William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse

WILLIAM BARNARD RHODES-MOORHOUSE 26/9/1887 - 27/4/1915 (Ngāti Tama, Ngāti Ruanui) First Air Victoria Cross Recipient

Figure 1: William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Barnard_Rhodes-Moorhouse.jpg

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BACKGROUND William’s maternal grandfather was William Barnard Rhodes, c. 1807-1887; a wealthy landowner, businessman and politician in the 1800s New Zealand landscape.

William Barnard Rhodes was baptised at Epworth Lincolnshire in 1807, although his father was from Yorkshire.

His pathway to New Zealand came via a merchant vessel to New South Wales (1834) where he invested in land, and eventually thence to New Zealand with a whaling expedition.

He arrived in 1839 in the Eleanor and proceeded to purchase land until he had extensive cattle runs and trading stations.

Figure 2: The Hon. William Barnard Rhodes. Sourced from The Cyclopedia of New Zealand [Wellington Provincial District] on NZETC. Licensed under NZ CC BY-SA 3.0 https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/Cyc01Cycl-fig-Cyc01Cycl0255b.html

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Figure 3: 1858 photograph of William Barnard Rhodes, Sarah Rhodes, nee King, and Mary Ann Rhodes. Ref: PAColl-5601.

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22523773

He married his first wife Sarah King on 7 May 1852 and they raised William’s child Mary Ann, (b. c1850) daughter of William and Otahui (Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Ruanui). Otahui was the daughter of Aperahama Tuhana, whose parents were Tuhana and Ruiha and her brother was Wi Takirau. 1 After Sarah’s death, William married Sarah Anne Moorhouse on 29 November 1860. William Barnard Rhodes died in 1878 and is buried in the Bolton Street Cemetery. 2 Mary Ann Rhodes married Edward Moorehouse in 1883 and they moved to England in 1884, where their four children were born, including William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse in 1887.

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Wellington Maori Land Court minute book (Wellington City Council)

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Figure 4: Mary Ann Moorhouse with her sons William and Edward. Ryle-Hodges, Eddie, d 2001 : Photographs of the RhodesMoorhouse family. Ref: PAColl-0594-1. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22718806

Sources You can browse the sources for the story above in the following bibliography, but here are a few key sources for this section (together with Simon Best’s book we’ve highlighted below): •

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Patterson, B. (1990). Rhodes, William Barnard. Retrieved 2020, from Dictionary of New Zealand Biography – Te Ara: https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1r7/rhodes-william-barnard The Honorable William Barnard Rhodes at or before 9 May 1807–11 February 1878 (Person). (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from New Zealand Electronic Text Collection Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa: https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-133355.html Ward, L. E. (1928). Early Wellington. Retrieved 2020, from New Zealand Electronic Text Collection Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa: https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WarEarl.html Wellington City Council. (n.d.). Memorial Trail at Bolton Street Memorial Park. Retrieved 2020, from Friends of Bolton Cemetery: https://boltoncemetery.org.nz/app/uploads/2015/04/Memorial_Trail.pdf William Barnard Rhodes. (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barnard_Rhodes

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Recommended title: Frontiers: A Colonial Dynasty, by Simon Best ISBN: 9781927242216 Steele Roberts Aotearoa, 2013 "Two airmen of Māori descent lie buried together on a hilltop in Dorset, England. They are the grandson and greatgrandson of a whaling captain who entered New Zealand waters in 1835, and who became one of the leading pioneers of European settlement in Wellington. The story's main thread covers the four generations involved, and touches on early whaling off New Zealand and in the Pacific, European trading along the East Coast, the settlement and expansion of Wellington, the Thames gold rush and the first sheep stations in the Inland Patea. In 1883 the whaler's natural daughter, her mother a local Māori, inherited her father's wealth and moved with her husband to England, living in some of the country's grand houses. Her eldest son became one of the world's first aviators, winning a posthumous Victoria Cross over France in 1915. His son, also a noted pilot, was killed at the height of the Battle of Britain"--Back cover.

