History of Urology at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center

History of Urology at

Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center

This history of the Department of Urology is in memory of Dr. William H. Boyce and was made possible through a gift from Dr. Arthur Whitehurst

Urology at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center The Medical Center’s Beginnings

The story of how a two-year medical school in Wake Forest, N.C., moved to Winston- Salem, N.C.,

and became a four-year school is told in detail by the school’s first dean, Dr. Coy Carpenter, in his book “The Story of Medicine at Wake Forest University.” In short, the school was under pressure to expand or close. Bowman Gray, the former president of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co, left $750,000 worth of stock in R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in his will to be used for a cause beneficial to the community. After his death in 1935, his family made the decision to give the endowment to Wake Forest, provided the Medical School be moved to Winston-Salem and made a four-year program.

Bowman Gray Sr. Carpenter had initially believed the endowment was likely to be at least $5 million, and even though it was not as substantial as first thought, accepted the offer anyway, in conjunction with Wake Forest President Thurman D. Kitchin. The deal was announced in August, 1939. According to a 1997 Winston-Salem Journal article, “The truth was that Carpenter needed at least $10 million and he would spend the next 15 years trying to make up the difference.”

The school moved to town in June 1941 and opened in September with a

The original medical school building was completed in 1941. Today it is known as the Gray Building.

class of 30 second-year students, 45 first-year students, 23 full-time faculty members and the affiliated teaching hospital, N.C. Baptist Hospital, which Dr. Coy Carpenter had 133 beds and admitted about 4,000 patients a year. The fact that Carpenter was able to get backing to supplement Gray’s money and pay for the new school is often referred to as “the miracle on Hawthorne Hill.” In 1961, a Winston-Salem Journal reporter put it this way: “… Coy Carpenter found a shoestring 20 years ago and over the past two decades he has built a shoe to go with it.”

The Urology Department’s Beginnings

This brief history of the Department of Urology is based on interviews with former chairmen

or their children and historical documents from the Dorothy C. Carpenter Archives. Former chairs Fred Kessler Garvey and William H. Boyce both wrote histories that significantly contribute to the following account.

Boyce, who was associated with Wake Forest College and its medical school during the

transition to Bowman Gray School of Medicine, wrote that “urology developed at Bowman Gray with the arrival in 1941 of two professors of similar dispositions” — Howard Holt Bradshaw, M.D., who was recruited from Jefferson Medical Downtown Winston-Salem, 1940 College to be professor and became the first chairman of the Department of Surgery, which included urology, and Fred K. Garvey as professor of Urology. Both were described as having a “firm foundation in sciences basic to medicine and both were masters of humanitarian concerns.” Because the school would serve a very large area of medical need in Western North Carolina and surrounding states, Boyce wrote, “the clinical success of this venture, especially in the surgical division, would largely depend upon the patterns established by these two. From its beginning, with leadership from these two physicians, the department embraced the principles of excellence in education, clinical care and research.

Dr. Howard Bradshaw

First Urology Chair – Fred K. Garvey (1941 to 1960)

Fred K. Garvey, M.D., “Dr. Fred” as he was called, was born c. 1900, a farm boy from a large family of

10 children that lived in the Beaver Creek area of Anson County, N.C. He graduated in science from Elon College and “knocked about the country” for a while, according to Boyce, taking different jobs ranging from ranching in the West to being a chemist for Richmond, Va., company. Soon, he followed in his older brother Robert’s footsteps into medicine and enrolled in the University of North Carolina where he completed the two-year medical course. He obtained his medical degree from the University of Cincinnati, and it was the prompting of a professor there and Robert who influenced him to choose urology as his specialty. He completed his training in Knoxville and practiced there for a few years before moving to Winston-Salem in 1933. He and Robert opened a urologic practice located in the Nissen Building downtown and their practice grew so rapidly they soon added Dr. C.C. DeLaney.

Dr. Fred K. Garvey

At the time, wrote Garvey, many patients in the community recognized the

value of an academic medical center and were going to Philadelphia, Baltimore and Minnesota for medical care. In his account, he wrote that the move to Winston-Salem by Wake Forest College was the beginning of a “new era” in urology. He said the specialty had within the previous five years gained recognition locally as an important and separate branch of surgery as he and others trained in the field saw the gradual relinquishment by general surgeons of cystoscopes and urethroscopes, common tools used to diagnose urological conditions.

The Garveys and DeLaney were well established practitioners when the Medical School arrived and

were all appointed assistant professors; unfortunately, DeLaney died before the school opened. Garvey Nissen Building where Dr. Garvey practiced until was appointed head of the Urology section and Chief of the Urologic Service of the hospital. Other early 1942. urology faculty consisted of Dr. L.R. Culbertson, Dr. Charles M. Norfleet Jr., and Dr. Hardy Ulm. On Aug. 1, 1942, the Garveys moved their offices out of the Nissen Building to the first floor of the Medical School to become “geographic full-time faculty members,” Garvey wrote, “and thus began a new experience.”

According to Boyce, Garvey was a “superb surgeon” who perfected the procedure of transvaginal ureterolithotomy and

developed special instruments for it. In addition, he had done the only “perfectly functional gracilis muscle transplant for incontinence” that Boyce ever encountered.

