Test Bank For Data Visualization Exploring and Explaining with Data 2nd Edition By Jeffrey Camm, Jam

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The graphical representation of data and information using displays such as charts, graphs, and maps is known as data _____. a. visualization b. mining c. analytics d. science 2. The set of analytical tools that describe what has happened and includes techniques such as data queries, reports, descriptive or summary statistics, and data visualization is _____. a. descriptive analytics b. predictive analytics c. prescriptive analytics d. diagnostic analytics 3. What field of analytics consists of techniques that use mathematical models constructed from past data to predict future events or better understand the relationships between variables? a. Descriptive analytics b. Predictive analytics c. Prescriptive analytics d. Restorative analytics 4. Mathematical or logical models that suggest a decision or course of action and include mathematical optimization models, decision analysis, and heuristic or rule-based systems is the field of _____ a. descriptive analytics b. predictive analytics c. prescriptive analytics d. restorative analytics 5. The scientific process of transforming data into insights for making better decisions is _____. a. analytics b. visualization c. surveying d. sampling 6. Descriptive analytics is the set of analytical tools that describe __________. a. what has happened b. what may happen c. a course of action to take d. future trends 7. Predictive analytics consists of techniques that use mathematical models constructed from past data to predict future events or __________. a. describe what has happened in the past Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction b. better understand the relationships between variables c. determine a course of action for the future d. suggest a decision 8. Prescriptive analytics are mathematical or logical models that __________. a. describe the past b. predict the future c. suggest a decision or course of action d. describe a relationship between two variables 9. Data for which numerical values are used to indicate magnitude, such as how many or how much, are referred to as: a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Categorical d. Ordinal 10. What type of data is that for which categories of like items are identified by labels or names? a. Quantitative b. Numerical c. Categorical d. Arithmetic 11. Which of the following arithmetic operations can be performed on categorical data? a. Addition b. Subtraction c. Multiplication d. None of these choices 12. If we collect data on the number of wins each team in the NFL had during the 2023–2024 season, we have __________ data. a. cross-sectional b. time series c. nonhistorical d. survey 13. If we collect data on the number of wins the Dallas Cowboys earned each of the past 10 years, we have __________ data. a. cross-sectional b. time series c. nonhistorical d. survey 14. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable? a. Manufacturer of a cell phone b. A person’s gender Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction c. Mileage of a car d. Whether a person is a college graduate 15. Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable? a. Air temperature b. Whether a person has a traffic violation c. Bank account balance d. Value of company stock 16. A _____ variable takes on values that are numbers on the real number line. a. qualitative b. quantitative c. categorical d. nominative 17. The class ranking of a college student is an example of a(n) ____ variable. a. categorical b. quantitative c. ratio d. interval 18. The change in the daily price of a stock is what type of variable? a. Categorical b. Quantitative c. Ordinal d. Random 19. The ______ industry uses data visualization and Benford’s Law to detect fraud. a. accounting b. finance c. human resources d. sports 20. Like accounting, _____ is numerical and data-driven and uses data visualization for recognizing trends, assessing risk, and tracking actual versus forecasted values of metrics of concern. a. engineering b. finance c. human resources d. sports 21. With the increased use of analytics in business, human resources management (HRM) has become much more datadriven. Indeed, HRM is sometimes now referred to as _____. a. hiring analytics b. people analytics c. human resources analytics Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction d. data hiring 22. A key interest of human resources management professionals is employee churn, which refers to the _____. a. productivity of employees b. turnover in an organization’s workforce c. daily email count in the organization d. hiring standards of a company 23. Analytics is used in the _____ industry for optimal pricing, markdown pricing for seasonal goods, and optimal allocation of budget? a. human resources management b. marketing c. sports d. engineering 24. Sentiment analysis using text data such as tweets is an example of how data visualization can be used to support more effective _____. a. auditing b. marketing c. stock pricing d. scientific research 25. Website analytics for understanding website traffic and sales is an example of how data visualization can be used to support more effective _____. a. auditing b. marketing c. stock pricing d. scientific research 26. Data visualization can help which industry for planning and scheduling, inventory planning, and demand forecasting? a. Accounting b. Operations management c. Sports d. Scientific research 27. The use of analytics for player evaluation and on-field strategy is now common throughout _____. a. accounting b. operations management c. professional sports d. scientific research 28. Because engineering relies heavily on mathematics and data, what is an important technique in every engineer’s tool kit? a. Data visualization b. Writing skill Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction c. Artistic ability d. Scientific research 29. In the natural sciences, data are often _____, so maps are used frequently. a. geographic b. quantitative c. ordinal d. weather-related 30. In accounting, data visualization is used to detect outliers that could be an indication of a data error or _____. a. fraud b. high stock prices c. employee turnover d. an unusual weather pattern 31. Any set of data that is too large or too complex to be handled by standard data-processing techniques using a typical desktop computer is referred to as _____. a. big data b. audio data c. video data d. text data 32. A type of big data is _____. a. text data b. video data c. audio data d. All of these choices are correct.

33. A _____ shows the progression of a numerical variable for various categories from larger to smaller values. a. time series plot b. bar chart c. control chart d. funnel chart 34. A _____ depicts possible flows through a system using a line for each possible path. a. time series plot b. spaghetti chart c. control chart d. funnel chart 35. A _____ displays the location of shots attempted by a player during a basketball game with different symbols or colors indicating successful and unsuccessful shots. a. player plot b. basketball chart c. control chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction d. shot chart 36. A high-low-close stock chart is particularly useful for analysts in the _____ industry. a. finance b. human resources c. professional sports d. marketing 37. A _____ shows three numerical values: high value, low value, and closing value for the price of a share of stock over time. a. high-low-close stock chart b. box and whiskers plot c. clustered bar chart d. control chart 38. A _____ displays a variable of interest plotted over time relative to lower and upper control limits. a. high-low-close stock chart b. funnel chart c. clustered bar chart d. control chart 39. The image shown below is an example of a _____.

a. time series plot b. spaghetti chart c. control chart d. funnel chart 40. The following chart displays ______.

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Chapter 1 Introduction

a. high and low stock prices b. production timelines c. actual sales d. control limits 41. The following chart is an example of a _____.

a. high-low-close stock chart b. box and whiskers plot c. clustered bar chart d. control chart 42. The following chart is an example of a _____.

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Chapter 1 Introduction

a. player plot b. basketball chart c. control chart d. shot chart.

43. The following chart is an example of a _____.

a. scatter chart b. bubble chart c. clustered bar chart d. control chart 44. Based on the following chart, the type of data being graphed is _____.

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Chapter 1 Introduction

a. quantitative b. categorical c. qualitative d. Cannot be determined 45. Based on the following control chart, an engineer might be concerned with data point _____.

a. 11 b. 8 c. 3 d. 18 46. The following chart is an example of a _____.

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Chapter 1 Introduction

a. time series plot b. bar chart c. control chart d. funnel chart 47. The following chart is an example of a _____.

a. stacked column chart b. scatter plot c. control chart d. funnel chart 48. Which of these is an example of a categorical variable? a. Brand of jeans b. Price paid for pair of jeans c. Distance to store to purchase jeans d. Pairs of jeans owned Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction 49. Which of the following is an example of time series data? a. VISA balances of 30 students on December 31 of this year b. Net earnings reported by Xena Corp. for the last 10 quarters c. Dollar exchange rates yesterday against 10 other world currencies d. Titles of the top 10 movies in total revenue last week 50. Which of the following is NOT an example of time series data? a. Closing checkbook balances of 30 students on December 31 of this year b. Net earnings reported by Xena Corp. for the last 10 quarters c. Dollar/euro exchange rates at 12 noon GMT for the last 30 days d. Movie attendance at a certain theater for each Saturday last year

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Chapter 1 Introduction Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. c 11. d 12. a 13. b 14. c 15. b 16. b 17. a 18. b 19. a 20. b 21. b 22. b 23. b 24. b 25. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1 Introduction 26. b 27. c 28. a 29. a 30. a 31. a 32. d 33. d 34. b 35. d 36. a 37. a 38. d 39. b 40. d 41. a 42. d 43. a 44. a 45. a 46. a 47. a 48. a 49. b 50. a

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Chapter 1.1 Appendix Introduction to Data Visualization with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is Power BI Desktop? a. A spreadsheet software b. A word processing software c. A business intelligence software d. A database management software 2. What is the file extension for saving a file in Power BI Desktop? a. .pbi b. .pbix c. .ppt d. .xlsx 3. How can you change the data type of a variable in Power BI Desktop? a. Select the variable in the Data pane, go to the Formatting group, and change the data type. b. Select the variable in the Data pane, go to the Structure group, and change the data type. c. Double-click the variable in the Data pane and change the data type. d. Right-click the variable in the Data pane and select "Change Data Type."

4. What is the purpose of the Σ symbol before a variable name in the Data pane in Power BI Desktop? a. It indicates that the variable is numeric. b. It indicates that the variable is text. c. It indicates that Power BI Desktop has summed the variable across categories or time periods. d. It indicates that the variable is a calculated field.

5. In Power BI Desktop, what is the default view when you open the application? a. Model view b. Data view c. Report view d. Relationships view 6. In Power BI Desktop, what is the purpose of the Navigator dialog box when importing data from an Excel file? a. To select the worksheet to import b. To preview the data before loading c. To specify the file path d. To choose the data type for each column 7. In Power BI Desktop, what is the purpose of the Calculations group in the Table tools tab? a. To create new visualizations b. To modify the data types c. To add new columns or tables based on existing data d. To filter the data 8. In Power BI Desktop, what does the comma button in the Formatting group of the Column tools tab do?

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Chapter 1.1 Appendix Introduction to Data Visualization with Power BI a. Adds a comma separator to the values b. Removes any comma separators from the values c. Formats the values as currency d. Formats the values as percentages

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Chapter 1.1 Appendix Introduction to Data Visualization with Power BI Answer Key 1. c 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a

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Chapter 1.2 Appendix Introduction to Data Visualization with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is Tableau Desktop? a. A spreadsheet software b. A word processing software that integrates data c. A database management software d. A data visualization software 2. What is the difference between a Live Connection and an Extract Connection in Tableau Desktop? a. A Live Connection updates visualizations as the source data changes, while an Extract Connection does not. b. An Extract Connection updates visualizations as the source data changes, while a Live Connection does not. c. There is no difference between a Live Connection and an Extract Connection. d. A Live Connection and an Extract Connection are not related to updating visualizations.

3. In Tableau Desktop, what are the specific areas within a worksheet where fields are placed to build visualizations? a. Tables and fields b. Rows and columns c. Cards and shelves d. Canvas and marks 4. What does a blue pill represent in Tableau Desktop? a. Continuous data b. Discrete data c. Text data d. Number data 5. How can you update visualizations in Tableau Desktop when using a Live Connection? a. Click "File" and select "Update Visualizations" b. Click "Data" and select "Refresh Data Source" c. Click "Worksheet" and select "Update Data" d. Click "Visualizations" and select "Refresh" 6. What is the difference between a Tableau Desktop Workbook (.twb) and a Tableau Desktop Packaged Workbook (.twbx)? a. A .twb file contains a link to the data source, while a .twbx file contains the data source. b. A .twbx file contains a link to the data source, while a .twb file contains the data source. c. There is no difference between a .twb file and a .twbx file. d. A .twb file and a .twbx file are not related to data sources.

7. What are the colored pills in the Data pane of a Tableau Desktop Worksheet called? a. Marks b. Shelves c. Fields d. Cards Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 1.2 Appendix Introduction to Data Visualization with Tableau 8. In Tableau Desktop, what is the purpose of the Discover section on the start page? a. To connect to data sources b. To open sample data sets c. To provide information on using Tableau d. To create and discover insights through new visualizations 9. In Tableau Desktop, what is the purpose of the Canvas area in the Worksheet view? a. To display the data tables b. To create calculated fields c. To display the visualization being created d. To change the data source 10. In Tableau Desktop, which data type is represented by the globe icon? a. Text (string) b. Date c. Boolean d. Spatial (geographic) 11. In Tableau Desktop, what does a green pill represent? a. Discrete data b. Continuous data c. Text data d. Boolean data 12. In Tableau Desktop, what happens when you save a Workbook (.twb) and the linked data source file is moved or deleted? a. The visualizations in the Workbook will still function normally. b. The visualizations in the Workbook will display an error message. c. The visualizations in the Workbook will appear blank. d. The Workbook will automatically update the file path to the new location of the data source.

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Chapter 1.2 Appendix Introduction to Data Visualization with Tableau Answer Key 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. d 11. b 12. c

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Composition is _________. a. what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration b. the relative order of items c. how two variables are related to one another d. how items are dispersed 2. Ranking is _________. a. what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration b. the relative order of items c. how two variables are related to one another d. how items are dispersed 3. Correlation/relationship is _________. a. what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration b. the relative order of items c. how two variables are related to one another d. how items are dispersed 4. Distribution is _________. a. what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration b. the relative order of items c. how two variables are related to one another d. how items are dispersed 5. Which chart type is most appropriate to visualize the relationship between two quantitative variables? a. Column chart b. Pie chart c. Bar chart d. Scatter chart 6. Which chart type is most appropriate to summarize data about categories? a. Bubble chart b. Histogram c. Bar chart d. Scatter chart 7. By following the textbook’s suggested steps, what is the first step in creating a bar chart in Excel? a. Click the Chart Elements button. b. Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon. c. Select cells where data are contained. d. Click the Insert Column or Bar Chart button.

8. By following the textbook’s suggested steps, what is the first step in creating a scatter chart in Excel?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type a. Click the Chart Elements button. b. Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon. c. Select cells where data are contained. d. Click the Insert Scatter (X, Y) or Bubble Chart button.

9. Once a bubble chart has been created in Excel, one can edit which variables correspond to the various dimensions (horizontal, vertical, or bubble size) by first ___________. a. right-clicking any bubble b. reselecting the data in a different order c. deleting the chart and starting over d. clicking the Insert Column or Bar Chart button 10. In the line chart creation process, which chart editing option suggests continuity between the connection points and makes it easier for the reader to see and interpret changes that have occurred over time? a. Scatter with Straight Lines and Markers b. Clustered Column c. Series Bubble Size d. Monochrome Color Scheme 11. Which editing option has been applied to a standard bar chart to create the following comparative bar chart?

a. Edit the bar chart and select Stacked Column b. Edit the bar chart and select Clustered Column Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type c. Edit the bar chart and select Scatter with Straight Lines and Markers d. Edit the bar chart and select Series Bubble Size 12. To create a choropleth map in Excel, by following the textbook’s suggested steps, step 3 is to click the ___________ button in the Charts group. a. Spatial b. Geographic c. Choropleth d. Maps 13. To achieve the colored and shading effect shown in this heat map, use the options in the ____________ menu.

a. Format Data Labels b. Chart Options c. Conditional Formatting d. Insert Chart 14. Visual methods of displaying data are __________. a. tables b. charts c. Pivot Tables d. crosstabs 15. The following graph is an example of a __________.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. sparkline b. trendline c. gridline d. line chart 16. Jordan needs to display data over time. Which of the following charts should he use? a. Scatter chart b. Pie chart c. Bar chart d. Line chart 17. This Excel stacked bar chart displays the demographics of a business analysis class. Approximately how many students are in the class?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. 175 b. 150 c. 105 d. 130 18. This bar chart displays the demographics of a business analysis class. How many male students are in the class?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. 30 b. 50 c. 80 d. 130 19. Fantasia would like to create a graph to display the number of males and females in her class who scored an A, B, C, D, or F on the last test. Which of the following types of graph should she use? a. Stacked column chart b. Scatter chart c. Pie chart d. Heat map 20. The two types of charts that are helpful in making comparisons between categorical variables are __________. a. bar charts and scatter charts b. scatter charts and line charts c. bar charts and column charts d. column charts and line charts 21. An alternative for a stacked column chart when comparing more than two quantitative variables in each category is a __________. a. stacked bar chart b. clustered column chart c. pie chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type d. clustered bar chart 22. In order to visualize hierarchical data along multiple dimensions, use a ____________. a. heat map b. hierarchical map c. treemap d. map of multiple hierarchy 23. This clustered bar chart represents the performance of a call center.