For an extended review of this title with added information, visit Speedreaders.info (authoritative reviews of transportation titles).

PATHWAY TO AVIATION Mary Moorhouse inherited a sizeable fortune from her father, and William was able to be educated at Harrow and Cambridge: “Physically powerful and full of beans, with reddish fair hair and vivid green eyes, William loved speed. Studies came second; he preferred to race fast motor-cars through the Cambridge streets. Later he entered numerous rallies and tore round the vast concrete banks of newly-built Brooklands racing circuit.” 3 The period of his university study coincides with the time period just after the first successful powered flights around the world: the Wright brothers achieved the first powered flight in 1903, and across the world in New Zealand, Richard Pearse recorded 3

(London, 2014)

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Aotearoa’s first powered flight in 1904.4 Aircraft design was in its infancy in the UK at this time, with early designs being tried and tentative flights being made. Given his interest and proficiency in motoring, and the excitement and hype around powered flight, perhaps it was a natural next step: “William became captivated with the infant art of ‘aerial navigation’, teaming up with aero pioneer James Radley. The men developed their Radley-Moorhouse 50-hp monoplane, and on 17 October 1911 William flew the flimsy aircraft to gain his Royal Aero Club Pilot’s Certificate, No.147; his flying licence gave his occupation as ‘engineer’.” 5 The two travelled to America together, where they competed in air races for prize money. 6 Continuing his life back in Britain, William married Linda Beatrice Morritt in 1912. That same year, she flew with him as he attempted to cross the Channel, going from France to England.7 Conditions unfortunately weren’t ideal, and although they crossed successfully, the flight ended in a crash landing in Kent – very fortunately, no one was injured. On this crossing, he flew Linda and one other passenger, and for this he is credited with being the first person fly two passengers across the English Channel.8 Sadly, the early exciting period of experimental powered flight was soon to come to an end, and the first (widespread) instance of powered aircraft in warfare was about to begin.

(A progression of flight - timeline, n.d.)

(London, 2014) 6 (Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC, n.d.)

7 (London, 2014) 8 (Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC, n.d.)

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Gallery

Figure 5: William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse. The first air V.C. with the Radley-Moorhouse Monoplane. (23/04/2020) Huntingdon Cambridge Community Archive Network. https://huntingdon.ccan.co.uk/content/catalogue_item/william-barnard-rhodes-moorhouse-the-first-air-v-c-with-theradley-moorhouse-monoplane

Figure 6: "Parnham House" by Sarah Smith is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

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Above is a photo of Parnham House, purchased by the Rhodes-Moorhouse family when they returned to England, and the eventual resting place of William Rhodes-Moorhouse. 9 The house itself has had an interesting history – read more about the story of Parnham House.

VICTORIA CROSS CITATION William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse’s Victoria Cross citation in The London Gazette at the time reads: “2nd Lieutenant William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, Special Reserve, Royal Flying Corps.

For most conspicuous bravery on 26th April, 1915, in flying to Courtrai and dropping bombs on the railway line near that station. On starting the return journey he was mortally wounded, but succeeded in flying for 35 miles to his destination, at a very low altitude, and reported the successful accomplishment of his object. He has since died of his wounds.” 10 Read an in-detail account of his mission, and injured flight home on the website of Lord Ashcroft (former member of the British House of Lords, and Victoria Cross collector), originally published in Britain at War in May 2023.

Rhodes-Moorhouse not only completed his mission but flew his airplane a great distance home while wounded by machine gun fire and reported the success of his mission before dying of his injuries. (Ashcroft, 2013) Ashcroft also details that his final request to his flight commander Maurice Blake after showing him a photo of his wife and baby son, was to ask him to write to his family. His final words were: “It’s strange dying, Blake, old boy – unlike anything one has ever done before, like one’s first solo flight.” 11 He was the first airman to receive the Victoria Cross, and the first Māori to receive the British Empire’s highest military honour.12

(Lieutenant William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse Snr. VC - killed in France but buried at home, 2024) (Page 4990 | Supplement 29170, 21 May 1915 | London Gazette, 1915) 11 (Ashcroft, 2013) 12 (Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2014) 9

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Figure 7: Edward Moorhouse with his son, Will, and his grandson, William. Ryle-Hodges, Eddie, d 2001 : Photographs of the Rhodes-Moorhouse family. Ref: PAColl-0594-3. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23240971

Read more about William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse: •

Ministry for Culture and Heritage. (2014, August 21). William Rhodes-Moorhouse. Retrieved 2020, from NZ History: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/william-rhodes-moorhouse

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Lieutenant William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse Snr. VC - killed in France but buried at home.