When Boyce came to the Medical School in the mid ‘40s to join the general surgery service, he wrote: “On Fred Garvey’s service I found a master surgeon in a field which also had the most precise diagnostic capabilities of radiographic imaging, physiologic testing (cystometry), and a well-established pattern of biochemical diagnostic criteria.

In the early ‘40s, Garvey began to visit other institutions to get

information on setting up a residency program and in 1942, established the first residency in Urology. During one of these visits, he wrote that he was “fortunate in finding a man lacking only one year to complete his training, who believed in our future approval for resident training. This was Dr. David Gomberg of Iowa State University, who came to us in 1944 as the first house man on straight urology. He did a magnificent job and paved the way for a series of men who have been a credit to the institution and loyal in their affection and support of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine.” (See a list of urology residents since 1941).

Garvey wrote that a good program of patient care, student teaching

and research is of “most vital importance” to a successful department.

“It has been our philosophy not to allow this combination to get out of balance and not to allow questionable trends in medical education to fog our perspective in regard to this.” He worked to balance the faculty to include “worthwhile research as well as clinical talent, teaching ability and good judgment.”

Interesting Facts about “Dr. Fred”

• He grew up on a 600-acre farm in Beaver Creek in Ashe County, N.C. • As the youngest of seven boys (there were 10 children in all), he left the farm after two years of high school and pursued a college education later.

• In 1915, he won first place in the banjo competition at the Ashe County fiddler’s convention. At one time, he could play a guitar, mandolin and fiddle.

• He became a life-long fisherman following his first success with rod and reel at age 6.

• When he retired, he and his wife, Edna, moved to a mountain retreat in Ashe County.

When he wrote the history of the department’s first 19 years, Garvey noted that it began with “inexperience, poor facilities and

in war time the department was understaffed.” He said however, that there were “evidences to indicate a reason for pride in the result of these 19 years” — good reports from students who interned elsewhere and the caliber of the urologists who had their training at N.C. Baptist Hospital. “The latter, in my opinion, will stack up in knowledge and the care of the sick with those from any institution.”

Garvey stepped down as chair in 1960 and retired in 1969. He had produced four films on surgical techniques and had 52 papers published in professional journals.

Second Urology Chair – William H. Boyce (1960 to 1983)

In his history of the department, Garvey wrote that as early at 1947, his attention was drawn to a

“talented individual with a mind for investigation as well as interest and ability in clinical medicine.”

This man was William H. Boyce, who had served an internship and assistant residency in surgery at the hospital from 1944 to 1947. After several years of military service, and residencies at the Medical Center, Cornell Medical Center and the University of Virginia, he joined the Medical School faculty in 1952.

“With his cool, calculating mind and dynamic energy, he has developed a program of research

Dr. William H. Boyce, 1964

in urologic problems that has no equal anywhere,” wrote Garvey. “His work on urolithiasis has attracted worldwide attention and certainly has set the pattern of approach to the problem that has revolutionized the thinking in regard to the etiology of urinary stones.”

Boyce pioneered intrarenal surgery for removing kidney stones using ischemic hypothermia

which limited vascular damage and he perfected the anatrophic nephrolithotomy procedure, which is still the gold standard for removing large stones. In 1968 he was part of a Medical Center team that was the first in the U.S. to apply ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for cancers of the genital and urinary tracts. He also developed the Boyce-Vest procedure, an effective reconstructive technique for the management of bladder exstrophy.

He was one of the first to investigate electrical stimulation of the detrusor muscle and transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate

gland. His research group identified the components of urinary stone matrix and made several other contributions regarding the pathophysiology of kidney stone formation. He helped define the pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis associated with ureterosigmoidostomy.

Boyce was a Founding Member and President of the Society of University Urologists and a Trustee

and President of the American Board of Urology. He served on the Residency Review Committee for Urology and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Study Section in Urology. He received several grants from the NIH, and many prestigious medical awards during his career, including the Ramon Guiteras and Hugh Hampton awards, the highest honors awarded by the American Urological Association, for his contributions • In 1944, he was one of three surgical interns to urologic education, the study of urinary at NCBH. Part of the job was collecting blood stone disease and the application of for the blood bank – an “ordinary household ultrasound to urologic diseases.

Interesting Facts about Dr. Boyce

Dr. William H. Boyce, 1970s

He served as President of the prestigious

American Association of Genitourinary Surgeons (AAGUS) and in 1992 received the association’s Keyes Medal, for “outstanding contributions in the advancement of Urology.”

It is recognized as the greatest individual citation in the specialty and it has been awarded sparingly. He also received the AAGUS’ Barringer Medal and the Hugh Hampton Young Award from the AUA – both for outstanding work.

He served as the second chair of urology for the department from

1960 until 1983. He was named Professor Emeritus of Urology in 1989.

refrigerator.” Interns received room and board, laundry plus uniforms and $10 per month.

• He applied for - and was awarded - his first NIH grant while still a resident. He arrived at Bowman Gray with “two careers to begin immediately” - an instructorship in Urology and a research program.

• He married a graduate of Salem College in Winston-Salem and the Catherine Gibbs School in New York - Doris Shore.

