park that will extend along the NE and SW axis of Cll Dos Hermanos, starting from the Santurce Farmers Market through the site and Calle del Carmen. Further reaching through Av. Manuel Fernandez Juncos and ultimately arriving at the Instituto Loiza Cordero. The main goal is to reveal a green space in public lands that runs from the Santurce Farmers Market to the lot north of the Instituto Loiza Cordero, echoing the density and activity of the commercial axis of Calle Condado, unifying the currently fragmented axis. This extended green space will function as a culturally rich, relaxing area open to the community. The existing structure will become a community center that houses conncessions and restaurants on the first floor and flexible recreational spaces on the second. The linear park will allow residents who live south of the site to cross through the green space arriving to the commercial zones of Avenida Ponce de Leรณn. The proposal aims to bridge multiple zones within Santurce to create a linear sanctuary using the preexisting landscape and mature trees on the site. Surrounded by commercial infrastructure, this area will become heavily occupied and lively, encouraging businesses to invest in Avenida Ponce de Leรณn, Calle Figueroa, Av. Manuel Fernandez Juncos, and Calle las Palmas; thereby raising the safety and socioeconomic status of the community.

292

293

The Inhibitor

Reuse Explorations Maria Sofia Garcia Undergrad D6 - Spring 2018

Working on the problem of urban contingency, The Inhibitor proposes an adaptively reuse of an abandoned existing service building within the confines of a city block in Santurce, Puerto Rico. The architectural elements are aligned to the grid and creates a connection between Avenida Ponce de Leon and Calle del Carmen. To remember, educate, prevent and enrich are the main focuses of this intervention. To remember what happened in the pass with Hurricane Irma and Maria and how the island was affected with them. To educate the community in order to prevent any more natural disasters by providing lectures and workshops about natural storms and accessible construction methods that prevent tragedies. The project aims to enrich the community in the topic of natural disaster and prepare them with all the resources required to prevent a tragedy. At the end, the project is looking to transform the situation Puerto Rico is facing now and fully embracing what it might become in the future.

294

295

Santurce Current Student: Luke Davis

Undergrad D6 - Spring 2018

Purposing to reinvigorate the community of Santurce, a district of San Juan, Puerto Rico, the Santurce Current will bring new life possibilities in a post Disaster setting. Rebranding and injecting a new program in an abandoned building, bringing in space for the residents to gather, host events, learn, and celebrate will recharge this community struggling to move on. Keeping half of the existing building and pairing it with this new construction that acts a a monumental symbol for resilience and change, while celebrating the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s past as well. The building is formed from a linear programmatic design that twists responding to the two different programs, Exhibition and office space. This twist in form allows the exhibition space to make up the horizontal part of the building and the office space to be located in the vertical half. Public space open to the street is created after bending the building at a ninety degree angle.

296

297

Projects in Development Undergraduate D6 Studio

Prof. Martha Kohen

Visit us at www.puertoricorestart.org Contact us at puertoricorestart@gmail.com

ÂŠ