The chart allows the IT manager to identify __________. a. how often a problem is related to hardware b. the frequency of a particular type of problem by location c. which city contains the most customers d. the percent of customers who do not have one of the listed problems 24. Bistra needs to compare the number of employees by job title for the last five years. Which of the following charts should she use? a. Scatter chart b. Bubble chart c. Clustered column (bar) chart d. Line chart 25. The following chart plots miles per gallon (MPG) versus weight of the car for a particular data set. Which type of chart is this?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. Scatter chart b. Bubble chart c. Stock chart d. Line chart 26. Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal?

a. Goal: To Show a Relationship b. Goal: To Show Distribution c. Goal: To Show Composition d. Goal: To Show Ranking 27. Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal?

a. Goal: To Show a Relationship Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type b. Goal: To Show Distribution c. Goal: To Show Composition d. Goal: To Show Ranking 28. Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal?

a. Goal: To Show a Relationship b. Goal: To Show Distribution c. Goal: To Show Composition d. Goal: To Show Ranking 29. Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal?

a. Goal: To Show a Relationship b. Goal: To Show Distribution c. Goal: To Show Composition d. Goal: To Show Ranking 30. Should you use a bar chart or a pie chart to display categorical data? a. A bar chart, since science has shown that we are better at assessing differences in length than angle and area. b. A pie chart, since science has shown that we are better at assessing differences in angle and area than length. c. A bar chart, as it has more color aspects. d. A pie chart, because it is simpler to create.

31. A radar chart displays multiple quantitative variables on a polar grid with an axis for each variable and should be avoided. Which of these is an appropriate alternative to a radar chart? a. A choropleth b. A 3D bubble chart c. A treemap d. A clustered column chart 32. The following graph is an example of a(n) _________ and should be avoided. To convey the same information but in Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type a simpler, less cluttered way, use a __________.

a. area chart; line chart b. area chart; pie chart c. radar chart; line chart d. radar chart; pie chart 33. In which year did South Sales surpass North Sales?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. During Year 7 b. At the start of Year 8 c. During Year 6 d. South Sales did not surpass North Sales 34. The following line chart would be more appropriate than the bar chart if __________.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. the minimums and maximums are important to display b. the variables are completely independent c. the data collected have an important time series component denoted by the x-axis d. the x-variable data are older than the y-variable data Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type 35. The following table shows the average monthly distance traveled (in billions of miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years.

Year Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Jan. 4.22 4.31 4.38 4.45 4.51

Feb. 5.32 5.44 5.51 5.59 5.65

Mar. 5.21 5.34 5.41 5.5 5.62

Apr. 5.12 5.24 5.36 5.41 5.49

May 4.92 4.98 4.98 5.01 5.12

June 4.49 4.59 4.63 4.72 4.8

July 4.55 4.68 4.71 4.78 4.88

Aug. 4.49 4.65 4.78 4.79 4.82

Sept.

4.44 4.61 4.82 4.82 4.95

Oct. 4.39 4.68 4.88 4.92 5.12

Nov. 4.37 4.74 4.85 5.06 5.22

Dec. 4.35 4.79 4.89 5.11 5.44

Which chart would be suitable for gaining insight on the months and years that had the highest average distance traveled? a. Pie chart b. Scatter chart c. Heat map d. Bubble chart 36. The following chart shows the average monthly distance traveled (in billions of miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years.

Urban Highways - Average Monthly Distance Traveled by Vehicles (Billion Miles) Years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1 4.22 5.32 5.12 5.12 4.92 4.49 4.55 4.49 4.44 4.39 4.37 4.35 Year 2 4.31 5.44 5.24 5.24 4.98 4.59 4.68 4.65 4.61 4.68 4.74 4.79 Year 3 4.38 5.51 5.36 5.36 4.98 4.63 4.71 4.78 4.82 4.88 4.85 4.89 Year 4 4.45 5.59 5.41 5.41 5.01 4.72 4.78 4.79 4.82 4.92 5.06 5.11 Year 5 4.51 5.65 5.49 5.49 5.12 4.8 4.88 4.82 4.95 5.12 5.22 5.44 Whi ch type of chart is being used here to display these data? a. Pie chart b. Scatter chart c. Heat map d. Bubble chart 37. The following clustered column chart is clustered by which variable?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

a. Employment status b. Age category c. Employment status % d. Color 38. Approximately how much higher is the percentage of part-time employed 18- to 24-year-olds compared to full-time employed 35- to 44-year-olds?

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a. 10% b. 30% c. 50% d. 60% 39. In order to visualize three variables in a two-dimensional graph, we use a __________. a. 2D chart b. 3D chart c. bubble chart d. column chart 40. Three months after the launch of five new products in the market, a consumer electronics company arrived at the following results.

Products Profit (%) Market Share (%) Cost ($) A 19 18 4,500 B 28 12 3,000 C 15 25 8,750 D 22 35 6,250 E 16 10 2,500

An analyst has created a scatter chart of profit and market share variables. After reviewing it, the analyst also wants to include cost. Which type of chart should the analyst create? a. 2D chart b. 3D chart c. Bubble chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type d. Column chart 41. The following heat map shows the average monthly distance traveled (in billions of miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years.

Urban Highways - Average Monthly Distance Traveled by Vehicles (Billion Miles) Years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1 4.22 5.32 5.12 5.12 4.92 4.49 4.55 4.49 4.44 4.39 4.37 4.35 Year 2 4.31 5.44 5.24 5.24 4.98 4.59 4.68 4.65 4.61 4.68 4.74 4.79 Year 3 4.38 5.51 5.36 5.36 4.98 4.63 4.71 4.78 4.82 4.88 4.85 4.89 Year 4 4.45 5.59 5.41 5.41 5.01 4.72 4.78 4.79 4.82 4.92 5.06 5.11 Year 5 4.51 5.65 5.49 5.49 5.12 4.8 4.88 4.82 4.95 5.12 5.22 5.44 Which months tend to have the highest average monthly distance traveled, regardless of the year? a. February, March, and April b. June, July, and August c. March, April, and May d. August, September, and October

42. A local search service company conducts surveys on the number of service centers available in three major cities for different brands of automobiles with an objective to improve services to customers. Using the graph below, identify which manufacturer has the most service centers.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type

43. The data on the distance walked per week by 20 people of different age groups are given in the following table.

Age Distance Walked/Week 18 25 20 22 21 20 25 23 26 18 29 15 38 19 34 16 42 14 23 21 32 24 45 13 50 11 53 9 44 10 19 28 28 26 35 17 49 12 27 27 a. Create a scatter chart for these 20 observations.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type b. What can you say about the relationship between the two quantitative variables?

44. Consider the following data on 30 different investments and their maturity values after 15 years.

Investment Future Value $1,500 $ 3,119 2,000 4,158 2,200 4,574 2,480 5,156 2,850 5,925 3,250 6,757 3,560 7,401 3,890 8,088 4,180 8,690 4,390 9,127 4,550 9,460 4,800 9,979 5,150 10,707 5,320 11,060 5,510 11,455 5,760 11,975 6,140 12,765 6,300 13,098 6,480 13,472 6,590 13,701 6,712 13,954 6,900 14,345 7,110 14,782 7,480 15,551 7,590 15,780 7,670 15,946 7,700 16,008 7,840 16,299 8,010 16,653 8,500 17,671 a. Prepare a scatter chart to show the relationship between the variables of investment and future value. Comment on any relationship between the variables. b. Create a trendline for the relationship between investment and future value. What does the trendline indicate about this relationship?

45. A survey on the average pass percentage achieved by four of the top-ranked colleges in a city for five different years was conducted to rate the quality of teaching in each of these colleges. The following table gives the survey results.

Colleges Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 College 1 65 67 63 68 70 College 2 70 75 77 82 75 College 3 88 95 90 97 98 College 4 55 57 53 59 55 a. Construct a line chart for the time series data for Years 1 through 5 showing the average pass percentage in each Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type college. Show the time series for all four colleges on the same graph. b. What does the line chart indicate about the average pass percentage of the colleges between Years 1 through 5?

Discuss. c. Construct a clustered column chart showing average pass percentage in each college using the data for Years 1 through 5. Represent the years along the horizontal axis, and cluster the average pass percentages for the four colleges in each year. Which college is leading in each year?

46. Growth is the primary focus for many companies. A key factor in analyzing the growth of a company is the number of resources/employees working for the company over a period of time. A start-up company’s growth in terms of the increase in number of employees per month over a span of two years is shown in the following table.

Number of Month Employees 1 40 2 48 3 50 4 52 5 49 6 54 7 57 8 53 9 60 10 64 11 68 12 70 13 73 14 76 15 72 16 75 17 79 18 80 19 84 20 82 21 86 22 89 23 94 24 100 a. Create a line chart for these time series data. What can you conclude about the increase in the number of employees over these 24 months? b. Fit a linear trendline to the data. What does the trendline indicate about the increase in number of employees over these 24 months?

47. The data on the runs scored in a match by the top five players of a cricket team are given in the following table.

Players Runs Scored Player 1 42 Player 2 35 Player 3 53 Player 4 29 Player 5 39 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type a. Create a column chart to display the information for the cricket team. Format the column chart to best display the data by adding axes labels, a chart title, etc. b. Sort the values in Excel so that the column chart is ordered from most runs scored to fewest. c. Insert data labels to display the runs scored by each player above the columns in the column chart obtained in part (b).

48. The total number of runs scored by the top five players in a cricket match is 198. The following pie chart shows the percentage of runs scored by each player.

a. What are the problems with using a pie chart to display these data? b. What type of chart would be preferred for displaying the data in this pie chart? c. Use a different type of chart to display the percentage of runs scored by each player that conveys the data better than the pie chart. Format the chart and add data labels to improve the chart’s readability.

49. Research was conducted on a sample of 1,000 males and 1,000 females to study the kind of movie most men and women prefer to watch. The results are shown in the following table.

Movie Type Male Female Action 294 226 Comedy 264 276 Horror 237 200 Romance 205 298 a. Construct a clustered column chart with the type of movie as the horizontal variable. b. What can be inferred from the clustered column chart in part (a)?

50. Consider the following survey results regarding marital status by age.

Age Category Never Married (%) Married (%) Divorced (%) 18–24 49 35 16 25–34 44 35 21 35–44 28 45 27 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type 45–54

22

58

20

a. Construct a stacked column chart to display the survey data on marital status. Use age category as the variable on the horizontal axis. b. Construct a clustered column chart to display the survey data on marital status. Use age category as the variable on the horizontal axis. c. What can be inferred about the relationship between age and marital status from the column charts in parts (a) and (b)?

Which column chart (stacked or clustered) is most helpful for interpreting this relationship? Why?

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type Answer Key 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. c 8. c 9. a 10. a 11. a 12. d 13. c 14. b 15. d 16. d 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. c 21. b 22. c 23. b 24. c 25. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type 26. a 27. b 28. c 29. d 30. a 31. d 32. a 33. a 34. c 35. c 36. c 37. b 38. b 39. c 40. c 41. a 42. Mercedes-Benz has the most service centers.

43. a. b. There appears to be a negative linear relationship between the person’s age and the distance they walked.

44. a.

There appears to be a positive linear relationship between investment and future value. As investment increases, future value also increases. b.

The trendline confirms that there is a positive linear trend between investment and future value.

45. a. b. College 3 has the highest average pass percentage for Years 1 through 5 followed by College 2, College 1, and College 4. This performance has been consistent throughout the five years. c.

We observe that College 3 consistently leads in each year.

46. a.

There was a slight change in the number of employees for the first 9 months. The number of employees increased steadily Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2 Selecting a Chart Type through the first 14 months before falling in the 15th month and then increasing again up to 24 months. Overall, the number of employees increased over the 24 months. b.

The trendline confirms that there is an overall linear trend in the increase in the number of employees over these 24 months.

47. a. b. Sorting can be done by selecting the data in Excel and then using the Sort function in the Sort & Filter group under the Data tab. c. Data labels can be added by right-clicking on one of the columns in the chart and selecting Add Data Labels.

48. a. In the pie chart, it is difficult to perceive differences in area. It can also be difficult to distinguish the different colors in the pie chart. Finally, it takes a lot of work for the reader to match the players to the different pieces of the pie chart. b. A sorted column or bar chart would be preferable to display the data in this pie chart. c.

49. a. b. From the chart, we observe that most men prefer to watch action movies and most women prefer to watch romance movies. However, the references for comedy movies are almost evenly distributed across the genders, and a horror movie is preferred more by men when compared to women.

50. a. b. c. Younger respondents are more likely to never be married, and older respondents are more likely to be married. The clustered column chart makes it easier to compare the relative percent values within an age category. The percentage of respondents who were never married is high in the age groups 18–24 and 25–34. The percentage of respondents who are married is high in the age group 45–54 and those who are divorced is high in the age group 35–44.