Third Urology Chair – David L. McCullough (1983 to 2004)

David L. McCullough, who became the third chair of urology in 1983, actually started his career at

Bowman Gray in 1960 when he was one of eight North Carolina students to be awarded a Reynolds Scholarship for study at the then Bowman Gray School of Medicine. McCullough, originally from Lincolnton, N.C., graduated from Davidson College. Selection was based on character, scholarship, potential need as a physician, and financial need, according to a Medical Center article.

Under McCullough’s leadership, in 1985 the Medical Center

became the first academic medical center in the state to use a new type of lithotripter, known as the “Munich Stone Buster.”

The equipment, developed in Munich, West Germany, cost about $2 million according to a Medical Center article.

Dr. David L. McCullough, 1985 Wake Forest was one of six centers in the country to test the machine, said McCullough, who noted that because of its location in the stone belt, the department aimed to provide a full-service concept of diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment of kidney stones.

McCullough was head of the American Urological Association’s Committee on

The shock-wave lithotriptor destroys kidney

Lithotripsy for six years and helped establish the guidelines for training in the process stones without surgery using a tub of water and a shock wave focused on the stone. Photo: that helped the minimally invasive procedure take hold in this country. In addition, the Wake Forest Baptist Around The Medical school had the first laser in the South and the second prototype in the country that was Center, February 1984 used for breaking up stones in the urinary tract and also for breaking up stones in the biliary tract. McCullough also reported the use of a different kind of laser to destroy prostate tissue in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and later was the first • He received a scholarship to study at Bowman to use the laser to treat this condition in men. Finally, in 1991, Gray that covered the entire cost of a medical McCullough reported a new technique for earlier detection education - which at the time ranged from $2,400 of cancer by taking biopsies from five different regions of the to $4,800 a year. prostate. (From A History of Firsts for Wake Forest University • Under his leadership, Wake Forest Baptist was School of Medicine, Thefreelibrary.com)/

Interesting Facts about Dr. McCullough

In 1991, he was elected President of the American Board of Urology. He retired from the Medical School in 2008.

one of six centers in the country to test a new type of lithotripter.

Fourth Urology Chair – Anthony Atala (2004 to present)

McCullough had a significant role in selecting his successor, Anthony Atala, M.D. McCullough heard

Atala speak at a medical meeting and suggested to Medical Center leadership that he be recruited to Wake Forest. Atala, a pediatric urologist, was practicing at Boston Children’s Hospital and leading a research team that had been the first in the first in the word to engineer replacement organs in the lab (bladders for children with spina bifida) that were successfully implanted in patients.

Atala’s recruitment was announced in 2003 and he joined the Medical Center in January, 2004 to

Dr. Anthony Atala, 2012

chair the Department of Urology and head the newly formed Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine. He brought a team of about 20 physicians, scientists and engineers with him. At the time, Atala said he was attracted to Wake Forest, in part, because of the Piedmont Triad Research Park, now known as the Wake Forest Innovation Quarter. “Having the academic environment and the research park is a powerful combination,” he said in the announcement.

As chair, Atala has recruited nationally recognized urologists and overseen the design and construction of a new off-site urology

clinic off Stratford Road. Other accomplishments have included initiating department- sponsored CME events that attract attendees from around the county, expanding the department’s minimally-invasive surgery programs and continuing his urologyrelated regenerative medicine research to include the successful implantation of engineered urethras in patients.

Atala serves as Editor-in-Chief of Stem Cells - Translational Medicine, Current Stem Cell Research

and Therapy, and Therapeutic Advances in Urology; as Associate Editor of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Journal of Rejuvenation, Research, and Gene Therapy and Regulation; as Executive Board Member or Section Editor of the journal Tissue Engineering, International Journal of Artificial Organs, and Current Urology Reports; and as Editorial Board member of Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, Biomedical Materials, Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering, the Journal of Urology, Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine, BioMed Central-Urology, and Urology.

Atala is a recipient of many awards, including the U.S. Congress funded Christopher Columbus

Foundation Award, bestowed on a living American who is currently working on a discovery that will significantly affect society; the World Technology Award in Health and Medicine, presented to Dr. Anthony Atala, 2012 individuals achieving significant, lasting progress; the Samuel D. Gross Prize, awarded every five years to a national leading surgical researcher by the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery; the Barringer Medal from the American Association of Genitourinary Surgeons; the Gold Cystoscope award from the American Urological Association for advances in the field; the Innovation Award from the Society of Manufacturing Engineers for the creation of synthetic organs, and the Rocovich Gold Medal, awarded to a distinguished scientist who has made a major • He led the teams that implanted the first impact on science toward the understanding of human disease.

Interesting Facts about Dr. Atala

In 2011 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National

Academy of Sciences and in 2012 he was one of 98 innovators in the U.S. named a Charter Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. More than 12 applications of technologies developed in Atala’s laboratory have been used clinically. He is the editor of 14 books, including Principles of Regenerative Medicine, Foundations of Regenerative Medicine, Methods of Tissue Engineering, and Minimally Invasive Urology. He has published more than 500 journal articles and has applied for or received more than 250 national and international patents.

engineered bladders, urethras and vaginas in patients.

• He was born in Peru in 1958 and moved to Coral Gables, Florida, when he was 11.

• His TED Talks have been viewed by more than 700,000 on YouTube.

