MAGAZINE The ultimate magazine for curious young mind ! October 2O22 LOTS TO READ : LOADS TO LOOK AT : ASK THE EXPERTS : QUIZ : JOKES : AND MORE! PUZZLES!JUMBO ANIMALS!ORIGAMIAMAZINGFACTS!772755 9131001 10> 772755 9131001 10> ISSN 2755-1318 britannicamagazine.co.uk£5.99
6 SNAP
12 LISTIFIED
Discover nine unusual things that happen to astronauts’ bodies in space. Plus, find out about 1O common types of cloud and how to spot them.
Page 14 Page 1O Page 8 Page 4 Page 16 2
Eye-popping photos to amuse and amaze. Including a hair-raising moment at the BMX World Cup and a giant rubber duck on the loose in Hong Kong.
FACTOPIA
CONTENTS A wild youworldwonderfulandawaitsinside!
4
1O EUREKA! Fascinating inventions and acoinsandcontrolledIncludingdiscoveries.aremote-cockroachapotofgoldfoundbeneathfamilykitchen!
Follow the trail of hilarious illustrations and crazily connected facts. All the way from a gross museum full of brains… to the last Egyptian pharaoh! IT!
the eureka moments that shaped the SECOND things happen each
Startling facts
3O DO IT YOURSELF
A special jumbo edition featuring a sports Word Search, Spot the NumbertheMorphs,Space-Doku!,Difference,WordConnectPlanetsandTriangles!
Page 27Page 14 Page 29 Page 12
Email us your letters, photos and favourite facts to: comeditor@britannicamagazine. write to us at: Britannica Magazine Black Barn
How to create brilliant paper animals.
The
Your chance to test Britannica’s brilliant experts. This month’s answers include how to start a conversation with your cat and the longest-reigning kings and queens in history.
28 THE BIG BRITANNICA QUIZ
Astonishing
Find out which planet could join you in the bath in the Illustrated Fact of the Month. Plus, check out the
27
24 EVERYTHING!ABSOLUTELY
second! 22 THINGSHOWINFOGRAPHIC:MUCHDOWEIGH?
ASK THE EXPERTS
26 MY BRITANNICA
Our epic serialisation of the true history of the universe continues with a trip back to the ruledgiantPeriod,Carboniferousatimewhendragonfliestheskies!
35 JOKES & RIDDLES
Hand-picked by our jokes editor May.
modern world. 21 EVERY
32
Or
Stretch your brain power with our brilliantly tricky quiz.
that
about some dumperandobjects,heavyweightfromplanestrainstoagianttruck. 14 FASCINATING FACTS ABOUT OCTOBER Celebrate 1O originsbeardaaevents,anniversarieshistoricandincludingrecord-breakingrun,famoushistoricalandtheofHalloween. 16 COVER FEATURE: 25 INVENTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD! Take a ingenuityofthroughjourneythousandsyearsofhumanaswerevisit
PUZZLES & GAMES
Wickhurst TN11KentTonbridgeFarm8PS
latest letters and photos from readers.
SEND IT IN!
around the world
Follow the trail of crazily connected facts all the way from a gross museum full of brains to… the last Egyptian pharaoh!
A servedrestauranthospital-themedinLatviafoodshaped like body parts – including tongues, eyeballs and ears
By Kate Hale and Paige Towler Illustrations by Andy Smith
The Mütter Museum in
At
body,partsmeaning1,3OOfeaturesPennsylvania,Philadelphia,USA,morethan‘wetspecimens’,preservedofthehumansuchas hearts, brains, stomach organs and more 4
one train station in Japan, a pet cat serves as the stationmaster Cats can turn rats and mice into zombies thanks to a parasite in their poo. When the parasite enters a mouse’s brain, it causes the rodent to lose its fear of cats and become attracted to cat pee
was athedepictedoftenwithheadoflioness
At a zombie-themed restaurant in Iowa, USA, diners can order burgers with spooky names – previous specials featured gory-looking toppings such as pasta with tomato sauce, baked beans and ‘zombie sauce’
EgyptiantheSekhmet,ancient goddess
5
According to ’8Os popular tozombiesculture,eatbrains‘ numb the pain’ of being undead of war,
The Egyptian pharaoh Cleopatra lived closer in time to the year the first Pizza Hut opened than the year the Great Pyramid at Giza was completed!
The cat’snamescientificforawhiskers is vibrissae Big cats – such as lions, tigers and jaguars – can’t purr
The voodoo wasp lays its eggs inside the body of a caterpillar. When the larvae hatch, they take over the caterpillar’s mind in order to force it to protect them, turning it into a zombie
For fun, one chemist designed a recipe for a perfume intended to smell like rotting flesh. It’s meant to hide the wearer from zombies.
WHAT GOES UP…
6
PHOTOS
WOAH!
These three bike riders are racing in the BMX World Cup in Arnhem in the Netherlands. The rider in the middle is Britain’s Paddy Sharrock. As you can see, he’s about to come back to Earth with a bump!
!
7
Astonishing photos from around the world
ALL ABOARD!
A MIGHTY DUCK
As their name suggests, European toads can be spotted in lots of places asthemEurope.throughoutLookoutforingardensatnight,thisiswhentoadsaremost active.
OOF!
PRINCESSFLOWER
This photo was taken by a flyingdronehigh in the sky above a park in China. The garden covers more than 3,OOO square metres and uses a clever arrangement of colourful plants to create a living portrait of the Princess Taiping, a real Chinese princess who lived in the 8th Century CE.
DRONE PHOTO YANG
PHOTOS 8
This giant rubber duck is floating in a harbour in Hong Kong in Asia. Created by Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman, the duck is 16.5 metres tall and takes a full 3O minutes to inflate!
AWARDS 2O22 / JINGKUN
9
GET INTO THE GROOVE!
The USA,inforcanwhichWave,youvisityourselfArizona,isone
of the world’s oldest rock formations. It is thought to have formed during the Jurassic Period – when the dinosaurs were alive! – as desert sand dunes were slowly crushed together to form striped layers of sandstone rock. The sandstone was then gradually worn down by water to form a U-shape.
! WOW!
The latest breakthroughs.anddiscoveries,astonishinginventionsscientific
backpack to the upper section of the cockroach’s body. The backpack was very light so it did not weigh the cockroach down too much or restrict its movement. The backpack contains a wireless control module, which is what allows the researchers to control the movementscockroach’sremotely,in the same way that you might control a drone or remotecontrolled toy car. The backpack is also connected
The team from Riken Cluster for Pioneering Research in Tokyo used Madagascan hissing cockroaches, which are between five and eight centimetres long and are known for their loud, snakelike hiss. First, the scientists fitted a thin electronic
This awesome image shows the gas giant Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. You might not have recognised it at first because of Jupiter’s colouring, which is blue and cyan instead of the more familiar orange and red. This is because the image was taken by an infrared camera on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the most powerful space telescope ever built.