(2024, January 10). Retrieved 2020, from Commonwealth War Graves Commission: https://www.cwgc.org/stories/stories/lieutenant-william-barnard-rhodes-moorhouse-snrvc-killed-in-france-but-buried-at-home/

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London, P. (2014, 12 28). Dorset’s aerial hero – William Rhodes Moorhouse. Retrieved 2020, from Wayback Machine: Dorset Life - The Dorset Magazine: https://web.archive.org/web/20141228053147/https://www.dorsetlife.co.uk/2014/12/dors ets-aerial-hero-william-rhodes-moorhouse/

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Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC. (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from The unofficial website for Hatfield in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom: http://www.hatfield-herts.co.uk/aviation/moorhouse.html

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LINDA AND SON, WILLIAM HENRY While researching the story of William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, we also found much mention of the stories of his wife Linda and son William Henry. Both would eventually be pilots in their own right, and William Henry also would tragically follow in his father’s footsteps: he was an RAF pilot during World War II and was killed in action during the war.

Read more of their stories below.

Linda’s wedding dress designer and the Titanic As previously detailed, Linda Beatrice Morritt and William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse married in June 1912 – just months after the sinking of the Titanic. 13 In 2012, one hundred years later, Joanna Hashagen, Keeper of Textiles at The Bowes Lyon Museum was working with Linda’s wedding dress, which had been donated to their collection. Researching, she rediscovered both Linda’s story and the story of the designer of Linda’s wedding dress, ‘Lucile’ (Lady Duff Gordon), who was on the maiden voyage of the Titanic. An exhibition of the wedding dress connected the stories of the two women and the dress -- the commissioning of the dress, Lady Duff Gordon’s Titanic voyage, Linda’s marriage months later in the dress, and the Channel crossing flight with her husband later that year that ended in a crash landing. 14 Linda commissioned her wedding dress in March 1912, and Titanic sailed in April with Lady Duff Gordon and her husband aboard. She and her husband both survived but were saved on one of the last lifeboats launched – with only 12 out of a possible 40 people on board. At the inquest into the sinking of the Titanic, questions were raised around the launch of the lifeboat they were on (Lifeboat No. 1). 15 Read more about the scandal surrounding Linda’s dress designer, Lady Duff Gordon, and the Titanic disaster in the Vogue article linked above, which also includes this titbit about the support the designer received at the time from society ladies (presumably also Linda Beatrice Morritt): “Despite the scandal which erupted in the press in both America and Britain around the behaviour of the Duff Gordons, Linda Morritt insisted on wearing her Lucile dress down the aisle in a Knightsbridge church only two months after the disaster. Her reaction went hand in hand with the support from loyal customers shown to Lady Duff Gordon when she appeared, wearing a black veiled hat and purple-lined coat at (London, 2014) (Hashagen, 2012) 15 (Mower, 2012) 13 14

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the disaster inquiry on May 17: The hearing was packed with society ladies, dressed to the hilt in Lucile.” 16 Wondering what the dress looked like? Here’s a link to a photo of the bride and groom, on their wedding day. 17

Linda and William Henry qualify as pilots Following W. B. Rhodes-Moorhouse’s death, both Linda and William Henry would eventually become qualified pilots: “Linda qualified as a pilot in her own right on 25 June 1931, at the age of 45, flying a DH Moth.”

However, she was beaten to it by son William, who qualified as a pilot, aged 17 and still going to school at Eton, on 8 April 1931 (he rowed for Eton earlier that year).