• Googling WFIRM returns 134,000 results in .95 seconds

Behind The Scenes of Urology’s Beginnings A history of the Department of Urology would not be complete without including the early women who helped the department’s success. From Boyce’s history are these notes:

Swaneda Cleckley (1916 – 1985)

Swaneda Cleckley was the office boss who began with the advent of the School of Medicine and helped guide the progress of

the urology department while carrying the secretarial load. Swanney, as she was known, ran a tight ship, keeping patients and doctors scheduled by “precise increments of time and ran the show like a Ringmaster,” wrote Boyce. She had educated herself in medical Greek and Latin, was an expert typist before the days of electric typewriters and white out, and had an “instantaneous answer for every situation.” She not only converted the dictation notes from the Ediphone into legible prose, but “she shaved the cylinders so the next recordings were understandable.”

She trained succeeding office assistants, including Jo Barton and Edna Conrad. Swanney retired in the mid ‘70s just as electric

typewriters were being tested against digital processors with printers.

Bertha Jones

Swanney’s counter-part in patient care, Bertha served as a liaison between the attending and house staff, and handled the private

office practice. “A graduate nurse she had been with Dr. Garvey since he came to Winston and had earned not only the names of all the urological instruments but could assemble sets of compatible parts, and set up surgical trays without a list or the slightest hesitation,” Boyce wrote.

Celeste (last name unknown)

An assistant nurse and laboratory technician, Celeste “willingly performed all the odd tasks and rarely missed a day of work,”

Boyce wrote. The office did its own diagnostic radiographic procedures and she helped keep the process and the film files in order.

Katie Allred (1912 – 2009)

When the residency program was set for full implementation for the 1946-47 school year, Garvey

went looking for an individual to place in charge. He turned to his base in Ashe County and found Kate Allred, born July 23, 1912, at Allred’s Mill on Lovell’s Creek.

Known as Miss Katie, she was a graduate of the N.C. Baptist Hospital School of Nursing. She served

in the United States Army during World War II and later, as a member of the Army Reserve, served in a M.A.S.H. Unit during the Vietnam War. “In all the world, Fred Garvey could not have found a more perfectly qualified individual for the

program he had in mind,” Boyce wrote. “For the next 24 years Miss Katie was in charge and ran a flawless program in a tight ship.”

Katie Allred

Allred became well known as an instructor of residents in the use and care of urologic instruments, the

techniques of urologic instruments, the techniques of urologic diagnosis, and the importance of immediate, complete, legible recording of these events. “Generations of urologists using the straight cystoscopes with incandescent battery-powered lights will remember the first time they were entrusted with finding the ureteral orifices all alone,” Boyce wrote. “Miss Katie would watch closely as they searched in vain. When they looked up and blinked in exasperation, Katie gently caught the unsterile portion of the light cord, deftly pulled it back to the trigone, swung it laterally so the lens was over the orifice and in a soft, little voice filled with amusement, asked, ‘How about right here, doctor?’”

Allred worked at Baptist Hospital for many years until her retirement. Upon her death at age 96 on April 7, 2009, she requested

that her body be donated to the Wake Forest School of Medicine.

Jeannette Alexander

Jeannette devoted most of her nursing career to urology. She was the nurse in charge of the urologic operating rooms within the hospital. “Her faculty for facilitating heavy schedules and for good care of our delicate instruments has been exceeded only by her good disposition and ever willingness to help someone,” Garvey wrote.

In Remembrance

Following their tenures as urology department chairs, Drs. Garvey and Boyce both remained active in medical practice, teaching

and patient care before their retirements. And both lived into their 90s. Following are excerpts from obituaries and stories written about them following their deaths.

Dr. Fred H. Garvey April 26, 1900 - August 1, 1991

Dr. Fred Kesler Garvey, who founded the urology department at the Bowman Gray School of

Medicine, died Aug. 1, 1991, at the Moses Cone Extended Care Center. He was 91. He was born April 26, 1900, a native of Beaver Creek in Ashe County.

He graduated in science from Elon College and then later would enroll in the University of North

Carolina where he completed the two-year medical course. He obtained his medical degree from the University of Cincinnati in 1925 and chose urology as his specialty. He completed his training in Knoxville and began practicing urology in 1930. He came to Winston- Salem in 1933 and was appointed to the Bowman Gray faculty in 1949 when the school moved from Wake County to WinstonSalem and founded the department of urology. He was the director of the medical school urology section for 20 years, then gave up his administrative duties in 1960 to devote more time to teaching, patient care and research.

During his 29 years on the Bowman Gray faculty, Garvey took part in teaching programs that produced 1,253 doctors. He

produced four films on surgical techniques and had 52 papers published in professional journals. He retired in 1969 after almost 40 years of medical practice and teaching but not before he was honored with “Dr. Fred K. Garvey Day” on June 6, 1969 at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine.

After Garvey retired, he and he wife moved to their mountain home near Creston in Ashe County.

Dr. William H. Boyce, September 22, 1918 - November 11, 2012

Dr. William H. Boyce, age 94, died at his home in Stuart, Virginia on November 11, 2012. He was born on September 22, 1918 in Anson County, North Carolina to the late William H. and Louise Lockhart Gaddy Boyce. Dr. Boyce graduated from Davidson College and received his medical degree from Vanderbilt University. Later, he was awarded honorary degrees by both institutions. He was a veteran of the Italian Campaign in World War II and the post-war hostilities in Trieste where he served as an important back- channel link between Josef Broz, known as Tito, and the Truman administration. After the war, he specialized in urology and retired as the professor and head of the Department of Urology at Bowman Gray School of Medicine in 1988.