Since infrared light is invisible to human eyes, scientists have converted the infrared image into colours we can see. For example, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, a famous storm so big it could swallow Earth, appears white here because it reflects lots of infrared light.
Wireless control module and battery
A team of scientists in Japan has created the first cyborg cockroaches, which are part real insect and part machine and can be operated by remote control.
cellSolarElectronicbackpackenergy 10
Can remote-controlled cockroaches save the day?
to a rechargeable battery and solar energy cell, which provides power wherever the cockroach goes.
The research is still in its early stages, but the scientists hope that one day large numbers of remote-controlled insects could be used inmissionssearch-and-rescueandtoexplore environments that would be dangerous for humans to enter.
Jupiter as you’ve never seen it before!
Eureka!
builders dug into the concrete beneath the kitchen they hit what they thought was an electrical cable. In fact, they had accidentally found an earthenware cup (pictured right) about the size of a fizzy drinks can, which, to their amazement, was filled with 264 historic gold coins!
A chimpanzee drumming on the base of a tree in Uganda.
Imagine waking up one day and finding a pot of valuable gold coins buried right beneath your kitchen. That’s exactly what happened to a couple from Ellerby, a village in North Yorkshire, England, in 2019.
NEWS
The lucky discovery came as the couple were in the process of removing and replacing their kitchen floor. As the
Along with theyasclosestchimpanzeesbonobos,arehumans’geneticrelatives.Andwellasbeingintelligent,canalsobehaverather
eco-friendly igus:bike, designed by the German plastics company igus, is an exciting example of recycling’s all-round benefits. As well as helping the environment by reducing the amount of waste plastic, the igus:bike is good news for cyclists because it doesn’t need to be maintained and repaired in the same way
The new eco-bike made from recycled plastic!
The 4OO-year-old gold coins found by accident underneath a kitchen floor!
The gold coins date from
as metal bicycles. This is because the entire igus:bike is made of plastic, including the brakes, gearbox and even the toothed drive-belt that replaces the traditional metal bike chain. No metal parts means no messy oil and no rust, so your plastic bike keeps on going for as long as you can keep pedalling!
One solution is to recycle used plastic instead of throwing it away. The new
Waste plastic is a huge problem for our planet. As well as filling up rubbish dumps all over the world, lots of used plastic ends up polluting the oceans, where it can enter the food chain and pose a deadly threat to marine wildlife.
between 1610, which is not long after the death of Elizabeth I, and 1727. After being carefully cleaned, the coins are now about to be sold at auction, where they are expected to fetch as much as £250,000.
11
like humans, too. For instance, according to new research by scientists at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, chimpanzees like to keep in touch with their friends. While studying a group of chimpanzees in the Budongo rainforest in Uganda the scientists noticed that the chimps would drum out messages to each other on the roots of trees. By comparing the sounds, the researchers realised that each chimpanzee had its own unique drumming style, which told other chimps who was making the beat.
How withstaychimpanzeesdrummingintouchintheirfriends
SOLDATIADRIANSON,ANDSPINKCREDIT:
irresistibleintofactsby(andamazedamused!)theunusualcrammedtheselists.
Lost fingernails
No more snoring!
7
LISTIFIED! 12
2
4 Growth spurt
Because of the lack of gravity in space, your muscles no longer have to work as hard to move your body or, in the case of your heart, pump blood around your vessels.bloodOver time, this makes all the muscles weaker, which is one of the reasons astronauts exercise for around two hours each day. Even so, they can lose up to 30 per cent of their total muscle mass during a long space mission.
When astronauts first reach space, some of them suffer from space sickness, also called ‘Space Adaptation Syndrome’. Symptoms can include headaches and feeling tired or sick. Thankfully, space sickness typically only lasts for a few days.
Puffy head
LISTS
3 visionBlurry
Without gravity to pull bodily fluids such as water and blood downwards, more of these fluids flow to the upper half of the body. This causes an astronaut’s head to become swollen and puffy.*
1 Space sickness
Weaker muscles
Astronauts typically sleep for a shorter amount of time while they’re in space. Their sleep is also shallower and more easily disturbed. Scientists think this may be connected to the lack of gravity or the fact that in space, astronauts don’t experience the usual cycle of night and day.** But there is one positive effect…
Prepare to be
The pressurized air inside a spacesuit makes the rubber inner linings of the gloves hard and stiff, like bicycle tyres. If an astronaut in a spacesuit has to work with their hands for several hours at a time, the constant friction and pressure on the fingertips can cause the fingernails to fall off in a painful condition that is called delamination.
The lack of gravity in space helps air to pass more easily through the mouth, nose and throat.
Nine things that can happen to bodiesastronauts’inspace.
8
The swelling astronauts’of heads also changesslightlythe shape of their eyeballs and optic nerves, which can in turn affect their eyesight. The isn’tchangeusually permanent, but it can take
years for some astronauts’ eyesight to return to normal.
5
6
An bodyastronaut’sgrowsaround 5 centimetres taller while it’s in space. This is because Earth’s gravity is no longer pulling the bones in the spine closer together. Once astronauts return to Earth, they shrink back down to their normal size.
Going into space is amazing – a human experience that is truly out of this world. But space travel also has some strange and interesting effects on the human body, which astronauts prepare and train hard to face before setting off on their great adventures.
BODIESCELESTIAL
Less sleep
An increase of fluid gathering in certain areas of the body fools the brain into thinking that the body is carrying too much water. The body then produces more urine (wee). So, as with long car journeys on Earth, it’s a good idea for astronauts to go to the toilet shortly before lift-off!
3 Cumulus
Altostratus
Bright white on the top and a darker greyish-white underneath, cumulus clouds are the most familiar type of puffy ‘cotton’ clouds.
**On Earth, human sleep patterns are partly controlled by the 24-hour cycle of night and day. In space, the Sun no longer rises and sets once a day, so getting a good ‘night’s’ sleep becomes much more difficult.
2 Cirrus
6 Altocumulus
8Nimbostratus
Similar in shape to flatter,clouds,cumulusbutthicker and darker. Stratocumulus clouds are usually close together with very little blue sky between them.
Ten common types of cloud and how to spot them.
4 Stratocumulus
1O Stratus
Cirrus Cirrocumulus
Cumulus
Clouds are formed when water vapour, which is invisible, turns into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. These float in the air as clouds until the droplets or crystals grow large enough to fall to the ground as rain or snow.