Around the same time some future famous names, like H M A Day ('Wings' Day of The Great Escape) and designer George H Miles, also qualified as pilots.”

Linda Rhodes-Moorhouse also wrote a book about her family’s story – Kaleidescope, 18861960 : Story of a family in peace & war.

Sadly, neither Wellington City Libraries nor the National Library of New Zealand in Thorndon hold a copy, but there is a copy in New Zealand – at Dunedin Public Library. If you’re interested in this title, please contact our Interloans Service.

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(Mower, 2012) (The bride, Linda Beatrice Morritt, wearing the Lucile dress, 1912)

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Flight Lieutenant William Henry Rhodes-Moorhouse in World War II

Figure 8: The late Flight Lieutenant W. H. Rhodes-Moorhouse. (Evening Post, 01 October 1940). Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/17747291

Picking up the family story two decades after his father’s death, William Henry married Amalia Demetriadi in 1936 (read an account of their wedding, at which she wore a ‘dress of pale jade-green tinted crepe’ in The Evening Post 18). In 1937, in the period before World War II, he followed his father into the Royal Air Force: “[…] war was looming and short of funds, the RAF had its eyes on amateur pilots like Willie, George and Amalia's brother Dick. It could not maintain a large peacetime force, but if war came, it would need to mobilise fast.

As early as the mid 1920s, the first Chief of the Air Staff, Lord Trenchard, had come up with the idea of auxiliary squadrons, amateur pilots who could be rapidly recruited and deployed on the outbreak of war.

The first auxiliary squadron, 601, later to be known as the Millionaires' Squadron was, according to legend, created by Lord Grosvenor at the gentlemen's club White's, and restricted to club membership.” 19 His commission was also reported at the time in The Evening Post 20:

('English Weddings'. In The Evening Post, Issue 87, page 15, 1936) (Jones, 2010) 20 ('In his father's footsteps'. In The Evening Post, Issue 36, page 12, 1937) 18 19

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Figure 9: Evening Post, Volume CXXIV, Issue 36, 11 August 1937, Page 12. From PapersPast. Used under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ DEED. No changes made.

Although the 601 Squadron had an elitist background and a reputation for escapades before the war, they were in fact an effective and serious fighting force and took heavy losses during World War II. 21 William flew in the Battle of France against the Luftwaffe, including some missions out of his father’s old Merville-Calonne airfield in France, before it was taken over by the Luftwaffe after the Battle of France. 22 The Battle of Britain followed the fall of France, and lasted from 10 July to 31 October 1940, and the RAF took heavy losses as they defended the country from the air. 23 For his war effort, William was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (read his citation in the London Gazette in July 1940 here 24). The ceremony was on 3 September, and he would be killed in action just days later: “The formal award ceremony for William's DFC took place at Buckingham Palace on 3 September 1940. Archive footage shows him with his wife and mother outside the palace. It was the last time they would see him again. […]

On 6 September 1940, the last day before the squadron was due for a break from operations, William Henry Rhodes-Moorhouse – known as Willie by his squadron mates – while flying P8818 was shot down in a scrap with Messerschmitt Bf.109's over Tunbridge Wells and was killed. His promotion to flight lieutenant was only gazetted on 29 October.” 25 He was cremated, and his ashes were scattered over his father’s grave at Parnham House. 26 His death was reported The Evening Post 27 a month after his death, together with the photo at the top of this article, when the news made it back to New Zealand.

(Jones, 2010) (Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC – Part 2, n.d.)

23 (Jones, 2010) 24 (Page 4674 | Issue 34910, 30 July 1940 | London Gazette | The Gazette, 1940) 25 (Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC – Part 2, n.d.)

26 (Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC, n.d.)