Described as “one of the giants of 20th century urology” and a “quintessential surgeon scientist,” by

Dean Assimos, M.D., a former urology colleague, he developed many surgical procedures that are still widely used today, such as the anatrophic nephrolithotomy, and was a pioneer of diagnostic ultrasound.

He authored many publications, and the book “Urological Surgery,” which he co-authored, was the definitive text on the subject for many years. He was appointed chairman of the NIH by President John F. Kennedy and served as an advisor to the U.S. Army Medical Corps and several surgeon generals. His reputation was world-wide, and he was the recipient of many prestigious honors and awards in medicine. He played a crucial role in keeping open the doors of the Patrick County Hospital located in his hometown.

Throughout his life, he raised beef cattle and was an avid outdoorsman and horseman. He was a member of Calvary Moravian

Church in Winston-Salem. He and his wife, Doris Shore Boyce, were married for 64 years and raised four children — sons Dr. Lock Boyce and Fred Boyce and daughters Dr. Catherine Boyce Baldwin and Barbara Boyce Howard.

“Dr. William Henry Boyce should be remembered as a highly creative and inquisitive investigator, someone who pushed the

envelope in many directions, a skilled educator, a man of patience, a superb educator, a spectacular surgeon and, above all, a gentleman. He was a true friend of the kidney and an ambassador of urology,” Assimos wrote in the Feb. 2013 issue of AUA News.

Section Head leaders in the Department of Surgery at Bowman Gray School of Medicine during the 1980s and the Director of Financial Services at North Carolina Baptist Hospital are (back row, L- R) Drs. Timothy C. Pennell, surgery; David L. McCullough, urology; M. Madison Slusher, ophthalmology; Robert I. Kohut, otolaryngology; Richard M. Heriott, financial services director; Francis M. James III, anesthesiology; Robert A. Cordell, cardiology; and David L. Kelly, Jr., neurology; (front row, L-R) Drs. Anthony G. Gristina, orthopedics; Richard T. Myers, surgery; and Frederick W. Glass, emergency medical services.

Article from 1984 Wake Forest Baptist Around the Medical Center newsletter, asking for volunteer study participants.

Exterior photo of the Wake Forest Baptist Urology Clinic, located at 140 Charlois Boulevard, Winston-Salem NC.

The lobby for the current Wake Forest Baptist Urology Clinic.

Excerpt from the Spring issue of the 1960 Medical Alumni Notes for the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, what was then known as Wake Forest College. Pictured, the future Dr. David McCullough receives the Reynolds Scholarship provided by the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation, covering the entire cost of his medical education.

Cornerstone celebration for the new Bowman Gray School of Medicine, 1941.

Article taken from the November 1993 Around the Medical Center newsletter for the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, what was then known as North Carolina Baptist Hospital.

Dr. J. Stanton King, Assistant Professor in the Department of Urology at Bowman Gray School of Medicine in 1962, with an amino acid analyzer to study the prevention of kidney stone formation and substances found in urine.

Entrance into the new Bowman Gray School of Medicine, 1959.

2016 Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Urology Photo

Pictures utilized in this document are credited to Digital Forsyth and the Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives.

Graduates of the Wake Forest Urology Residency Program Name, Medical School and Location Years of Residency

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

David Gomberg, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 1942-1945 Charles E. Haines, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 1946-1947 Thomas E. Canning, University of Oregon School of Medicine, Portland, OR 1946-1949 Harold J. Bradley Sr., University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 1946-1949 Thomas B. Daniel, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1947-1950 Wayne A. Clyde, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1948-1951 Carroll W. Bowie, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 1949-1952 William E. Nunnery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KA 1950-1953 Wayne E. Davis, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 1951-1954

10. William F. McQuire, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 1952-1955

11. Howard E. Strawcutter, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 1953-1956

12. James M. Lancaster, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1954-1957

13. Louis E. Fitzsimons, Medical College of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 1955-1958

14. Harold B. Bates, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1956-1959

15. Kenneth P. Carlson, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 1957-1960

16. Harold L. Murray, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 1958-1961

17. Ralph E. Brooks, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 1959-1963

18. Frank Eberle Carlton, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 1961-1963

19. Lathan T. Moose, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1959-1964

20. William G. Montgomery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1961-1964

21. Nelson Stone Teague, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1963-1964

22. Ernest J. Lathem, Medical College of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 1961-1965

23. Donald G. Blain, Wayne State University College of Medicine, Detroit, MI 1963-1966

24. Louis D. Hunt, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 1962-1966

25. Fred Graydon Anderson, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 1965-1966

26. Frank J. O’Conner Jr., University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 1963-1967

27. M.J. Vernon Smith, University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge, England 1964-1968

28. John E. Scarff Jr., Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1967-1972

29. Sushil S. Lacy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;

MS (in Surgery), King George’s Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