These rounded white or grey clouds are often tightly grouped together and look like tufts of wool arranged in a pattern.
You can see plenty of blue sky around cirrus clouds, which are thin, wispy clouds that look a little like brushstrokes, and are found high in the atmosphere. They are the fastest moving of the main cloud types, and are made of ice crystals.
9
If you spot these clouds,lookingthreatening-towerslargeofdarkitisa sign to reach for the umbrella: a storm is approaching.
Found at high altitudes, they take the form of tiny clumps that look a little like confetti. The rarest of the main cloud types as they don’t hang around for long, and often change into cirrus or cirrostratus clouds.
Listified! by outLozanobyillustratedPettieAndrewandAndrésisnow.
7 Cumulonimbus
These subtle clouds cover most or all of the sky like a thin, milky veil.
5 Cirrocumulus
These clouds form a white or grey blanket across the sky. Although patches of blue sky can’t usually be seen when altostratus clouds appear, the Sun is often visible as a dim yellow disc shining through them.
9 Cirrostratus
Covering most or all of the sky, these clouds are featureless and grey. If you’re feeling gloomy, this is the cloud for you.
StratusCumulonimbus
Journey to the Top of the Clouds
This means that people very rarely snore in space.
*To reduce the flow of blood and other bodily fluids from their legs up to the top half of their bodies, astronauts now wear tight restrictive bands around their thighs while they are in space. These special bands are called ‘compression cuffs’.
More wee
1 Altostratus
Nimbus is the Latin word for ‘rain itthesetoskyreacheswetNimbostratuscloud’.cloudsformadarklayer,ratherlikeagreat,blanket,whichacrosstheandisthickenoughhidetheSun.Whencloudsarearoundwillrainalot.
13
1632
Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was born on October 24th. He was the first person to see bacteria and other tiny organisms through a microscope.
14
1959
Because the Moon rotates on its axis as it orbits Earth, we can never see its other side. The first photo of the Moon’s ‘far side’ was taken by the Soviet space probe Luna 3 on October 7th.
2O19 Only one
run a marathon in
hours. thethroughouthishimwhopacesetters,aHeOctoberAustria,featextraordinaryachievedEliudKenyanTheathleteKipchogethisinVienna,on12th.didsowithteamofhelpedmaintainspeedrace.
A group of 33 workers in Chile, South America, were Youryou‘WetheThesafelytheyOctoberdaysstuckminerscollapsed.workingtheyafterundergroundtrappedtheminewereinThewerefor69until,on13th,wereallrescued.messageonflagreads:waitforEsteban,Family’. human has ever under two
1O fascinating facts
2O18
This slightly blurry portrait of a man was entirely created by an AI computer program. AI stands for Artificial Intelligence. Called Edmond de Belamy, it was the first computer-created painting to be sold at auction. It was bought for £324,418 on October 25th.
178Os A poem by Scottish poet Robert Burns popularises the name Halloween for the Hallows’knownpreviouslyOctoberholidayannualon31stasAllEve.
2O1O
1945
2O11
about October…
186O
On October 15th, 11-year-old Grace Bedell wrote to Abraham Lincoln telling him he would look better if he grew a beard. After being elected US president in 1861, Lincoln did just that!
The United Nations, an international organisation promoting global peace and unity, was founded on October 24th. The UN now has 193 member countries.
1959 On research.environmentalaspurposes,foronlythatcountry,bybecouldAntarcticasaidTreaty,AntarctictoTheyAntarctica.futurediscussD.C.,inforcameof15th,Octoberagroup12nationstogetheraconferenceWashingtonUSA,totheofallagreedsignanewwhichthatneverownedjustoneanditcouldbeusedpeacefulsuchscientificand
The global population reached 7 billion for the first time on October 31st. Now, just 11 years later, the total number of people in the world is predicted to exceed 8 billion by the end of 2O22.
15
Human beings are the most ingenious species on the planet. We just can’t stop inventing things! Here we revisit some of history’s biggest eureka moments and see how they shaped our world.
By Lisa Thomas
When: up to 2.3 million years ago.
How it made a difference: The development of farming, which involves taming wild
2 Farming
INVENTIONS
1 Cooking
animals and growing crops to eat, meant that previously nomadic or wandering groups of humans could settle in one place. With more food to eat, tofoodsmakesCookingeasierdigest.
When: 12,000 BCE
How it made a difference: The invention of cooking gave our species a huge evolutionary advantage. This is because cooking foods makes them easier to digest, so that the energy and nutrients they contain are easier for our bodies to absorb. It also helps things taste nice!
1 16
How it made a difference: Writing developed independently in different parts of the world but the oldest written language we know about is Sumerian. It was used in Mesopotamia, in the region of the Middle East where Syria and Iraq are today. Thanks to writing, people could record and share knowledge and wisdom across
When: before 3,500 BCE How it made a difference: We don’t know who made the very the first wheels but can you imagine a world without them? Wheels make it easier to move things and people, and lots of other revolutionary inventions wouldn’t work without them.
both huge distances and time. Even better, writing led (eventually) to the invention of Britannica Magazine!
3 Written language
these settlements grew into villages, towns and cities. The world would never be the same again.
Continued on next pageA tablet inscribed with ancient Sumerian writing.
3
When: 3,200 BCE
4 Wheel
17
7 Firearms
INVENTIONS
How it made a difference: For thousands of years, humans have used the movement of the Sun across the sky to estimate time. The invention of the mechanical weighted clock made time-keeping far more accurate and reliable.
When: 1837
12 Telescope When: 1608
14 Telegraph
How it made a difference: The telegraph made long-distance communication possible by allowing people to send electrical signals through a wire, which a machine then wrote down. It was invented by Sir William Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone.
When: 105 CE
When: around 1440
9 Clock
When: 1275
How it made a difference: The microscope was invented by three Dutch spectacle makers. Using it, scientists discovered a previously unseen world of amoebas, bacteria and other microscopic wonders.
How it made a difference: The steam engine, which uses steam pressure to push a piston back and forth, was developed by Scottish inventor James Watt. It powered machines on farms and in factories and, later, trains.
How it made a difference: The first gun, the fire lance, was also invented in China. It was a tube of bamboo filled with gunpowder that, when lit, shot out a mixture of flames and hard or sharp objects. It was the first of many deadly and dangerous firearms, including the rifle, pistol and machine gun.
When: 10th Century CE
When: around 850 CE
How it made a difference: The invention of the mechanical printing press, by the German printer Johannes Gutenberg, allowed books and other documents to be printed faster and at a fraction of the cost of previous methods. It led to an explosion in publishing, reading and writing.