27 ('Flight Lt. Rhodes Moorhouse'. In Evening Post, Volume CXXX, Issue 80, page 8, 1940) 21 22

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Figure 10: De Havilland Vampire F.3 wearing the unit markings of No. 601 Squadron. RuthAS, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Read more of William Henry’s story: Interested in reading more about William Henry Rhodes-Moorhouse’s life? You can browse the sources cited in the story above in the following bibliography, but here are just a few of the accounts we found in our research that really brought the story to life: •

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Jones, H. (2010, December 14). 601 Squadron: Millionaire flying aces of World War II. Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-11951642 Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC – Part 2. (n.d.). Retrieved from The unofficial website for Hatfield in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom: http://www.hatfield-herts.co.uk/aviation/moorhouse2.html The Airmen's Stories - F/Lt. W H Rhodes-Moorhouse. (2007). Retrieved from Battle of Britain London Monument: https://www.bbm.org.uk/airmen/Rhodes-Moorhouse.htm

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While researching, we came across the below title about the 601 Squadron – unfortunately not held by Wellington City Libraries, but available from Hamilton City Libraries. If you would be interested in loaning this title, please contact our Interloans Service.

The Millionaires' Squadron : the remarkable story of 601 Squadron and the Flying Sword,

by Tom Moulson ISBN: 9781783463398 Pen & Sword Aviation, 2014 “Imagined by an aristocrat in White's Club, London in 1925, a part-time squadron of wealthy young men with their own private aircraft was incorporated into a newly-established combat-ready Auxiliary Air Force, first as bombers, then fighters. The pre-war years combined serious training with frivolity and mischief, but the outbreak of war in 1939 changed that. Despite their social rank the pilots were thrust into the heart of the action, with mortality proving to be the great social leveler.” (Publisher’s description)

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FILM SCREENING IN 2015

Figure 11: Promotional slide for our screening of Dancing in the Sky

On Friday 24 April 2015, Wellington Central Library held two screenings of Awa Films’ Dancing in the Sky, a one-hour documentary on the life of William Rhodes-Moorhouse, directed by Julian Arahanga.

The role of William was played by Tammy Davis and the film was supported by Peter Jackson and The Vintage Aviation, who funded the re-creation of a World War I aircraft. This film was first viewed on Māori Television on ANZAC Day, April 22 2011, and is available from AWA Films.

You can find the film in our collection, but it is also available to view online, on YouTube, as well as via our Beamafilm online film collection (to access Beamafilm for free, you’ll need to create your library account).

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Bibliography [Wellington] Māori Land Court Minute Book, Vol 2, page 87. (n.d.).

A progression of flight - timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from Science Learning Hub | Pokapū Akoranga Pūtaiao: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1691-a-progression-of-flighttimeline Ashcroft, M. (. (2013, May). “My hero of the month” for Britain at War. Retrieved 2020, from Lord Ashcroft: https://www.lordashcroft.com/2013/05/my-hero-of-the-month-for-britain-at-war4/ Best, S. (2013). Frontiers : a colonial dynasty. Wellington: Steele Roberts Aotearoa.

'English Weddings'. In The Evening Post, Issue 87, page 15. (1936, October 9). Retrieved 2020, from PapersPast: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19361009.2.179 'Flight Lt. Rhodes Moorhouse'. In Evening Post, Volume CXXX, Issue 80, page 8. (1940, October 1).

Retrieved 2020, from PapersPast: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19401001.2.80.1 Hashagen, J. (2012, March 8). Wedding dress designed by Titanic survivor unveiled – on centenary of disaster. Retrieved 2020, from The Bowes Museum: https://thebowesmuseum.org.uk/wedding-dress-designed-by-titanic-survivor-unveiled-oncentenary-of-disaster/ 'In his father's footsteps'. In The Evening Post, Issue 36, page 12. (1937, August 11). Retrieved 2020, from PapersPast: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19370811.2.123 Jones, H. (2010, December 14). 601 Squadron: Millionaire flying aces of World War II. Retrieved 2020, from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-11951642 Lieutenant William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse Snr. VC - killed in France but buried at home. (2024, January 10). Retrieved 2020, from Commonwealth War Graves Commission: https://www.cwgc.org/stories/stories/lieutenant-william-barnard-rhodes-moorhouse-snrvc-killed-in-france-but-buried-at-home/ London, P. (2014, 12 28). Dorset’s aerial hero – William Rhodes Moorhouse. Retrieved 2020, from Wayback Machine: Dorset Life - The Dorset Magazine: https://web.archive.org/web/20141228053147/https://www.dorsetlife.co.uk/2014/12/dors ets-aerial-hero-william-rhodes-moorhouse/ Ministry for Culture and Heritage. (2014, August 21). William Rhodes-Moorhouse. Retrieved 2020, from NZ History: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/william-rhodes-moorhouse Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC – Part 2. (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from The unofficial website for Hatfield in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom: http://www.hatfieldherts.co.uk/aviation/moorhouse2.html Moorhouse, Rhodes and Rhodes-Moorhouse VC, DFC. (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from The unofficial website for Hatfield in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom: http://www.hatfieldherts.co.uk/aviation/moorhouse.html Moseley, S. (2009, August). Parnham House, a family home again. Retrieved 2020, from Wayback Machine: Dorset Life | The Dorset Magazine: 17 | P a g e