1964-1968

30. George W. Drach, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 1965-1969

31. Dean Macmillian Dobson, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1968-1970

32. Garrett R. Tucker, Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY 1966-1970

33. Lloyd H. Harrison, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1967-1971

34. William W. King Jr., University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 1967-1972

35. William H. Davis, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1966-1970

36. Julian L.D. Weaver, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 1970-1973

37. R. Mark Wilkiemeyer, University of Georgia Medical College, August, GA 1970-1974

38. John Nordan, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1973-1975

39. Irving B. Elkins, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1973-1975

40. Gerald R. Jerkins, University of Tennessee Medical School, Memphis, TN 1974-1976

41. David N. Leaf, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 1972-1976

42. Willet H. Rush Jr., University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 1972-1976

43. Ronald L. Tomlinson, Medical College of Georgia, Macon, GA 1973-1977

44. Arthur W. Whitehurst, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 1973-1977

45. Alston J. Stubbs, Duke University School of Medicine, Residencies in Surgery 1969-1972 1974-1978

46. Gary Wayne Pitts, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 1976-1979

47. Khalil Sinnu, American University of Beirut, Beirut,

Lebanon

1976-1979

48. John McRae Russell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 1977-1980

49. Robert T. Webb, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AK 1977-1980

50. William P. Evans, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 1978-1981

51. Bruce G. Armstrong, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston- Salem, NC 1978-1981

52. Robert P. Gossett, University of Texas Medical School, San Antonio, TX 1979-1982

53. John D. Shelgren, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1979-1982

54. John O. Fairey, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 1980-1983

55. Johnson H. Kelley, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1981-1984

56. Richard M. Lewis, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 1982-1985

57. John J. Basile, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 1983-1986

58. W. Winston Wilfong, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 1983-1986

59. Tink A. Johnson III, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 1984-1987

60. Laurence B. Kandel, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 1984-1987

61. Andrew S. Griffin, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 1985-1988

62. John G. Christensen, University of Illinois, Chicago IL 1985-1988

63. David O. Cook, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1986-1989

64. John Kirkland Jr., University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 1987-1990

65. John J. Wrenn, University of Tennessee Medical School, Memphis, TN 1987-1990

66. Gregory M. Lomas, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI 1988-1991

67. Juan A. Lopez, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 1988-1991

68. Atlee R. Johnson III, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1989-1992

69. Lancing

C. Patterson, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL

1989-1992

70. S. Harbour Stephens III, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 1990-1993

71. Claire C. Yang, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 1990-1993

72. Chad T. Couch, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 1991-1994

73. James R. Monath, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 1991-1994

74. Ricky L. Bare, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 1992-1995

75. Kirk J. Pinto, Texas Tech University School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 1992-1995

76. Elizabeth A. Albertson, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA 1993-1997

77. Raymond E. Poore Jr., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 1993-1997

78. Jay C. Beiswanger, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 1994-1998

79. L. Andrew Eskew, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1995-1999

80. Wade J. Sexton, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 1995-1999

81. Charles J. Rosser, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 1996-2000

82. Jeffrey C. Applewhite, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 1997-2001

83. Christopher C. Thacker, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 1997-2001

84. Jeffrey H. Martin, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 1998-2002

85. Vance F. Merhoff, University of Tennessee Medical School, Memphis, TN 1998-2002

86. Steve J. Hodges, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 1999-2003

87. Brian R. Matlaga, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 2000-2004

88. Joseph A. Veys, Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 2000-2004

89. Lester Stuart Borden Jr., Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 2001-2005

90. Dennis J. Kubinski, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 2001-2005

91. Matthew A. Cohen, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 2005-2006

92. Judson D. Rackley, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 2002-2006

93. Eric S. Gwynn, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 2003-2007

94. Joseph J. Phillips, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 2003-2007

95. Michael A. Traver, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 2004-2008

96. Jon Edward Hudson, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 2005-2009

97. Samer R. Kalakish, American University of Beirut School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon 2005-2009

98. Jacob R. Richard, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 2006-2010

99. Bhavin N. Patel, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 100.

101.

2007-2011 David Michael Werle, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 2007-2011 Theodore B. Manny, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 2008-2012

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

112.

113.

114.

Kyle A. Richards, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 2008-2012 Irina Stanasel, Baylor University, Houston, TX 2008–2013 Brandon Craven, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 2008-2013 Victoriano Romero, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI 2009-2014 Christopher King, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 2009-2014 L. Spencer Krane, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 2009-2015 Patrick McKenzie, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 2009-2015 Manish Patel, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 2009-2015 Ilya Gorbachinsky, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 2010-2016 Kyle Wood, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 2010-2016 Tristan Keys, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 2011-2017 Jessica Lange, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 2011-2017 Charles Peyton, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, SC 2011-2017

Current Residents 115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

Brandy Hood, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS 2012David Koslov, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 2012Marc Colaco, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/R.W. Johnson Medical School, Newark, NJ 2013Austin Hester, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 2013Jason Sandberg, Northwestern University The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 2013D. Christopher Brooks, Northwestern University The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 2014Andrew Eschenroeder, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 2014-

122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.

129.