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Chapter 2.1 Appendix Creating and Modifying Charts with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the first step in creating a chart in Power BI? a. Select the desired chart type b. Connect Power BI to the data file c. Drag variables to the X-axis and Y-axis boxes d. Expand the size of the chart 2. In Power BI, where can you find the option to select the desired chart type? a. Data pane b. Visualizations pane c. Format visual button d. Ribbon 3. What should you do if the variable you want to use for the X-axis or Y-axis of a scatter chart in Power BI is being summarized? a. Leave it summarized b. Convert it to "Don't Summarize" c. Convert it to "Count" d. Convert it to "Average" 4. In Power BI, which option allows you to adjust the range of the vertical axis in a chart? a. Legend b. Axis c. Range d. Gridlines 5. What is the purpose of the Shape map visual in Power BI? a. To create a scatter chart b. To create a line chart c. To create a choropleth map d. To create a bubble chart 6. In Power BI, what does toggling the "On" button to "Off" for the Legend option do? a. Hides the legend b. Deletes the legend c. Changes the legend position d. Formats the legend text 7. In Power BI, which option allows you to adjust the font size of the vertical axis labels? a. X-axis settings b. Y-axis settings c. Legend settings d. Title settings Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2.1 Appendix Creating and Modifying Charts with Power BI Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. a 7. b

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Chapter 2.2 Appendix Creating and Modifying Charts with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the purpose of adding a variable to the Detail card in Tableau when creating a scatter chart? a. To create a separate point for each category in that variable b. To color-code the points by category c. To adjust the size of the points d. To label the points with the category names 2. In Tableau, which option in the Show Me tool creates a line chart with multiple lines from measures? a. Line chart b. Dual Lines c. Multiple Lines d. Layered Lines 3. What is the first step in creating a chart in Tableau? a. Select the desired chart type b. Connect Tableau to the data file c. Drag variables to the Columns and Rows shelves d. Format the chart elements 4. In Tableau, which option allows you to adjust the font size of the data labels in a chart? a. Worksheet settings b. Axis settings c. Legend settings d. Title settings 5. In Tableau, what is the purpose of converting a variable to "Discrete" when creating a column or bar chart? a. To create a continuous axis b. To create a categorical axis c. To summarize the data d. To plot individual data points 6. What is the difference between a clustered column chart and a stacked column chart in Tableau? a. Clustered charts have a single categorical variable, while stacked charts have multiple categorical variables. b. Clustered charts have multiple measure variables side-by-side, while stacked charts have multiple measure variables on top of each other. c. Clustered charts have a continuous X-axis, while stacked charts have a categorical X-axis. d. Clustered charts display a single measure, while stacked charts display multiple measures.

7. In Tableau, what is the purpose of the Measure Values shelf in a stacked column chart? a. To display the categorical variable on the X-axis b. To display the measure variables on the Y-axis c. To color-code the stacked columns d. To label the stacked columns Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 2.2 Appendix Creating and Modifying Charts with Tableau 8. What does dragging a pill from the Rows shelf to the vertical axis label of a column chart do in Tableau? a. Splits the chart into multiple charts b. Adds a second measure variable to the chart c. Puts multiple measure variables on the same axis d. Swaps the rows and columns of the chart 9. What is the purpose of the Size card in the Marks area of Tableau? a. To adjust the size of data points based on a measure variable b. To change the size of the chart c. To modify the thickness of lines in a line chart d. To control the overall font size in the chart 10. In Tableau, what does the Presentation Mode feature do? a. Hides the Marks area b. Displays the chart in full screen c. Saves the chart as an image d. Prints the chart 11. What is the difference between a bar chart and a column chart in Tableau? a. Bar charts are vertical, while column charts are horizontal. b. Bar charts display continuous data, while column charts display categorical data. c. Bar charts have a single measure variable, while column charts have multiple measure variables. d. There is no difference between bar charts and column charts.

12. In Tableau, what is the purpose of the Show Me tool? a. To create custom chart types b. To display a matrix of available chart types c. To edit chart elements like titles and axes d. To save and share charts 13. What does converting a variable to "Continuous" do in Tableau? a. Creates a categorical axis b. Creates an axis with equally spaced values c. Plots individual data points d. Summarizes the data

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Chapter 2.2 Appendix Creating and Modifying Charts with Tableau Answer Key 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. b 11. a 12. b 13. b

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The process through which our brains interpret the reflections of light that enter our eyes is known as ________. a. visual perception b. iconic memory c. short-term memory d. long-term memory 2. The most quickly processed form of memory is __________. a. visual perception b. iconic memory c. short-term memory d. long-term memory 3. When our minds chunk, or group, similar pieces of information together and hold that information for about a minute, this is called __________. a. visual perception b. iconic memory c. short-term memory d. long-term memory 4. The process of repetition and rehearsal, or clever use of storytelling, forms __________. a. visual perception b. iconic memory c. short-term memory d. long-term memory 5. Preattentive attributes are those features that can be processed by __________. a. visual perception b. iconic memory c. short-term memory d. long-term memory 6. Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to help the reader count the total number of 4s?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design a. Form b. Color c. Movement d. Spatial positioning 7. Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader’s attention?

a. Size b. Color c. Length d. Orientation 8. Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader’s attention?

a. Size b. Color c. Length d. Orientation 9. Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader’s attention?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Size b. Color c. Length d. Orientation 10. Why might the preattentive attribute in the following chart be a poor choice?

a. Because the orientation of rounded objects is difficult to perceive b. Because the position of dots makes it difficult to determine the spacing c. Because some individuals suffer from colorblindness, which affects their ability to differentiate between some colors d. Because most people dislike the color red 11. Due to the difficulty most people have in estimating relative differences in two-dimensional size, it is generally not recommended to use a __________. a. pie chart b. bar chart c. scatter chart d. control chart 12. A common type of chart that makes use of the preattentive attribute of spatial positioning is a __________. a. pie chart b. bar chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design c. scatter chart d. control chart 13. Which of these has to do with how people interpret and perceive what they see? a. Gestalt principles b. Iconic memory c. Short-term memory d. Visual perception 14. Which Gestalt principle states that people consider objects with characteristics such as color, shape, size, and orientation as belonging to the same group? a. Similarity b. Proximity c. Enclosure d. Connection 15. Which Gestalt principle states that people consider objects that are physically close to one another as belonging to a group? a. Similarity b. Proximity c. Enclosure d. Connection 16. Which Gestalt principle states that objects that are physically enclosed together are seen as belonging to the same group? a. Similarity b. Proximity c. Enclosure d. Connection 17. Which Gestalt principle states that people interpret objects that are connected in some way as belonging to the same group? a. Similarity b. Proximity c. Enclosure d. Connection 18. Which Gestalt principle is being applied in the following chart?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Similarity b. Proximity c. Enclosure d. Connection 19. The Gestalt principle of similarity is being applied to which preattentive attribute in the following chart?

a. Color b. Shape c. Orientation d. Size 20. The Gestalt principle of similarity is being applied to which preattentive attribute in the following chart?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Color b. Shape c. Orientation d. Size 21. Which Gestalt principle is often applied to time-series data? a. Similarity b. Proximity c. Enclosure d. Connection 22. Which Gestalt principle is being applied in the following chart?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Similarity b. Shading c. Enclosure d. Connection 23. The data-ink ratio measures the ___________. a. total amount of “data-ink” used in a table or chart b. amount of white space left in a table or chart c. proportion of “data-ink” to the total amount of ink used in a table or chart d. proportion of “data-ink” to the amount of white space left in a table or chart 24. Data-ink is the ink used that __________. a. gives color to a chart or table b. serves no useful purpose in conveying the data to the audience c. is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience d. cannot be black and white 25. Non-data-ink is the ink used that __________. a. gives color to a chart or table b. serves no useful purpose in conveying the data to the audience c. is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience d. cannot be black and white 26. The portion of a data visualization that is devoid of markings is known as __________.

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design a. data-ink b. white space c. non-data-ink d. hue 27. The process of increasing the data-ink ratio in charts is also known as __________. a. white spacing b. decluttering c. desaturating d. erasing 28. A chart that has a higher data-ink ratio and more white space __________. a. is more difficult for the audience to interpret b. is easier for the audience to interpret c. has no effect on how the audience interprets it d. is less visually appealing 29. Decluttering can be achieved by all of the following EXCEPT: a. using a legend to identify color coding. b. eliminating all grid lines. c. removing redundant information. d. decreasing the saturation.

30. Decluttering can be achieved by removing gridlines, which are unnecessary and thus their removal would__________. a. decrease the data-ink ratio b. increase the data-ink ratio c. increase the saturation d. decrease the saturation 31. Removing gridlines is an example of __________. a. cluttering b. decluttering c. a Gestalt principle d. preattentive attribute 32. Which of these options would increase the data-ink ratio of this chart?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Adding labels to the axes b. Removing the gridlines c. Changing the hue of the line d. Including a subheading below the chart 33. Which of these options would increase the data-ink ratio of this chart?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Adding labels to the axes b. Removing the gridlines c. Changing the hue of the line d. Including a subheading below the chart 34. Which of these options would decrease the data-ink ratio of this chart?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Removing the column labels b. Adding gridlines c. Changing the hue of the bars d. Eliminating the chart title 35. Which of these charts has a higher data-ink ratio?

Chart A

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

Chart B

a. Chart A b. Chart B c. Both charts have the same data-ink ratio.

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design d. Cannot be determined 36. We can minimize cognitive load required by the audience by __________. a. maximizing the eye travel b. minimizing the eye travel c. minimizing the data-ink ratio d. minimizing the white space 37. Which of these charts minimizes eye travel?

Chart A

Chart B

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Chart A b. Chart B c. Both charts have the same eye-travel time. d. Cannot be determined

38. Which of these charts has the highest data-ink ratio and why?

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

39. In a data visualization, most experts agree that text fonts should be _______ instead of _________. a. sans-serif; serif b. serif; sans-serif c. larger; smaller d. bold; italic 40. The following letter is an example of what type of font style?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Sans-serif b. Serif c. Times d. Courier 41. What font type is being used in the following chart?

a. Sans-serif b. Serif c. Times d. Courier

42. Explain why the following chart is not particularly useful.

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

43. Explain why the following three-dimensional chart is not useful in practice.

44. An analyst is considering turning this 2D bar chart into a 3D bar chart for added effect before her presentation. Is this a good idea? Why or why not?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

45. Which of the following is not a common mistake in data visualization design? a. Using wrong type of visualization b. Trying to display too much information c. Using Excel default settings for charts d. Using 2D when 3D could be used 46. Which of these is the most likely reason the following chart is not particularly useful?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design

a. Use of serif font b. Use of too many attributes c. Use of a high data-ink ratio d. Use of 2D when 3D could be used 47. Which preattentive attribute is used to differentiate Group 4 from the other groups?

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design a. Length b. Color c. High data-ink ratio d. Width 48. Which color attribute is illustrated here?

a. Hue b. Saturation c. Luminance d. Form 49. Which color attribute is illustrated here?

a. Hue b. Saturation c. Luminance d. Form 50. Which color attribute is illustrated here?

a. Hue b. Saturation c. Luminance d. Form

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design Answer Key 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. b 7. a 8. d 9. c 10. c 11. a 12. c 13. a 14. a 15. b 16. c 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. b 21. d 22. c 23. c 24. c 25. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design 26. b 27. b 28. b 29. b 30. b 31. b 32. b 33. b 34. b 35. b 36. b 37. b 38. Most people find Design D, with the fewest gridlines, easiest to read. In this table, gridlines are used only to separate the column headings from the data and to indicate that a calculation has occurred to generate the Profits row and the Total column.

39. a 40. a 41. a 42. All of the information the company wants to consider is shown in the chart: the number of billable hours for each consultant (on the vertical axis), the length of time at the company (on the horizontal axis), the consultant’s job title (indicated by the color of the marker in the chart), and the highest degree attained by the consultant (indicated by the shape of the marker in the chart). This figure uses several preattentive attributes, including spatial positioning, shape, and color. However, because many different preattentive attributes are used, this chart is difficult for an audience to process. It requires the audience to scan back and forth between the markers in the chart, the legends, and the vertical and horizontal axes. Therefore, this is probably not a particularly useful chart.

43. Because the third dimension is not used to display any useful information, it only serves to decrease the data-ink ratio of the chart and make it more difficult for the audience to interpret. Even when the third dimension is used to display unique information, 3D charts are difficult to interpret. Therefore, the use of 3D charts for data visualization is generally not recommended.

44. Because a third dimension would not be used to display any useful information in this chart, it would only serve to decrease the data-ink ratio of the chart and make it more difficult for the audience to interpret. Even when a third dimension is used to display unique information, 3D charts are difficult to interpret. Therefore, the use of 3D charts for data visualization is generally not recommended.

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Chapter 3 Data Visualization and Design 45. d 46. b 47. b 48. b 49. c 50. a

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Chapter 3.1 Appendix Data Visualization and Design with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the purpose of editing default charts created in Power BI? a. To improve their appearance and increase the data-ink ratio b. To make them more complex and harder to interpret c. To add unnecessary elements and decrease readability d. To tailor them for a specific software version 2. In Power BI, what should you do to expand or collapse a section? a. Double-click the section title b. Right-click the section title c. Click the arrow next to the section title d. Hover over the section title 3. What is the purpose of adding data labels to a chart in Power BI? a. To make the chart more cluttered and harder to read b. To eliminate the need for a vertical axis c. To hide the horizontal axis values d. To increase the font size of the chart title 4. What is the benefit of removing unnecessary grid lines in a chart? a. To decrease the data-ink ratio b. To make the chart harder to interpret c. To increase the data-ink ratio d. To add visual clutter to the chart 5. What type of chart is automatically created when using text data for the X-axis in Power BI? a. Pie chart b. Scatter plot c. Sorted column chart d. Unsorted column chart 6. In Power BI, what is the purpose of clicking on the Format visual button in the Visualizations pane? a. To change the chart type b. To edit the formatting options for the chart c. To add data labels to the chart d. To connect to a new data source

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Chapter 3.1 Appendix Data Visualization and Design with Power BI Answer Key 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b

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Chapter 3.2 Appendix Data Visualization and Design with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the purpose of the Label card in the Marks area of Tableau? a. To add gridlines to the chart b. To change the chart type c. To add data labels to the chart d. To edit the chart title 2. How can you change the type of chart being displayed in Tableau? a. Click on the Chart Type button in the toolbar b. Drag a new variable to the Columns shelf c. Click on Automatic in the Marks area and select a different chart type d. Double-click on the chart canvas 3. What is the purpose of creating a sorted column chart in Tableau? a. To make it harder to identify the highest and lowest values b. To clearly show which categories have the highest and lowest values c. To display the data in a random order d. To make the chart more cluttered and less readable 4. What information is displayed in the Tooltip when hovering over a data point in a Tableau visualization? a. The chart title and axis labels b. The data source and sheet name c. The category name and corresponding value d. The formatting options for the chart 5. What is the purpose of dragging the Sales (units) pill to the Label card in the Marks area of Tableau? a. To change the chart type b. To remove data labels from the chart c. To add data labels to the chart d. To edit the chart title 6. In Tableau, what is the purpose of right-clicking on the vertical axis and deselecting Show Header? a. To hide the vertical axis title b. To hide the vertical axis labels c. To remove data labels from the chart d. To change the chart type 7. What is the purpose of clicking on Automatic in the Marks area of Tableau and selecting Bar? a. To change the chart type to a bar chart b. To add data labels to the chart c. To remove gridlines from the chart d. To edit the chart title 8. What is the purpose of clicking on the Location pill in the Columns shelf and selecting Sort in Tableau?

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Chapter 3.2 Appendix Data Visualization and Design with Tableau a. To hide the Location labels b. To change the chart type c. To access sorting options for the column chart d. To add data labels to the chart 9. What happens when you click on a data point in a Tableau visualization? a. The data point is deleted from the chart. b. The data point is highlighted, and the Tooltip is displayed. c. The chart type is changed. d. The formatting options for the chart are displayed.