How it made a difference: The magnetic compass, which always points to the north, was invented by Chinese and European sailors at roughly the same time. With compasses, humans could navigate accurately across unknown lands and seas.
1O Printing press
How it made a difference: Writing things down on clay, stone, silk cloth, parchment or papyrus was difficult, expensive or both. Paper, on the other hand, which was invented in China, made writing far cheaper, easier and more accessible.
13 Steam engine
5 Paper
6 Gunpowder
Continued from previous page GrahamAlexanderinventorbypatentedwhichtelephone,theAbove:firstwasScottishBell.
17 19 18
How it made a difference: Much of what we know about Earth and its place in the universe comes from looking up at the night sky. The telescope, which was invented by Dutch lens maker Hans Lippershey, allowed astronomers to study the stars in new detail.
8 Compass When: 12th Century CE
How it made a difference: Accidentally invented by chemists in China, gunpowder changed the nature of warfare by providing the explosive ingredient of bombs, rockets and other weapons. In a more positive development, gunpowder also led to the invention of fireworks.
When: 1765
When: 1590
11 Microscope
17 Telephone When: 1876
How it made a difference: The discovery of X-rays by German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen transformed medicine by allowing doctors to detect broken bones and other features of the body. Aeroplane
Continued on next page
Left:
How it made a difference: Created by German inventor Nikolaus Otto, the internal combustion engine would
19O3.Decemberflight,poweredmakeWilburplane)isOrvilleLeft:gunpowder.inventionfollowingusedwerefireworksAbove:thebonesimagescantoalsowhichobjectsthroughcanofwhichX-rays,arerayslightthatpasssome(andareinvisiblehumans)createofinsidebody.firstinChinatheof(whoflyingtheandWrightthefirstin 6 2O 19
16 Internal combustion engine
How it made a difference: The US inventor Thomas Edison was among several people
19 X-ray machine
When: 1862
go on to power cars and many other vehicles.
15 Plastic
18 Electric lightbulb
How it made a difference: Scottish-born inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the first telephone. Humans have barely stopped talking on them since.
2O
How it made a difference: The first powered aeroplane flight,
When: 1903
How it made a difference: Strong, light and flexible, plastic is one of the most widely used human-made materials. The very first plastic was developed by the British chemist and inventor Alexander Parkes. He rather
who developed the first electric light. Thanks to it, humans could light homes, roads and cities at night.
When: 1879
When: 1876
When: 1895
modestly named it after himself, calling it Parkesine.
24 GPS When: 1978
A computer microchip.
25 World Wide Web
by American brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright, started a revolution in long-distance travel that continues today.
How it made a difference: Invented by British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee, the world wide web was the computer network that would go on to connect humanity to a world of information, and each other, via the Internet.was invented by US physicist John Vincent Atanasoff.
To enter, send your picture or poem magazine.co.ukeditor@britannicato
24
22 Computer
COMPETITION!
Good luck! 23
When: 1958
orbiting Earth helps people to pinpoint their exact location wherever they are in the world.
When: 1989
20
GPS satellites help people find out their exact location on Earth.
How it made a difference: Microchips, invented by US engineers Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce, enabled computers to become ever smaller and more powerful.
When: 1937
21 Television
How it made a difference: Computers have shaped the modern world by performing calculations beyond the power of any human. The very first electronic digital computer
Do you love science and inventions? Then send us a picture or poem about your all-time favourite invention and you could win a copy of the amazing Science Timeline Wallbook!
How it made a difference: A network of GPS satellites
When: 1925 How it made a difference: Several inventors were involved in the development of early televisions. Today, an estimated 1.5 billion homes around the world own a TV.
INVENTIONS
Continued from previous page
23 Microchip
SECONDEVERY
STATS GIBERTBRUNOBYILLUSTRATEDANDWRITTEN,SECONDEVERYFROMEXCERPTED 1 1/2 kg meteoritesoffallfromthesky1OO thelightningboltsstrikeEarth 5,235 kg of sand, carried by the wind, leave the Sahara desert theEarthtravels3Okm around the Sun 4,5OO ipmylOc-sized evaporatefromtheoceansiwsmmingpoolsofwater 21
Somewhere on the planet this very second, one aeroplane takes off, four babies are born, 8,OOO scoops of ice cream are eaten and…
Our solar system is full of objects lighter than Earth, including moons, asteroids and dwarf planets.
Ganymede, which orbits Jupiter and is the largest moon in the solar system, has a diameter bigger than the planet Mercury’s, and almost half the size of Earth’s. But Ganymede is made mostly out of frozen gases and water, while Earth is made mostly out of rock, which is much denser. So it would take about 4O Ganymedes to equal Earth’s mass.
6Earthseptillion kg
Ganymede148sextillion kg
22
642Mars sextillion kg
Earth has a mass that is about 9.3 times greater than that of Mars.
Earth is full of matter, including rocks, water and gases. All this stuff makes our planet a real heavyweight. See how Earth measures up against other objects in our solar system, then find out the mass of some of the world’s heaviest trains, trucks and planes!
The 73.5Moonsextillion kg The current mass of our Moon is estimated to be Moonsthat(that’s73,5OO,OOO,OOO,OOO,OOO,OOO,OOOabout73.5sextillion)kg.Thismeansitwouldtakethemassof81toequalthemassofEarth.
HOWINFOGRAPHIC MUCH DO THINGS WEIGH?
Things in Space
FROMEXCERPTEDEARTHISBIG,WRITTENBYSTEVETOMECEKANDILLUSTRATEDBYMARCOSFARINA
Mega Machines Mass or Weight? Lexus 2,721LX kg Heavy modern car Union Pacific 25O,OOOCentennialkg Railway engine Belaz 36O,OOO7571O kg Dumper truck RMS 42TITANICmillion kg One of the most famous ships ever built, the RMS Titanic was supposed to be unsinkable, but it did just that after it hit an iceberg in 1912. At the time, the Titanic was the biggest ocean liner ever built. Airbus A38O 56O,OOOAeroplanekg When we think of things flying through the air, we usually picture objects that have very little mass. These could be balloons, feathers or the white puffy seeds of dandelions. But enormous passenger jet planes can fly too! The Airbus A38O is the current record holder for largest passenger aeroplane. It can seat over 8OO people and carry more than 3,OOO pieces of luggage! Mass: 11O kg Weight: 18O N Mass: 11O kg Weight: 1O79 N 23
Enormous trains, trucks and planes are used every day to transport objects and people around the world. Some of these are among the heaviest moving objects ever built by humans.