Keith Ballentine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 2015Tao Cui, Wake Forest School of Medicine of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 2015Michael Rothberg, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 2015Kara McAbee, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 2016Taylor Peak, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 2016Rahul Dutta, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 2017Ethan Matz, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health, Washington DC 2017Liliya “Lily” Velet, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 2017-

Urology Chairs 1941-present Fred K. Garvey, M.D. (1941-1969)

Asst. Prof. of Surgery in Charge of Urology (1941-51)

Prof. of Urology and Section Head (1951-60)

Prof. (1960-69)

William H. Boyce, M.D. (1954-1983)

Inst. in Urology (1954-57)

Asst. Prof. (1957-58)

Assoc. Prof. (1958-60)

Prof. of Urology and Section Head (1960-1983)

Prof. of Urology (1983-90)

Prof. Emeritus (1990-2012)

David L. McCullough (1983-2008)

Prof. (1983-84); (2004-08)

Prof. and Section Head (1983-90)

Prof. and Dept. Chair (1990-04)

Assoc. Dir., Division of Surgical Sciences (1998-2003)

Prof. Emeritus (2008-present)

Anthony Atala (2004-present)

Prof. and Chair

Urology Faculty Members 1941 - present ACADEMIC

James F. Glenn, M.D. (1962-63)

Elizabeth N. Albertson (1998-2003)

Jorge Guiterrez, M.D. (2012-present)

Asst. Prof.

Assoc. Prof

Dean Assimos (1983-2012)

Prof.

Fellow (1983-84)

C. Edward Haines, M.D. (1946-47)

Instructor (1984-86)

Asst. Prof. (1986-89)

M. Craig Hall, M.D. (1999-2006)

Assoc. Prof. (1990-98)

Assoc. Prof (1999-2004)

Prof. (1999-2012)

Prof. (2004-2006)

Inst. in Surgery and Urology

Gopal Badlani, M.D. (2007-present)

Lloyd Harrison, M.D. (1972-2001)

Prof.

Instructor (1972-73)

K.C. Balaji, M.D. (2009 - present)

Asst. Prof. (1973-76)

Prof.

Assoc. Prof. (1976-82)

Ricky Bare, M.D. (1991-95 and 1997-99)

Prof. (1982-2001)

Asst. (1991-95)

Prof. Emeritus (2002-08)

Asst. Prof. (1995-1999)

Ashok Hemal, M.D. (2008-present)

Donald G. Blain, M.D. (1962-1964)

Prof.

Instructor

Steve J. Hodges, M.D. (2005-present)

Dominick Carbone Jr. (1998-2007)

Instructor (2005-07)

Asst. Prof. (2007-12)

Peter E. Clark, M.D. (2002-06)

Assoc. Prof. (2012- present)

Stuart Howards, M.D. (2013 - present)

Asst. Prof.

Asst. Prof.

Clair E. Cox II (1965-1973)

Prof.

Instructor (1965-66)

Joel C. Hutchinson, M.D. (2000-06)

Asst. Prof. (1966-69)

Assoc. Prof. (1969-72)

Jonathan Jarow (1987-1998)

Prof. (1972-73)

Prof. (1987-89)

Leon R. Culbertson, M.D. (1944-1945)

Asst. Prof. (1990-92)

Assoc. Prof. (1992-98)

Asst. Prof of Surgery assigned to Urology

Assistant Prof.

Thomas B. Daniel, M.D. (1949-1951)

Karim Kader, Ph.D., M.D. (2008-2011)

Asst. in Surgery and Urology (1947-49)

Asst. Prof.

Inst. in Urology (1949-51)

Stanley Kogan, M.D. (2014-present)

Ronald Davis III, M.D., MBA (2011 to present)

Prof.

R. Lawrence Kroovand (1985-2001)

Assoc. Prof

Clifford N. Edwards, M.D. (1958-61)

Prof. (1985-2001)

Emeritus (2002- present)

Inst. in Urology

Robert Evans III, M.D. (2009 – present)

Scott A. MacDiarmid, M.D. (2003-2006)

Assoc. Prof.

Assoc. Prof.

Catherine Matthews, M.D. (2015-present)

Wayne E. Davis, M.D. (1951-85)

Prof.

Asst. in Urology (1951-70)

John McConnell, M.D. (2009-present)

Inst. in Clinical Uro (1970-85)

Prof.

Robert R. Garvey, M.D. (1941-45)

William Francis McGuire, M.D. (1954-55)

William G. Montgomery, M.D. (1963-85)

Inst. in Urology

Prof Clinical Urology

Gordon McLorie, M.D. (2007-12)

Inst. in Urology (1963-67)

Prof.

Asst. Prof. (1967-1970)

Majid Mirzazadeh, M.D. (2009 – present)

Assoc. Prof. (1970-85)

Robert Moore, M.D. (2013-present)

Asst. Prof.

Joseph Pettus IV, M.D. (2008-10)

Lathan T. Moose, M.D. (1962-77)

Asst. Prof.

Assoc. Prof

Martin I. Resnick, M.D. (1975-82)

Assistant (1962-70)

Instructor (1975-77)

Instructor (1970-77)

Asst. Prof. (1977-79)

Charles M. Norfleet Jr., M.D. (1946-84)

Assoc. Prof. (1979-82)

Inst. in Urology (1946-55)

Daniel Rukstalis, M.D. (2012 – present)

Asst. Prof (1955-60)

Prof.