https://web.archive.org/web/20110926171351/https:/www.dorsetlife.co.uk/2009/08/parn ham-house-a-family-home-again/ Mower, S. (2012, April 13). A Scandal Survives: The Story of Fashion Designer (and Titanic Passenger) Lucile. Retrieved 2020, from Vogue: https://www.vogue.com/article/a-scandal-survives-thestory-of-fashion-designer-and-titanic-passenger-lucile Page 4674 | Issue 34910, 30 July 1940 | London Gazette | The Gazette. (1940, July 30). Retrieved 2020, from The Gazette: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34910/page/4674/data.htm Page 4990 | Supplement 29170, 21 May 1915 | London Gazette. (1915, May 21). Retrieved 2020, from The Gazette: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29170/supplement/4990 Patterson, B. (1990). Rhodes, William Barnard. Retrieved 2024, from Dictionary of New Zealand Biography on Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand: https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1r7/rhodes-william-barnard The Airmen's Stories - F/Lt. W H Rhodes-Moorhouse. (2007). Retrieved 2020, from Battle of Britain London Monument: https://www.bbm.org.uk/airmen/Rhodes-Moorhouse.htm The bride, Linda Beatrice Morritt, wearing the Lucile dress. (1912, June 25). Retrieved 2020, from The Bowes Museum's Blog: https://thebowesmuseum.wordpress.com/2012/03/08/weddingdress-designed-by-titanic-survivor-unveiled-on-centenary-of-disaster/#jp-carousel-176 The Honorable William Barnard Rhodes at or before 9 May 1807–11 February 1878 (Person). (n.d.).

Retrieved 2020, from New Zealand Electronic Text Collection Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa: https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-133355.html The Rhodes Family’s 164-year-old wedding dress and waistcoat. (2016, September 27). Retrieved 2020, from Te Papa Blog: https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2016/09/27/yes-to-a-164-year-oldwedding-dress-and-waistcoat/ Turton, H. H. (1878). Deeds—No. 423 in Maori Deeds of Old Private Land Purchases in New Zealand, From the Year 1815 to 1840, with Pre-Emptive and Other Claims. Retrieved 2020, from New Zealand Electronic Text Collection Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa: https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TurOldP-t1-g1-g1-g13-g5.html#name-133355mention Turton, H. H. (1878). Deeds—No. 424 in Maori Deeds of Old Private Land Purchases in New Zealand, From the Year 1815 to 1840, with Pre-Emptive and Other Claims. Retrieved 2020, from New Zealand Electronic Text Collection Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa: https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TurOldP-t1-g1-g1-g13-g6.html#name-133355mention Ward, L. E. (1928). Early Wellington. Retrieved 2020, from New Zealand Electronic Text Collection Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa: https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WarEarl.html Wellington City Council. (n.d.). Memorial Trail at Bolton Street Memorial Park. Retrieved 2020, from Friends of Bolton Cemetery: https://boltoncemetery.org.nz/app/uploads/2015/04/Memorial_Trail.pdf William Barnard Rhodes. (n.d.). Retrieved 2020, from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barnard_Rhodes 18 | P a g e

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