People often confuse the terms mass and weight. Even though they’re related, they don’t mean the same thing. Mass is a measure of how much matter or ‘stuff’ an object contains. It’s measured in units such as kilograms (kg). Mass tells you how hard it is to move something. The more mass it has, the more difficult it is to move. Weight is different. It’s a measure of how much the force of gravity acts on an object, and is measured in newtons (N). On Earth’s surface, mass and weight behave in the same way because the force of gravity is mostly the same all over the planet. But travel to the Moon, where the force of gravity is around 1/6th of what it is on Earth, and you’ll notice a difference. Your mass stays the same but your weight would be just 1/6th of what it is on Earth.
C
that small insects could crawl into narrow spaces. Larger, fixed-winged griffinflies and other predators couldn’t reach them there. Flying insects with folding wings are by far the largest group of insects alive today. It goes to show that the folding wing probably counts as another of nature’s most successful adaptations ever.
an you imagine a millipede the size of a person? Or a sea scorpion that is bigger than your outstretched arms? If, like me, you are not so sure that this is a world for you, then be grateful you were not alive 300 million years ago. Welcome to the Carboniferous Period. How insects learned to fly is still a mystery. Experts think it probably had something to do with the arrival of tall plants and trees. Wouldn’t it make sense for an insect to develop little wing flaps to jump or glide from one tree to another? That way they wouldn’t have to climb all the way down and up again. Gradually the wing flaps would have grown larger. Finally insects could glide, dive and flap their Seagull-sizedwings.relatives of today’s dragonflies were some of the most spectacular insects that have ever lived. Griffinflies had complete command of the skies. They could feed off smaller creatures as and when they liked. There were no birds back then to challenge them. They might even have had
THE BIG READ
J
Each month we feature an amazing story from world history taken from the bestselling book by Christopher Lloyd, with illustrations by Andy Forshaw. This month: Carboniferous creatures!
That’s the way it is with science. Ideas that explain the evidence we have are called hypotheses. When we get new evidence, we sometimes have to come up with new hypotheses.Inaworld of fierce giants, other creatures simply had to adapt or die. And adapt they did. Smaller insects evolved folding wings, just like those we see in houseflies today. This new kind of wing meant
nearly all-round vision the way their relatives do today. No one knows exactly why these creatures could grow so large. Some scientists think high levels of oxygen in the air (almost twice as much as now) allowed animals to get bigger. Others have shown that too much oxygen can be poisonous to tiny baby creatures. They think Carboniferous babies had to grow bigger fast so as not to be killed by the high levels of oxygen. But a giant insect fossil has been found for a period with much less oxygen. That makes some experts wonder if oxygen was the cause at all.
ust about this time, when griffinflies ruled the skies, the world’s land masses had started colliding together into one giant continent. It was called Pangaea (meaning ‘all Earth’). While this was happening, the climate became warmer and drier. So the ponds and puddles where amphibians laid their eggs probably started to dry up and disappear. More animals had to compete for less water.
Focus cameratheof bookreadingtherecordingantothisorsmartphoneatabletonQRcodelistentoaudioofauthorthisextract. Like ableladybirdsflies,aretoswitchveryquicklybetweenwalkingandflying,thankstothemechanismintheirwings,whicheasilyfoldsinandout. forisextinct,They’rearoundwingspanhadGriffinfliesAbove:aof75cm.nowwhichprobablythebest! 24
Everything!Absolutely
That single supercontinent, Pangaea, was now fully formed. When continents collide, one thing is certain. You can expect more and bigger volcanoes to erupt. What’s the biggest volcano you can imagine? How about one that spreads lava over an area the size of Western Europe and then goes on erupting for another million years? That’s what experts think happened 252 million years ago, forming the Siberian Traps, a huge area of volcanic rock in what is now northern Russia.
T
25
move their way inland as far as they liked. Then they could lay their egg on dry land, and after a few weeks, hey presto!
to heat up its body and blood in the morning sunlight. It could then have helped to release heat and cool Dimetrodon in the warmth of the day.
Creatures like Dimetrodon roamed the land for about 60 million years. But their time came to a sudden end when life suffered its worst ever brush with death – the Permian Mass Extinction.
But that’s not all. Volcanoes throw lots of carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases responsible for global warming. Experts think that at the end of the Permian Period, the Earth’s climate became too hot for most life forms to survive. Nine out of ten species of plants and animals went extinct.
Left: the volcanic activity that formed the Siberian Traps might have looked like this Icelandic landscape.
Amphibian eggs are squishy, with a covering that lets water in and out. That’s the best way when you lay your eggs in the wet. But as the land dried, some creatures began to lay a new kind of egg, one a little like a plant seed, with all the water and nutrients a baby creature needs contained inside a leathery, soft or hard shell. Armed with these new eggs with waterproof shells, couldanimalsthese
It was as if life on Earth had been struck down by a killer fever. But this was no ordinary illness because it lasted 80,000 years! However, some species did survive, including a new generation of reptiles who became the dinosaurs.
he earliest known reptile was called Hylonomus. This 20 centimetre-long, lizard-like creature lived from about 312 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period. It ate millipedes and small insects. And it was food for large amphibians and giant griffinflies.
Look out for the next instalment in our November Issue!
As usual when the environment changes a lot, animals changed with it.
Some scientists think it may have been used
animals by allowing them to give birth away from water.
Fast forward a few million years and reptiles ruled the land. One very cool example was Dimetrodon. Growing more than three metres long, this lumbering giant walked on four legs and had a long swaggeringDimetrodontail.was the largest meat-eater of its time. It had a peculiar sail on its back.
Out hatched a little creature. We call this group of animals reptiles.
That’s fine for laying eggs in the wet, but not on dry land.
Bottom: Dimetrodon’s sail-like back may have helped it control its temperature.
So a waterproof egg is actually a portable pond or puddle. These little marvels of nature changed the story of
Right: The eggs of amphibians, like this frog egg, let water flow in and out.
My brother Jake and I built this giant
Your photos
Where does your curiosity take you? Tell us by sending your photos and letters to: photos@britannicamagazine.com
Alice, age 6 planet Saturn would in
a bath!* 26
My dad took this photo of me inside an old TV at a museum in America. It was funny being on the other side of the screen for once!
Send your favourite fact to: facts@britannicamagazine.com
were building it. We couldn’t believe it! Sophie, age 1O, Jake, age 8
Ready take-off!for
MYIN!ITSENDBRITANNICA
float
sandcastle shaped like a aeroplaneSpitfireon West Wittering beach
Screen time!
YOUR fact of the month!
*If you could find a big enough Submittedbath!byStanley,age9 The
during our summer holidays. A real Spitfire overheadflewwhile we
democracy – which is when a country is ruled by all its people equally, often through a system of elected politicians –increasinglybecame powerful and popular. This led to the end of several important
Other long-lasting suchmonarchies,asthe British monarchy, which recently proclaimedCharlesIIIas its new king, continue to this day. France 11O days (between 1643 and 1715) of the United Kingdom 214 days (between 1952 and 2O22) of Thailand 126 (between 1946 and 2O16) of 91 days (between 1858 and 1929)
Answer
There are some great ways communicatingof with animals around you – some of which you can easily try yourself. The first thing to know is that many animals are capable lookingjustarewhatrecognisingofyoufeelingbyat the expression on your face. So always be extraaroundpeacefulthem as they will pick up on your emotions. Dogs, cats, horses and even sheep and goats can do this just from seeing a photo of a
72 years,
2. Elizabeth II
Louis XIV was crowned king of France at the age of 4.
days
DR ERMUSCINDY Historian today?monarchiesthereWhyQuestion:arefewer
13 27
special way of slowly.eyesnarrowingthatsmilinginvolvestheirandblinkingIfyou
If you are a history lover like me, you may have noticed that there are not as many kings and queens today as there were in the past. Why? For many bymonarchycenturies,–orruleonekingor
DID YOU KNOW?
THE 4 LONGEST-REIGNING MONARCHS 1. Louis XIV of
4. Johann II
mimic this action, they may slowblink back at you and you can have a conversation. In experiments, cats are more likely to approach
face.humanHorses can even remember whether someone was happy or angry in a photo that they saw hours earlier. They
DID YOU KNOW?
3. Bhumibol Adulyadej
Liechtenstein 7O years,
7O years,
monarchies in Europe and in other parts of the world.
From Nina, age
Below: Karen and her cat Mia
differently about who should rule countries and why. In particular, the idea of
are also more positive about that person if they previously saw them smiling rather than frowning. There is another Catsyouthatinterestingreallythingyoucandoifmeetacat.havethis
From Nidhi, age
Readers12
queen – was common in many parts of the world. However, this began to change in the 1700s.
ask. Experts answer. Send your questions to: experts@britannicamagazine.com
PROF KAREN McCOMB Animal behaviour expert withcommunicateableareInQuestion:whatwayshumanstoanimals?
someone who has slow-blinkingbeen at them. The slow-blink appears to mean something like ‘I’m cool, you’re cool’ and cats often seem to think they can relax around people when they slow-blink too.
7O years,
During manyofcalledhistorianswhathavetheAgeRevolutions,people started to think
Ask the experts
Answer
A horse can tell if a human is happy or angry just from seeing a photo of their face.
BIGThe Britannica
bath? a. Mercury b. Earth c. Mars d. Saturn 9What
float in a
Don’t
a. Caterpillar
tigers
b. Spider c. Ladybird d. Ant 4 What
signals
approaching? a. Cumulus b. Cirrocumulus c. Cirrus d. Cumulonimbus 5 In
Just
WHAT
a. The microscope b. The periscope c. The telescope d. The stethoscope 1O Who invented the telephone? a. Thomas Edison b. Samuel Morse c. Alexander Graham Bell d. Benjamin Franklin QUIZ 3 The
cannot… a. Swim b. Purr c. Roar d. Fart 2 In
a. 1 cm b. 5 cm c. 15 cm d. 150 cm 8Which
instrument did
Stretch your brain power with our tricky quiz. The first 2O questions are answered in the magazine, but the final five aren’t. worry if you don’t know them all. check out the answers bottom right and test your grown-ups, too!
b. The
1 Big
a. The
d. The
SHOW YOU you read the whole magazine, these should be a breeze!) cats, including lions, and jaguars, 2019, a hoard of gold coins worth more than £200,000 was discovered in a house in North Yorkshire, England. Underneath which room in the house were the gold coins discovered? garage attic kitchen bedroom how much taller does an astronaut’s body grow while they are in space? of these planets the solar system would (very large) scientific three Dutch invent in 1590? voodoo wasp lays its eggs inside the body of which animal? (pictured below) type of cloud often that a storm is which US state what year was Nations
can you find the ancient sandstone rock formation known as The Wave?a.Alabama b. California c. Arizona d. Florida 6In
founded? a. 1920 b. 1945 c. 1975 d. 1990 1 18 3 28
7 Approximately
the United
c. The
lens makers
KNOW (If
of
d.
What does a cartographer make? Carts Maps Wheels Cars
24
a.
c.
c.
c.
b.
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 25
a. Eyes 15 2O22YEARTHEOFPHOTOGRAPHERWEATHER/XINGLUO 29
a.
Which three colours make up the flag of Germany? Red, white and blue Red, blue and black
Which country does Eliud Kipchoge, the first person to run a marathon in under two hours, come from? Kenya Somalia Ethiopia South Africa
b.
d.
Britannica Quiz Answers:1.b,2.c,3.a,4.d,5.c,6.b, 7.b,8.d,9.a,10.c,11.b, 12.d,13.a,14.c,15.c,16.a, 17.d,18.b,19.c,20.a,21.b, 22.d,23.c,24.b,25.a. 11 What is the oldest known written language? a. Egyptian b. Sumerian c. English d. Chinese 12 What did 11-year-old Grace Bedell advise Abraham Lincoln, who later became the 16th president of the United States, to do? a. Wear a hat b. Cut his hair c. Grow a moustache d. Grow a beard 13 In what year is the total global population predicted to reach 8 billion? a. 2022 b. 2023 c. 2025 d. 2030 14 In which country is the ancient art of paper folding known as origami? a. China b. Italy c. Japan d. India b. Feet c. Muscles d. Fingernails 18 On average, how many lightning bolts strike the Earth every second? a. 50 b. 100 c. 500 d. 1000 19 How many Moons would you need so that the combined mass of all the Moons equalled the mass of the Earth? a. 8 Moons b. 18 Moons c. 81 Moons d. 108 Moons 2O Scientists have observed chimpanzees communicating with each other in the rainforest by drumming on… a. Trees b. The ground c. Their heads d. Drum kits
d.
d.
c. Red, black and yellow Black, yellow and blue How many strings does a violin have? What colour is the precious gemstone emerald? Green Who was the longestreigning monarch in history?
22
b. Blue c. Red d. Purple 15
c.
23
16
a.
A painful condition called delamination affects which part of an astronaut’s body in space?
a. Henry VIII of England (pictured left) Elizabeth II of the UK Louis XIV of France Johann II of Liechtenstein
a.
21
BONUS ROUND challenge yourself with questions NOT answered in the magazine!)
17
a.
d.
b.
A baby goat is also known as a… Joey b. Cub Pup Kid
(Now
b.
1 2 3 4 5 6 21 7 3 4 5 6 ACTIVITY 30
TOP TIP! Experiment with different colours and patterns; try usingpaper.wrapping
run down the centre line.
2 Open out the folded paper. Turn over one end about 1 cm.
People have been folding paper to create two- and three-dimensional objects for centuries. The Japanese call this art form ‘origami’. Follow these step-by-step instructions to make your own amazing paper shapes. If you get stuck, watch a video that shows you how at britannicamagazine.co.uk/origami
7 Fold the tip forwards to make the head. Then let the frog stand up. Push down the frog’s back and watch it hop away!
6 Fold the flap made in step 5
How to make it
What you need 15 cm square,paperwith the same colour on both sides.
1 Fold the paper in half, then open it out. Repeat the same process in the other direction. Fold the four corners into the centre.
FROG
What you need 15 cm side,colourscontrastingsquare,paperwithoneachscissors.
3 Fold up the bottom to form a triangle.
in half, so that the frog’s body is folded back to sit on top of its legs.
5 Turn the paper over. Fold the flat end up so that it’s 2 cm from the pointy end.
TOP TIP!
Try drawing or sticking eyes on the frog to make it realistic.more
How to make it
4 Turn over the folded edges again, placing the angled edges together along the centre crease.
Paper shapes!PENCIL
6 Fold back both sides, hiding them under the object. Tuck one side into the pocket of the other side so they stay in place.
2 Spin the paper 45º. Turn two of the outer points so that the edges
3 Turn the paper over. Fold back the corners of the end worked on in step 2 so that the two folds meet at the centre crease.
4 Turn in the bottom corners to the centre line.
1 Cut the paper in half. Take one half and fold along the paper’s length to make a crease.
5 Fold the bottom up to the line where the corner flaps cross the lifted flap to make a crease.
TOP TIP!
4 Using acornertocornersthe2createdcreasestheyouinstepsand3,bringtopthreedownthebottomtoformflatsquare.
1 Draw black stripes and-whiteathatonirregularormarkingsoneside,soitlookslikezebra’sblack-coat.
How to make it
6 Use scissors to cut just the top layer up to the top crease.
2 Fold the bothcoloureddiagonallypaperonitsside,foldways,unfold.
3 Turn the paper over. Fold it vertically horizontallyandon the uncoloured side, then unfold.
corner downwards. Then unfold.
8 Fold the two sections in half, so that they meet in the centre.
turn the zebra over and repeat steps 5 to 8 on the other side.
What you need 15 cm white paper square, scissors.
1O Rotate and make a crease for the head along the dotted line shown in the diagram above. Then unfold.
ZEBRA
7 Fold the zebra’s ‘legs’ creasesalongupwardstheshown.
12 Make a crease for the zebra’s tail
13 Finally, inside reverse fold the right side to create the zebra’s tail. Your intotozebraand-whiteblack-paperisreadybereleasedthewild!
3 4 5 6 7 9 1O 11 12 13 1 2 8
as shown in the diagram above. Then unfold.
Draw a nose, eyes and mane on the zebra and fold its legs to movement.create
5 Fold the upper layer’s thenthecornersoutsidetowardscentreline,foldthetop
9 To create the other two legs,
11 Inside reverse fold one side to the left to create the zebra’s head.
Clue: a small ball of coloured glass used as a toy (6 letters).
Can you spot the 26 sporting events and games hiding somewhere in our jumbo word search puzzle? Good luck!
Answer:
**Zui quan is an ancient Chinese martial art.
Clue: a block or bundle of hay (4 letters).
A
Answer:Usethe
P
word wheel to help find the answers to the five clues below. All the answers contain the middle letter, and each letter can only be used once.
LM EM A O R BE
32
Clue: hard to forget (9 letters).
*Xare is a racket sport popular in South America.
WORD MORPHS
I
Answer:
Clue: a person who made mummies in ancient Egypt (8 letters).
——FUR————EAT ———COAL—————————FAST ———WORD—————————MULE C
Answer:
N
C
O
SPORT WORD SEARCH
WORD WHEEL
Answer:
Stumped? Don’t worry, you can find the answers to all the puzzles on page 34.
Change the word FUR to EAT in 3 moves by changing one letter at a time. Each new word you create by changing a letter must be a proper word. Then try changing COAL to FAST in 4 moves. And WORD to MULE in 4 moves. Q U I D D I T C H Y A U X K E D D C A E N I L E V A J L B H M A Q N R L B M O L L E Y B A L L G L L P V R U A Z A A U Q I U Z L Z A U R N H T L I H X R L O P R E T A W B R E G S T T V W R A T D W A E G P S E C B I I C D G X Q T E K O Z T G C N S L F M I Y I F Q F H L T Y N H W N P A V A B I C S U H S O S A A D O H X I B T W L O B C H Z N N L T E C R K R A Y E W S H B B U L D U B E R K H S A W D F R O Z Z I A S D U I B V O W T P Z K R I N E N K D B T K O C L A P O I Q F I F B C S H A Y G H R L E H U S N N E S Q E V T S K C C B R Q A H S L E D G B Q A N E M X K T R J O K C O A T O O E J B W C I O R X I M A W C R C U F C E I G F Q I X J X B L I N N D O K Q G N I R E E T N E I R O P F N C Y S E S N D C K W K I G Z C M E F L O G E S Y A H A N D B A L L Y J V R A Q P P S E A J
ULTIMATEDISCUSCANOEINGBASEBALLARCHERYTHROWESPORTSFENCINGGOLFHANDBALLICEHOCKEYJAVELINKARATELACROSSEMARATHONNORDICSKIINGORIENTEERINGPOLEVAULTQUIDDITCHRUGBYSQUASHTAEKWONDOFRISBEEVOLLEYBALLWATERPOLOXARE*YACHTINGZUIQUAN**
V
Clue: the soft fleshy part of the ear (7 letters).
O
fill
Can you work out which number should appear in each of the circles? All the numbers in the circles are between 1 and 9 and a number can only be used once in each triangle.
CONNECT THETRIANGLES!NUMBERPLANETS3879111214911132 33
In the triangles below, the numbers inside the squares are the sum of the two numbers in the connected circles. For example:
can’t
You can’t
Can you spot all 2O differences between these two zany illustrations? SPOT THE DIFFERENCE Fill all the empty squares so that every row, column and 3x2 box contains a picture of a rocket, an asteroid, a space station, a crescent moon, a satellite and a space shuttle. SPACE-DOKU! ABC
Draw a line to connect each pair of planets. use diagonal lines and the lines cross or touch each other. must the whole grid with lines but only one line is allowed in each square.
You
David Falzani
CEO, What on Earth Magazines
Christopher Lloyd
Business Development
Warners Midlands PLC, The
Maltings, Manor Lane, Bourne, Lincolnshire, PE1O 9PH Digital Marketing Jamie French Editorial enquiries editor@britannicamagazine.com Subscriptions O1778 britannicamagazine.co.uk392479 Picture credits Alamy: 8, 14, 15, 24, 25, 28, 29. Getty Images: 6, 9, 14, 15, 26. NASA: 1O. Nature Picture Library: 8. Science Photo Library: 28. Drone Photo Awards 2O22/Jingkun Yang: 9. Spink and Son: 11. Adrian Soldati: 11. Weather Photographer of the Year 2O22/Luo Xing: 28. Copyright 2O22 What on Earth Magazines Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, including photocopying, without permission in writing from the publishers. Space-Doku! ACBTriangles!Number6 21 3 87 7 45 9 1112 3 68 14 911 C Q U I D D T C H Y A U X K E D D C A C E N I L E V A J L B H M A Q N R L B M V O L L E Y B A L L G L L P V R U A Z A N A U Q I U Z L Z A U R N H T L I H X R O L O P R E T A W B R E G S T T V W R A A T D W A E G P S E C B I C D G X Q T E K O Z T G C N S L F M Y I F Q F H P L T Y N H W N P A V A B C S U H S O O S A A D O H X B T W L O B C H Z N N L T E C R K R A Y E W S H B B U L D U B E R K H S A W D F R O Z Z A S D U I B V O W T P Z K R N E N K D B T K O C L A P O I Q F F B C S H A Y G H R L E H U S N N E S Q E V T S K C C B R Q A H S L E D G B Q A N E M X K T R J O K C O A T O O E J B W C O R X I M A W C R C U F C E I G F Q X J X B L N N D O K Q G N I R E E T N E I R O P F N C Y S E S N D C K W K G Z C M E F L O G E S Y A H A N D B A L L Y J V R A Q P P S E A J 34
Give a FREE COPY of Britannica Magazine to your best friend! We hope you are enjoying the fun-filled articles and activities in our new October Issue! If you are, here is the perfect way to share your love of Britannica Magazine with your best friends or other members of your family. Here’s all your friends have to do… Ask their grown-ups to visit britannicamagazine.co.uk/free-copy and enter their details. We will then send them a printed copy of a recent issue of Britannica Magazine absolutely FREE! Conditions apply. For more information, visit: britannicamagazine.co.uk/free-copy Word Wheel 1. MEMORABLE 2. EMBALMER 3. EARLOBE 4. MARBLE 5. BALE Word Morphs 1. FUR, FAR, EAR, EAT 2. CAST,COAT,COAL,COST,FAST 3. MOLE,WORE,WORD,MORE,MULE Spot the Difference Sport Word Search Puzzle Answers MAGAZINE BRITANNICA Connect the Planets Published by What on Earth Magazines Ltd, The Black Barn, Wickhurst Farm, Leigh, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 8PS Editor Andrew Pettie Art & Design Director Mark Hickling Designer Susanna Hickling Production Sarah Epton Contributors Kate Hale, Andy Smith, Andy Forshaw, Christopher Lloyd, Andrés Lozano, Steve Tomecek, Marcos Farina, Mark Hickling, Susanna Hickling, May, Paige Towler, Bruno Gibert, Lisa Thomas, Chris Harrison, Prof Karen McComb, Dr Cindy Ermus, Hitandrun (cover)
Nancy Feresten
For Encyclopaedia Britannica
With thanks to Andy Forshaw, Natalie Bellos, Casey Neumann, Katy Lennon, Daisy Symes, Helen Thewlis, Olivia Galyer, Nell Wood, Helen Jones and the whole team at What on Earth Publishing
Alison Eldridge, Managing Editor
Editorial Consultant
Printing and distribution
A A reflection!
Q How many apples grow on trees?
Q What do you call a pencil with a rubber on both ends? Pointless! cow-culator!
Tickle your ribs and tease your brain with our favourite gags and riddles, hand-picked by our jokes editor May.
Q Where are chefs taught to make banana splits? At sundae school!
Very carefully! How do you take a temperature?tiger’s 35
Q How did the baby chicken cross the road?
moonwalk!The
A Anything you like!
Q What type of shoes do spies wear? Sneakers!
What do farmers use to count their cattle?
& riddles Jokes
A
Q What’s a pirate’s favourite subject at school? Aaaaarrrrt!
Q What do you call a bird on an aeroplane? Lazy!
All
A Mice Krispies!
What is favouriteastronaut’sandance?
Why did the orchestra have bad manners? Because it didn’t know how to conduct itself!
A Beginner’s cluck!
A A windshield viper!
Q What do you call a teacher wearing headphones?
Q What is a cat’s favourite breakfast cereal?
FORSHAWANDYBYILLUSTRATIONS
A A leg!
A
Q What has a bottom at its top?
A
A Take away the s!
A
A
Q You can see me in water but I never get wet. What am I?
Q What kind of snake would you find on a car?
A All of them!
A
Q How do make seven an even number?
Q What goes up but never comes down? Your age!
A
Why are Saturday and Sunday the strongest the rest are weak
FREEINCLUDESBOOKWORTH£1O! Visit www.britannicamagazine.co.uk, scan the QR code or call O1778 392 479 ✓ A year’s worth of printed magazines delivered through your door ✓ FREE access to our digital editions ✓ FREE Introductory Issue ✓ FREE sign-up gift of Britannica’s All New Children’s Encyclopedia WORTH £25! Sign up now for £59.99 to 12-MONTHreceive:MAGAZINE PLANO FFER 1 3 FREE ISSUESO FFER 2 Sign up now for £44.99 to receive: ✓ A year’s worth of printed magazines delivered through your door ✓ FREE first three issues ✓ FREE access to our digital editions 6-MONTH MAGAZINE PLANO FFER 3 Sign up now for £29.99 to receive: ✓ 6 months’ worth of printed magazines delivered through your door ✓ FREE access to our digital editions ✓ FREE Introductory Issue ✓ FREE sign-up gift of Britannica’s FACTopia! Follow the Trail of 4OO Facts WORTH £1O! FREEINCLUDESBOOKWORTH£25!Three3FIRSTISSUESFREE! amazing special offers!