10. In Tableau, what is the purpose of the Edit Tooltip dialog box? a. To change the chart type b. To edit the data displayed in the Tooltip c. To remove data labels from the chart d. To sort the data in the chart

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Chapter 3.2 Appendix Data Visualization and Design with Tableau Answer Key 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. b

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of these attributes is the base of a color? a. Hue b. Saturation c. Luminance d. Perception 2. The property of an object that results from the way the object reflects or emits light is __________. a. color b. shape c. radiance d. perception 3. Which of these is the amount of gray in a color and determines the intensity or purity of the hue in the color? a. Hue b. Saturation c. Luminance d. Perception 4. Which of these attributes measures the relative degree of black or white within a color? a. Hue b. Saturation c. Luminance d. Perception 5. The gray color shown here could be described as red with __________.

a. 0% saturation b. 100% saturation c. 0% luminance d. 100% luminance 6. The black color shown here could be described as red with __________.

a. 0% saturation b. 100% saturation c. 0% luminance Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color d. 100% luminance 7. The white color shown here could be described as red with __________.

a. 0% saturation b. 100% saturation c. 0% luminance d. 100% luminance 8. What three hues cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other hues? a. Red, green, and blue b. Black, white, and red c. Black, white, and blue d. Red, green, and black 9. All other hues are derived from which of these three hues? a. Red, green, and blue b. Black, white, and red c. Black, white, and blue d. Red, green, and black 10. Which of these hues cannot be derived from any other hues? a. Red b. Black c. Purple d. Grey 11. Orange is an example of a ___________. a. primary color b. secondary color c. tertiary color d. luminous color 12. In which figure does the red have a higher percentage of saturation?

Figure A:

Figure B: Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

a. Figure A b. Figure B c. Both figures have the same saturation. d. Cannot be determined 13. In which figure does the red have a higher percentage of luminance?

Figure A:

Figure B:

a. Figure A b. Figure B c. Both figures have the same saturation. d. Cannot be determined 14. The study of the innate relationships between color and human behavior is called __________. a. color psychology b. colorology c. data visualization d. color symbolism 15. Which type of hue is considered to be soothing, calming, and reassuring? a. Cool hues b. Warm hues c. High luminance hues d. Low luminance hues 16. Which type of hue evokes energy, passion, and danger? a. Cool hues b. Warm hues c. High luminance hues d. Low luminance hues 17. The cultural meanings and significance associated with color refers to __________.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color a. color psychology b. colorology c. data visualization d. color symbolism 18. The instinctive relationships between color and human behavior refer to color ____________, while the learned relationships between color and human behavior refer to color __________. a. psychology; symbolism b. symbolism; psychology c. perception; analysis d. analysis; perception 19. These colors are examples of __________.

a. warm hues b. cool hues c. bold hues d. symbolic hues 20. These colors are examples of __________.

a. warm hues b. cool hues c. bold hues d. symbolic hues 21. Blue symbolizes masculinity in Europe and North America and femininity in China, which is an example of color __________. a. psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color b. symbolism c. perception d. analysis 22. People associate green with envy in the United States, but yellow symbolizes envy to the French and Germans, which is an example of color __________. a. psychology b. symbolism c. perception d. analysis 23. Yellow is associated with success and power in many African cultures and conveys refinement to the Japanese, which is an example of color __________. a. psychology b. symbolism c. perception d. analysis 24. The two colors circled on this color wheel are ___________.

a. analogous colors b. complementary colors c. cool hues d. contrasting hues 25. The two colors indicated on this color wheel are ___________.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

a. analogous colors b. complementary colors c. cool hues d. contrasting hues 26. The set of colors (hues, saturations, and luminances) that are to be used in a data visualization or a series of related data visualizations is called a(n) __________. a. analogous scheme b. color scheme c. visual palette d. complementary scheme 27. When the groups of the categorical variable have no inherent ascending or descending order, the variable is well suited for representation by __________. a. a sequential color scheme for each of its unique groups b. a distinct color for each of its unique groups c. analogous colors for each of its unique groups d. warm hues for each of its unique groups 28. When the values of a variable can be arranged in ascending or descending order, which of these should be used? a. Sequential color scheme b. Distinct and colorful scheme c. Complementary color scheme d. Warm color scheme 29. In a sequential color scheme, to create a gradient that represents the relative value of the variable, use the relative degree of __________. a. saturation or luminance of a single hue b. saturation or luminance of several hues c. saturation or hue of a single luminance d. hue or luminance of a single saturation Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color 30. The color scheme shown here would be an appropriate choice for a __________.

a. categorical variable having groups with no inherent ascending or descending order b. categorical variable having groups with inherent ascending or descending order c. quantitative variable in which the magnitudes of value need to be expressed d. quantitative variable in which the magnitudes of value do not need to be expressed 31. The color scheme shown here would be an appropriate choice for a __________.

a. categorical variable having groups with no inherent ascending or descending order b. categorical variable having groups with inherent ascending or descending order c. quantitative variable in which the magnitudes of value need to be expressed d. quantitative variable in which the magnitudes of value do not need to be expressed 32. Which type of color scheme does this chart show?

a. Diverging color scheme Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color b. Categorical color scheme c. Monochromatic color scheme d. Sequential color scheme

33. Copy these data into Excel and create a line chart. Then adjust the color of the line to have HSL: 200, 100, and 100. x 1 3 2 5 4 3 2

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

34. When adjusting the HSL in Excel, the slider identified on the right side of this screenshot controls the __________.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

a. hue b. saturation c. luminance d. None of these choices are correct.

35. As the value of the Hue parameter increases, the indicator

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_______________.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

a. moves horizontally from left to right b. moves vertically from top to bottom c. moves horizontally from right to left d. does not move 36. As the value of the Sat parameter increases, the indicator

_______________.

a. moves horizontally from left to right b. moves vertically from top to bottom c. moves vertically from bottom to top Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color d. does not move 37. Which color system is being used in Excel to edit the color in this screenshot?

a. HSL b. RGB c. Sequential d. Analytical 38. In addition to RGB (red, green, blue), what other color model is available in Excel to customize color options? a. HSL b. CMYK c. Sequential d. Analytical 39. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness 40. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness 41. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness 42. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color 43. The most common form of colorblindness is __________ a. red-green b. blue-yellow c. red-blue d. green-blue 44. One of the less common forms of colorblindness is __________ a. red-green b. blue-yellow c. red-blue d. green-blue 45. Which of these is not a common color usage mistake in data visualization? a. Inconsistency across related charts b. Not considering the mode of delivery c. Insufficient contrast d. Reusing the same color scheme for multiple charts 46. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color 47. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness 48. Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart?

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color

a. Unnecessary color b. Excessive color c. Insufficient contrast d. Neglecting colorblindness 49. The colors used in this map are _________.

a. warm hues Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color b. cool hues c. bold hues d. symbolic hues 50. The colors used in this chart are _________.

a. warm hues b. cool hues c. bold hues d. symbolic hues

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. a 9. a 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. a 14. a 15. a 16. b 17. d 18. a 19. b 20. a 21. b 22. b 23. b 24. a 25. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 4 Purposeful Use of Color 26. b 27. b 28. a 29. a 30. a 31. c 32. a 33.

34. c 35. a 36. c 37. a 38. a 39. a 40. b 41. c 42. d 43. a 44. b 45. d 46. c 47. a 48. b 49. a 50. b

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Chapter 4.1 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What type of color scheme is commonly used in a stacked column or bar chart to differentiate between categories within each column or bar? a. Sequential color b. Diverging color c. Categorical color d. Monochromatic color 2. In the United States, which color is most often used to indicate coolness? a. Red b. Green c. Blue d. Yellow 3. What does a darker shade indicate in a choropleth map? a. Lower intensity b. Higher intensity c. Neutral intensity d. Unrelated to intensity 4. Why might using blue in a choropleth map of average temperature by state be misinterpreted? a. Blue is not a color typically used in choropleth maps. b. Blue is associated with coolness, so it could imply that states with higher average temperatures are cooler. c. Blue is too similar to green, which is often used to represent vegetation. d. Blue is a calming color that does not effectively convey temperature differences.

5. What type of color scheme is used to emphasize values above and below a central point? a. Sequential color b. Diverging color c. Categorical color d. Monochromatic color 6. Why was the color scheme changed from blue to red in the below Power BI example using sequential color?

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Chapter 4.1 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Power BI

a. To make the map more visually appealing b. To follow the standard color scheme for political party representation c. To avoid misinterpretation, as blue is associated with coolness and red with hotness d. To match the color scheme of the American flag 7. In the below Power BI example using sequential color, why is a choropleth map an appropriate choice for visualizing average annual temperature by state?

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Chapter 4.1 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Power BI

a. States are categorical data, and choropleth maps are suitable for categorical data. b. States are geographical regions, and choropleth maps are suitable for displaying data across geographical regions. c. States are numerical data, and choropleth maps are suitable for numerical data. d. Choropleth maps are always the best choice for visualizing temperature data.

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Chapter 4.1 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Power BI Answer Key 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. b

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Chapter 4.2 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. In the below Tableau example using sequential color, why was the color scheme changed from blue to red?

a. To make the map more visually appealing b. To follow the standard color scheme for political party representation c. To avoid misinterpretation, as blue is associated with coolness and red with hotness d. To match the color scheme of the American flag 2. In the below Tableau example using diverging color, what does a neutral color between red and blue represent?

a. Lower temperatures b. Higher temperatures c. Temperatures close to the mean d. Missing data 3. What is the purpose of converting the Year variable to discrete in the Tableau example using categorical color?

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Chapter 4.2 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Tableau

a. To sort the years chronologically b. To group the years into categories c. To filter out certain years d. To change the color of the years 4. What is the purpose of dragging the Measure Names pill to the Color card in the Marks area in the Tableau example using categorical color?

a. To assign colors to the months b. To assign colors to the years c. To assign colors to the categories of attendees d. To assign colors to the total attendance levels 5. In the below Tableau examples using sequential color, what does a state with no color fill indicate?

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Chapter 4.2 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Tableau

a. The state has a lower average temperature than the minimum value on the legend. b. The state has a higher average temperature than the maximum value on the legend. c. The state has an average temperature equal to the mean value on the legend. d. The state has no available temperature data.

6. What is the benefit of using a diverging color scheme in the heat map of monthly mean daily low temperatures in the below Tableau example?

a. It allows for the representation of negative temperatures. b. It clearly distinguishes between temperatures above and below a central value. c. It makes the heat map more visually appealing. d. It indicates the most common temperature range.

7. What is the purpose of using a sequential color scheme in the choropleth map of average annual temperature by state in both the Power BI and Tableau examples?

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Chapter 4.2 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Tableau

a. To distinguish between categories of states b. To show the variation in temperature values across states c. To indicate the states with the highest and lowest temperatures d. To group states into regions based on temperature 8. In the below Tableau example using categorical color, what does the height of each column represent?

a. The total attendance for a category for a particular month b. The total attendance for each month c. The average attendance for each category within each month d. The difference in attendance between children and adults for each month 9. What is the advantage of using a stacked column chart instead of a clustered column chart in the Tableau example using categorical color?

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Chapter 4.2 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Tableau

a. It allows for the comparison of total attendance across months. b. It shows the proportion of attendance for each category within each month. c. It eliminates the need for a legend. d. It makes the chart more visually appealing.

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Chapter 4.2 Appendix Using Color in Data Visualization with Tableau Answer Key 1. c 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. b

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The difference in a variable measured over observations is called __________. a. variation b. a population c. a frequency distribution d. perception 2. Using the following table, what is the percent frequency of a blue car being observed?

Car Color

Frequency

Black Red Blue Silver a. 19.9% b. 1.99% c. 18.400% d. 0.199%

251 198 184 293

Relative Frequency 0.271 0.214 0.199 0.316

3. Which values were observed and how often those values appear in the data being analyzed describes the __________. a. variation of a variable b. population of a variable c. frequency distribution of a variable d. sample of a variable 4. A frequency distribution can be created for __________. a. only quantitative variables b. only categorical variables c. both a categorical variable and a quantitative variable d. neither categorical nor quantitative variables 5. We collect data from a subset of the population known as a __________. a. random variable b. bin c. frequency distribution d. sample 6. The frequency of each class with categorical data is displayed by a _____________, while the frequency of each class with quantitative data is displayed by a __________. a. histogram; pie chart b. bar chart; pie chart c. bar chart; histogram d. pie chart; scatter chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability 7. A total of 822 recently purchased books were randomly selected from all recent book purchases over the Internet. The following chart shows the breakdown of book types. What percentage of books in the sample were either mystery or science fiction/fantasy?

a. 17.8% b. 18.6% c. 24.3% d. 36.5% 8. A total of 822 recently purchased books were randomly selected from all recent book purchases over the Internet. The following chart shows the breakdown of book types. What percentage of books in the sample were self-help books?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. 0.1144% b. 11.44% c. 17.88% d. 18.61% 9. Which of the following divides quantitative measurements into classes and graphs the frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency for each class? a. Pie chart b. Box plot c. Histogram d. Scatter chart 10. Which of the following graphical tools is used with quantitative data? a. Pie plot b. Bar chart c. Pareto chart d. Histogram 11. A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers. What would be the approximate shape of the relative frequency histogram for the following frequency distribution?

Bin Interval 20 to 25 25 to 30

Frequency 8 6

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability 30 to 35 35 to 40 40 to 45 45 to 50

5 12 15 7

a. Symmetrical b. Uniform c. Skewed left d. Skewed right 12. What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram?

a. Symmetrical b. Uniform c. Skewed left d. Skewed right 13. What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram?

a. Symmetrical b. Uniform c. Skewed left d. Skewed right 14. What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. Symmetrical b. Uniform c. Skewed left d. Skewed right 15. What type of relationship is being displayed on the following scatter chart?

a. Negative linear relationship b. Positive linear relationship c. No relationship d. Nonlinear relationship 16. What type of relationship is represented in the following scatter chart of two numeric variables?

a. Negative linear relationship b. Positive linear relationship Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability c. Nonlinear relationship d. No relationship 17. A researcher wants to calculate the width of each interval by using the approximation formula. He first created a frequency distribution with 5 bins. The minimum and maximum for the variable are −32.40 and 65.42, respectfully.

Calculate the width of each interval for the researcher. a. –19.56 b. 6.604 c. 13.84 d. 19.564 18. Which visualization tool is useful for comparing multiple distributions, particularly for quantitative variables? a. Frequency polygon b. Scatter chart c. Histogram d. Pie chart 19. A vertical or horizontal arrangement of individual charts of the same type, size, scale, and formatting that differ only by the data they display is a __________. a. frequency polygon b. scatter chart c. histogram d. trellis display 20. The following charts comparing multiple distributions of a data set are an example of a __________.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. frequency polygon b. scatter chart c. bar chart d. trellis display 21. If a small set of values needs to be displayed in a manner that shows the individual values, a useful visualization is a ________. a. frequency polygon b. scatter chart c. strip chart d. trellis display 22. The following chart is an example of a __________.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. frequency polygon b. scatter chart c. strip chart d. trellis display 23. The following chart is an example of a __________.

a. frequency polygon b. scatter chart c. strip chart d. trellis display 24. Based on the following strip chart, which month has the lowest temperature?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. June b. July c. September d. May 25. Which of these is the only meaningful measure of the central location for a categorical variable? a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Variance 26. The difference between the minimum and maximum observation of a variable is called the __________. a. range b. variable c. interquartile d. mode 27. What is the arithmetic mean (rounded to two decimal places) in the following table on the variable score?

Student ID Score R304110 0.98 R304003 0.88 R102234 0.65 R209939 0.92 a. 0.92 b. 0.88 c. 0.76 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability d. 0.86 28. The interquartile range is IQR = Q3 − Q1. Thus, it can be thought of as the __________. a. 75% interquartile range b. quartile or 25% of the distribution of the variable’s values c. middle 50% of the distribution of the variable’s values d. incorporation of all observations 29. In a statistics class, the following 10 scores were randomly selected: 74, 73, 77, 77, 71, 68, 65, 77, 67, 66. What is the median? a. 71.5 b. 72 c. 73 d. 77 30. In a statistics class, the following 10 scores were randomly selected: 74, 73, 77, 77, 71, 68, 65, 77, 67, 66. What is the mode? a. 71.5 b. 72 c. 73 d. 77 31. Quality control is an important issue at a manufacturing company that manufactures Product Z. To test the lifetime of Product Z, the company randomly sampled nine products and measured how many days they lasted (mean = 346.6).

378, 361, 350, 375, 200, 391, 375, 368, 321 What is the standard deviation? a. 10.609 b. 58.5 c. 191 d. 342 32. Quality control is an important issue at a manufacturing company that manufactures Product Z. To test the lifetime of Product Z, the company randomly sampled nine products and measured how many days they lasted (mean = 346.6).

378, 361, 350, 375, 200, 391, 375, 368, 321 What is the sample variance? a. 10.609 b. 58.5 c. 342 d. 3424.3 33. A measure of variation, that is based on the two extreme values and may reflect an extreme measurement that is not entirely representative of the data set’s variation, is easy to understand and compute through the sample __________. a. standard deviation b. range Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability c. variance d. interquartile range 34. A graphical summary of the distribution of data developed from the quartiles of a set of values is a(n) ____________. a. scatter chart b. box and whisker chart c. frequency polygon d. interquartile range 35. What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores?

a. Outlier b. Interquartile range c. 25th percentile d. 3rd quartile 36. What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. Outlier b. Median c. 25th percentile d. 3rd quartile 37. What is indicated by the red arrow in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. Outlier b. Median c. 25th percentile d. 3rd quartile 38. What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. Outlier b. Median c. 25th percentile d. 3rd quartile 39. Approximately what percent of the data are contained in the purple shaded part of the following box plot?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. Cannot be determined 40. The process of collecting sample data to make estimates of, or draw conclusions about, one or more characteristics of a population is called __________. a. statistical inference b. descriptive statistics c. data visualization d. sampling 41. The upper and lower 95% PI regions in the following chart represent the __________.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. uncertainty in a model’s predicted values of future observations b. variance in the data c. interquartile range d. confidence in a model’s accuracy based on the past data 42. The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998–2005. Each year’s distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot.

Which year had the highest median monthly gasoline price? a. 2005 b. 2004 c. 1999 d. 2002 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability 43. The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998–2005. Each year’s distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot.

Which year had the smallest interquartile range (IQR) of monthly gasoline prices? a. 2005 b. 1998 c. 1999 d. 2002 44. The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998–2005.

Each year’s distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

Which two consecutive years saw the least amount of change in monthly gasoline prices? a. 1998–1999 b. 1999–2000 c. 2000–2001 d. 2001–2002 45. The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998–2005.

Each year’s distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plots.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability About what percentage of monthly gasoline prices in 2005 exceed all the other years’ monthly gasoline prices? a. 0% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% 46. The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998–2005.

Each year’s distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plots.

What is the shape of the distribution of gasoline prices in 2001? a. Symmetric b. Right skewed c. Left skewed d. Uniform 47. The following chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by which meal is served at a

particular restaurant. What type of chart is used to display these data?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. Strip chart b. Scatter chart c. Box plot d. Prediction chart 48. The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular

restaurant. What meal time had higher variability?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. Dinner b. Lunch c. Dinner and lunch had an equal amount of variability. d. Cannot be determined 49. The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular restaurant.

Approximately what was the highest tip received at lunch time?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. 7 b. 10 c. 4 d. 2 50. The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular

restaurant. Approximately what was the highest tip received at dinner time?

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability

a. 4 b. 7 c. 8 d. 10

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. d 6. c 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. d 11. c 12. c 13. d 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. d 18. a 19. d 20. d 21. c 22. c 23. c 24. d 25. c Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5 Visualizing Variability 26. a 27. d 28. c 29. b 30. d 31. b 32. d 33. b 34. b 35. a 36. c 37. b 38. d 39. a 40. a 41. a 42. a 43. b 44. c 45. d 46. b 47. a 48. a 49. a 50. d

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Chapter 5.1 Appendix Visualizing Variability with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the purpose of using a box and whisker plot in data visualization? a. To show the frequency distribution of categorical variables b. To display the variability and distribution of quantitative data c. To compare means between different groups d. To identify outliers in a dataset 2. In the Power Query Editor, what is the purpose of selecting "Use First Row as Headers"? a. To remove the first row of data from the dataset b. To ensure that the first row is treated as column headers c. To sort the data by the values in the first row d. To filter out rows based on the first row's values 3. What is the purpose of creating a new measure in Power BI when visualizing the frequency distribution of categorical variables? a. To calculate the total sum of the values in the dataset b. To determine the average value for each category c. To count the frequency of each category in the data d. To find the minimum and maximum values in the dataset 4. In Power BI, what is the purpose of using the "Box and Whisker by MAQ Software" custom visual instead of the default box and whisker chart? a. To display the mean value in addition to the median and quartiles b. To show the individual data points in the chart c. To compare box and whisker charts for multiple categories side-by-side d. To calculate the interquartile range (IQR) automatically 5. In Power BI, what is the purpose of using the "Mean shape" and "Mean width" options when formatting a box and whisker chart? a. To control the appearance of the mean value marker in the chart b. To change the shape and width of the boxes in the chart c. To modify the style and thickness of the whiskers d. To adjust the position and size of the median line in the boxes 6. In Power BI, what is the purpose of dragging a categorical variable to the "Axis" box when creating box and whisker charts with multiple categories? a. To display the categorical variable on the x-axis of the chart b. To determine the colors of the boxes and whiskers for each category c. To calculate the mean value for each category d. To sort the categories along the x-axis 7. In Power BI, what is the purpose of using the "Whisker type" option when formatting box and whisker charts? a. To specify the color of the whiskers b. To determine the length of the whiskers based on the interquartile range (IQR) Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5.1 Appendix Visualizing Variability with Power BI c. To adjust the thickness of the whiskers d. To change the style of the whisker ends (e.g., flat, pointed, or rounded) 8. What is the purpose of using the interquartile range (IQR) when creating box and whisker charts? a. To determine the length of the whiskers b. To calculate the width of the box c. To identify potential outliers in the data d. To compute the median value for the dataset 9. In Power BI, what is the purpose of using the "Upper box color" and "Lower box color" options when formatting box and whisker charts? a. To differentiate between the upper and lower portions of the box b. To highlight potential outliers in the data c. To indicate the median value within the box d. To distinguish between multiple categories being compared 10. What is the purpose of using the "Median" when creating box and whisker charts? a. To determine the length of the whiskers b. To calculate the width of the box c. To identify the central value in the dataset d. To compute the mean value for the dataset

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Chapter 5.1 Appendix Visualizing Variability with Power BI Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. c

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Chapter 5.2 Appendix Visualizing Variability with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the purpose of disaggregating data when creating box and whisker charts in Tableau? a. To show the individual data points in addition to the summary statistics b. To calculate the mean value for each category c. To remove outliers from the dataset d. To sort the data in ascending order 2. What is the purpose of setting the bin size when creating a histogram in Tableau? a. To determine the number of data points in each bin b. To set the range of values covered by the entire histogram c. To control the width of each bar in the histogram d. To specify the number of bins in the histogram 3. In Tableau, what is the purpose of dragging a categorical variable to the "Color" card in the Marks area when creating box and whisker charts? a. To display the mean value for each category b. To show the individual data points for each category in different colors c. To compare box and whisker charts for multiple categories side-by-side d. To calculate the interquartile range (IQR) for each category 4. What is the purpose of creating a calculated field with the COUNT function in Tableau when visualizing the frequency distribution of categorical variables? a. To calculate the total sum of the values in the dataset b. To determine the average value for each category c. To count the frequency of each category in the data d. To find the minimum and maximum values in the dataset 5. What is the purpose of using the "Hide Field Labels for Columns" option in Tableau when creating a frequency distribution chart for categorical variables? a. To remove the legend from the chart b. To hide the labels along the x-axis of the chart c. To remove the chart title d. To hide the unnecessary label above the chart columns 6. What is the purpose of using the "Edit Axis" option in Tableau when creating a histogram? a. To change the title of the x-axis b. To modify the bin size of the histogram c. To specify the number of bins in the histogram d. To set the range of values covered by the x-axis 7. In Tableau, what is the purpose of using the "Format" option when editing the vertical axis of a histogram? a. To change the title of the vertical axis b. To modify the bin size of the histogram c. To specify the number of bins in the histogram Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 5.2 Appendix Visualizing Variability with Tableau d. To adjust the font size of the axis labels 8. What is the purpose of using the "Sort" option in Tableau when creating a frequency distribution chart for categorical variables? a. To arrange the categories in alphabetical order b. To sort the categories based on their frequency counts c. To group similar categories together d. To highlight the most frequent category 9. In Tableau, what is the purpose of using the "Label" option when formatting a frequency distribution chart for categorical variables? a. To display the category names on the x-axis b. To show the frequency count for each category c. To add a title to the chart d. To include the percentage distribution for each category 10. In Tableau, what is the purpose of using the "Columns" shelf when creating box and whisker charts for multiple categories? a. To display the categories along the x-axis of the chart b. To determine the colors of the boxes and whiskers for each category c. To calculate the mean value for each category d. To sort the categories based on their median values

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Chapter 5.2 Appendix Visualizing Variability with Tableau Answer Key 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. d 8. b 9. b 10. a

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The process of ensuring data are accurate and consistent through the identification and correction of errors and missing values refers to __________. a. data cleansing b. exploratory data analysis c. data visualization d. descriptive statistics analysis 2. The process of using summary statistics and visualization to gain an understanding of the data, including the identification of patterns, refers to __________. a. data cleansing b. exploratory data analysis c. data visualization d. statistics analysis 3. When the number of records (rows) is large, the data are referred to as ____________. a. wide data b. tall data c. big data d. small data 4. When the number of variables (columns) is large, the data are referred to as ____________. a. wide data b. tall data c. big data d. small data 5. A data set of 10,000 employees recording their gender and age is an example of ____________. a. wide data b. tall data c. big data d. small data 6. A data set of five employees recording their gender, age, college education, beginning salary, address, and years with the company is an example of ____________. a. wide data b. tall data c. big data d. small data 7. The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2.

Observation 1

x1 0.46

x2 4

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0.41 0.96 0.48 0.79 0.70 0.14 0.49 0.84 0.90 0.04 0.19 0.06 0.23

1 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 2 2

How many observations have x2 values equal to 2? a. 0 b. 3 c. 5 d. 15 8. The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2.

Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

x1 0.46 0.41 0.96 0.48 0.79 0.70 0.14 0.49 0.84 0.90 0.04 0.19 0.06 0.23

x2 4 1 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 2 2

How many missing x2 observations are there? a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 15 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

9. The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2.

Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

x1 0.46 0.41 0.96 0.48 0.79 0.70 0.14 0.49 0.84 0.90 0.04 0.19 0.06 0.23

x2 4 1 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 2 2

How many missing x1 observations are there? a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 15 10. A bar chart can be used in exploratory data analysis for a __________. a. categorical variable b. quantitative variable c. numerical variable d. predictive variable 11. Examining one column of a data set and focusing on the distribution of a variable’s values is called __________. a. univariate analysis b. column analysis c. exploratory data analysis d. predictive analysis 12. Which of the following charts would not be used in exploratory data analysis for a quantitative variable? a. Histogram b. Bar chart c. Box plot d. Scatter chart 13. During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually following box plot.

The distribution of this variable is __________. a. left skewed b. right skewed c. symmetrical d. unidentifiable 14. During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

This variable has __________. a. no outliers b. several outliers c. a median less than 30 d. a minimum of 0 15. During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

This variable has __________. a. no outliers b. a maximum of 50 c. a median greater than 30 d. a minimum of 0 16. Examining two or more variables at a time to explore relationships is called __________. a. multivariate analysis b. univariate analysis c. exploratory data analysis d. predictive analysis 17. A tabular summary of the statistical measure of a variable of interest with respect to two or more (typically categorical) variables is called a(n) __________. a. crosstabulation b. univariate analysis c. box plot d. predictive analysis 18. Using the following table, what is the percent of the relative frequency of a blue car being observed?

Relative Car Color Frequency Frequency Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually Black Red Blue Silver

251 198 220 293

0.261 0.206 0.229 0.305

a. 0.229% b. 2.29% c. 22% d. 22.9% 19. Using the following table, what is the percent of the relative frequency of a silver car being observed?

Relative Car Color Frequency Frequency Black 251 0.261 Red 198 0.206 Blue 220 0.229 Silver 293 0.305 a. 20.6% b. 22.9% c. 26.1% d. 30.5% 20. At the end of their final exam, 550 students answered an additional question in which they rated their instructor’s teaching effectiveness, with the following results.

Students Rating of Instructor Student's Final Grade A B C D F

Very or Somewhat Very or Somewhat Effective Ineffective 190 85 75 120 20 17 9 18 1 15

What proportion of the students who rated their instructor as very or somewhat effective received a B or better in the class? a. 0.254 b. 0.345 c. 0.482 d. 0.898 21. At the end of their final exam, 550 students answered an additional question in which they rated their instructor’s teaching effectiveness, with the following results.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually Students Rating of Instructor Student's Final Grade A B C D F

Very or Somewhat Very or Somewhat Effective Ineffective 190 85 75 120 20 17 9 18 1 15

What proportion of the students who rated their instructor as very or somewhat effective received a C or lower in the class? a. 0.031 b. 0.068 c. 0.102 d. 0.155 22. Recently, an advertising company called 200 people and asked them to identify the company that was in an ad running nationwide. The following results were obtained.

Female Male Total Correctly recalled the company 66 50 116 Incorrectly recalled the company 44 40 84 Total 110 90 200 What percentage of those surveyed were female and could not recall the company? a. 22.0% b. 40.0% c. 52.4% d. 66.7% 23. Recently, an advertising company called 200 people and asked them to identify the company that was in an ad running nationwide. The following results were obtained.

Correctly recalled the company Incorrectly recalled the company Total

Female 66 44 110

Male 50 40 90

Total 116 84 200

What percentage of those surveyed could not recall the company? a. 40.0% b. 42.0% c. 52.4% d. 66.7% 24. Aspect ratio is the ratio of the __________. a. width of a chart to the height of a chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually b. data ink to total ink used in a chart c. data ink to white space in a chart d. range of one variable to the range of another 25. Quantitative scales refer to the __________. a. range of quantitative values along the horizontal and vertical axes in a chart b. number of categories in a categorical variable c. width and height of a chart d. range of one variable to the range of another 26. A third variable associated with two variables being studied that results in a correlation between the two variables, falsely implying a causal relationship between the pair, is a(n) _________. a. lurking variable b. response variable c. independent variable d. dependent variable 27. An apparent association between two variables that is not causal but is coincidental or caused by the third (lurking) variable is a __________. a. spurious relationship b. positive relationship c. negative relationship d. spatial relationship 28. A statistical measure of the strength of the linear relationship between variables is called __________. a. correlation b. causation c. covariance d. dependence 29. If a relationship is linear, _________. a. the relation can be most accurately represented by a straight line b. all the points fall on a curved line c. the relationship is best represented by a curved line d. all the points must fall on a straight line 30. A scatter chart __________. a. has to do with electron scatter b. is a graph of paired x and y values c. must be linear d. is a frequency graph of x values 31. In a positive relationship, __________. a. as x increases, y increases b. x increases, y decreases Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually c. x and y are not related d. as x increases, y remains constant 32. In a negative relationship, __________. a. as x increases, y increases b. as x increases, y decreases c. x and y are not related d. as x increases, y remains constant 33. The closer the points on a scatter chart fall to the trendline, the __________ between the variables. a. higher the correlation b. lower the correlation c. more likely the correlation doesn’t change d. more effective the chart is 34. The more spread out the points on a scatter chart are away from the trendline, the __________ between the variables. a. higher the correlation b. lower the correlation c. more likely the correlation doesn’t change d. more effective the chart is 35. The following scatter chart indicates __________.

a. a strong negative relationship between x and y b. a strong positive relationship between x and y c. no relationship between x and y d. a lurking variable between x and y 36. The following scatter chart indicates __________.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

a. a strong negative relationship between x and y b. a strong positive relationship between x and y c. no relationship between x and y d. a lurking variable between x and y 37. The following scatter chart indicates __________.

a. a strong negative relationship between x and y b. a strong positive relationship between x and y c. no relationship between x and y d. a lurking variable between x and y 38. A respondent dropping out of a study before its completion is an example of __________. a. illegitimately missing data b. legitimately missing data c. unavoidable missing data d. lost data 39. Missing at random (MAR) is __________. a. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value for a variable is related to the value of some other variable(s) in the observation b. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing the value for a variable is entirely random and does not depend on either the missing value or the value of any other variable in the observation c. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value of a variable is related to the Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually missing value d. None of these choices is correct.

40. Missing completely at random (MCAR) is __________. a. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value for a variable is related to the value of some other variable(s) in the observation b. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing the value for a variable is entirely random and does not depend on either the missing value or the value of any other variable in the observation c. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value of a variable is related to the missing value d. None of these choices is correct.

41. Missing not at random (MNAR) is __________. a. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value for a variable is related to the value of some other variable(s) in the observation b. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing the value for a variable is entirely random and does not depend on either the missing value or the value of any other variable in the observation c. missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value of a variable is related to the missing value d. None of these choices is correct.

42. Missing a data point because a weighing scale ran out of batteries unexpectedly is an example of _________. a. MCAR b. MNAR c. MAR d. lost data 43. If there are a relatively small number of observations with missing values, discarding the observations with missing values may be a good choice if a variable has observations for which the missing values are _________. a. MCAR b. MNAR c. MAR d. None of these choices is correct.

44. The following table contains data for the variable x and has one missing value completely at random. Rather than discarding the observations, estimate the missing value using the mean. x 248 124 150 196 — a. 179.5 b. 150.0 c. 212.1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually d. None of these choices are correct.

45. The following table contains data for the variable x and has one missing value completely at random. Rather than discarding the observations, estimate the missing value using the median. x 248 124 150 196 — a. 179.5 b. 173.0 c. 212.1 d. None of these choices is correct.

46. A pattern in time series data that recurs periodically over a regular time interval refers to __________. a. seasonality b. trend c. cross-sectionality d. correlation 47. The following table shows data for products sold based on their time. Calculate the moving average with m = 3 for Period 5.

Time Products Period Sold 1 3 2 5 3 9 4 20 5 12 a. 5.66 b. 11.33 c. 12.33 d. 13.66 48. The following chart is an example of a __________.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

a. cartogram b. choropleth map c. heatmap d. box plot 49. Which of these statements is not true of a choropleth map? a. A choropleth map may mask substantial variation of the variable within an area of the same color shading. b. A choropleth map may suggest abrupt changes in the variable between region boundaries. c. A choropleth map is a geographic visualization that uses shades of a color to represent values of a variable. d. A choropleth map represents map regions in a manner that does not necessarily correspond to land area.

50. Which scatter chart illustrates a correlation closer to +1?

Scatter Chart A:

Scatter Chart B:

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually

a. Scatter Chart A b. Scatter Chart B c. Both scatter charts are similarly close to a correlation of +1. d. Cannot be determined

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually Answer Key 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. a 12. b 13. b 14. b 15. c 16. a 17. a 18. d 19. d 20. d 21. c 22. a 23. b 24. a 25. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6 Exploring Data Visually 26. a 27. a 28. a 29. a 30. b 31. a 32. b 33. a 34. b 35. b 36. a 37. c 38. a 39. a 40. b 41. c 42. a 43. a 44. a 45. b 46. a 47. b 48. a 49. d 50. a

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Chapter 6.1 Appendix Exploring Data with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the purpose of adding filters to the line chart in the below time series data example?

a. To select specific distribution centers b. To select specific product categories and flavors c. To select specific customer segments d. To select specific employees 2. In the crosstabulation example, what is the purpose of adding total amounts to the table? a. To show the sum of each row b. To show the sum of each column c. To show the overall total d. To show the average of each cell 3. In the line chart example, what is the purpose of editing the horizontal axis title and values? a. To improve the chart's clarity b. To change the chart type c. To adjust the vertical axis scale d. To filter the data points 4. What is the purpose of editing the vertical axis in the line chart example? a. To change the chart type b. To improve the chart's clarity c. To adjust the horizontal axis scale d. To filter the data points 5. In the line chart example, what is the purpose of editing the gridlines? a. To change the chart type Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6.1 Appendix Exploring Data with Power BI b. To adjust the axes scales c. To filter the data points d. To improve the chart's clarity 6. What is the purpose of editing the title in the line chart example? a. To change the chart type b. To improve the chart's clarity c. To adjust the axes scales d. To filter the data points

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Chapter 6.1 Appendix Exploring Data with Power BI Answer Key 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. b

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Chapter 6.2 Appendix Exploring Data with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. In the scatter chart matrix example, what does deselecting "Aggregate Measures" do? a. Hides the data points b. Displays the individual data points c. Connects the data points with lines d. Removes the axes labels 2. What is the purpose of hiding the chart title in the scatter chart matrix example? a. To make the chart more visually appealing b. To remove unnecessary information c. To make room for additional data points d. To highlight the axes labels 3. What is the purpose of adding filters for Category and Flavor in the time series data example using Tableau?

a. To select specific distribution centers b. To select specific product categories and flavors c. To select specific customer segments d. To select specific employees 4. Tableau, what does hovering between two horizontal axis labels and clicking and sliding do? a. Changes the chart type b. Widens or narrows the line chart c. Adjusts the vertical axis scale Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6.2 Appendix Exploring Data with Tableau d. Filters the data points 5. What is the purpose of changing the temporal frequency from yearly to quarterly in the time series data example using Tableau?

a. To show more granular data b. To smooth out fluctuations in the data c. To reduce the number of data points d. To change the chart type 6. In the time series data example using Tableau, what information is displayed when clicking on the trend line?

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Chapter 6.2 Appendix Exploring Data with Tableau

a. The color of the trend line b. The thickness of the trend line c. The formula, R-squared value, and p-value of the trend line d. The start and end points of the trend line 7. What is the purpose of adding a trend line to the line chart in the time series data example using Tableau? a. To show the overall pattern of the data b. To compare the sales of different product categories c. To highlight the highest and lowest sales values d. To predict future sales values 8. In the scatter chart matrix example, what is the purpose of formatting the axes labels?

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Chapter 6.2 Appendix Exploring Data with Tableau

a. To change the chart type b. To improve the chart's clarity c. To adjust the axes scales d. To filter the data points 9. What is the purpose of removing the grid lines in the scatter chart matrix example? a. To change the chart type b. To adjust the axes scales c. To improve the chart's clarity d. To filter the data points 10. In the time series data example using Tableau, what is the purpose of using the Date Ordered pill? a. To set the temporal frequency b. To filter the data points c. To adjust the axes scales d. To change the chart type 11. What is the purpose of editing the title in the time series data example using Tableau? a. To change the chart type b. To improve the chart's clarity c. To adjust the axes scales d. To filter the data points 12. In the time series data example using Tableau, what is the purpose of removing the grid lines? a. To change the chart type Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 6.2 Appendix Exploring Data with Tableau b. To improve the chart's clarity c. To adjust the axes scales d. To filter the data points

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Chapter 6.2 Appendix Exploring Data with Tableau Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. b 12. b

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The ability to build a narrative from the data that is meaningful for the audience, is memorable for the audience, and is likely to influence the audience refers to __________. a. storytelling b. charting c. data visualization d. exploratory data analysis 2. The first goal in effective storytelling is to ensure we understand __________. a. our audience b. our visualization limitations c. statistical limitations d. predictive analysis 3. In addition to understanding an audience’s needs, another primary goal in effective storytelling is to ensure we understand __________. a. our visualization limitations b. the level of analytical comfort in our audience c. statistical limitations d. predictive analysis 4. Simple charts that can be easily explained and highlight a single insight should be used for audiences that have __________. a. low comfort with analytics b. high comfort with analytics c. education in statistics d. experience with data visualization 5. It may be useful to use more sophisticated charts that provide additional details and insight for audiences that have __________. a. low comfort with analytics b. high comfort with analytics c. no education in statistics d. no experience with data visualization 6. The following chart would be best suited for ________.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

a. an audience with low comfort with analytics b. an audience with high comfort with analytics c. any audience d. no audience 7. The following chart would be best suited for ________.

a. an audience with low comfort with analytics b. an audience with high comfort with analytics c. any audience d. no audience 8. Understanding data well enough to communicate the insights clearly and succinctly best describes knowing your __________. a. audience b. limitations c. message Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data d. audience’s limitations 9. To best present data to an audience, not only should you be able to explain what the data mean to the audience, but you should also be able to explain __________. a. the limitations in the data b. what data visualization is used for c. how the visualizations were created d. how long it took to create the visualizations 10. The goal of all analytical methods is to influence the audience in a way that facilitates better __________. a. decisions b. understanding of the data c. salaries d. statistical knowledge 11. Which of the following is useful when you have two time periods or points of comparison and want to quickly show relative increases and decreases or differences across various categories between the two data points? a. Pie chart b. Heat map c. Stacked horizontal bar chart d. Slope chart 12. What type of title should you use for a proper data story? a. A descriptive title b. A predictive title c. An arbitrary title d. No title 13. The ability to understand and share in the feelings of others refers to __________. a. pathos b. empathy c. logos d. ethos 14. A common challenge for creating empathy with data is that audiences can lose the ability to associate meaning when considering __________. a. large numerical values b. small numerical values c. colorful visualizations d. gray scale visualizations 15. A good way to provide a sense of scale to the audience for large numbers is to use a __________. a. dot matrix chart b. larger version of a chart c. trellis chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data d. larger font 16. Including a photo in this chart is an effective way to __________.

a. appeal to the pathos of the audience b. appeal to the ethos of the audience c. appeal to the logos of the audience d. focus on the aggregate statistics rather than just the individual numbers 17. Including a photo in this chart is an effective way to __________.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

a. appeal to the ethos of the audience b. appeal to the logos of the audience c. create empathy with your audience d. focus on the aggregate statistics rather than just the individual numbers 18. The following dot matrix chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. Blue highlighted dots indicate a vote against the issue.

Approximately how many votes were there against Issue 1?

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data a. 35,000 b. 7 c. 35 d. 60,000 19. The following dot matrix chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. Blue highlighted dots indicate a vote against the issue.

What proportion of votes was against Issue 1? a. Approximately 50% b. More than 50% c. Less than 25% d. Approximately 75% 20. The following dot matrix chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. Blue highlighted dots indicate a vote against the issue.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

What proportion of votes was in favor of Issue 1? a. Approximately 50% b. More than 50% c. Less than 25% d. More than 75% 21. The following chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city.

This is an example of a _________. a. choropleth b. line chart c. scatter chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data d. dot matrix chart 22. The best way to display information such as unemployment data over time is to use a a. dot matrix chart b. bar chart c. line chart d. geographic map 23. Connecting with the audience using emotion refers to the idea of __________. a. pathos b. storytelling c. logos d. ethos 24. Adding an individualized photo to a chart is an effective way to __________. a. appeal to the ethos of the audience b. appeal to the logos of the audience c. focus on aggregate statistics rather than just individual numbers d. create empathy with the audience 25. The change over time of a single variable for multiple entities by connecting pairs of data points for each entity refers to a __________. a. slope chart b. pie chart c. heat map d. stacked horizontal bar chart 26. The following chart shows the change in GDP over two years for Countries A, B, C, and D. This is an example of a __________.

a. slope chart Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data b. pie chart c. heat map d. stacked horizontal bar chart 27. The following chart shows the enrollment years for different class ranks of a school in the current year and compares them to the previous year. An alternative chart to show this would be a __________.

a. pie chart b. slope chart c. heat map d. stacked horizontal bar chart 28. Proper use of ______________ in a data visualization can greatly help in focusing the attention of the audience to explain specific insights and help craft a story from the data. a. preattentive attributes b. color c. form d. spatial position 29. To draw the audience’s attention to NYC, the following chart uses the preattentive attribute of __________.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

a. movement b. color c. form d. spatial position 30. What is a number associated with the visualization that is displayed in very large font? a. Big associated number b. Oversized texting c. Sans serif font d. Serif font 31. To draw the audience’s attention to the number of children adopted in the current year, the following chart uses __________.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

a. a big associated number b. color c. form d. spatial position 32. A visual illustration defining the three ways (ethos, logos, and pathos) in which a story can connect to the audience is the __________. a. Freytag Pyramid b. Gestalt principles c. Rhetorical Triangle d. spatial positioning 33. The Rhetorical Triangle is a visual illustration defining what three ways in which a story can connect to the audience? a. Ethos, logos, and pathos b. Color, form, and movement c. Empathy, color, and logos d. Spatial positioning, movement, and font 34. Which of these represents the ability to show credibility in a story to your audience? a. Logos b. Pathos c. Ethos d. Empathy 35. Which of these typically refers to the logic or reasoning in the story or presentation? a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Empathy 36. Which of these refers to connecting with the audience using emotion?

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Empathy 37. Clearly explaining the origin of the data used in the data visualizations and by being open about any assumptions made in the analysis and presenting alternative interpretations when necessary is a way to create what with your audience? a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Movement 38. Presenting a clear argument on how the data and the analysis being presented to help the audience make better decisions is a way to create what with your audience? a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Movement 39. Using examples of individuals rather than just talking about aggregate statistics, using pictures in your data visualizations, and creating context for large numerical values are all efforts to appeal to the audience using __________. a. ethos b. logos c. pathos d. movement 40. Freytag’s Pyramid divides a story into what five distinct elements? a. Introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion b. Introduction, action, climax, reaction, and conclusion c. Introduction, initiation, response, recovery, and conclusion d. Introduction, problem, conflict, resolution, and conclusion 41. Which of these statements describes the rising action element of Freytag’s Pyramid? a. It explains the obstacles that are facing the protagonist. b. It explains the necessary background information so that the audience can understand the story. c. It is where the audience is exposed to the major conflict in the story. d. It is when the audience can start to anticipate how the story will reach its conclusion during the falling action.

42. The stage of climax in Freytag’s Pyramid __________. a. explains the obstacles that are facing the protagonist b. explains the necessary background information so that the audience can understand the story c. is where the audience is exposed to the major conflict in the story d. is when the audience can start to anticipate how the story will reach its conclusion during the falling action 43. Which of the following statements describes the element of falling action in Freytag’s Pyramid?

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data a. It explains the obstacles that are facing the protagonist. b. It explains the necessary background information so that the audience can understand the story. c. It is where the audience is exposed to the major conflict in the story. d. It is when the audience can start to anticipate how the story will reach its conclusion during the falling action.

44. The following chart depicts __________.

a. Freytag’s Pyramid b. Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle c. the Gestalt principles d. storyboarding 45. The following chart depicts __________.

a. Freytag’s Pyramid b. Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle c. the Gestalt principles d. storyboarding Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data 46. A simple visual organization of the main points of the story used to provide structure of the narrative that you intend to create for the audience is called __________. a. a storyboard b. a trellis board c. a matrix d. Freytag’s Pyramid 47. The following visualizations are an example of __________.

a. a trellis board b. a storyboard c. a matrix d. Freytag’s Post-its 48. A common mistake made by novice presenters is to present all the analysis that has been done for a project in the __________. a. chronological order b. Freytag’s Pyramid order c. reverse order d. Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle 49. The following visualizations are an example of what type of storyboard creation method?

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data

a. Low-tech b. High-tech c. PowerPoint d. Freytag’s Pyramid 50. Using a representative protagonist to which the audience can relate is an example of using _______ because it strengthens the _______ attachment with the audience. a. logos; logical b. ethos; credible c. BAN; understanding d. pathos; emotional 51. Which of the following is an effective way to provide context for large numerical values in a data visualization? a. Using scientific notation b. Comparing the value to a familiar reference point c. Using a logarithmic scale d. Displaying the value in a small font 52. Which of the following is an effective way to create empathy with the data in a presentation? a. Using technical jargon b. Focusing on aggregate statistics c. Providing examples of individuals impacted by the data d. Using a neutral color palette 53. Which of the following chart types is most appropriate for displaying the distribution of a dataset, including outliers? a. Line chart b. Bar chart c. Pie chart d. Box and whisker chart 54. Which of the following types of data visualizations is most appropriate for an audience with a low analytical comfort level and needing only high-level insights?

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data a. Box and whisker chart b. Pie chart c. Scatter chart d. Treemap 55. Which of the following scenarios is most appropriate for using a slope chart? a. Comparing the distribution of sales across different product categories b. Showing the change in market share for competing companies over time c. Displaying the hierarchy of employees in an organization d. Illustrating the relationship between advertising spend and revenue 56. Which of the following is an example of using the preattentive attribute of spatial position to draw attention to insights in a data visualization? a. Placing the most important data point in the center of the chart b. Using contrasting colors for different data series c. Sizing data points proportionally to their value d. Displaying data in alphabetical order 57. Which of the following is an example of using preattentive attributes to emphasize insights in a data visualization? a. Using a descriptive title to summarize the main insight b. Including a legend to explain the meaning of different colors c. Changing the color of a specific data point to draw attention to it d. Displaying the data source below the visualization 58. According to Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle, which of the following refers to the use of logic and reasoning to persuade the audience? a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Kairos 59. According to Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle, which element focuses on establishing the credibility and trustworthiness of the presenter or data? a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Kairos 60. What is the main purpose of using Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle when crafting a data-driven story? a. To create a visually appealing presentation b. To ensure the data is accurate and unbiased c. To persuade the audience by appealing to ethos, logos, and pathos d. To organize the presentation into a clear structure 61. According to Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle, which of the following refers to the ability to connect with the audience Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data using emotion? a. Ethos b. Logos c. Pathos d. Kairos 62. Which of the following is a key benefit of using storyboarding when creating a presentation? a. Ensures the presentation has a logical flow b. Helps create visually appealing slides c. Reduces the time needed to create the presentation d. Eliminates the need for rehearsing the presentation 63. Which of the following is a key advantage of using sticky notes for storyboarding compared to using presentation software? a. Sticky notes are more visually appealing b. Sticky notes allow for easy collaboration and idea sharing c. Sticky notes can be directly converted into digital slides d. Sticky notes require less time to create 64. When creating a storyboard for a data-driven presentation, which of the following should be the primary focus? a. Designing visually stunning slides b. Ensuring the presentation follows a clear narrative structure c. Including as many data points as possible d. Minimizing the number of slides in the presentation 65. Which of the following is a key consideration when storyboarding a data-driven presentation? a. Ensuring that each slide has the same layout and design b. Focusing primarily on the aesthetic appeal of the visuals c. Organizing the key insights and messages into a logical narrative flow d. Including as much text as possible on each slide 66. When creating an effective story for a presentation, which of the following should be considered to tailor the message to the audience? a. The audience's needs and analytical comfort level b. The complexity of the data visualizations used c. The length of the presentation d. The number of speakers presenting the information 67. Which of the following is an important consideration when creating an effective story for a presentation? a. Using a variety of colors in the slides b. Including complex statistical analyses c. Focusing on the needs and background of the audience d. Using humor throughout the presentation

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. a 11. d 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. a 16. a 17. c 18. a 19. c 20. d 21. d 22. c 23. a 24. d 25. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data 26. a 27. b 28. a 29. b 30. a 31. a 32. c 33. a 34. c 35. b 36. c 37. a 38. b 39. c 40. a 41. a 42. c 43. d 44. a 45. b 46. a 47. b 48. a 49. a 50. d 51. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 7 Explaining Visually to Influence with Data 52. c 53. d 54. b 55. b 56. a 57. c 58. b 59. a 60. c 61. c 62. a 63. b 64. b 65. c 66. a 67. c

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. A data visualization tool that gives multiple outputs and may update in real time is referred to as a __________. a. key performance indicator b. data dashboard c. trellis display d. matrix 2. A value a manager uses to operate and maintain their businesses effectively and efficiently is referred to as a __________. a. key performance indicator b. data dashboard c. trellis display d. matrix 3. Which of the following is not an example of a key performance indicator? a. Current level of inventory b. Pending customer orders c. Status of accounts d. Forecasted sales 4. Which of the following is an example of a key performance indicator? a. Current level of inventory b. An employee’s starting salary c. Projected market share for next quarter d. Forecasted sales 5. A data dashboard should present all KPIs related to some aspect of the organization’s operations on a __________. a. a large trellis display to scroll through horizontally b. a large trellis display to scroll through vertically c. none of these choices d. a single screen 6. Rather than requiring the user to scroll vertically and horizontally to see the entire dashboard, it is better to __________. a. create multiple dashboards of related KPIs b. reduce the amount of data visualizations to fit on one screen c. create an auto-scrolling display of the dashboard d. None of these choices 7. The data dashboard for a marketing manager may include KPIs related to __________. a. potential donors b. the current financial standing of the company c. sales by region d. the crime rate in different neighborhoods Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards 8. The data dashboard for a university foundation officer may include KPIs related to __________. a. sales by region b. potential donors c. the current financial standing of the company d. the crime rate in different neighborhoods 9. The data dashboard for a chief financial officer may include KPIs related to __________. a. sales by region b. potential donors c. the current financial standing of the company d. the crime rate in different neighborhoods 10. The data dashboard for a police chief may include KPIs related to __________. a. sales by region b. potential donors c. the current financial standing of the company d. the crime rate in different neighborhoods 11. The KPIs displayed in the data dashboard should __________. a. quickly and clearly convey meaning to its user b. provide an overview of every area of the company c. be very detailed and analytical d. be displayed across several screens 12. The KPIs displayed in the data dashboard should __________. a. provide an overview of every area of the company b. be very detailed and analytical c. be displayed across several screens d. be related to decisions the user makes 13. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of current price, recent rate of return, and relative rate of risk of the portfolio. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Investment organization b. Manufacturing organization c. Marketing organization d. Human resources organization 14. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of quantity produced, quality of units produced, and rate of production.

Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Investment organization b. Manufacturing organization c. Marketing organization d. Human resources organization Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards 15. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of quantity sold, quality delivered, and prices of current products. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Investment organization b. Manufacturing organization c. Marketing organization d. Human resources organization 16. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of number of employees, employee performance, and participation in training. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Investment organization b. Manufacturing organization c. Marketing organization d. Human resources organization 17. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of time to resolution, downtime, and scheduled maintenance. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Donor organization b. Personal fitness organization c. Law enforcement organization d. Technical support organization 18. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of blood pressure, distance traveled, and BMI. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Donor organization b. Personal fitness organization c. Law enforcement organization d. Technical support organization 19. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of campaign status, cash flow, and contributions. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Donor organization b. Personal fitness organization c. Law enforcement organization d. Technical support organization 20. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of number of arrests and number of police reports. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Donor organization b. Personal fitness organization c. Law enforcement organization d. Technical support organization 21. Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of number of students enrolled and student test scores. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard? a. Donor organization Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards b. Personal fitness organization c. Technical support organization d. Education organization 22. A dashboard that provides information on an organization’s KPIs that may periodically be updated manually as new data and information are collected is referred to as a __________. a. KPI dashboard b. dynamic dashboard c. static dashboard d. trellis dashboard 23. A dashboard that provides information on an organization’s KPIs and regularly receives and incorporates new and revised data and incorporates these data is referred to as a __________. a. KPI dashboard b. dynamic dashboard c. static dashboard d. trellis dashboard 24. A static dashboard would be appropriate for an organization when __________. a. its KPIs change rapidly b. its KPIs change slowly c. it has a lot of time and money to invest in the dashboard d. its information needs continuously updated 25. A dynamic dashboard would be appropriate for an organization when __________. a. its KPIs change rapidly b. its KPIs change slowly c. it doesn’t have a lot of time or money to invest in the dashboard d. its information needs continuously updated 26. A dashboard that does not allow users to customize the data dashboard display is referred to as a(n) __________. a. noninteractive dashboard b. interactive dashboard c. static dashboard d. dynamic dashboard 27. A dashboard that allows users to customize the data dashboard display, effectively allowing a user to filter the data displayed, is referred to as a(n) __________. a. noninteractive dashboard b. interactive dashboard c. static dashboard d. dynamic dashboard 28. A noninteractive data dashboard is appropriate when the __________. a. data do not change frequently Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards b. data change frequently c. user wants to drill down and filter the data d. organization’s KPIs change rapidly 29. An interactive data dashboard is appropriate when __________. a. the data do not change frequently b. customization is not necessary c. the user wants to drill down and filter the data d. the organization’s KPIs change slowly 30. A feature that provides the user with more specific and detailed information on a particular element, variable, or KPI is referred to as __________. a. pivoting b. data mining c. drilling down d. a time interval widget 31. A feature that provides the user with the capability to restrict the data displayed to a specific segment by systematically selecting values of several categories or values of variables in a nested manner is referred to as __________. a. pivoting b. hierarchical filtering c. drilling down d. a time interval widget 32. A feature that allows the user to specify the time period to be displayed on the dashboard is referred to as ________. a. pivoting b. hierarchical filtering c. drilling down d. a time interval widget 33. Dashboards that are typically used by lower-level managers to monitor rapidly changing critical business conditions are referred to as __________. a. analytical dashboards b. strategic dashboards c. tactical dashboards d. operational dashboards 34. Dashboards that are typically used by mid-level managers to identify and assess the organization’s strengths and weaknesses in support of the development of organizational strategies are referred to as __________. a. analytical dashboards b. strategic dashboards c. tactical dashboards d. operational dashboards Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards 35. Dashboards that are typically used by executives to monitor the status of KPIs’ relevant to overarching organizational objectives are referred to as __________. a. analytical dashboards b. strategic dashboards c. tactical dashboards d. operational dashboards 36. Dashboards that are typically used by analysts to identify and investigate trends, predict outcomes, and discover insights in large volumes of data are referred to as __________. a. analytical dashboards b. strategic dashboards c. tactical dashboards d. operational dashboards 37. A dashboard design team should understand the needs of the __________. a. dashboard’s end users b. entire organization c. chief executive officer d. customers 38. A strategy for reducing unnecessary complexity in a dashboard is __________. a. avoiding inclusion of information that will not be useful to the end users b. organizing the information into subsets that each address a different need of the end users c. using interactive dashboard tools d. all of these choices 39. An interactive Excel crosstabulation that allows the user to interact with the data by applying filters to select various aspects of the data is referred to as a __________. a. slicer b. PivotChart c. dashboard d. PivotTable 40. An interactive Excel chart that allows the user to interact with the data by applying filters to select various aspects of the data is referred to as a __________. a. slicer b. PivotChart c. dashboard d. PivotTable 41. PivotTables and PivotCharts can be filtered by using __________. a. a slicer b. updated data sources c. the Customization tab d. an extracter Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards 42. The following Excel data dashboard displays the grade distribution for a college course.

The slicer is applied to which attribute? a. Class Level b. Official Grade c. Program and Plan d. Total Grades 43. The following Excel data dashboard displays the grade distribution for a college course.

How many total students were in the class? a. 63 b. 60 c. 105 d. Cannot be determined 44. The following Excel data dashboard displays the grade distribution for a college course.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards

How many total students were in the College of Musical Arts program? a. 5 b. 2 c. 105 d. Cannot be determined 45. To add a slicer to a PivotChart or PivotTable in Excel, one way is to access the __________. a. Analyze tab b. Design tab c. Format tab d. Conditional Formatting tool 46. Which Excel tool works in the same way as a slicer but works exclusively with date fields? a. Timeline b. Drill Down c. Developer d. Date Formula 47. Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design? a. Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation b. Creating a dashboard with a high data-ink ratio c. Not considering the reason the organization wants to develop a data dashboard d. Applying Freytag’s Pyramid to the presentation 48. Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design? a. Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered b. Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation c. Creating a dashboard with a high data-ink ratio d. Applying Freytag’s Pyramid to the presentation 49. Which of the following is not a common mistake in data dashboard design? a. Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered b. Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation c. Neglecting to obtain sufficient input from the actual users throughout the data dashboard design process d. Not considering the organizations’ and users’ potential future needs Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards 50. A feature that allows the user to tailor the dashboard to specific needs is referred to as ________. a. pivoting b. hierarchical filtering c. a customization tool d. a time interval widget

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards Answer Key 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. d 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. d 11. a 12. d 13. a 14. b 15. c 16. d 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. c 21. d 22. c 23. b 24. b 25. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 8 Data Dashboards 26. a 27. b 28. a 29. c 30. c 31. b 32. d 33. d 34. c 35. b 36. a 37. a 38. d 39. d 40. b 41. a 42. c 43. c 44. d 45. a 46. a 47. c 48. a 49. b 50. c

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Chapter 8.1 Appendix Building a Data Dashboard with Power BI

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. In Power BI, what is the purpose of the bold formatting applied to the dashboard title? a. To make the title easier to read b. To make the title stand out c. To make the title look more professional d. To make the title fit the theme of the dashboard 2. In Power BI, what is the purpose of centering the dashboard title? a. To make the title easier to read b. To make the title look more professional c. To improve the visual balance of the dashboard d. To make the title fit the theme of the dashboard 3. In Power BI, what is the purpose of the black border added to each visualization? a. To make the visualizations easier to read b. To create a consistent and cohesive look for the dashboard c. To make the visualizations look more professional d. To make the visualizations fit the theme of the dashboard 4. What is the overall purpose of building dashboards in tools like Power BI and Tableau? a. To make the data easier to understand b. To make the data look more visually appealing c. To make the data easier to analyze d. To effectively communicate and share data insights with others

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Chapter 8.1 Appendix Building a Data Dashboard with Power BI Answer Key 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. d

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Chapter 8.2 Appendix Building a Data Dashboard with Tableau

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. In Tableau, what happens when clicking on a value in the bar chart or line chart? a. Nothing happens b. Only the clicked chart is affected c. All other charts on the dashboard are filtered based on the clicked value d. The dashboard is reset to its original state 2. In Tableau, how is the legend for Category added to the line chart? a. By dragging the Category pill to the Color card in the Marks area b. By dragging the Category pill to the Rows shelf c. By dragging the Category pill to the Columns shelf d. By dragging the Category pill to the Filters card 3. In Tableau, how is the horizontal axis title changed in the line chart? a. By right-clicking the axis title and selecting Edit Axis b. By double-clicking the axis title c. By dragging a pill to the Columns shelf d. By formatting the axis in the Marks card 4. In Tableau, how are the unnecessary grid lines removed from the line chart? a. By right-clicking the chart and selecting Format, then toggling the grid lines off b. By right-clicking the chart and selecting Remove c. By dragging the grid lines off the chart d. By hiding the grid lines in the Marks card 5. In Tableau, what is the benefit of using color to differentiate the categories in the line chart? a. It makes the chart fit the theme of the dashboard. b. It makes the chart look more visually appealing. c. It makes the chart easier to understand. d. It makes it easier to distinguish between the categories and track their data.

6. In Tableau, what is the benefit of using a dashboard to organize the visualizations? a. It makes the visualizations easier to understand. b. It makes the visualizations look more visually appealing. c. It allows for a cohesive and structured presentation of the data. d. It makes the visualizations easier to create.

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Chapter 8.2 Appendix Building a Data Dashboard with Tableau Answer Key 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. d 6. c

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of these Excel formulas can help identify missing data? a. =DATABLANK b. =COUNTBLANK c. =COUNTMISSING d. =MISSING 2. Which of these Excel tools can help identify missing data? a. Format Painter b. Conditional Formatting c. Custom Font d. CTRL F 3. Excel’s COUNTBLANK function can help assess the quality of data by __________. a. determining which observations have missing values b. returning the number of blank cells in a column c. deleting any data errors d. returning the number of cells that meet a specific criterion 4. We can use the Excel Conditional Formatting tool to help us identify any missing values by __________. a. counting the number of blank cells in a column b. changing the appearance of cells on the basis of conditions that you specify c. estimating the value of missing data cells d. removing any data errors 5. What is the appropriate formula to determine the number of missing values of y in this abstract data set in Excel?

a. =COUNTBLANK(B2:B8) Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization b. =COUNTBLANK(A2:A8) c. =COUNTIF(B2:B8,0) d. =COUNTIF(A2:A8,0) 6. What is the appropriate formula to determine the number of missing values of x in this abstract data set in Excel?

a. =COUNTBLANK(B2:B8) b. =COUNTBLANK(A2:A8) c. =COUNTIF(B2:B8,0) d. =COUNTIF(A2:A8,0) 7. Which tool is being used to identify the missing data in this abstract data set in Excel?

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization

a. =COUNTBLANK b. Conditional Formatting c. Custom Font d. CTRL F 8. Which numerical value would the function =COUNTBLANK(B2:B8) return in this abstract data set in Excel?

a. 1 b. 0 c. ERROR d. 8 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization 9. Which numerical value would the function =COUNTBLANK(A2:A8) return in this abstract data set in Excel?

a. 1 b. 6 c. 0 d. 7 10. Which of these statements is true of outliers? a. Outliers should only be removed after careful consideration of their cause and on their effect on the insights drawn from the data. b. Outliers are always real data points. c. Outliers are never data entry errors. d. Outliers should immediately be removed for accurate analysis.

11. Excel’s Data Validation tool can be used to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting __________. a. miscalibration of sensors that automatically collect data b. biased data c. the ability to create data errors from manual entries d. the quality of responses 12. In Excel, to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting the ability to create data errors from manual entries, you can use the __________. a. Data Validation tool b. Conditional Formatting tool c. COUNTBLANK formula d. ISERROR formula 13. What exists when the sample data are not representative of the population data that are under study? a. Missing data Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization b. Biased data c. Data errors d. Population errors 14. What occurs when data are drawn from a sample that has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population? a. Selection bias b. Missing data c. Data errors d. Survivor bias 15. If a polling firm attempts to contact potential voters using only landline phone numbers, then the resulting sample is likely to be biased in terms of the age of respondents since older people are much more likely to have landline phones in their homes. This is an example of __________. a. selection bias b. survivor bias c. inflation d. recency bias 16. What occurs when a sample data set consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event? a. Selection bias b. Survivor bias c. Inflation d. Recency bias 17. Studies of market performance often exclude companies that collapse and only focus on successful businesses. This can distort statistics and make success seem more probable than it truly is. This is an example of __________. a. survivor bias b. selection bias c. inflation d. bias of positive outcomes 18. Survivor bias and selection bias are related because __________. a. the sample data set consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event b. the sample data are not representative of the population that is being studied c. the sample has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population d. they both institute an equal amount of error into the study 19. Simpson’s paradox occurs when a specific trend that appears in subsets of data ____________when the subsets are aggregated. a. is strengthened b. disappears or reverses c. has no effect Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization d. is overly represented 20. When a sample that does not represent the population is chosen, Simpson’s paradox is also a form of __________. a. survivor bias b. missing data c. data error d. selection bias 21. The general increase in prices over time that is measured by tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services refers to _________. a. deflation b. inflation c. Simpson’s paradox d. price tracking 22. By tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services, an inflation in prices over time refers to a general __________. a. decrease b. increase c. exaggeration d. tracking 23. Which of these is measured by tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services? a. Price index b. Inflation c. Deflation d. Tracking 24. Raw values that have not been adjusted for inflation or other important factors refers to _________. a. nominal values b. real values c. inflated values d. deflated values 25. Values that have been adjusted for inflation are called _________. a. nominal values b. real values c. inflated values d. deflated values 26. Calculate the inflation-adjusted price for the year 2014 based on the information given in the following table.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization

a. 126.00 b. 128.65 c. 127.89 d. 128.75 27. Calculate the inflation-adjusted price for the year 2015 based on the information given in the following table.

a. 126.00 b. 128.87 c. 128.65 d. 127.89 28. Determine the price index for the year 2015 based on the information given in the following table.

a. 50.2 b. 65.0 c. 51.9 d. 89.4 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization 29. Determine the formula being used to calculate the inflation-adjusted price in cell D2.

A

B

C

D

1

Year

Product Z

Price Index

Inflation adjusted price (Base year 2018)

2

2014

65

51.9

128.75

3

2015

88

70.2

128.87

4

2016

122

97.5

128.63

5

2017

135

108.5

127.91

6

2018

128

102.8

128.00

a. =B2*C2/C6 b. =B2*C6/C2 c. =C6*B6/C2 d. =C6*C2/B2 30. Determine the formula being used to calculate the inflation-adjusted price in cell D5.

A

B

C

D

1

Year

Product Z

Price Index

Inflation adjusted price (Base year 2018)

2

2014

65

51.9

128.75

3

2015

88

70.2

128.87

4

2016

122

97.5

128.63

5

2017

135

108.5

127.91

6

2018

128

102.8

128.00

a. =B5*C6/C5 b. =B5*C5/C6 c. =C5*B5/C6 d. =C5*C5/B6 31. An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is ________. a. making the bars in a histogram equal width b. stretching the axes c. starting the axes at zero d. adding an unbiased caption 32. Beginning the vertical scale of a graph at a value different from zero to make increases look more dramatic is an example of __________. a. Simpson’s paradox b. unbiased data c. sampling bias d. deceptive design Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization 33. The following chart is misleading because of the __________.

a. nonzero origin b. labeled axis scales c. 3D bar charts d. rotated axis 34. Which of the following statements about Charts A and B is true?

Chart A:

Chart B:

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization

a. Neither graph is misleading. b. Chart A is misleading because the y-axis does not start at zero. c. Chart B is misleading because the difference in the bar heights should be more than what the graph shows. d. Both graphs are misleading.

35. The following chart is misleading because __________.

a. a line graph should not use percents b. the x-axis does not have equal intervals Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization c. the y-axis does not have equal intervals d. Location is not provided.

36. What kind of chart makes use of a secondary axis to represent one of the variables so that both variables can be shown on the same chart? a. Dual-axis chart b. Multidimensional chart c. Condensed chart d. Bi-axis chart 37. In most cases, dual-axis charts are __________. a. difficult for audiences to interpret b. simple for audiences to interpret c. too empathetic for audiences d. too colorful for audiences 38. The following chart is an example of a dual-axis chart because __________.

a. it has both vertical and horizontal axes b. the axes labels do not start with zero c. the y-axis represents sales and profit margin d. there are two axes 39. The rate at which time series data are displayed in a chart refers to __________. a. the x-axis intervals Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization b. temporal frequency c. horizontal spacing d. timing 40. Which of these may reduce the variability shown in a chart, which can be misleading to the audience? a. Increasing the temporal frequency b. Keeping the temporal frequency c. Decreasing the temporal frequency d. Doubling the temporal frequency 41. In most cases, when creating choropleth maps, it is best to use a value __________. a. relative to the population of the region b. that is categorical c. relative to the entire population of the data d. that corresponds to associated values 42. Why is this graph showing the results of a survey to determine customers’ favorite products misleading?

a. The slices are the wrong color. b. The slices are not the correct size. c. The percentages do not add up to 100. d. The data would be better displayed in a bar chart.

43. The following graph makes it look as if Region A had double the sales that Region B had. Is this a valid conclusion?

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization

a. Yes, because Region A had about twice as many sales as Region B b. No, because the x-axis doesn’t start at 0, the scale is misleading c. Yes, because the bar for Region A is twice the length of the bar for Region B d. No, because the sales are recorded at two different times in history 44. The following chart may be misleading and difficult for an audience to interpret because _________.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization

a. the colors are difficult to differentiate b. of the intersection of the two lines c. it has dual vertical axes d. the lines diverge as time passes 45. A simple alternative to using a dual-axis chart is to __________. a. use a frequency table for each variable instead b. replace the dual-axis chart with two charts where each variable is shown on a different chart c. make the axes contrasting colors d. use a scatter chart with the same variables 46. Which of these is the most serious deceptive graphical technique? a. Using a vague source b. Using bold colors c. Using nonzero origin d. Not labeling data points 47. What is the main characteristic of biased data? a. The sample data accurately represent the population under study. b. The sample data are not representative of the population under study. c. The sample data contain missing values.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization d. The sample data have been adjusted for inflation.

48. Which type of bias occurs when a sample consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event? a. Selection bias b. Simpson's paradox c. Inflation bias d. Survivor bias 49. What is a potential consequence of selection bias in a study? a. More accurate results b. Overestimation or underestimation of treatment effects c. A more diverse perspective d. No impact on results 50. How can a scatter chart help identify instances of Simpson's paradox? a. By showing missing data points b. By adjusting for inflation c. By revealing trends in subsets of data that differ from the overall trend d. By using a dual-axis format 51. What is the key characteristic of Simpson's paradox? a. Results are adjusted for inflation. b. Results differ between subgroups and the overall population. c. Results are displayed using a dual-axis chart. d. Results are biased due to missing data.

52. Why might Simpson's paradox occur in a dataset? a. The data have been adjusted for inflation. b. The data are displayed using a dual-axis chart. c. The data contain missing values. d. The relationships between variables differ across subgroups.

53. Why are dual-axis charts often confusing for audiences? a. They do not adjust for inflation. b. They always have the wrong aspect ratio. c. They require the audience to match each data series to its corresponding axis. d. They cannot display time series data.

54. What is a recommended alternative to using a dual-axis chart? a. Adjusting the data for inflation b. Changing the aspect ratio of the chart c. Creating two separate charts, one for each data series d. Truncating the vertical axis Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization 55. What is a potential problem with using a dual-axis chart to compare two variables with different units? a. The chart will not adjust for inflation. b. The viewer may incorrectly compare the magnitudes of the two variables. c. The chart will be too cluttered. d. The chart will not display time series data.

56. What is the best way to collect time series data? a. At the highest temporal frequency possible b. At the lowest temporal frequency possible c. At a random temporal frequency d. Temporal frequency does not matter for time series data.

57. What is a disadvantage of using a very short time period (e.g., 1 day) for the horizontal axis of a stock price chart? a. It violates the principle of data-ink ratio. b. It can make long-term trends more apparent. c. It can make short-term fluctuations appear more significant. d. It does not allow for the inclusion of trading volume data.

58. What is the effect of using a low temporal frequency (e.g., annual vs. daily) in a time series chart? a. It reveals cyclical patterns. b. It emphasizes short-term fluctuations. c. It smooths out short-term fluctuations. d. It has no effect on the insights gained from the chart.

59. How can a choropleth map be improved to better represent a variable across geographic regions? a. Use a dual-axis format. b. Display the variable as a rate or percentage of the population in each region. c. Truncate the scale of the color gradient. d. Use a wider range of data.

60. What is an example of a situation where a choropleth map showing totals could be appropriate? a. Comparing population density across regions b. Comparing total GDP across countries c. Comparing the prevalence of a health condition across states d. Comparing voter turnout rates across districts 61. What type of data is most appropriate to display on a choropleth map? a. Time series data b. Nominal data c. Ordinal data d. Ratio data

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. a 9. c 10. a 11. c 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. a 16. b 17. a 18. b 19. b 20. d 21. b 22. b 23. a 24. a 25. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization 26. d 27. b 28. c 29. b 30. a 31. b 32. d 33. a 34. b 35. b 36. a 37. a 38. c 39. b 40. c 41. a 42. c 43. b 44. c 45. b 46. c 47. b 48. d 49. b 50. c 51. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 9 Telling the Truth with Data Visualization 52. d 53. c 54. c 55. b 56. a 57. c 58. c 59. b 60. b 61. d

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