Assoc. Prof (1960-84)

Iqbal Singh (2009-12)

Emeritus (1990-1993)

Instructor

Alston J. Stubbs, M.D. (1975-78 and 1994-2003)

John J. Smith, M.D. (2007-11)

Assistant (1975-78)

Professor

Instructor (1994-2003)

Ryan Terlecki, M.D. (2010 – present)

Assoc. Prof. (2016-present)

Assoc. Prof.

FELLOWS

CLINICAL

Jonathan Boyd, M.D. (1983-84)

Harold B. Bates, M.D. (1957-85 and 1995-96)

Samir Naguib, M.D. (1960-61)

Asst. in Urology (1957-70)

William Taylor, M.D. (1979-81)

Instructor (1970-85) and (1994-1996)

J.A. Whitaker, M.D. (1947-48)

Stuart Bergman (1987-2003)

Asst. Prof.

RESEARCH

Kenneth R. Carlson, M.D. (1958-1985)

J. Stanton King Jr. (1960-70)

Assistant (1958-70)

Assoc. Prof. (1960-69)

Instructor (1970-1985)

Prof. (1969-70)

John Knight, Ph.D., (2008-12) Wayne Cline Sr. (1985-2003)

Asst. Prof.

Asso. Prof. (1985-86)

Ross Holmes (1987-2012)

Asst. Prof (1986-2003)

Research Asst. Prof. (1987-97)

D. Patrick Currie (1974-85)

Assoc. Prof (1997-02)

Instructor (1974-75)

Prof. (2002-12)

Asst. Prof. (1975-85)

Urology Assistants Bruce Armstrong, M.D. (1978-82)

Harold L. Murray, M.D. (1959-61)

John Basile, M.D. (1982-86)

Elizabeth Nataluk (1992-96)

Keith Beck, M.D. (1983-84)

William E. Nunnery, M.D. (1951-52)

Jay Beiswanger, M.D. (1994-95)

Lancing Patterson, M.D. (1990-92)

Carroll W. Bowie, M.D. (1949-52)

Kirk Pinto, M.D. (1991-95)

Harold John Bradley, M.D. (1946-48)

Gary Pitts, M.D. (1976-79)

Ralph E. Brooks Jr., M.D. (1960-63)

Raymond Poore (1992-96)

Thomas E. Canning, M.D. (1946-48)

Charles L. Ransom, M.D. (1958-59)

John Christensen (1983-89)

Dipak Ranparia, M.D. (1994-96)

Stephen Clark, M.D. (1976-78)

John M. Russell (1977-79 and 1979-80)

Wayne A. Cline, M.D. (1949-51)

Willett Rush, M.D. (1975-76)

William Conrad, M.D. (1975-76)

Wade Sexton, M.D. (1994-96)

David Cook, M.D. (1984-89)

John Shelgren, M.D. (1979-82)

Chad Couch, M.D. (1990-93)

Khalil Sinno, M.D. (1976-79)

Thomas Daniel, M.D. (1947-51)

Howard E. Strawcutter, M.D. (1954-55)

L. Andrew Eskew, M.D. (1994-95)

Selden Stephens, M.D. (1990-93)

William Evans, M.D. (1978-79)

Ronald Tomlinson, M.D. (1975-77)

John Fairey, M.D. (1979-1982)

Robert T. Webb, M.D. (1975-79)

Dale Fell, M.D. (1979-81)

Walter Wilfong, M.D. (1982-86)

John W. Frazer Jr., M.D. (1950-58)

Arthur Whitehurst, M.D. (1975-77)

Louis E. Fitzsimmons, M.D. (1957-59)

John Wrenn, M.D. (1987-88)

Robert Gossett, M.D. (1977-82)

Claire Yang, M.D. (1990-93)

Andrew Griffin, M.D. (1983-89) C. Edward Haines, M.D. (1946-47) Scott Harter, M.D. (1985-86) Louis D. Hunt, M.D. (1963-64) Atlee Johnson, M.D. (1990-92) Tink Johnson, M.D. (1982-87) Laurence Kandel, M.D. (1982-87) Johnson Kelly, M.D. (1979-85) John Kirkland, M.D. (1987-89) James Lancaster, M.D. (1957-58) Gregory Lamas (1990-91) Ernest J. Latham, M.D. (1962-64) David N. Leaf, M.D. (1975-76) Richard Lewis, M.D. (1983-85) Gregory Lomas, M.D. (1990-91) Juan Lopez, M.D. (1990-91) Anthony A. Malizia, M.D. (1980-81) James Monath, M.D. (1990-93)

Memories?

Do you have a memory of the early days of urology? Much of this documented history comes from former chairs, Dr. Fred Garvey and Dr. William Boyce, and we welcome other perspectives. We also welcome more recent memories – which will be the history of tomorrow.

Your memory here!

Visit http://bit.ly/WakeUrologyMemories.

Appendix

This brief overview of the Department of Urology would not have been possible without the department histories written by Drs.

Boyce and Garvey. Major portions of their work is included in this appendix for readers who want a firsthand look at Drs. Garvey and Boyce viewed the department’s growth and accomplishments. The goal is also to make the information in their typewritten documents – which are housed in the Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives at Wake Forest School of Medicine – easily accessible to a broader audience.

From “Urology at Bowman Gray School of Medicine” by Dr. William H. Boyce:

From “A History of Urology at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine and the North Carolina Baptist Hospital” by Dr. Fred K.

Garvey: